Vol. Inf.. 1962.

JNE HUNDREi
ILLINOIS VOLU^

WAR
O C O C O

THE HISTORY

OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH REGIMENT OF
ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

WAR OF THE

GREAT REBELLION

1862-1865

BY

WILLIAM WIRT CALKINS

FIRST LIEUTENANT OF COMPANY E, ONE HUNDRED AND

FOURTH REGIMENT, AND AIDE DE CAMP STAFF

OF GENERAL JOHN BEATTY.

HISTORICAL COMMITTESv

FRANK M. SAPP, JOHN H. WIDMER,

MILTON B. BUSHNELL, WILLIAM W. CALKINS.

(;hica(;o:

DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY,

Printers, Enuravkks and Binders,

1895.

.V'H

PREFACE.

Comrades: —

Those of yon who have attended the annnal renuions
<»t' the One llnudred and Fourth are familiar witli the
measures taken to insure the writing- and i)ul)li(ation
of the militai-y liistory of the Keoiment in the war of
the Great Rebellion. Nearly thirty years had rolled
away and nothino- in the matter accomplished, while
all felt that the work had been ue.olected too long-. The
ranks were o-rowin.^- thinner from year to year as one
and another answered to the ^'roll call" above. The
survivors had passed, or were passing into the sere and
yellow leaf of autumn. There was a conviction— in
which I earnestly shared, that the glorious record of
the One Hundred and Fourth should be embodied in the
permanent form of history, in order that it might be
handed down to our children and those who will soon
follow us on the stage of human action, to show them
the sacrifices made, the sufferings and labors endured
that the Union might be preserved and the blessino-?^
of liberty maintained and secured, for them and man-
kind. At the annual reunion held in Streator, in Sep-
tember, 1892, all the previous feeble attempts to initiate
the movement for a history assumed definite shape
m the "Resolutions" presented upon that occasion,
ihese were heartily and unanimouslv adopted and
more than one-half of the monev required for expenses
subscribed then and there. By a process which seems
like a fatality, the choice of an Historian to chronicle
your achievements, fell upon the writer. 1 desire to
say, that whatever the wisdom that led to this result
1 did not evade a call that seemed like a dutv. ITnder
such circumstances the task was undertaken and has
been carried forward under difficulties and discourao-e-
ments hard to appreciate, as well as at the sacrifice^'of
personal interests. It is now completed, and in writino-

••r
nn<i

till- HUf<>r\ my tiiiii Iiiik Imimi to kIiou rl«-:ii-|\ wliai ilic
• •iii|ilii»li<'4l iiM a piiri of till* <iraiiil Annies
li,\ ilctailiii;: iiiiinilfly your iiiovt'iiu'iits,
.>! lialllfN; (•• It'll ihr tniili :iit<l i he Tacts,
III **riif willioiii iircjihiirc. \\ lirn- I li:nc
«^. .1 ••■•iiiiuiih it is wiilioiii piMJiMlit I*. An
iMfii inmlf to jjivi* i-n'tlit wln-ir ii is
il will Im* mi-ii lliiil, uilli tlir iiu'aiis of iiif'ttr-

III. iiaiiil, afh-r liiiriy years, il roiilil not always

Im* <ioii**. My alleiii|>lK to icarli every sui'viviii;; sol-
«ll«*r, ami to Irani alMUit those who are dead, entailed
utHiii iiii> a vast aiiioiiiii of extra laltoi-, time and
••\|wii«»«-, and e\en then were not always successful,
tiiif oM I he wliide I was eiiconra;:ed Ity the «4i-eat miijor-
ilic living; iiienihers. A nnmlH'r sent m<' valii-
.lOK material, siicli as diaiics, iioirs of personal ex-
|M'rii-iii i-». ei«-. Tln'se have heeii Utilized as far as
|Mir»»iMi-. Tlif tlir«*e chaptcrK of Kt'iuinisceiices au<l
Incidents wrilleii l>y nieiidters of iIk* Ke^imeni, will
Im* f«iiiiid inl«*restiiij:. While I luive been encoura^ied
l»y all, yet tin* followin;: couirades who hav«' aidt'd
iiif deM'rve mention: Sherman Lehunl, <;e«»ri;«' .Marsh,
Marshall |{a;:will, William II. Conard, ('a|ilaiii \\ .
SiraMii. i'. i' t'onrtri;:ht. r. tl. IMiillijts, taptaiu \\ .
l*r<N-tor. Major .1. II. \N idmer. Lieutenaui A. riescn,
.1. t*. I»e«*j.'aii. II. \Ninleischci«lt, S. \\ . Ilniiicss. Lieu-
leiiant I*. Talliot, Lieutenant S. \ . Ani<dd, .\. .Monilt.
.Ii»fu'|»li Itiirkart. Captain F. M. Sa|»p. I desire also
lo fXpri'S). my oldi;:alions t«» .Mrs. I>ou;:las llapeman,
Mi-H. .la^. M l^'i;;hton and .Mrs. Sarah I*. < 'enter for
iM-ceHs to valualde papcix; also to I >r. ( 'liarles .M. ( 'laiU,
the arciiiiiplihhed histi»rian of the 'Phirtyninih Illinois
liifaiilry, for kindly ad\ice and su;,';:«'stions. My
lliiitiks for miin\ favors are also extended to Cidoiiel
Pou^laM lla|N'man. It is due myself to say that
hi addition to the ;:eneral wrilin;; of the History,
nil the Hkeiih«>x of companies, e.xcept that of K.
iiiid all the ldo;:nipliics hut twn or three. \\<rc
' ^ file from iiiM-i'Kxity, and hcoiiise no one
'I itr could «lo the wiuK. This lalioi- wis

Very tedious and ivijiiiicd -real care and patience.
The rosters after beiiio- written were siibniitted to
officers and members of the com])anies for correction,
and when returned, re-written. The utmost care has
been taken to have the bio.iirai>hies as correct and
complete as p()ssibh\ Hundreds of letters were writ-
ten by me on this subject akme, and the most persist-
ent efforts made to obtain the record of evei-y soldier.
No one can justly com])lain if his bio;4Tai)hv is mea-er.
The numerous i»ictures of members will be of interest,
thou<;h some now ^rizzled veterans will hardly recoo-'
nize themselves or others, as they looked thirty years
a^-o. And, now, I will say in closing-, that after lulv-
ino- o-iven so much of my thought, time and labor, for
so long a period, to the preparation and writing of the
History of our gallant Regiment, I, at last, lav down
the pen with some reluctance, owing to the fact that
while engaged in the work I lived Over the old war
times and the past became a present reality. I mingled
again in the novel and stirring- scenes connected with
the organization of our R(\giment, its departure for the
front, and its various fortunes in nearly three yeai-s of
marches, campaigns and battles. Absorbed On the
subject, it was hard to realize that all was over and
buried— except in memory; that 'The mill will not
grind with the water that is passed," and those of us
who still survive— fortunately or unfortunately— have
only recollections left, pleasing or otherwise,' in i)ro-
portion to the manner in which we performed our
duty in the days of the Nation's distress. If tin-
objects for which I set out have been accomplished
to the satisfaction of my comrades of the One Hun-
dred and Fourth, I shall feel that my time and labor
have not been spent in vain.

Wn.LlAM W. (VVLKTNS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Remarks on the Impending Struggle— rhe Fall of Fort Sumter-
Call for Troops-Disasters of 1861-2-The Crisis of 1862-Up-
rismg of the Nation-600,000 Men Enlisted in Two Months...!

CHAPTER 11.

What La Salle County Had Done-The Organization of the One
Hundred and Fourth— Election of Field Officers 7

CHAPTER III.

Flag Presentation-March to Camp Wallace-Scenes in the Camp
-Runnmg the Guard-Marching Orders Received-The Field
and Staff— Packing Up ^

CHAPTER IV.

-issue of Cot. "'~t"""^ "' ^"'"P Holt-Getting Settled
^ tv! .?. C othmg and Arms-Drilling-Removal to "Camp
Bnckbat'^-March Over the Ohio-Buckner's Plantation-Grand
Review-Exciting News-March to Louisville-Camp Wilder-
TV ork on the Fortifications-Killing of General Nelson-Presi-
dent s Proclamation— Under Marching Orders I7

CHAPTER Y.

Leavmg Camp Wilder-A Hard March-Arrive at Shelbyvllle-
Confiscate Wagons-Attempt to Recover Contrabands-March
to Frankfort-Hasty Retreat of the Rebels-Colonel Limberg's
Arrest-Company E Raises a Flag-Wild Goose Chase After
Morgan-March to Bowling Green-Suffering by the Way-
Arrival at Bowling Green-Review and Speech by Gener-
al Rosecrans-Thirty-Ninth Brigade Detached-Colonel Scott
Assumes Command oa

(•ii.\i*ti:k \ 1.

U^rrh I -Arrtval «i Tomi.kJnHvllle— Cha«-

i,j^ ttir IMck«-ti»— Thr.-Mt«»nlnK IX-mon-

„ Ha«iy KxU liiul NlK>it March—

^• >,- (Vl.-I)ruie<l— Arrival at

11^

.mmun.1— Th.- Situation

•Dd Troop*— Purtvnta of l>anK' ' -^^

niAi'Ti:i: \ii.

Tr.f lUllle of Ilarts%in4>. Trnnc»n<f. nntl Capture of the One
Hundred and Fourth 61

niAi'TKi: \ III.

Oo In l*«rol«> Camp at Columbua— Taklnjr French Furloughs— De-

tii ('an)|i Doujclaa— CJuardlng Hehel Prisoners

UflM'l l*rl»on»'r8— off fur Nashville — Guarding

f <••. to Hr««nt«iM«l — Ufturn to Nashville — At Mur-

ff ill It^atty'a HrlKadi*— Prepare to Advance — Order

f..r M \<in<-nt I»sue<l 77

(IIAPTKK IX.

Th* I OmpalKn— Advance to Hoover's Gap— Wllder's

«"■ • ■ . w ;it I.llN-rty (Jap — (Occupation of Manchester

tit to Hlllsboro— Attacked by Cavalry —

It- . . iKK ll««trfats— Tullah<iniH Occupied— Ileat-

l> • Atlvancr to KIk Hlver— Seven Miles of FlghtlnK— Stock-

a\' <\iiiur^l by a I><'lnchment of the One Hundred and

■ ItfU-ls Fall Hack— Hejolclng over Gettysburg

' virif — In Camp KS

< llArTKU X.

Tr.r Chlrkamauga CamiMilKn and luttle of Chlckamauga 101

«n\i'Ti:i: xi

Th* IMrffr ..f Chattaaooca.. 153

<-ii \i"i!:i: \ II

■ ...... K..i. ...166

CHAPTER XIII.

The Flanking of Dalton-Advance to the Etowah-Battles of Re-
saca and New Hope Church-Seizure of Allatoona 192

CHAPTER XIV. •

The Battles Around Kenesaw Mountain-Johnston's Withdrawal
Beyond the Chattahoochee— Battle of Peach Tree Creek-Bat-
tle of Atlanta „, ,

Zl4

CHAPTER XV.

The Siege and Fall of Atlanta 229

CHAPTER XVI.

Pursuit of Hood and Return to Atlanta 243

CHAPTER XVII.

The^March from Atlanta to the Sea-Siege and Fall of Savan-
255

CHAPTER XVIII.

'^'^ Ben?onvili'e'''°"^'' '"'" Carolinas-Battle of Averysboro and
• ■ ■ • 283

CHAPTER XIX.

The Last Campaign-March to Raleigh-President Lincoln's As-
sassination— Johnston's Surrender— End of the War 311

CHAPTER XX.

Off for Washington-Race With the Twentieth Corps to Rich-
mond-The Grand Review-Muster Out and Return Home.. 318

rHATTlIK X\l.

<t Our Flr»t Thr«^ Months" Service. Includ-
'.f. by 0«pt»ln William Strawn, Company F —
iir ' the Atlanta Campaign, etc.. by Henry Wln-

Irr iny H— A M'vable Fort, by Sergeant William

H .iJt»any • -s Without Horns, by Charles

R! nv !— N r Peter Dinger. Company G —

J<a i: C.airr.>e. Company B — Recollections

of : ri and Other«. etc.. by Robert West, Com-

p* ..f Lieutenant Arnold of Company A—

R. .■-!tHw- Mountain and the Siege of Atlanta,

b> Strawn. Company F— Personal Recol-

Ir^ Mummer, by Jacob Bane, Company I..32S

« !i \1'ti:k XX 11.

K-ntucky Campaign. Hartsville and Elk
riant A. Prescotl. Company A — My Experl-
m V at Sir u Is Mill. ..r Fishing Creek. S. C. by John E.
Merrltt. Company H — Incidents of Chlckamauga. the Atlanta
Campaign and Raleigh, by Corr>oral D. L. Mitchell. Company
C — Wh.. Hud !h^ N'Ightmare at Hlllsboro and Chattanooga?
b> Moffltt. Company I— Milking Cows, by
O- >• r> — Reminiscence of Tompklnsvllle and
Ml»s:- li KiJi;*.. L> Edgar L. Stevens. Company C — My
Eii--rVn'v. at Chlckamauga. by Philip A. Hawk, Company
G -nee of Glasgow. Ky., by Captain Wlllard Proc-
tc- V I— The Exp«-rlence of Company I In the Skir-
ls Atlanta. July r.'d. 1864. by Captain Wlllar3
*•' Mj.any I— Recollections of Utoy Creek, Ga.. by
! Procter. Company I— Extracts from Captain
n* to the Oi>eratlons of the Regiment Around
• Cr\'«-k and New Hope Church — Recol-
"f <'hattanooga and the Battle of Look-
wul M«ui*Uin. by Captain William Strawn 347

« iiArriiK xxiii.

TW FI»I4 aod StAff— Noa-CommlMloned Staff— Roster and Bi-
ocrmphix 366

rilAI'TKi: \XI\ .

OPiPMy A— How and Wh#r« Organised— Roster and Blogra*
phi— Bf ttotlf» 376

CHAPTEK XX\'.

Companr B— How anf W>^-^- '-'-eariz^--_P-^ ,. =„^ t>-

phies-Statisti« ^..:.. T^ . ^*'^;

CHAPTER XXVL

CompaDv C— How and Wherv C-rg^niz^i— t>--^- =--- - -
phJe« — Statistic-s ''

CHAPTER XXVIL

Company I>-How and Where Cn-aniz-i-R-^-- and K— a
phies — Statistics ... "''"

415

CHAPTER XXVIIL

Com^ny E-How and Where Cn^nizM-E c^.er and Kogra-
phies— Statistics ^^^

CHAPTER XXIX.

""'TSls^lSSr. ^^ ^^^^^^i^^^^^anixed-Roster and Bio^-
447

CHAPTER XXX

phies — Statistics

Company G-How ar i Where Or^aiuz^i_Rc«er and Biogra-

45S

CHAPTER XXXL

Company H— How and W^^-i-^ .-.t^t-^-t^ -d--. ^ -^

phies-Siatistics ";:...: .'.';!r^"r*'^ Biogra-

CHAPTER XXXII.

company I-How and Where Or^anixed-Roster and Biosra-

phies— Statistics . ^^ ^Jtugra

-15^

CHAPTER XXXIIL

Company K-How and Where Orgaruz^l-Rc^er and Biogra-
phies—Statistics ^^ «t«ra

CHArTKU xx.\i\

Kamllv* of th« Iinprt«..nm*nl of ll.peman and Wldmer. by col-
onel iv.u<l«. lUprmnn -Hrinln!»o.-nc* of Utoy Cret-k. by Ma-
jor John H Wiamrr-WUIUm M. Wllaon of Company K. In
Uccvtl lo Colonel H.p-man at Peaeh Tree Creek-RemlnlB-
crooc of IVi.h Tree Cr«-k, by Corporal John Shapland. Com-
Miiy I>-How • UclM-l Ij»dy cJul Kxen with the Major, by Cor-
poral John Kh-j.lan.l. r-mimny D-CuncludlnK Hemark«. by

. 507

ihr Hlaturlan..

rilAl'TKK XXXV.

Th* Xarraclve of My EmrajM- fr-.m the Confederate Military
Prison al Columbia. 8. C. NovemU-r 28, 1864. After Fourteen
Month*- lmi.rta^.nment. by Lieutenant William W. Calkins.
« -mi^any K

LLUSTRATIONS AND PORTRAITS.

J View of Lookout Mountain Battle Field 153

View of Mission Ridge Battle Field 1 66

/View of the 104th Veterans in 1888 327

>y Arnold, Lieut. S. V Co. A. 378

V Burgess, S. W Co. B. 389

y Brown, C. H Co. E. 430

y Bagwill, M. O Co. G. 458

V Brown, Corp. S Co. H. 470

V' Bane, J Co. I. 482

V Burkart, J Co. K. 496

/Conarroe, G. R Co. B. '669

y Collins, Capt. W. H Co. D. 415

V Clark, Capt. Thos Co. D. 415

>/ Clark. G. C Co. D. 418

n/ Calkins, Lieut. W. W Co. E. 430 & 506

V Conard, Sergt. W. H Co. E. 43a

V Campbell, H Co. G. 458

^/ Cook. Sergt. C. B Co. G. 506

v' Craig, aergt. W. H Co. K. 496

y Dyer, Surgeon R. F 373

y Daugherty, Sergt. F. M Co. F. 377

v Deegan, Corp. J. C Co. G. 405

V Doty, Capt. J. S. H Co. E. 430

V Dewey, Capt. R. P Co. E. 430'

y Davidson, Lieut. O. S Co. H. 470'

/Ford, Corp. J. J Co. D. 418^

N/Frink, Corp. W. E Co. I. 482

/Fitzsimmons, Capt. J. P Co. K. 495

V Favor, Lieut. O. S Co. K. 49T

,' Gage, R.J Co. D. 418

■/Hapeman, Col. D 367

/ Howe, Capt. G. W Co. B. 389

V Heslet, Capt. S. M Co. C. 405

Harrold, Sergt. W Co. C. 405

'^ Hills, J. M Co. E. 433

/Hawk. P. A Co. G. 458

/ Johnson, Lieut. C. M Co. F. 377

V Jones, W. M Co. G. 458

/ Kirkpatrick, Sergt. M Co, D. 415

I'Kain, W, A Co. E. 430

V Uw. M J

4 y

J y.
4 y

I I:

...Co. A.

377

...Co. E.

433

Co. H

470

. Co. D.

483

noo

...Co. F.

377

. Co. D.

41ft

Co. 1).

418

....Co. 0.

458

Co. K.

496

. ...Co. F.

49U

Co. E.

506

Co. G.

458

Co. A.

»77

Co. IJ.

388

. . .Co. D.

415

Co. I).

470

Co. 1.

482

Co. H.

889

('... H.

889

Co. E.

432

Co. E.

506

871

1 (

•rr,

105

( u. 1).

415

Co. I).

418

( O. I).

500

Co. I).

418

Co. E.

432

c.. n

470

( ,. K

496

i ... i .

405

Co. I.

482
800

(k». B.

405

Co. E.

488

C... K.

.( ... n

432
470
4^2

I .. K

45»6

('IIAPTEU I.

Remarks on the Impending Strugsle-The Fan nf tj^ . c

■i:.?;:;;r;, -H i=H;r ■"";!■"?"

WW i"iii« SC Vi",~ V',"'' - ""

tioii^ nf fi.<. TT • \^>-^^^^ DeiAveen the two o-reat see-

rv

• ii'Viiwwii ANI» F<»rKTH

,n rn-t.i.|.M»i of lilt >..iinMrii • oni.a.-rary, w.- iiuix
jUHih x^oiMlrr whv iIm- L.val ni.-ii of tlu- nation wtMr
not i;*H,iu.r iiroUMnI to a tnu- n-;,li/.aiion of tlu- uuan-
11... an.l pnriH.M-H of tli.- rouKi.irators. Hut when, on
tl.r. lltl. ..f April, isr.l, Fort Sumt.-r fell, the Hn.l.lrn
.';.,|.|H-aran.i- of a .omintMil fn.ni the ;:.M.;rrai.liy of
ih. w.rl.l toul.l not hav,. rauMMl j:nalri- suii.nsr ;iii.l
ftMir lliiiii »lul thin llnal Hl.-p anion- the loval .iti/ens
..f the liiioii. Their in.li^Miation was nnhonn.led. lint
tiM- insan.- .I.imI was .lone. Hy that aet, the most oiit-
nipM.iis \i-t att.-nipt.MJ. th.- Sontli op.nly an.l vn.lently
m-vt-nil thrir r.-lati.»ns with the I'nion. .l.liautly .lial-
li'iipil It to the wapT of hattle; ami inv.iked the clod
of liattl.-s an*l tlo- opinions of inankitHl as to th«' jiist-
Ui-%H of their eauKe.

Then iM'pin the greatest war of niiMhrn iiiins, if
not of all tini.-; on oin- side for the eslal.lishiiuMH of
uu in.le|M.ii.l.ni nation, of whieh, to use the laiij;uaj;e
of ll*« Vi... rr.-si.hin, Alex. II. Stevens, "Slavery is
to b*- the ehirf rorinr stone," ami. on the oilirr si.le,
for the prewTvation of tin* Tnion of our fatlu*rs in
all ItH national int.-^Mily. Hnt wli.> in the rarly days
of Isr.I fully n-ali/..d ihr meaning; and scope ol ih.-
im|M-iidin;: hi ni;:;:lr'.' Tin- North was slow to hrlieve
that till- South was in .armst, and, ev«ii aft«r the
«-lai«h of aniiM, that rtmipromise wuk impossible. rii<y
thoii^iht that, at all i-v.-nts. tli.' sup«'rior stren^Mli and
ri'Hi.urri't* of tin- loNal states would make the coiilt'st
n Hhort om*. and that a hatth- or two would de. idr in
ftt%*or of the riiioii. \V«- know how vain w<*re all ili<'.>>r
ho|M*M. The rlliiiax of Sumter arousi'd the nation. The
I»n-^id«-nt immtMlialrly ralhd for To.tMM) men f«»r llire*'
inonthH* jM-rvin*. Tin* pnMlamation was hai<lly ^iveii
fnilii the hand that immiiuhI it lufiue the rutin' iiiim-
!mt hail volnnteiTi'.l. and niatiy of them wrre mi their
wnv to tin* front. Tin* Hurr«*Hsive rails that follnwrd
ui-ri" tpitikly l\lh*«l l»y viduntiM'rs. mon*. in fa<t. hrinjr
teiidereil than wi'r«' nskrd for. Tin* South was iMjually
aliTt. Thiin, while twith Miden were niakiiifr the most
iitn|M'n<loiiM pn'paratloiiK for war, aetiv«' operations in

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 3

the flekl were ciii-ried 0.1 ovei- nu extensive territoi-v
more especuilly i„ the ^Vest. Those iu the North wh,;
piedic e,l the early defeat and collapse of the rebellion
were doomed to bitter disappointment. The "On to
Richmon.l" cry of a foolish and in.putient press soon
had Its logical resiilt in the lesson of ISnll Jtiin. There-
after we made haste slowly. The year 1S61 clo.sed
with .some minor advantages in the fiehl and a con
siderab e redemption of t<.rritorv in the AVest tlmt
res ored a degree of conhdenee.- The .-itizen a'rn es
had learned something of that military drill and dis
ciplme so necessary in the day of battle. In the East
nothing of importance had been done. A "n sterlv
inactivity 'seems to have seized npon the lea ler o^
her magnificent army, which lay inactive before the
qm leer g^.ns of Manas.sas, while the coveted pr.e

BifwinV ''■''" "^ ''"■ °« =^"'1 unattainable aslver'
But .with January, 18(i2, came a new era of ho„e -in 1
a welcome change. The battle of Mills, rii "s Kv
fought and won by (ien. «eo. H. Thonias' iufwf^t-'
e rn troops, was a decisive victorv, and the first vet
obtained The results were imooi. ant, as the enemy

wresteV? "'"?""'•'■ ■■' '••"•8'^ l'"rti"" "f Kent uc i
"rested from l„s grasp, and the rebel plans of cam

im.gn demoralized beyond repair. There was .^rent

rejoicing in the North, whilst public atte t on'w;*

ixed up,,,, the (ieneral who was destined to wn more

distinguished laurels „„ wider battlefields, andJo

leaZ: tfJer H -"f^" '-"V' '«-'> "' «" "'"'iniH ar '
leadeis. After this followed the victories of Fort Don
e son, Pea Kidge and Pittsburg J.audin, Bv t^ese'

™n..u?,re 7V"n?'''' ■"«''''"^" '" the Uni?:'
ine laptuie of New Orleans and some other sennoits

had been effected, ^-hile these results were of i 1 L-

tance, and reassured the North, thev were no Z

elusive, simply .serving to .lispei the cloud ofll^om

and disappointment that had settled down upon tie

Northern people. But with summer came rev rses

The Army of tlie Potomac, of which so mii ■ > w^^'

expected, had not taken the'rebel ca ti^ ts seven

I THK ONK Hl'VPHU' aM. K. THTH

tlllXHof l.aill.V »M-f..n. Kirl,.....MM. u.Ml llM- h.ruir li^hl-
M,:. or ilH M.l.lu-r.. ha.l iHfi. ..f iM' avail. IH- suaiups
.f ll„. nilrkalioiiiiiiv w.-rt. whH.-i,..» wnl. tlu- bon.s
f tl... Hinhi. aii.l .liwaM. xvuk .loin- a iiioif .ka.llv xvork
„ il... raiik», of thr liviiij: ihaii iiuiimt..iis battl.'s lia.l
aiiM-il. AfTain. in t Im- NN 'st xvrir at a slau.lslill. 1 In-
..ull.M.k wan iioi promiMii;;. TIm- n-Lrl rausr s.mmh.-.I
lo Ih. piiiiiiiu HtnMij,lli 111 hoiiir ami al.n.a.l. I m »i
,aii,ix aii.l alarm piwaiLnl anion- loval mm whilst
that ".-l.-nM-nt in tin- Noitli ahvavs oppos.-.l to tin- war
vx.-n- lou.l in ilH-ir asM-rtions, •Voii rauiiot ,on.nMr
III.- S«.ulli" Tliir* was tlw ...n.liti.Mi i.f allaiis in .Inn.-
Im;2. Il wan appan-nt to all that a .lisis l.a.l arnw.l
rtipiirin;: prompt ariion.

Hni thin |M-ri.M| of j:lo..ni ami .l.-spon.l.-mv .|uii ki.v
.|iwip|H-anil, an.la lirm.-r .Irtmiiination that thm-lH-l^
lion hIiouI.I not Irinmpli was maiiif.st. Th.- haii.ls «.f
|*n-Mi«li*nl Limoln wm- now iipli.*M ami stiviij^tlu'mMl
in a wav llial was MiMiiin-lv an inspiration. The
inij:l»tv voirr of ili.- I.»val nation foiiml .-xpn-ssnui
throiiuli iIm- <i«»v«TnorH t»f tin- loval statos, in th. ir
■ . lo liini of .Inly 1st. IStil!. ph-.l-in- am-w tluir
n-sonrr.-h of in*-n :iml mom-y to rarr\ on ili»'
war, ami aKsnrin^ him. in ii" iimrrtain t«Mnis. of tluir
nym'patlix ami il«-voiion to tin- raiisr. Thr ••IT<m t was
«-'l.i irirai. Tin- l*n*si«l«Mit's pio.Iamai ion rallin;.! f«»r
t xolnntii-rs f«»r tlir**** yrars soon folJowiMl.
in;: lM-;;an at t.m.-. ami .-v.-ry rm-r-y was hrnt
to IIm» urn- pnr|MiH<- of lillin;: up tin- tpiotas « allr.l for.
TIh* mil. r.imiii;: in tin- mi«lst tif harvrst. rails. ■<l iiiaiiy
to .l.'lay who intrmltMl to .Milist lat.r. .\u-iist Ith
unollM-r f.r.M lamati.in f.»r ".{mi.diMI mon" was issii«'«l
ami a «lraft \mi» onl«-nil. Ton ii.>w. tho pn'ssm*' of
hitiiK* •InlU'x Im'Iiij: ovi'r. vo|nnt«MMin- iMM-aiii.* rapid
ami tin* "Irafl wan onl«TiM| to Itr Knsp«'ml«M|. An a.l.li
tioiial imlm»Mm*nl wan ofTi'ml t.» v«»lnnt»'«'rs Ity th.-
lioviTiimi-nf pmvi.lin- lMinnti«'s of onr hnn.lr.'.l »h»l-
lani. Mam nlaii-s an«l •••untii's also voicl lnniiiti('H.
TlMtM> iiiilm>«'«l iiM'ii of famili<i« to rnlist wh.> lirf.nc ha.l
li«<«ilntiil. A» lln* monlliH of .Inly ami An-usl w.tn-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 5

away a vast wave of eiiTliusiasiii swept over the conn-
try. Re<^iiiieiits and companies were raised and ten-
dered to the Government faster than they could be
armed or cared for. Every city, town and village was
a scene of excitement, only equaled bv that of the fall
of Sumter. Business became of se<-ondarv importance,
and, (hiy after day, on the corners and public places
mio-ht be seen groups of citizens, representing all occu-
pations, eagerly discussing the war and encouraging'
those who thought of enlisting. Rut the main intei-est
centered around tlie little recruiting tent on the pub-
lic square, where "the boys" were putting down their
uames for "three years" or "during the war." Meet-
ings were held nightly at the usual jdaces of assem-
blage, where orators declaimed and recruits were gath-
ered to swell the mighty armies of the Union. S^)me-
times a company or regiment was filled in a single
day, and to overflowing. This is but a faint picture
of those exciting times which manv of mv readers wit-
nessed.

At last, when the ranks are full, come marching
orders, and the trying day of departure for the froiK
arrives.

"Ah! then and there was hurrying to and fro,
And gathering tears, and tremblings of distress.
And there were sudden partings, such as press
The life from out young hearts,
And cholcing sighs."

The relations that bind men to their homes and
families must be severed, perhaps forever. :Many wlio
enlisted will never return — never have returned. Tiieir
remains have long since moldered to dust on the bat-
tletields of the Rebellion. The majoritv are voung,
some in middle life, but all their hearts filled with'
high hopes and expectations, coupled with an under-
standing of what they enlisted for, and have sworn
to do, and of the chances of war, which do not cause
them, in this last hour, to regret or falter. Dutv and
patriotism alike call upon them. But there 'is no
excess of mirth on this last day. Here are o-athered

.Ni: in N1>UKU AND ForMTH

(IN.1,1 rouiiiiN ai... ...... Il»«-»r rflaliv»-s ami fiuu.is lu

,^»> fart-urll^ TIm- aptl iii..llH-r t^ivi-s lu-r <.nlv son,
>;. hupiH.rl ..f Imt .I.m lining' v.aih; tlu- wiff Ih r Ims
• !• il.r uiai.lrii hrr L.vrr. All of Um-s.. an- ivpiv
,1 ill ihr aKH«'ml.lanr. ami all f.^-l tin- H..lrini.iiy
^..•11. Thr iiiiniHUT als.. is tli.Tc to luvoUr
..f tin- (Jo.l of liatilt-s ii|Min th«»se >vlu» have
l.iiH lai.l lli.-ir livrs U|h.ii Hi.- altiir of ili..ir '"""yT;
1 In- lasl iiioiiH-iil arrivrs, Th«- .•.>lou.-rs loiiiiiiamK "fal
,1, •• ,^li.M^ alon^' thf lim-, ami, with proiul steps an.l
lirm M-l lips. xxhi. h Imt ill roiirt-als th.- emotK.ii Nvillnii,
!hi. iirw re;:iiiM-iit of voluin.-..|s iiianlu-s away from
lioiiic aiitl friemlK.

Surh a sr.-m- as this is only a \\\>r of many o,-,iii--
riiij: almobt .laily al th«- time of w hit li 1 write.

CHAPTEK II.

What La Salle County Had Done-The Organization of the One
Hundred and Fourth-Election of Field Officers.

hriP^v -''Z ^''''"' ^^'"^ ^'''^"^' '^'^^^ ^^■^'"^'^ Sketched
briefly m tlie previous elia])ter to uotc^ wliat was

transpiring- in La Salle County in its military relations
to the national cause, and to trace the organization
and narrate the achievements of a new reo-inient, the
One Hnndred and Fourth Illinois Volunteers, (-om
monly called the La Salle Countv Kegiuient

The times and circumstances that called it into
beino- were somewhat different from those existin- at
the beginning- of the war, when an insulted nation ?ose
in its might and the swelling waves of indignation
and enthusiasm caused armies to spring into beino- in
a day as by a magician's wand. Fifteen months had
passed and the holiday anticipations of the sanouiue
assumed a more sober hue in correspondence "with
actual conditions and the bitter lessons of experience
La Salle County had already sent into the field the
following commands, all either whollv or partiallv
recruited on its soil: The Eleventh Illinois, of which
Geneml W. H. L. Wallace went out as Colonel; the
Fourth Cavalry Col. T. Lyle Dickey; the Fiftv-third
Infantry, Col. W. H. W. Cushman; Capt. Cogswell's
Battery; Capt. Ford's magnificent companv of cavalry
—the two latter organizations forming with the Fiftv-
third what was at first known as Cushman's Brigade
There were also Campbell's, Henshaw's and Ilough-
taling's Batteries-later Capt. M. H. Prescott's, and
Company A of the Sixty-fourth Illinois, raised bv
Capt. (afterward Gen.) John Morrill.

These commands had proven their valor on numer-
ous battlefields, and their deeds illumine manv pao-es

» THK ••Ki: HTNI.in:!' ANT' roritTH

III till- iiiiiit.iijk III-.,..,, .., ,iM \\,-i.lll ailllirs UlltliT

<iniiif, Slirriiiaii iiimI miIum- roiiiiiiaiiilrrs. Km iniiiilM'rs
hail falli-ii. ami tin- mihi' suliil raiikK lia<l Immmi ili-ci-
uui!«-*l U\ ball If ami iliwasr. Tin* hnivi* ami ;:ifl«Ml
Wiillar** wai* iii> iiion*, and won*** «»f •mImt lirav** sons
«»f Iji Sallf <'«niiil> \vi«n- sIiM-piii^ lln-ir last slci-p mi
luiiiilifrii Ktiil.

Smli uaM tin* iiMonl u Ihmi «iiir |mm»|»|<' wm* auain
cull«*<l u|MHi hi iiiakf furihi-r sarrifui's. Aiioiln-i- i«'^i-
uifiit wa»* fall«*«l for fitmi La Salli- (oimiv. I'Ik
rf^|MiiiH«' wiiH |iroiii|ii ami lii-ailv. 'Pin- Ifii <oiii|iaiiics
Itiiil iMMaiiM* ilii'<Mi«' iliimlr«M| ami l■^Mll-tll iiriziiiifiil
iM'^aiii lo aHfiiiiiif r<»riii in tin* last davs of .hil\. ami
««•!*«• lilliNl ill Au^nKi. I'nrilHT on will In* ^ivni full
«li*lailM iif tlifir oi-;:ani7.alioii ami ni<MiilMM'slii|i. while
we will oiN'ak now of iln* material ami nioiale oT iliis
H|i|c||<li<l Imn|\ of liMMI, who, wiihoiil |ii-eiii«li<-<- to the
viMfran miMiers iM'fon* in<'nlion<Ml, iMM-aim' rclel»rate«l
for their valor on nian.v l>attleti<'lils. ami made the
eoiiiiiiaiid known as one of "the li;:hlin<j re;L;itiienls."

1'he men eoni|Hisili;^' the laiik and tile oT the < >lle

Ihindriil and l'*onrih did not enlist under any suilHeu
ilii|Mils4*M. TIk'V iindei*siood what war meant. The
illiiHi>e rliarni that envelops the soldier's lif«* had l»ui
little lieariif^' with the majority. They realized that
iioi only must they endure sepa rat ion from loved homes
and frieiidH, linl iiiust he pre|iared for privation, suf-
ffriii;;, woiiiidK and ileatli itself, when on. •• sworn into
the M'rvire. .Nejirix all Were of La Salle t'ouuJy hy
birth or ailoplion, while the ;:reater portion wi-re in
that fiioKt pmiiiisiii^ |N«riod of life, from seNrniecu iu
lw«Mityfoiir or twenty five. A very few had heeii in
the tlm**' iiMiiiiliH, or other servire, and were r«';:;arded
with r<MiHiderable awe li\ their i-omrades, who as yet
|Hi»<jMfuMi| ( rude ideas of military drill and disripline,
«ir Ihi* MliTli n-allthf* of a siddier's life. These niliv
die*! our eiirl> ramp firen with fairy tah*s «tf hair-
brejidlh eH<-a|N'f< anil warlike di*4M|s, well ralrulaled to
<*xi-ite admiral iiiii and reH|MMt. Nearly all iMiu|iations
niid prof«tM»ion«. wt-n- repn'senietl. then* liein^ not a few

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 9

ministers of tlio ^osjx'l in tlio ranks, three or four of
M hoin ^\ere ofilicers. These (h'terniined to ti<4l»t the
i-ebels with tlie same si>irit and zeal tliey had disjthiyed
in iiiiliting- the world, the tiesh and the devil, from their
puli)its at home, bnt with carnal, and not spiritual,
\\(Ni]tons. One of tlu'in, the loved an<l lamented Lieu-
tenant iiandolph, yielded np his younj;- life in battle
at Ilartsville, a eostly sacrifice to the moloch of
treason!

^Vhile all classes were represented in the Regiment,
that strongest and safest bulwark of our fail- land, on
which it must ever rely in times of trouble, the farm-
ing popnlation, contributed the majority of the recruits.
These swelled the ranks of the companies to the full
comi)lement prescribed by army regulations. And
the fact that the residents of all the thirty-seven town-
shii)S in this large count}' had relatives and friends
in the Eegiment explains why it ever held a warm
place in the hearts of the i)eople, who watched its
progress from the day of its departure to the front, a
thousand strong, followed it with their prayers and
blessings on long marches, through fierce campaigns
and battles, from the Ohio River, through Kentucky,
Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, to Savannah, ''This
day fair Savannah was onrs," — thence through the
Carolinas, to see its bullet-torn flag waving amid the
smoke of the last battle at Bentonville; over Johnston's
surrender at Raleigh, and on the Grand Review at
Washington, winning the plaudits of a half million
epectators until, at last, the mission on which the Regi-
ment went performed, the people welcomed the battle-
scarred veterans, in numbers less than three compa-
nies, to their homes and the peace they had helped to
conquer, the country and flag they had helped to save!

Such is a passing glimpse of the Regiment the his-
toiw of Avhich we propose to chronicle from its enlist-
ment to the day of its discharge.

B}' the middle of August it was known at Ottawa,
the county seat, which, naturally enough, had been the
rendezvous and headquarters of all the military forces

iM THK nVK HfXDUKn AND FOURTH

tiiMH I. II .». m liii-. 111. lifM fnuu La SalU* l'»»uui>. iliat
Ihr It'll oiiii|»aiiii*M wrn* imw iimuIx. willi a surplus in
»«tliif iif Ihriii. Tliii* fart wan l«-l«-;:ia|»lnMl lo iSovniior
Viihti, u lio onlt-nil ail iiiiiiii*«liair »»r;;aiii/.ali»tii 1«» be
rullctl tlt«* (iiii* IhiiiiinMl ami Fourth K<';;iiiu'iii. n.\
Kti|iiilatii»ii. llu" H<«l«Mtinii of lii'M oflij-iTs was l»fi it»
tin* I{i';:iiii«Mil. It iu-<il not In* su|»|M»stMi tlial tlu'ic was
tiiiv lark «»f tainll«lat«'H fur tln-st* iiiii»oriani olVicfs.

Ill pn-paratioii for tin* t-vnit thf followiii;; conipa-
iilit* ;:allifrf<l at Ottawa, tlif h'ttfn* ;:ivtMi iM-iiij; thoso
by wliitli tliry w«Tf «I«'si;;!iai«M| aft»T tin* or^aiii/ation:

('oiii|iaii\ A.l'apiaiii .laiiM's M. Loi^xliioii.

Coiiipaiix 1(, ('aptaiii loMir^^r W. llo\\«\

(*oiii|iaii\ t', I'aplaiii Saiiiiicj II. llcslct.

roiiipaiiv l>. I'apiaiii \\ illiaiii il. Collins.

( 'oiiipanx I). < 'apiain .lolin S. II. I >oi v.

I'oiiipaiix l-\ ('a|ttain .laiiirs .1. .Mi-Ki*rnaii.

<oiiipaiiv ( !, ( 'aptain .lojinsoii Misiicr.

Coiiipaiiy 11, ( 'apiain Lewis Ltitiin;:ton.

i'oiiipaii,\ 1. 1 'aptain John \\ a)ll)i;:li.

(*oiiipan\ K. I 'aptaiii •iiisi us \\ . l'a)uM-r.

An iiiMiMM ii«Mi of tin* muster rolls shows less than
thirty tiH'ii who ciilisttMl as fi-om oulside the coniity,
iiml. aliMi, that mon- than niiiei \ -tive \h-v <-i-nl cni-ollcd
their iiamef* l»ei\\«H'n the 1st and ir»th <»f .\ui:ust.

Tint**' eiimpainit*s. imw roneeiit latiil ai the (uunty
eapitiil for tin* first time, where they were (HuirteiiMl
leiii|Mirarily in the hotels aiml l»oanlin<^ hous<*s, at oixe

.It 1 1 .!• ti<| puMie inlereNt.

I III- lime lieiuti'ii the l.'ttli aiul L'ltili was iui|)r<)Ne<|
liy the iiM'iiilierN ill \arioiiH ways, siu-h as s(|ua*l aixl
eoiiipaiiy drill, ^ettin^ ariinainteil with each other ami

niliiparill^ lioteti oil till* impiM'lailt i|Uestio|is tif the
hour. Threi* prominent ramlidates for the ('ohmeh y
WfM' ill the liehl. .MiHalom It. .Moore, I Uiver ( '. ( Jray aiitl
William IL ColliiiM. Karh rlaimiMl, of cotirse, that h(>
roiiM lead the |{e^iiiieiit ill the paths of ;:loiv ami savi>
the r«iiiiitr,\ •|iii«keraiid heiter than an\ ImmIv else. Tlu*
timl iiaiiietl WHH n prominent |>oliiirian hohlin;; the
■ •nil •• of till- I 'III L ..r I !.•■ I'ii.iiii I'onrl and |{«Torder «»f

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 11

Deeds; he also had been a local preacher in the Metho-
dist Episcopal Church, a gentleman of ability, tine,
large physique, imposing appearance and pleasant
address, and was in fact a Aery popular man. The
second was one of the brightest, most learned and dis-
tinguished members of the Illinois and La Salle County
bars, had served with credit in the Mexican war, was
at one time a brigadier general in the Ohio militia,
and was, before the war, cjiptain of a local military
company, the Washington Light-Guards of Ottawa,
The writer, as a mere boy, remembers following this
command on imblic occasions through the muddy
streets, wrapt in profound admiration, and wishing he
was big enough to be a soldier and wear a bearskin
cap! The third candidate was not less able or less
popular than the other two, lived in the west end of
the county and possessed qualities well entitling him
to consideration. He had also been in the field as chap-
lain of the Tenth Illinois Infantry. There were a few
men in the Begiment who favored giving the Colonelcy
to some one of our La Salle County boys at the front
who had shown ability for high command. They said
we should have as Colonel a man of military experi-
ence, one who has smelled gunpowder if not lived on
it. Such were the candidates, but as the contest waxed
warmer William H. Collins withdrew in favor of Moore
and then the fight narrowed down to him and Graj',
with all the voting forces arrayed on one side or the
other. Two of these men are now numbered with the
dead, and the writer, who was one of the bojs, does
not consider it necessary to enter into the details and
merits of the short and sharp electioneering campaign
that preceded the election. As a participant and
observer he believes that each member of the Regi-
ment acted and voted, as he thought at the time, for
the best interests of the Regiment.

The result of the election was that Absalom B.
Moore became Colonel by a large majority. There were
several aspirants for the offices of Lieutenant Colonel
and Major, but it appears of record that William H.

i'ollniH was fliMiitl l.iiMiu-uani « .'|.>ipI. :iii<l .lii>nis \\ .
TaliiM-r Maj«»r.

<»ii .\u;;iiKi 27lli lln» Oiu« llnmlnMl and I'»»iiit h, Tol-
«iii«*l .M<Miri> ill niiiiiiiaiHl, iiiiininMl lo ilic «)l«l "(-"air
linnimlh" ami wan iiiiiKii'in>4l iiiin tin* s»*rvi««' <.r ilit-
I'lilliil Slalii*, "for tlinM* y««ai-s unless souihm- (lis-
rharj*!**!,** hv raiplaiii .lulm <J. r|irisl«»|»lnT, of tin- K**;;-
ular Armv, who ha«l roim* fiom ('liita^o f<»r iliis piir-
|MM««'. Tin* KiM'iif wan iiiiprcsKivr, as iIm* l{«*;:iiiH'nt «»f
licarlv «iii«* lliiMiHainl iin*n, iliaw ii up in a IioIImw stpiart',
t'Mik iIm* ••alli thai finally ImmhkI ihrni l** snvr ihrir
roiiiiirv, maintain jtml pioiiMt its < 'onsiii iii ion and
liiWH, ami nphohl its hun«»r and tin* "Siari'v ilaiiiDi' mT
fhf rn-**" rviMi nnto d«'ath. II«t\v \\«dl this iiiist was
iMTfoiiiHil flu* pa^rs »if this IxMd; will shnw. The fcn*-
inony ociMipitMl a ronsidfiahh* part mT the aftt'inoon,
IIh* mnHt«*rin^ ofllrrr in-in;; «hdav<Ml sunifwhai by
iiii-«>HHarv examinations into tin* fitm'ss of soim- .tf Hie
Miruils on arioiini of tln*ii' htin^ too (dd or too younj::.
Th(*r«* is no doiilii inn that a niniilM-i- of siirli niana^tMl
to H<|uc<>£«' llirou;:li *'l»y tin* skin of iln- icfth" as it
wiTi*. and that sonn* of tlicni sulisnuicm ly pi-ovcd thoir
rapatiiy as Holdi«*rs is within th<* writer's knowhMl^e.
Al lh<* roiiiliiHioii till* roiiipan,\ i-oniniMiidi I'i ]Mi-ii)it-
t«il many of ihi-ir mm to ;;o honir iniiil tlic lirst of
H^'plfmlwr ill order that they mi;:ht make iIiimI arr:in};t»-
iih'IiIh for a hui;: .ilisem-e. The t Mie Ihnidred and
l-'oiirth then marehed hark to the rity. the linn ^oinir
!«• their honii'H or «|nariers. no donhi with ii<u and
Ktraii^e fei'liii;:^ in their hearts when they ihoii;;ht of
lh«» tMTioiiH ret«|MinHihilities assumed, whii h w eie so
Nliortl\ lo M'parate them from home and its assoria-
tioiiH, and link their li\es with that of ihe sohjier.
Here we lejive f hem to enj«»y for a few more hours tho
iMH-ieiy of loviil oiii*M. nor will \\f vent ure to draw aside
Ihi' Hjirr*"*! Veil roiirealiie^' the fears and a^^oni/.innr sor-
Mtw of tlioM* Ml H«»oii to |m> ih'priM'd i.f father, hiishand,
or lover.

(ILVrTEli 111.

Flag Presentation — March to Camp Wallace — Scenes in the Camp
— Running- the Guard — Marching Orders Received — The Field
and Staff — Packing Up.

Oil Sei>teiiil)er 1st, 1802, the 'Due IIuiidrcMl jiiid
Fourth, piu'siiaiit to orders, marched to the court house
in Ottawa, and were presented with a beautiful silken
iiag' bv a number of Ottawa's j)atriotic ladi<'s. The
usual stirrin<4 speeches were made by i)rominent citi-
zens. Then the banner was unfurled to the breeze, and
amidst cheers and soul-inspiring- music the Kejiiment
took u]) the line of march to Cam]) Wallace, or the Fair
Grounds, which was situated two miles west of the
city on the banks of the Illinois. Cushman's Brigade
and other commands had been organized here. We
arrived in due time and assumed the regular routine of
military duties, so far iis we knew them. A thousand
men, fresh* from the pursuits of peace, could not be
expected to come under strict military discipline imme-
diately. The weather on this first day was perfect, and
consequently all were in high spirits. There were a
few tents, and these, with the buildings on the grounds,
were to be our quarters. The Quartermaster, Ed. Iler-
rick, was much in demand, and the first attack made
by the One Hundred and Fourth was on his stores of
provisions. The da}' was a sort of picnic, and Ave had
appetites to correspond. There Avas more or less fault
found with the menu and some of the boys resolved to
piece it out in town.

We had no arms or uniforms, but a line of sen-
tinels, armed with canes, was throAvn around the camp
to prevent free ingress and egress. An order was
issued from regimental headquarters that no one AAould
be permitted to lea^e camp without a pass duly signed

II

Ji. .»1»UK'' ^"^ '' »■' ''HTH

liv hiH roiii|iaiiy coiiiiiuiiiilfi- ami r.MiiiK i si-ii. <1 ii\ i In*
Adjiilaiit. TIiIk liiul lln-«-fT.M i »»f MUiinhiiif: like a ««»1(1
HlKtwcrlmih in .liiiu*. and «li«Mk«*«l tlio hmhIiihv on tlit*
IMirt of our nion- (luring; antl n-KlIfSs spiiii*^ i" *^««'1< the*
allnr«*nii'ntM of tin* i'it>.

TlH-r»* wiiH nior«- or Ii'sh «oiiipanv ami >tjua«l drill
that da>, >\ hirli alTord«Ml anniKfnuMii io nuiin*n>ns vis-
itunt, lx>tirniu{; to ctMik t»Vfr a iani|» lin* orcuidtMl con-
Hidcraldf linn*. Tin* first nij:lit in ramp will nrvcr be
forj:otii-n. Mnrin;; ilif da.v M-vt-ral l»»ads «d straw had
Imimi liauli**! in for our I»«mIs, and at nine or tfii o'rltnk
la|iH Hounddl for li;:lits t»nt, aftrr wlii«h «*v«*r\ solditT
wuM Hn|i|MiH4Ml to l>4> in liin litth* IkmI, pcrclnince to ilitaiii
of ^lor.v and his sw«i'l In-art,

< Ml Sf|»trinlH-r -d, tin- morning: was nslnM«'d in rarlv
l»v n-vrilif. Kojl-rall l».v tompaiiirs fojlitwcil. Tin*
ImMikfast and sirk rails wrn- nt*xt in order: xcrv frw
ni(|Mindin;; to tin* latter. Tlu*r«' w«*re many novel
K!ori«*s relatiil of tlie first ni;;lit's exju'rirmt'. 'Pin*
jond hiiorcrs who Iia*l disturlM>d iIh* sIuuiImm's of Hmmi-
roiimMlcs wen* H|»ott<'<l. (Mm or several of iIm- Imys
had run the ^nard line, and tin* nearest sentinels,
ignorant of their duly or for fun, had ;;one in imrsuit.
It is to !»«• inft-rred thai the runaways *';:ot' there" an«l
Hiiw their Kliza .lane, or obtained the sedut ii\e soda
water their thirst deiininded.

Then* was nimh «lrillinj; ne\i da\. 11 le lone ..f i Im-

rami* **"♦* more subdue«|. We knew that the maiehini:

- nii;;ht (-om«* al any hour.

I '• .'hi, lih and ."iih passed with ihe usual muud of

diitii'N and the aiiiionnr«Mnent liy <Vdonel Motuc of the

reri'ipt of orders to leave on the I'.fh for the front.

.Meant illie < 'oloiirl .M oore bei u ^ d issa t jslied with th"

eliiiioii of Mi-KMiH. r.iJIiiiK and rainier as Lieutenant
r«doiie| and .Major, refiiseil to abidi> b> their selertion
Hiid n (*onli*Mi artiM* over llit> matter whi.h became
I»r»'fly warni lM'lw«-in the line oRirers and < "ohmel
M«Hir«'. but was finally seiil.Ml. This done, the Hrld
and MlafT nI«mn| as fidlows:

(*.iliiiiil Vl.w.iloiii |{ .M«Mire.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. ^

Lionteiiant Colonel-Douglas Ilapcn.nn.
Major— John 11. Widmer.
Adjutant— Rufus c. 8te.vons
Quartermaster- EdM-ard L. Herrick
burgeon— Eeubeu F. Dyer.
First Assistant Surgeon— Julius A. Freeman
Second Assistant Surgeon-Thomas B. Han ilton
-Non-eommissioned staff- ^»«iimiTon.

Sergeant Major-Q„incy D. Whitman.

Quartermaster Sergeant-Asher D. Gibson.

Com. Sergeant— Austin H. Fowler

Hospital Steward— John W. Cuppv

Principal musicians, David McCampbell W'm K>-,v

t. Slider, of Company K, was appointed Hosnitn
Steward and Rev. W. 0 Scofipld riin..io- ^i*>*^Pital
later by W. C. F. Hempsiead ^^^^^P^^^^°' succeeded

The Lieutenant Colonel and Major were at this timo

hadriirr' '^'"^ ^^ ^^^ ^^-^^^^^ mimis T "v
?rot S mt^/T privates at the sound of the first g^ n

ration'fif f)'^^-^' '"^ ^""'"'^ ^'^"'^^'^ ''^^^ «Pent in prepa-
rules and discipline were relaxed "omewh^'' r^f"^

msmmm

bein, ,.„„„., „„r depart^^'^.^LedVo-^ne r'irro,"

tC THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

livitt aii«l frii-ii«lK raiiic fnuii all |>arts of the rouiitry
to iM<«* lilt* l{«'piiii«Mit i*fT. Aiiii«l all (lii* rxcitfiiifiil and
iiM*rriiu«*iii an wril, tlu-n* AVt-n* many s«»|mt fa»M*s and
Mill licarlH ill (III* Kc^fiiiiciil. A lar;:c iiiniiImt must be
|iariiil fmiii faiiiilifH d<*ar !«• llifiii. It mi;.'li( !><• \\\o
Uitit iMirtiii;: ill (iiiK world, and so it proved to \»\ for
iu ilirtf kIioi-i niontliK, lifiy luaM* mm i>r iIm* < Mu*
lluiidnil and roiiitli lii\ dead or mortally wmindtMl
on tli«* Itatt li-lit-ld. Till- yoniliful soldifis. of w liom the
\vril«T wah •hm*. lonKidcfiMl tin* ma Iter l«*ss sniousjy,
iiiid wen* impatient to In* iiiovin^. The majority, born
an«l raind in rural lift*, had hitln-rto i-ujoyrd \y'V\ lim-
it til op|Hirtuniii<>h for iravi*l and si u<l\, and if 11 Uc l hose
tif I he writrr, tln's** were ludy «o-»*xt«*nsive wiili the
etiiinty. Thrn* wan a lon^^in;; to k«i* tin* «;r«'al world
lM\vond. inlcnnixtMl with patriotic impuls<'s, bui that
duty and patriotism wen* abo\<* all oiImt i-<>ii>«iil< la-
(ionn no on«- but a skeptic ran doubi.

At hiht darkiifSK sett led d<*wn on t'amp Wallace.
Tli<*«-amp lir«*s burn low and only a few linger around.
Tin* majority hav«* sou;:hl their downy «ou«ln's of
Htrau ! To niorr«»w wc marchi

CllAPTEK IV.

Leaving for the Front — Arrival at Camp Holt — Getting Settled
— Issue of Clothing and Arms — Drilling — Removal to "Camp
Brickbat" — March Over the Ohio — Buckner's Plantation — Grand
Review — Exciting News — March to Louisville — Camp Wilder —
Work on the Fortifications — Killing of Genei'al Nelson — Presi-
dent's Proclamation — Under Marching Ordeis.

The spirited notes of tlie reveille, ^M-lioiii^ tlinttiiih
Camp Wallace oii t^eptember Gtli and revcrbei-atiiii^
over the placid waters of the Illinois until lost anioiii;-
the wooded hills beyond, aroused the sleei)ing sohliers
to the fact that the day of departure had arrived. The
coinniahd from orderlies of companies, "Fall in for
roll-call," Avas obeyed with more alacrity than usual
by those present In camp. But it must not be for-
gotten that the spirit of restlessness under restraint
still ruled strongly the heart of the volunteer, who^
could not quite relinquish that independence of thought
and action born and ingrafted ui)on his soul when he
first breathed the pure free air of his prairie home.
Therefore when some failed to resi>ond to the call of
their names, the cries of "arrest him," "put him in tlie
guard-house," and other complimentary remarks,
shoA^ed an appreciation of duty as well as a sense of
humor. All knew that the absent ones were improv-
ing the last opportunity for a lark in toxAii, or were
spending the night Avith friends, and wouhl join their
companies as they marched through the city. At ten
o'clock the encampment was broken up, the assembly
sounded, the One Hundred and Fourth formed in line,
and, preceded hy the drum corps, at the word of com-
mand, moA^ed off bA^ the right Hank toward the Rock
Island depot, Lieutenant-Colonel ITapeman command-
ing. Colonel Moore was sick, but joined the Regiment
at CaniD Gilbert.

II THE ONE HrNDKKD AND FoL'KTH

Antlu* I{«-^iiin-in iiiairrluMi ilin»iij:h tin* slH'«*ts llnm-
wiikIh virwtil llu'ir iiro;:itM<s iiml rluMTfil iIhmii on.
Arnvliij; af tin* «I««|miI a i«»iij; «lrlay niKiU'tl, wliidi was
iiii|in«v«il ill f\rliaii;:iii;; hiht words with fii«'ii<ls, but
llifH* waK an absfiirr of Ifviiy, all ft-riiiij: «l»«' sfiioiis-
iMiMt tif tli»« luTaxioii ill a ;;n'at«T or I»«ss tU'^nM-. Tin*
ciiiluirraKKiMcnt was tiiuillv n'li«*v«M| \t\ tin* arrival of
llif iraiii. TIhmi hasty j;ooi|-|iyrs \\■{'V^' saiil, tin- lasl
i*arii«T<f ItMiks fn»m fai-r to fatr soiiir to br rrjicatrd
iH'ViTiiiort* wrif ;;iv«*ii. and tin* Kr;:imriit fihd on
iMuinl. At luHt thf whistif blew, and, amidst rhm-s
and waving: of haiidkcrrhirfs, the <Mm- Miiiidr*<l and
Fourth wan iarri«*d raiii«ll.\ away.

For a tiiiH* sil<*ii<-<' |ir«'\ail«Ml ainon<; all, fach bcin;;
busy with his own thou;;hts, which w<'r«'. no doubt,
fix***! oil the frifiids and scenes left behind. Hut this
wiiH so<in broken by stor\ and sonj^ from ihos<* liilaii-
oils spirits whom sadness lould not lon;,r restrain, and
ih«"«'rf Illness reij;iied a;;ain.

From Ottawa to .F«di«M. winii- a iransfer was made
t<i tht* nitofT for Indianapolis, the Ke;,dnieni was eiit Ini-
Hiasiically receive<l in the towns and Nillaues by clu'ers
aiid words of welcome from the peo|)|e who had
lH*iir<l of ||i(> Hew K4*;:iiiient. The journey, atiei- having;
*I(di«'t. was thr«iu;:h a dismal and thinl\ setih'd coun-
try, with t««\\ns few and far bet w«i'n, but now tin* nov-
«'lty and e\rit«'nient had worn away, daylij^ht fa«led
into ilarkiieHH, and each std«lier, having; satislied the
waiilH of the inner man from his liaversa«U, prepared
to pass the ni^ht as best he could, «'iiher in his seat
«»r on the lIiM.r in the aisles. The wiiter remembers
slii-piny soundly and sweiMly in Mm- laiier |M.siiion.
I>a.\li;.'lit on Siiii<lay. the 7th, fonnd us in the capital
of Indiana, but only ii short time was spent there, and
tlie train iiioviil mi a^ain.

At niaiiy town» we passed iliroii;:li iht- |HMip|t>
ftlmweil plainly tlieir Hympaihy for the laiise. ami

«% iHlieil us "t iod s|m««m|.*' ihoKe .if Se\ Ulour beiu" UUMSU-

nlly ctirdial and K'^in;: the b..\h all the apphs, p.a. ins,
I'lr^ they eiinid eat. The da.\ linall,\ diew i.. an . n.i.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 19

and at dark the Regiiiient reached JeffersoiiviHe, and
quifkly (lisenibiirkcd, much wearied with the loni; ride.
Here an order was received to march out to Camp Holt,
two or three miles further. The Regiment fell in and
at nine reached the designated camj), which was found
to be situated at the Falls of the Ohio, about two miles
below ]x>uisville. There were no tents or (juarters of
any kind for us. Naught was to be seen that afforded
a prosi^ect of shelter except the native forest, through
which we caught glimpses of the Ohio glistening in the
moonlight. AH this was romantic and beautiful, but
hardly what we expected to see in a military camp.
No doubt many a soldier, as he lay down that night
on the bare earth, thought of his own comfortable bed
at home. Without much ceremony the soldiers
wrapped themselves in their blankets and retired to
the land of dreams. Fortunately the weather was
warm and dry, and very little complaining was done.
Thus closed this Sabbath day's journey, which had
been a novel experience to many in the Regiment here-
tofore accustomed to spending it in their homes and
churches. We began now to realize that there are no
Siinda3'S for soldiers.

The rays of the sun had scarcel}' penetrated the
encampment on the morning of the 8th before reveille
called the Regiment to duty. After roll-call many or
all repaired to the river to wash off the stains of travel,
and in the meantime breakfast was being prepared
by numerous cooks. The companies had geneially
divided up into messes of greater or less size as suited
their convenience. One or two, however, tried the plan
of having a single table for all, several men being
detaile<l to cook. Company E employed a civilian for
a time, but a little experience demonstrated that all
schemes except the small messes were failures. The
early history of our cuisine would have puzzled and
amused the ladies at home. To the soldiers, thrown
suddenly upon their own resources, the ])roblem of how
to best accomplish the results sought in the simplest
and quickest manner was one to Avhicli they gave much

to THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Btiiily wIh'U lime iMMiiiitttvl ami rations were pU'iity.
Viicfe Sam ^iMuTally i»r«»vi«UMl wfll for his Imys, ami
tliev soon h'armMl h«»\v to ov«TroiiM* llu* iliflicult i«*s in
tlif way.

Itrt'akfast in i'ain|( I lull In'iw^ over, various diHirs
fullowtMl. Sirk tall ami details for y:uar(l ami police
Wen* iiiatlc. Tlit'ii raiiic rtunpaiiy ami s<|ua<I drill in
tli«' for«-noMii and hailalion drill in tli«' aflcrnoou. The
Intervals wt-n* <*mplovfd l»v iIm* nn-n tosuit tlu*msrlvrs.
AftiT invfsli;.'alin;; ( "aniit lltdl many prornird passes
iiiid vlsittnl tin* n«'i^lil»orin;^' farnn-rs who had ;j;ood
onhards. It may In* sarcasm to say tln*y wtri- wfl-
conn-«l.

Tin* (irst day in rjimp Molt was, from the novelty
of tin* snrroiindin^^s, rnjovalde. No more perfect
weather could have been desired, alheit pretty hot at
mid«lay. \N'e stood on the border land between fnn^-
dom and slavery, and could st-e just across the river
**OU\ Kentucky," the miserable neutrality state, which
had bet'ii tryin;: so hard to ^et out of th(» Union, or
else to be allowed to remain neutral, Imt, as Senator
Stephen A. I>ou;;las said in his last j;reat spee<h at
the lM-j;innin^ of the war, '•Henceforth there can bi»
!»ut two parties in this country, one for the Tnion and
the other a;:ainst it,*' so this slate had been c<unpelled
to fall into line on the ri;;ht side by tli«' |U-oiiipt artiou
of her citizens, who, in lar^'e majority, reiiiMiinMJ Inyal
and true, assisted by I'edi-ral bayonets.

Kuniors today that (Jeiieral Bra;;;; had be^nin his
advanee into KentiirKy excited the camp, tienernl
Kirby Smith, w ith a lair;:e rebel for«-e, was also rej»orted
to lx» within a few mih*s of t \»vin^ton- -op[M)site (Mn-
f'innati. Thene reports furnished a sid)ject for thoui;ht
and s|MMiilation by the camp tires in the evening. Hut
while the r«*be|H NeiMutd to have the advauta;;e, it \\as
known thiit <ieneral Kuell, with the .\rmy of the Ohio,
hnd pUKftcMl NuHliville, and was runinn;; a rac«» with
Hnici; for I^minvllle. The new re^jiuients had beei»
|MMiriii(; into the city for days, and they, lo^rther with
rilifllN pH'MHed into the Service, had huilf .v I .iisi \ ,.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 21

eai'tlnvorks and foils. In this exciting- condition of
affairs the Ivegiment eagerly wished it had tlie neces-
sary guns and ammunition so that it might take part
in the anticipated battle.

The One Hundred and Fourth remained at ("amp
Holt until the 14th, engaged in drilling from four to
six hours per day. Tlie weather continued fine, but
the days were unusually hot. During the week tents
were obtained, also uniforms, arms and e(iuipments.
The latter were not satisfactory to the men, but, after
a vigorous protest by the officers, better ones were
furnished. All of these things being obtained and
issued by the Quartermaster, that gentleman was sub-
jected to considerable vigorous criticism, all of which
he appeared to receive with affability. The tents were
the "Sibley," and each large enough to hold from fifteen
to eighteen men. In appearance they resembled the
Indian wigwam of the story books. There was an
opening at the top and a fire could be made in the
center in case of A^ery cold weather. When the tents
were full of men, lying down, their feet would radiate
from the center like the spokes of a wheel around the
hub. The clothing issued consisted of dark blue jack-
ets, sky blue pants, blue overcoats with capes, woolen
shirts and socks, cotton drawers, and blue caps. Some
of these were made of shoddy and caused much cuss-
ing of everybody supposed to be responsible for them.
Each company officer received his quota, and the boys
at once began to "shuck" their store clothes and don
the new uniforms. This proceeding proved highly
amusing when a very tall man stood arrayed, not like
Solomon exactly, but in a pair of pants about a foot
too short, and a coat reaching to the waist. The out-
landish little cap completed the ensemble, and the hero
was greeted with roars of applause, which he enjoyed
as much as any one. However, by dint of much trading
and the use of the tailor's art, all were fitted reason-
ably well, and at last looked more like soldiers.

The stay of a week in Camp Holt was productive
of much imj^rovement in drill and military disciplino,

t: Tuy iivr nivftuKi" -\Nr> fdL'RTH

uikI iIh' li«-iiii«iii .»!>»<• at <niiif<l some kiu)\vlo(l<ro ahoiit
iIh- H4iMi«-i*H lift-, lik«l\ i<» l>«* iis»*fiil.

M«*aiiiiiiic tin- lu-wK fnmi tin* fr«»ni thai Hra^^ii's
ariiiv hitil lM*hi«';ittI Muiufonlsx ilk* was coiilirmt'tl, aud
<|niii»iH wrn* I'Xpntiwtl wIh'IImt CoIoiu'I \ViI«lt*r, vom-
iiiaiiiliii^ thai |N»st, wuiiM !>«• al»h- \*> lioM tnit until ic-
n«-v«Ml li\ Itihll.

KviMitH sti'iiiiil to Im> hastt'iiiii^ aii<l th<' si^^iis aiotniil
t'aiiii» Holt iiiiliiatiil an rarly i'«'!iioval of tin* IJ«'i:i-
iiH'iii. Thfi'rfon*. whiMi oil Sniiiiav, th«* 11th, afl<*r ih<'
usual «luli«'s ha<l Immmi ]H'rfonii«Ml, iiithhliii;; iiisprcl ion,
an i»nl«T «aiu«' «linMiin;: iln* i{«-;;iiii«Mil to \u- ij-ady to
iiiarcli at ihmui, ii«t ^;n*al Kui'|>i'isc waK shown. The cam]*
at oiirc assuiuiMl a iMisitT apiM^afaiico than usual, ami
all wfVf rn;ja;:«M| in parkin;; up, loadiii;; ua^Toiis, and
in various oiIht inaltrrs. At twrlvr tin* l{«*;;inh'nt
iuovihI nut, followed bv thr t fansporiat ioii. 10v«ry
Mddirr wiiH load«il with all In* fould carry, and, as it
was vrry hoi, many sulTi'ml srv«*rcly. It had Ihmmi
aiinounr«*4l that th<* luairh would Im' a short om* (»r a
(*-\\ mill's, hut, as no halt was made, thosr "frw miles'*
provtil to Im* Very Ion;;. Sonu* had lo slop ami ri*st,
niialili* to «'iidiirt' it.

Aftt-r passiii;r ihrou;;li .IdL'isonvilh' I he lic;:ini«»nt
llnall^ halh-d a mih* furilicr on in tlio siiliurhs, and
tiM.k poKHfssion t>f an old brirkvard. Thr jdar*' had
Imi-u I'litirt'ly di'iimh-d of inTsaml prcsonicd anythin;^
lint an inviiin;; appi-aram*' rompar<-d wiih the sylvan
''hadi-s of ramj) llo|i and lh«« Ih-auiifnl t>hi<t flouin;;
l»,\ its sid«'.

It haM ln«oii Miiil that "iuIkimw lovfs j-onipanx," aii<l
ih.n-fon' it wjiK ^'ratifyln;; to ohsfrvc thai tin* i'i;;litv-
iir^l, Ki;;hty-s«M«Mid, and Ki;;hlys«'V«'ni h Indiana ha«l
Imimi plantiMl in the saim* plastic clay near us. It
h-arned that the Om- Hundred ami Fourth had
l.«-«-n hripi<le<) Willi Iln-He re;;imeiitK, and that (Jemral
niirl»rid;:e, a loyal Kentuckian. coininamled the whole
for«i-. The remainder of this Sahhalh day was fullv
orcnpi.ll in piichinu the tfiilK and clearin;; away som'o
,.f il... l..i. 1 . ....... lik.-Iy lo init-rfere with tlu' sle.'pin;;-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 23

places on the groiiiid. The «liiy had been one of hibor,
and all were tired enoiinh to retire early ex('0])t tliose
(h'sirous of atlendinii,' the prayer meetini;.

The liiirbrid^c brigade remained in Cam]* (lilberl
— or, as the boys more aptly called it, "Camp lirickbat,"
— until Wednesday, the ITth. As often happens, how
ever, it was denioiislrated that a vast amount of experi-
ence could be actpiired in a short s)»ace (d' tinu^, an<l
that of the One Hundred and Fourth did not prove
an exception. The broad exposure to the sun was
annoyiuji', and our greatest necessity, water, had to
be brought some distance. The constant moxiui:,' about
of nearly lonr thcuisaud men within a limiied space
of sncli character kept the dust in agitation and caused
it to settle down on everything, to the discomfort of
the men. It was noticed that the Indiana regiments
showed less concern about the matter; their appear-
ance seemed slovenly and was commented on by the
boys, but a few days' personal experience modified their
opinions.

rom])any and battaliiui drill with varions other
duties fully occupied the time at ('am]) (lilbert. When,
on the morning of the 17th, an order was issued to be
ready to march over the Ohio at 9 o'clock, its announce-
ment met Avith applaus<', Xo one seemed to know
where (U' how far the command was going, but our own
imaginations supidied the want of definite informa-
tion and induced the belief that we were to be led at
once against the enemy. Every soldier examined his
musket more closely and gave extra care to his car-
tridge box and accoutrements. Finally the tents were
struck and the wagons loaded. A number who were
sick reported to the surgeons, but as yet the list of
these was small. AVhen the assembly sounded the
brigade fell into line, and, after a short march to the
wharf in Jeffersonville, Avas slowly carried across to
the other side by two steam ferryboats. Tliis opera-
tion occupied considerable time, several balky mnles
in the train or their green drivers causing a delay. P>ut
at last the One Hundred and Fonrlli stood on the

SI Tin; «».m; m.M'ici.n a.ni' i > >\ !;iu

Kiu-nnl Koii of till* Soiitli iiiul vifwt'tl tin* iifw ami
Kiniiip* h«fni*ti jiImhii us with iiiirivsl. Konniuji in
liiii", I In* iiiairtli wiiK Ih*p;iiii tlimii^h the strtfts of l><)uis-
vilh', hut ihrn* wrn* no wi'lmlnin'; rht't-rs fr«»ni an
f'iip*ran<l h»wil iM-oph* ;;raih*ful (m I hi'ir (h'livt'rcrs fioni
nihiinifv: no National Ilajrs lh»aiin^i from thr house-
lo|»H. Fr\v white |MN»ph* a|»|»carc<l, whih* thr Ithnk
|Mi|Mihitioii lin<*4l the siih'walks and iiciTetl fioni ihr
>\in«h»u>i. Thf ritv was unth-r ih*- iron «iias|) of luar-
tiail hiw, anil sentries walktMJ t ln'ir hrats nu every sti*e<*t.
I^uiisville IiikI het'oine a vast ariueil eanip. Thousainls
of siihlirrs jiml iiupi*<*ssi-«l riii/iMis wei-i* still at work «la\
ami nij^lit mi tin* th-fmsfs. Tin* l*i*«»v«»si Marshal eom-
|m«II«mI all \\hil«' iiiah- riti/.fiis ImMnximmi the a;:«*s of
eij;litifii iind foft ylive t«» «lrill «'V«*ry May or pi to jail,
n rej;ulalion that eaiiseil a ptod «loal of s(|uiriuin«;
anion;; tin* disloyal ehMiirni. It may In* iuf«'rred that
as tin- aniiiMl h*;;ioiis of tli«' (iiiou mar<-hed alou^ the
Htn-i'ls of th«' lM'h'a;.'urrfd riiy siii^iu^ ".lohu HroxN n's
IhmIv li«*s niouldi'iin;; in I ho ;;ra\o, iiut his soul j;oes
luarehin;: on," and otloM* patriotic sou;;s, those who
|miks4'knimI tender ffelin^is on tin* slavery «pn'siiou did
n«>t luivo their admiral iou for "^'aukee" soldiers
InrreiiKeij to jilIX (ofisitleralde ext«*ni.

After passing; throu;;h Louisville and luarehiiiy; out
Into the roiiiitry some tlire«« ndles the hriyade went
into riimp on the plantation of the rebel i^n'ueral. Simon
n. niiekiier. The ample ;:rounds in front of his larjre,
line hrirk ret*ideiire made jin aidiniralde hivoiiar for i lie
Ite^iiiienl, whose ideas about surh thinj;s were yet aes-
lh«'lie. No phi re could have bei-n more |o\ ely ; t he beau-
tiful ^in-i'ii lawn hlo|M'd ^'ently tlown from liie house,
and was covered with a scattered ;L:f«»wili of nobl«> oak
and \HHt'U tn'i'H, under the shade of whii h we lerliued
when not oil tint v. A stone wall laid in moriar. with
an lr«»ii uaie, encloKeil the ample i,'rounds. This was
oiii fii-Ht view of 11 typical Southern manor, the idt»al,
tiMi, of one of the inoHt aristocratic of the slaveholdin};
rlilvalry. and fiiniisheil a Hiibject for much reflenion.
Klranp*. thai while Ceiieml Simon ltoli\er |{iirkuer

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 25

by the courtesy of Geiieral Grant and President Lin-
coln was enjoyino- the lios])itality of Uncle i^am in F(»i't
Wari'en, the Reitinient slumhl be eni;a<:,ed in liuanling'
his property while incidentally guests upon his lordly
estate!

Truly, the lines had fallen t»> us in jilcasanl places,
made more attractive by the warm balmy air and the
hazy atmosphere peculiar to this latitude in autuuin,
so that to live in it was life and health. When night
came no one missed the tents left behind, but,
wrapped in their army blankets, the men lay down on
the velvety green lawn with the starry heavens for a
canopy. «

The succeeding live days were passed in this place,
known as Camp Robinson, which acquired also the
soubriquet of "Gamp Grasshopper," from the abun-
dance of that festive insect among us. Drill by com-
pany and battalion was zealously pursued. The
depressing news of Colonel Wilder's surrender on the
ITth, with several thousand men had reached us, and
it was feared that Bragg would be thundering next
at the gates of Louisville. Some rebel prisoners
brought in from the front increased the runu)rs and
excitement in camp.

SVIiile in Gamp Grassh(q)])er many of the men, in
anticipation of hard marching and tighting ahead, sent
home their surplus clothing.

The quality of the rations issued here caused a mild
tumult one morning and led to some very vigorous
measures as well as language on the part of some of
the companies, who, shouldering the objectionable
bacon and "hard tack," proceeded to interview the
Quarternmster. Before night an exchange was made
for sui)plies not liable to Avalk oil' without notice.

The brigade had its tirst review on the 21st by Gen-
eral Burbridge and presented a splendid appearance.
The spectacle of nearly four thousaml men drawn up
in battle array, with all the ])omp and ])ano]dy of glori-
ous Avar, performing military evolutions, their burn-
ished arms flashing in the sunlight, was well calculated

St THK «>NK Hl'NDHKD AND FoLKTH

IM awakt'ii \>\'u\i' n\u\ «Mitlinsijisiii. AftiM- ii*v*u*nv, w liirh
«'los«tl iib<Mil Miinl«»\vn. ih.- K«'j:inn-in iii;iitlM'«l t<> qiiar-
terw ami bn»kf ranks for tin* «l:iv. AiiMthi-r Sunday's
dutli»« had Immmi iMTfoniMMJ and tluM-viiiin-; was divtded
to lUi' uKual ramp ^lossip. \vritin«r I«-(trrs, or prayer
m<*«*(iii^.

Tlir ruiiiors lo whirli \\v luid Immmi irt'Mird <'Vtiy diiy
lMi-aiii<* iiiort' fxrliin;! on tin* in«»rnin;; ol i lie L'Jiid. Mui •'
n-lM-l jirisoni'rs. said lo havt- ln-rn taU<n only hii or
lUtti-n niilfs out, had Im-«-ii l(ron;:hi in, and sonic of our
**inuh' w harkrrs," who always smnrd to haNo ihf lirsi
lU'Ws, ii«|M»rl«il ihr a|»proa<h of Hra^r^^'s advantc Tlio
Ktorifsdid not ;:ro\\ U-ss in siz«* hy tilling. Al^^" >l't* fact
WHK K<Nin in»t«'d that all tin- «onnliy |MM»ph', white and
bhu'k, wi-n- ll\in;: in hast*- towaiil Lonisvilh-. 'IIk-
aftir»»Haid tranistfi*8 r«»ntirnM'd this disrowry. Uui,
though tin* day passed withonl tlu* Ho^nni«*nt luin^
ralh'd sndth'idy to prrpar** for action, it was rxcitin^
enough to k«M«p all in inonn'niary rxp<'rt:il ion of sonic-
thin;: new and startliii;;. and when at ni;j:hltall t'oloncl
MiHin* iiTciviHl orders to march the Keuiim-nt ha« k to
I^Miisville, it was construed to mean thai the enemy
ctinld not he far away.

Ahont 1» o'clock the march heiran, and after strik-
ing the main road it became a|>parent that many otlnM-
forci-M were also iakin;r the same direct ion. Tlie <lelays
rauHiMl b\ a blockade of tin* transportation were fre-
ipient and very lires«»me. Company K ha<l been de-
taib'il UH Vi'iir ^nard, which was consiih-.ed an honor,
iiM fmin the Hl;;ns a ti;;ht or adventure of sonn* Ixind
promising ;:lory was not nnlikely. IWit notjiin;: more
exciiin;: than the capture of sundry stray cili/ens and
ne;:roi-H happ4-ned, and these were taken alon^ as
tni|diies. At 2 o'clock in the moniin- the Kr<jiiiient
arrixiil w iiliin the defenses and lay do\\ n to sleep on t he
breaHi wiirks. < Ml the morn in;: of the l!:{rd the Iveuimeiit
went into camp jiisi below a lii;:li blulT on the easiern
ontnkirtH of the city, in a location surrounded by |»ack-
itiClioiiMtt and tumbledown tenements. .\ dirty s;|ou;:h

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 27

emitted offensive and disease-breeding odors. The place
was called Camp Wilder.

We saw no more of the Indiana regiments and the
One Hundred and Fourth was temporarily uuhrigjulcd.
It was learned that General Bragg had declined tiie
battle offered to him on the 21st and 22nd, and had de-
flected his army further east toward Lexington, where
he could gather in more supplies, of which his army
stood in need. He also hoped to gain many recruits to
his ranks from the Kentuckians. The aggressive cam-
paign of the enemy in Kentucky had ended, as with
General BuelPs veteran army ami the .~)0,000 new troops
in and around Louisville further operations of an offen-
sive character would prove disastrous.

The startling peals of the "long roll" at 3 a. m. ou the
24tli, aroused the regiment from its slumbers. This
meant to fall in at once, first, however, falling out of bed
in double-quick time, if by courtesy ground floor privi-
leges could be so called. There w'as a hasty donning of
overcoats, arms and accoutrements, after which the
companies formed on the color line. The Regiment
being aligned and having come to an "order arms*' and
"rest," awaited further orders. When at last daylight
appeared the companies were dismissed to their quar-
ters. It was learned later that the order calling us u]) so
early emanated from the commander of the I'ost of
Louisville, and was intended for purposes of discipline.

Our tents, left behind, did not arrive until the 2r>th,
just in time for a change in the weather. The Regiment
for several days sent heavy details to work ou the forti-
flcations, which extended along the hill southeast of the
camp and ran through a lovely cemetery. It seemed
like sacrilege to thus invade the city of the dead, but
military necessity often compels many things to be done
that seem cruel or unnecessary. "Inter arma silent
leges."

While at Camp Wilder the One Hundred and Fourth
received calls from several Ottawa citizens, among
them Sam W. Raymond, Thos. J. Wade and Richard
Thorne, all of whom had relations or friends in the

r Tli.. - -w. HUNDRKl' AM< Kt'fUTH

K*'i;iujrni. ii iM ikhmIIi^hk to miv that >v«' wovo jrlad to sec
llifiii.

Tlu* Ki'^iiiKMit h|K-iii ilifiii;;ht of tlirL'oth ou the color
Jim* umltT ariiiN from «laik until daylifihi. This was in
olKilifurt* tt» aiiothiT tU'iU'i* fnun hi*a«l«|uarters, and
MnMuiiI HiMiM'li'Ks rnoM^h, fsiMM-iallv as th»* lurn luol
wurkiMi all «lav in ihf trtMuhos ami wen* ontitlfil lo n-si.
Our ideiiH uf {^luriouK war lio^aii to Ih* of a less romantic
fhara«'tt«r as wi* camo far** to fa«M' with tlu' coM liai'tl
fails.

On tho nnirninj; of tin* L'sth rumors w»*rt' (irculair.l
that tlu* K«*;:iin«'nt would leave soon for the fioiit, wlii« li
nieaiii atiivi* scrvi«*<* in tin* field and suite*! oiii- itl«a>
Ik'Hit than Nxoikiu;: on fortilitatious. It was also
d(*tiniti*l.v settled that the Ue;:inn'nl had heen assij^ned
to the Thirty iiinlh Brigade, Twelfth division, Aiiiiy of
the Ohio, Tolonel (1. 1', Liinher;:, of the One llundfovl
aud Ki|;hth Ohio, had Immmi appointed to command the
brigade, which consisted of the ( Mie llundiH'd and
Fourth Illinois, One Hundred aud Sixth and One Ihni-
dreil amd Kichth (Miio, the two latter heinjj; (ierman
n'j:iinents partially oi-;;ani7,ed. (len^ral I'3. l)iiiin»ni
commanded the division.

The •♦\« iiin;: event of the L'lMh was the sliootin^^ of
Ueneral Nelson hy tJeiieral delTC. Davis, in the (lault
HoiiM* at lionisville. Itoth were distinguished Inioii
^Jeiierals. When the fa«ls liecaine known ]tni>Iie
opinion justilied the latter.

Major .lolin II. \N i«lmer arriv«*d to-«lay, and was
warmly we|conn'<l hy a s«'renade in the eveniuLr, wliich
ende<| in pMHTal kimmm-Ii inakin;:.

The hri^'jide receivd marcliiu'j orders on the :;(iili.
and from then until the :{r«l of n«io|ier was held in
nMidin<*KM to leaiveat short notice, the tents heinj; struck
and camp <i|uipa;;e packed every morninu:. Meantime
tluMiKands of tmops were alreadv mo\ in^ out. Ueforo
we U'ft the pro« lamation of rresldein Lincoln in re^^ard
to fn-i-in^ the nlaves in the rehellious state.-s raine to
hand and met a»« a pMieral Ihinj; with approval lt\ the
men. Many. like the writer, had enlisted not to "freo

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 29

the nigger," as the phrase went, but to save the Union.
However all must have foreseen the logical outcome,
and no doubt came at last to accept it as right and just.
At all events new hope and vigor seemed to be imparted
to the men.

Late on the 2nd, definite orders were received to
march early the next morning, and we settled down to
spend our last night in Camp Wilder.

< iiAi'Ti:i: \.

IXAvlns Camp Wlldrr— A lUrU Maroh— Arrlvo at Shelhyvllle—
Conftiwair' WaKonit— Atti'ini't l<i Hct-owr Contrabamln— March
t.. Krnnkforl -lUmy H.-trcat of the Rf«>eli»— Colonel Lin>»».rK''8
Arrt-m— 4*<.in|»«ny K Ralmm a Klaic— Wild Ctooiie Chase After
M-'fjun— Mttrrh t" Itowllnir <JrtH>n— SufferlriK l>y the Way—
ArrtvMl n( li^iwllnx ••n-t-n— Review and Speech by Gener-
al R<>M^-ran»— Thirty-Ninth Rrlgade Detached— Colonel Scott
A*«umr* Command.

Ill roiiKtMUHMM*' of onlt'i's nMM'ivtMl lull* tin* pn*vi«»u8
uijclit. to Im* r«*ji«lv to iiijircli early on the iiiornhi^ of Oct.
3, tin* hovM t iiriMMl out in'omptly at tiie souii«l of reveille
aiitj fell ill f«»r roll call. Aftei- an early breakfast the
lent.-* were siriirk, kiiapsatks paek«Ml aii<l all the prepa-
nilioiiK iiiiule for marching. The wajj:oiis »»f each com-
pany wiTe loa«le<l to their full jjipacity, containing;,
lMt.i»leM caiiip e«|uipa;:«* ami commis.sary stores, a ^oo«l
niaiiy knapHacks of tin* men, but still each soldier had
a heavy h»a«l to carry, including' his musket and forty
mniHlxof aiiiiniiniiioii.

All liein^ rejuly, ".lor" soumled the "assembly," the
< Mie 1 1 II ml red and I'oiirih formed in ranks, and, march-
ing out of t'aiiip \N ihh'r, was joined by the rest of llie
brigade on the blnlTh. We then took up the line of
march on the turnpike leading' to Shelby ville, K«Mitucky.
The H|HMiacle befMi«- iiur ey«'h uas inspiring:. We saw in
llie diNiaiice Ion;; liiien of infant ry and bat teries of art il-
IiTV, all f«dlow«*<l by ininieiise wapm trains coniainini:
ratioUK and ainmnnliion. '{'here was satisfaction in
thi* tiion;:hl that we were m.w a part of t his errand armv
of nearl\ .vti.non men imirchin;: to ih<> from. Th,. ,i;i\
wai« tine of natiire'h lovelieht. only too h..i. 'rii,. roads
wi*r«* ilimty, ami we hooh HiifTfriMi from want of water,
wliirh. on acroiinl of thr Ion;: drou;;ht, was low in iln-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 31

wells and streams — braiiches as they are called iu the
South.

After a short halt at noon for dinner, the march was
resumed, but not with the same quick step and buoyant
spirits as iu the morning. The knapsacks were becom-
ing heavy. By nigiit a number of men had fallen out
and did not again appear until the next morning. The
trouble lay partially in our attempts to carry too heavy
an assortment of goods, such as extra shirts, blankets
and notions of various kinds. As the day passed many
of these extras were quietly left by the roadside. The
author, being much given to writing, left a deposit r>f
fine stationery as his contribution.

When night came and no halt was made all had
becfjme so footsore and wearied that to march was
I>ainful. But there was no resigning in this war. The
order was still forward, and not until 1 a. m. was a
change made. We then turned into a blue-grass side-
hill pasture by the road, and in ten minutes probably
every soldier had found rest in slumber. The writer
recalls with gratitude how that, as he was just about
going off to the land of dreams, Orville L. Moorhead, of
Company E, came and gave him a drink of cordial from
his tlask (I think that was what he called it and it pro-
duced cordiality). This gallant soldier fell soon after
at Hartsville.

Footsore and more or less weary, we awoke before
the sun on Saturday morning, r)ct. 4. A thousantl little
fires made from '^secesh" rails lighted up the early land-
scape. A thousand tin cups, each S(ddier carrying one,
contained the fragrant coffee of which Uncle Sam fur-
nished a good article. This, with bacon and hardtack
from the haversacks, put all in good sj)irits again.

The march was resumed immediately after break-
fast. Looking back upon the deserted bivouac, and be-
yond to the rear, the ground was strewn with numerous
discarded articles. One would have supposed that sev-
eral second-hand old clothinti- stores ha<l been cutted
and the contents scattered around. The vultures wi-vo
behind us scenting their prey from afar.

B THE ONB HUNDRED AND FOIIITH

Tlu* Mvi ion of Kfiitutkv tlii-oii;:!! wliiili \v«* inari IumI
wuM hijjlilv tuliivatiMl. ViiKi ulainaiious ixiiii.leii in
eviTv tllrtMtloii. Tlif lar^'f rt'HMloiucH ami mj^ro quai-
t€»r8 t>ii KoiiM* tif tin-Ill lo|«| (»f wralili ami coiiiforl. Hut
Ui-raMioiiailv \v«* pasKiMl l««ss iinMriiiioiis lioiisos or tlu*
log liiitM «»f tlif **iMM»r wiiil*' irasli," ami the «oimasi
wiiH an iiiarkiHl as tlu* «lifr«'n*mi' in tin* iMMipU'. All of
Iln-M- tliinjis wrio fl«-\v to us ami of surpassing' inteivst.
Wf wiTt* iHMoiniii*; iMliicatrM in !u«»rf wa.vs than on.-,
Illid In a |ir:iii i< ;il injiiiin-r, i III |Miv>iIiIi' to IcaiMi lioiii

iMHiks.

As ihr sun UK'Uiitrd 111 tin- /.<iiiiii wi- lM';^an »<» I'l'fl
its ffTiMts. I'liusrW to colli iiiuous iuar»hin;x, luany «;av«'
out. < MoikIh of (lust ami sranit v of water a<ltl<'<l to tlic
•llMromfort. A f«'\v of tlu* Im»\ s, imu-e dariiiL: than others,
iiiaiiapil to slip away, ami p>in;; to nei^'lihorin;^ plan-
liitioiis iontisral«-4l several N\a;:oiis. which they luou^ht
up ami loaded with knapsacks, thus relieving many ol
thi* men. After dark we continued on in silence until
II o'clock, when Shelhyvllle was leached, and we went
into camp m-ar the town, having marched thirty-three
miles since leaving; Louisville. A pari of DuMnuil's
division nMiiaiiied at or near Shelhyville until \N edues-
cliiy, (Vt. N. The One Hundred and rourth enjoyed iIm-
r«*Hl very mmli. Those who have read "I'mle Tom's
Cahin" will reinemher the vivi«l scenes therein picture<l
of this place and its pi^iple in tin* days of slavery. We
found it a small, ramldin;: villa;;*', in which iie;;ro»>.
miMutMl to pnilominate. \N'e learned that most «»f the
whites were rebels. As <'aptaiu Leii:hton remarked.
*'ll is a very secesli pla<e." When our hoys discovered
tliiK they coiiclud«*d thai a Utile cont rihui ion in the
Hlia|N> of turkeys, chickens, hom-y, etc., from the lioiiies
of the iiolde citiy.eiiM, now mostly in the Kehel army.
uould he an appropriali- lesiimonial of our esteem
Tliereftipe many a fine ;;oldder, intended for the Christ
iiiiiK home miirket, found his way into the mess pans of
the One flundreil und I'oiirlh. It is true that p-iieral
orders did not Ham lion fora;;in;; of this kind, on the
rontniry forhade it, hul ih.- im-u com Imhil ihai om

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. SS

enemies ouj^ht to feel son^e^vhat of the consequences of
their Avicked rebellion against the government. The
Unionists were left untouched or else were paid for what
was taken.'

The days at Shelbvville had passed most pleasantly,
though we were in expectation every hour of orders to
march. Reports that large forces of Rebel cavalry were
within five miles of us tended to keep things lively. It
was certain that wandering too far from camp miglit
be dangerous, as every white man was a spy, or likely
to be one, and shooting from ambush was a common
occurrence. It Avas learned that General SilFs division
and part of Dumont's on Oct. 7, met and drove the
enemy under Kirby Smith, from Frankfort aud occupied
the town. These forces constituted the left of BuelFs
army, the bulk of which Avas on our right, and numbered
eight diA'isions — ab(mt 00,000 men in all. If Bragg could
haA^e been brought to bay a battle Avould haA'e occurred.

In pursuance of orders, we resumed the march at
noon and were in better shape, as each company had an
extra mule team to carry the baggage. These Avere con-
fiscated from the rebel citizens hereabouts and caused
much commotion. With them were numerous contra-
bands. About the time we set out, and after moving,
the OAA'ners of the aforesaid goods and chattels put in
an appearance and tried to gain a hearing from Colonel
Moore and other officers. Some, more bold than others,
tried to snake out the contrabands, Avho kept close to
the ranks, but they little knew the temper of the men.
At once an order passed down the line of the regiment,
"Fix bayonets!" A citizen had grabbed a darky from
the rear of Company A. Sergeant Woodward, of Com-
pany B, being near by, broke his musket OA'er the rebel's
head. This demonstration satisfied the gentleman, and
thereafter Ave had no more trouble. The march con-
tinued all night, but was made with comparative ease.
Just as the first gray streaks of dawn lighted up the
eastern horizon on Oct. 9 the Thirty-ninth Brigade en-
tered the environs of Frankfort, where the turnpike we-
had traA^eled came to an end on a high bluff overlooking

U THK ONK Hl'NDUKD AND FOURTH

ill.- iit>. \N li.i-Iiii;; l.» tin* \rU tin* hriy:a«lt' wout iui»»
«am|» jil«nij; its lunw . ;;liul l«» !»•• allitu «m1 |m irsi aft«'!' 1 h«'
loii;; iii;:lil iiiarrh. 'VUv l«Malioii was «;raiul. Inn siihjrct
to suiiH* iiiroiivi'iiitMicf, as llnTc was iim wati-r to b** had
iifurtT tliaiii tin- rivtT, u ton«iih*falilr ilisiamt* away.
TlMMffon* tlir «o(T»M« aiiii hn-akfast w«-r«- lair. It Ix'in;;
HM'crlaiiitMl thai wt* woiihi rmiaiii in tin* pn'snit loca-
tion only ti'ni|>orarily. tln*«lay wass|M-ni in rrslin«;an<l
inakiii^ short trips in tht* viriniiy, an<l to tin* hridp* ovi*r
tin* rivfr. whirh was ;;iiaril<-il. iMirin;; tin* <lay in*WN
arriv«il that a ;:r«'at hatih- ha<l Immmi fon;:hl tin* May
|tn*vionsat |N*rry\ilh'. part irnhirs not known. We now
li*arn<il th<' fa<*ts in rt';>ai*<l to the occupation nt I'lanU
fort liy our troops. It appeared that whrn oui- < avalr\
forcfs Mn<lil«*nl\ rntrrtMl tin* town a p«»rtion of t'lrnnal
Kirhy Sniii h's romniaiKl. all nnininilfnl of t lit- a {iproa ch-
in;; storm, were linsil\ cn;;a;;«Ml in the plc;isinLi <<ic-
niony of inaii<:ui*atin^ Dick Hawcs as ilic *K<iMl I'l-i
\isionar* tJoNcrnor of Kentucky. But while thus em
plo\»Ml they were sn<hlenly ami rmlely interrupted l>y
tin* blait* of the I'nion cavalry lMi;;les ami the io;ir of
lomlinont lied cannon planted on the very site of our
pn*sent camp. Ilawes and his rebels barely had limo
to escape b> the back dooi'. ||is address t<» the "I'ree
and patriotic people «d Kentucky," as he called them,
wuK left unlinisheil, jind thus ended the brief ri-iun of
Dick Ilawes. As one of t he boys reniaikeil :

"If HO Hoon li«' wnH i|on»» for,
What In thunil«*r wan hi« l>oKun for?"

Our iinpreHKions of I'rankfoit were most favoraith .
The blue waters of the Kentucky liNer tlowed by in a
half «irc|e, and on the concaxf of this Ia\ the »itv, a

phice of fi.ur thousand | pie. nestled in aiiionj: ili.

hills, I'ui-ther back bluITs from iw.» humlred to fom
InindnM] fii-t UmU rose in terraces, and were i..\.i, ,1

with pine, cedar and b h. Down below our camp la\

the Kentucky riv.-r. valley. Ibr,. was the luMiie of
Daniel IImmh... the "Pioneer of Kentu«ky." This was ih.
dark an. I '•' 'x MMuml. maile memorable b\ maii\ a

REGIMENT ILLINOKS VOLUNTEERS. 35

fierce contest between the early white settlers and t heir
Indian foes.

When at night-fall the camp-fires of tiie One Hun-
dred and l<\)urtli were liiihted on the blulfs many a
soldier lingered long by their tiickering blaze to medi-
tate on the day's experience, and later, wrapped in his
blanket, to dream of the historic scenes now before him.

The One Hundred and FiMirth arose early on I lie
lOth, fr(Mn the coucIk'S of fragrant c(Mlar boughs, and
just in time to see the snn crowning the hills in wreaths
of golden brightness. During the day the regiment
moved camp to the south eml of the bi'idge in the valley
where the tents were })itclied and ])repa rations made
for remaining some time. Drill ancl the ivgular camp
(Inties were again inangnrated. Company F, under the
command of Lieutenant Wni. Strawn, Avas detaile<l to
guard the capitol, and from all accounts the l)oys had a
g(M)d time in the legislativ^e halls. Other companies
went on guard duty at various points in the city and
vicinity.

It had noAv become definitely known that Bragg and
his army were hurrying out of the state, leaving, how-
ever, ^1 organ's and Forrest's cavalry to cover his rear
and hover on the flanks of our army, which was pur-
suing.

While in Frankfort a good deal of sensation was
caused by the arrest of Colonel Limbc^rg, commanding
our brigade, on the charge of "horse-stealing"' doni^
while enroute from Louisville. In consequence of this
Colonel Moore, the next highest ranking officer, as-
sumed command of the Thirty-ninth I^rigade and estab-
lished his headquarters in town. Colonel Moore imme-
diately a])pointed Captain James M. Leighton, of Com-
])any A, One Hundred and Fourth, as his Assistant A<1-
jutant Geufn'al. Lieutenant-Colonel llapeman took
command of the regiment. The rest of the week passed
quietly, and the fine weather with our pleasant sur-
roundings were enjoyed by all. On the 11th, a part of
the One Hundred and Fourth, with detachments from
the One Hundred aud Sixth and One Hundred and

TH I- ' ••'^ ' ■ " ' .s 1 -li t .1 • A "^ '

iiKTH

Ki;:htli. u.n-MMit iu.|..f..ml a l.aiins ulii.li l.a.l Immmi
ilin-at.-ii.ll Willi alia. k. I.ni ii was u..i iiwul.-.

Th.- writ.T ami a Uw ..iImi-h .m Siin.lay. tli.- l-Hi.
w.-iit I., visii 111.- !...auiif«il .•.•iii.-t.-iy ..ii il».- lilutls ii.-a.
III.. riv.T ll.-n- n-^» «»"• n-iiiaiiis ..f many r.-lcbrated
K.-lilu.kiaiis. Slal.ly sl.afis ..f n.ai hi.- aii.l bioii/.- . ..ni
ii„Mii..ral.- III., naiu.-s aii.l .I.^mIs ..f li.M.ii.-. flay, < al.l
w,.|| «-..|..ii..| K. M. .I..hns..ii aii.l ..lli.-i-s. Paitinilai l.\
iioli.V.al.l.' Hixiv f.-^'i lii^l« >M»^ ""* iiiMiiinn.M.t ly
ro|..ii..l .I..I111 .1. Ilanliii. win. f.-ll in M«xi«M win!.- l»a.l
iiij; an inin..iK r.-;;iin.iii. N«-ar by w. n- srv.iit.Mii n.-w
ma. I." ;;rav..s ..f s..l.li.-rs wli.. ha. I fall.-n in llu- pn-s.-nl
tinhappv war. Tli.y u.-n- unmaik.Ml l.y marl. I.- slab!
Wlial aVMiitrasl was |.n-s.-nl.-.l b.-l w.mmi ili.-s.-aml iIk.s.-
\..n.l.T in ih.-ir "spl.-mli.! mo.k.ry ..f marbl.-!" \\ ..ary
aii.l iniNlitativ.-ly \\v n-lurn.-.l to .ami. as tli.- rays ..f
th.- M.tiin;; snn li^'lit.'.! \\\* tin- K.ntn.ky liills.

Th.-.-v.-nt ..fill.' i:?lli.al i.-ast f..r t '..mpany i:. was a
tla^' i-aisin;;. Tliis .MmiiMny, fioin fi-.'.|ii«'iil dulv in iIh-
.ily. ha. I lM-.-..nn- w.-ll km.wn to tli.- liiioii < ii i/rns, an.l
lln.y iiivi!...! rapiaiii I».»ly ami hism.n to raise th*- Stars
ami Sirii».-s on a m-w stafl" lln-y ha.l j.rovi.h'd. Ai th»'
ji|.lM.ini...l h.tnr ih.- rompanv was .-scortcl bv a band
..f innHJ.- ami a .l.-l.';ralion ..f s.-v.-ral liun<ir.'<l la.lirs an. I
^..ntl.-m.'ii l.» Ih.. pla..*, w h.-r.- ( ojoml Dt.tv inifiirbd
th.' Starrv llanm.r I.. Ih.* br..../.' amidst h.-art.v rhit-rs.
'rii.-n .lu.lj:.- S.oi! mad.' a patriotic sp.-.'.h, b.llow.'d l.y
Ih.' v.-m-rabl.' tb'ii.'ral L.-sli.- Coiubs a hero of two
wan*, wlm was pr.'s..|il al Ih.* batth' w h.-rct 'olon.'I .lohn-
Hon sh.ii Ih.' trr.'al In.liain .hi.'f. T.'. ums.'li. Aft. r souk-
fnrih.'r pal riot i« .-x.'r.is.'S th.' ass.'inbly disp.-rs.'d and
i '..mpaiiy K man h.-.l ba. k i«. ipiart.'is. proud of tin- pan
il ha.l lak.'ii, ami th.' warm pla< .• »'\id«ntl\ scmn-d in
III.' h.'ariH ..f rraiikf..rrK |.»yal p<'opl<-.

NNhih- III.' Thirty iiinlh |{ri;:ad.- was t Iimn pli-as mi 1\
Mitnal.'.l ami .hiil> improviip^ in drill, onr roinrad.'s in
till* Ib'l.l w.'n* man-hill^ .»n in liop.-s ..f ov.-rtakin^ Hi- :ii:u
b.'f.m. h.' .•.•nhl ..»«ap.' into 'r.nn.'ss...'. (Min-ral Ilmll
having; Imi-ii .liHapp.iinl.l in this, or.h*r<d a rom «iil ra
ti.m ..f hiH army at Howling r,n'.*n and Na>.li\ill<' ami

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 37

iIi(Mliff(M'('iit divisions \v<m-(' ])iit (Miroiile for those points,
TiK'Twcinii Division stili remained at Frankfort await-
ing- other movements and that of General iSill, south of
ns, then inovino- to fJlasgow.

Nothing- of iin])oHance disturbed the traiKiuillii y <d'
the Thirty-ninth JJrigade until the ISih, when a report
coming in that Morgan was raiding with his eavaliw
around a little place called Versailles, fourteen mile's
distant, we were suddenly called ujmn at J) \>. m. to get
in pursuit, wiiicli we did in h(»t haste. After a tedious
nuirch we riniched Versailles at 3 o'clock on the morn-
ing of the IDth, but the enemy had tied and the Brigade
bivouacked until G, when the march was resuuKMl xo
Lawrenceburg, thirteen miles further. But we were
again too late — caused by a shot tired at the enemy by
our artillery. They left behind a wounded horse "^and
some supplies. As it now became a])parent that the
attempt to capture cavalry with infantry would be
useless, the Brigade was marched back to Frankfort
where it finally arrived, tired and hungry.

The warm autumn days were disai)i)earing and the
nights becoming chilly. During our stay at Frankfort
many attachments for tlie ])lace and ix'ople jiad been
formed, but the a])proach of winter ma<h' us anxious to
hear of marching orders for a warmer climate.

By the 25th it became known that Bragg had es-
caped from Kentucky through Cumberland (Jap. (len-
•eral Buell had not been able to catch up nor bring on a
battle, but was pressing forward toward Nashville,
Avhere General Negley had been left with a small force
Avhen Buell marched to the relief of Louisville. It now
became imjiortant to i-aise the siege of Nashville, Avhich
had been unsuccessfully attacked by the forces of For-
rest and Breckinridge from Murfreesboro, as it was
anticipated that Bragg wonld hurry forwai-d additional
troops, via Chattanooga, in ho])es of capturing the city.
There was in(li<ated to us in the various movements on
the grand chess board of war an early nmrch of Du-
mont's Division, therefore, when, on the 2.")th, orders
<!ame.to be ready to leave at 8 the following morning,

» THE C>NK HiviiUhli a N" I • lolKTH

no «»in' wjiK Korrv. Tin- \\«:iilni liau iiiriUMl vi-rs to|<|
ami KiM.w hail fallen l«» lln- «l«'i»ili «»f srvnal iiirhrs <lnr-
iii;: tlir I'vciiiiic.

Tln'Tliiriviiiiitli llri;:a«l«' was ast ir rail v on Siiinla>
tin* '-'tifli. Tin* air was rhill.v nii<l lln* «laiii|> snow iinulr
iiM ftfl mit oiiifnrialil*' an w«* wrn* «Mi;:a;:«*«l in pat kiii^
ii|i an<l loatlin;: lln* \Na;;oiis, 'I'liosr ronlisralt-tl ai Slul-
hyvillf \\r jiroiMimMl lo tak<* alonn, hut iln*ir owin*rs lia«l
followiil and th'nian«hM| their i»ro|MMt\, thriffon' with
nni« h pfhi* «an««' tliev wen* ^iivrn u|>, with a ffcc <'X-
|ir«>HHioii of opinion in i«*;;ai<l to thr trndt-i im'ss of oni'
«»fli»ft> for tin* rrln'l ownris. No inon- atioinpts w«M(*
niaiih* to rcrovi'r the contrahainls in «atii|). an<l it was
well, as tli»-ri' woiihj liavr li»-«'n op»ii wai- <»ii this
(|ii<*stion.

At H o'rjork lln* iiifantiv, aiiillory antl cavaliy of
Ihinnuit's division wm* in lino, tho hn^io soninlnl the
"forwanl" ami, with hamis jiiayin^ an<l t!a;:s llyin;:, wo
iiiair«-h«*4l awav towani tho south. (»iii- lonio for ti\o

inilos la,\ o\or a ;: I t ninpiko innnin;: ahm;.' i he hi nil's

of flu* K«*iitnrky riv«T. tliosronoiy \\as;:raini. ilio iroos
Iwin^ tovommI with snow. whi«h ;;list«'nc(l in iho sun-
li|:ht with ila/./Jiii<^ hri;:htm*ss. Knt \\«* soon stinck a
iNNtfor roa«l iIii'oiim|| ;i ihit. ilonsoiy wooth**! rountry
ofTorin;: no variot\ of sroin*iy. ami, as rxny man was
fiirryiii^ from forty to lifty ponmis, tin- lomanroof war
lH*;;aii to he loht si^ht of in tho lahorious task of march-
in;;. I'ow honsos w oio passotj. an<l I ho loiiiiiry iMM-ano'
of a ronj^loT rharartor. In tho afloiiiomi wc niarchod
lhnMi;:h a Hmall lo;; hainlol rallo«l "Koiiuh an*l lo:oly"
wliirii Ufll iloKorvoil tin* minio. huth on a<-<-onnt ol tho
cliiirartorof tho lMiihlin;:s ami tho |M-o|»h.. a fow of whom
viMiluro<l to HJHiw ihonisolvos on tho siroci.s or at tho
winilowh ami «loors. Wo passoil thron;;|i La wromoitnr;;
towiinl ni;;ht. ami ;:oin;: fonr milos hoyontj haltoii ami
HiMil into rsinip li\ tho roailsiilo at 7 p. m.. t iiod out with
lln* ila>V loil. i'ori nnaii'l> tho wa;:on train arrived
HiMMi. tho li'i^tH uon- pill hod ami tho rations cookod.
AfliT MupiMM- ami ronr«i« tho ramp iiKKuinod a li\olirr
apiHMirami-. Imt all u.-ro ;;lad to koop noar Ih.- tiros, for

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 39

which tlio cliestnut rail fc^ices furnished ujood uiatoriall.
The l^rij»a(le had marched eighteen miles, and iis en-
durance had been somewhat tested by the heavy h»ads
carried, as well as by new and ill-fittins:,- shoes, and th<>
entire chaiij;e from ail that we had been accustomed to
at home. When the cami) tires had burned low and the
last story had been told by those choice s])irits whom.no
fatiiiue could hnig deju-ess eacii sou<j;ht his hard couch
and restorinji' sleej*.

Uefore daylight on the 27th reveille called the One
Hundred and Fourth to another day of toil and hard-
ship. Tlnne were many stiffened limbs and maimed feet
in the regiment. Some also had been attacked with
troubles arising from change of diet and water, and the
unnatural strain put ui)on tlienu The Surgeon sent a
number back to Frankfort.

Having tirst brace<l u]) Avith coff'ee, hardtack and
bacon, the march was resumed at half past eight. The
light snow on the ground made the walking difhcult,
but wf' pressed on until the roads or "traces" through
the woods became so bad that frequent halts were made
to fix them for the ])assage (»f the trains. The country
Avas much broken. Now and then a small clearing with
a log house came int(> view, with the inevitable darky
or some poor white trash, all looking like r<'lics of a past
age, and seemingly in harmony with the wihl natural
surroundings. Sometimes our route lay through dense
forests of chestnut and beech, where, during the halts,
an abundant harvest of nuts was gathered, but the coun-
try seemed to be mostly covere<l with scrub oak and
brush. After thus toiling on all day a halt was ma<le
at night near Chaplintown, the distance traveled being
only eight miles, pretty good evidence of the difticul-
ties in the wa}'.

Our route on the 28th was over a bndven and hilly
country until late in the afternoon, Avlien there was
some improvement. Frequent halts were made to rest.
We camped at night in a lovely beech grove on a hill-
side, where, notwithstanding great weariness, the
woodland scenery was so fine as to attract our atten-

40 THE ONE Hl'NDHED AND FOl'HTH

litAi. Tin* (lav's iiianli was iiiinltrii iiiilts. (Jiiitr a
iiiiiiiIm'I- wi'n* shk, lli«' writer anion;: iIhmh. ami Siir-
^i*«in I >>«•!' ha<l Ills liamls full oT itaiifiiis.

NNi* sri out "Ml lln' 'J'.Mli ill •:«Mi(| >jtiriis aii<l n\t'i- a
IwlhT roati ItNiilin;; l«» Hanlsittw n. Tin* rcuiimv iiii-
|iniv»'«l as \v«' advaniMMl. Om- rations, »'S|MMiallv iimmI,
wviy ;;»Mlin;; sln»ri. AImmH Walk wi' «ioss«'(| Kollii);^
Fork, a small siirain, an<l went into ramp near Hanls-
lowii. All Wfir fool sort' ami wrarv. Afit-r our arrival
nitions of frt'sli lMM«f wiTe issm^l to tin- li»'i;iim'nt, a
4|iiart('i' lo fairli comiiany. Our a|i|MMii<'s wen* lavon-
4MIS, an<l as fast as tin* Imm'T roiiM Im* a])|)orl ioiicd
anion;; I he messes it wasrooketj ;ili*l eaten with a lelisll
known only to the liiiii;rrv. The |ni\ile;:e of letiriii;;
early was im|»ro\e«| hy most of the men. Ion the wiitei-
aiml soiiM' others ha<l to work nearly all iii;:lii on tlio
pay-rolls, an or<ler ha\in;; lieeii issued to make them
out at oiire. This was not an a^^rocahle task after our
Ion;; iiianhes, with no tables exrept tin* liar<l-tark
boxes, no li;:lits but ramlles, ami knapsarks for%;eats.

We resiimetl the luairli eaily oil the .".(Mil, ;;la<l to
Icavi* the rust,\ looking; ohi town an<l its hai-*l looking;
]KM»p|e. Tin* line of niarrh lay throu;:li a biok<'ii, hilly
4onniry of little interest. \\ «• passed the ruins of se\ -
4Tal houses be|on;;in;; to I'liiou men, wliiili had been
burned by the rebels. An interest in;; «'vent orrurrrd
in ;;oin;; I hroii;^h La Kiiet'ounty. Near t he ant i<|uated
hamlet of llod;;en\ille we saw the site of i he hiimbh*
cabin where Abraham IJiiroln was bom. It was on a
lillb* kiioll, and near b\ were some old pear, peach,
and apple irtH's. We did iioi iIhii realize the ;;ri*at-
iu»HH of the prophet and leader InMe raised u|) to sav«'
<iiir Nation and free a race, or every i lee would have
Imm'Ii «arrie<l away as relies even to the roots, Pass-
in;; ihroii;;|i a place called New Haven, wf bivouacked
jiiHi iM'Vond ill a ^:riiKK field, w hirh w ill be remeinbered
iis the steiie of a Very lively time in li;;htin;; tire, it
iia\iii;; <au;;hl in the ^rass. Iiiii the boys had seen
prairie iir<>s before and knew how to deal with it. s(»
thill i'<'i Miiich daiiiaL"' ^^ •*" 'l-'H'- Thev took tare lo

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 41

get the aiiimiiiiitioii out of the way, not proposiiii; to
be killed in any such inj;lorious niannoi-. The Jay's
march was nineteen miles.

Early on the 31st the columns wcr*,' set in motion
and kept going all day through the same dreary coun-
try, with nothing to excite inteivst hut ilic problem as to
when we would halt for the night. Continuous march-
ing, much of the time on half rations, had reduced a
number to the point of giving out entirely. 'J'herefore,
the order to camp was hailed with joy by all. liut
knowledge that we were now ai)])roa(hing nearer the
scenes of more interesting events than had been viewed
before, was encouraging to us.

The line of march on Saturday, November 1st, lay
near the Louisville «fc Nashville Kailroad, and even the
sight of this Avas cc^mforting. Our progress was slow
and painful, and after marching twelve miles the
Brigade went into camp at Bacon Creek, near the sta-
tion of the same name. The weather was remarkably
warm and, all being weary and dirty, the creek was
soon filled with bathers, strange as it ma}- seem at
so late a period of the season. It was Saturday night.
To those at home enjoying the blessings of peace and
plenty it brings rest and a respite from labor, the com-
ing Sabbath and its privileges, so necessary to body
and soul, but wnth the soldier it is diiferent, and Sun-
day is almost sure to be a day of toil or danger.
Anticipating the morrow our camp fires burned low
early.

As anticipated, Sunday, the 2d, was ushered in by
an early start, after about sixty men of the One Hun-
dred and Fourth had been examined by the Surgeon,
and, being found unable to march, A\-ere left at Bacon
Station to come on by rail to B<>\vling Oreen. The
delusive hope of an early halt caused the command to
step off with alacrity and the twelve miles to Mum-
fordsville was traversed by noon.

The Brigade went into camp on the battle-field, and
the w^agons coining up were partly unloaded and cott'ee
was being made when Colonel Moore received an order

THK ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

lo iiiarrli ill twniiv iiiiiiiit<*s. \\ hat a fall was ilicrc^
ill tlu* (licriiioiiicli'r <if uiir hupcs!

Afirr liiistv :iii<l half tiiiisliiMl meals (lie iiiar< li was
I'-sniiicd. lull uilli It'SK uilliii;: sti-ps than in the iiioin-
iii;j. (Ml tin* way over the tiehl shot and shell were
•'•iMI, also tin* New linule ;ifil\es of oVef one lniIMlfe<l

•hliers who ha«l fought their last hat tie only six

\\e«*ks hefore. 'rhen* Were linineloiis e\ itlein t'S of t lu»
;:allani tlefi-iise made hy Tolonel \\ ihlei- hefoie he sur-

remleled.

.MiimfoidNX ille jiroveij to he a St la^i^iliii;: villaj^e
wifhoiit atlrartiofi exre|»t as the loratioii «»f the le<ent
hat tie. The < ill "en |{i\ei- tlou s t lifttn^h it ami had heeii
spaniieil hy a line iron railroad hiid;:e. w hirh only par-
tiallx ••sra|MM| dest !*Urt ion h\ the lehels. ('rossill^joll

a |Miiiioon hrid;:e laid down hy the I'ioneei- I'orps, we
asreiided the hlnlTs and pnrsued a sontheily etmrs*'
oNer roii^^h loads nntil daiU, when a hall was made for
the iii;;ht in a rleaied tiehl. The loni^ mareh with half
rations for sii|»per east a shade of depression o\er the
• amp. Hni, to rompensate in a measnie foi- jtrevions
irouhles. the mail for the One llnmlred and Fonrth
arri\ed in tin- e\enin;r. and dilTnseil joy anion*; a laij;«*
niimher. Weariness wjis lt»r;:<ilten in the pleasnre of
heariii*; from friends at ht»me. Those who did not
n-reive a letter had the synijiathy of the rest. It may
he sate|_\ asserted that ouf earthen roMehes seemed
softer and oiir aehes and hrnises less ttainful. \\ f
also learned here the pleasing news that the Army of
the Ohio now had a iww lommainlei- tJem-ral W. S.
Koseiians. who had eonie to ns with a hi^li reputation
for military ahiliiy hy virtue of many sn« cesses in the
li»dd. The order iiiakin;: the rhan;:e was dated < >< ioIm r
L'llh. and went into efTert ( >etoher :?tM h. The territory
within (ieiieral |{«iNe( rails' jiirisdiel ion was s^tyled the
"hepariiiieiii of the ( "umherhi lid." and the tit le "Army
"f ihe ( Hiio" was rhaii^ed to "i-'oiiiieeiiih Army < '<trps.*'
The ilivisioii iiianhed of]" early on the mornin;: of
the.'hl with li}.'hier hearts and nioie elastir steps. The
soldier joVeH rhail^^e, iiew seeiies aild e\( i t enielM s.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 43-

besides the fame of General Kosecians had preceded
him, and all believed that the hei-o who had been so
siiceessful in Mississip]>i woidd lead us to victory.
Durinj^ the day we passed by Horse Cave, a station on
the Louisville «S: Nashville road. Mammoth Cave was
under us and the (Mitram-o but eiuht miles distant.
This section had been the favorite r(^s(U-t of i;uerrillas,.
the inhabitants bein<>- almost wholly rebels. It was
a God-forsaken, wild country. After j;oinj;" ei<;htee«
miles we camped for The niy,iir within a sluut march
from Bowding Green.

At 9 o'clock on November 4th, the command a<;ain
set out and in high spirits, as we were now drawing
near our objective, Avhere we expected to remain for
some time. But we found the roads l)iocked by numer-
ous wagon trains and other troo]>s ahead of us. Many
halts were made, and it was sundown before we arrived
at the Big Barren river, which runs through Bowling
Green. We crossed this on a pontoon and marched
through the town, supposing that our cau4»ing place
could not be far off. It turned out that we labored
under a mistake, for we kept on three miles further,
until the town had disap])eared from view. Then, when
every one was getting mad and many swearing like
troopers, we halted and bivouacked in a corn field on
very stony ground. It was late when our tents arrived
and were put up. AVe had been on half rations for
several days. The whole comuunid had borne up well,
but were very tired to-night. At a later hour, and
after coffee and rations, matters around the camp
assumed a more cheerful aspect. AVe had accom-
plished since leaving Frankfort a journey of IfiO nnles.

The 5th of November was itasscd in camp, and the
One Hundred and Fourth im])roved the time in rest-
ing, repairing damages to limbs and clothing, and in
going on excursions, when a pass could be obtained,
to town and the many interesting ]»oints aroun<l Rowl-
ing Green. Our cam]) was on Lost Kiv<'r, an allluent
of the Big Barren. Within a few rods was Lost Cave,
where the river disappears and does not flow above

4( THE ONE Hl.'NDKED AND FOURTH

Kniiul ji^jaiii. l*r«»l»al»l> «*\<'r\ ••nc in iln- |{f;^iiii(nl

\|i|MnMl this ;;ii*at natural ruriosiiv ami ln<»n;:lii

.iwav many ln-auiifnl sialariiirs found on tlu- i«»of.

This >\ Intif MTiion of iln* «onni i\v is lioin-yconihrd w itli

i\fs. alf in linii'sNtnt- formal ions.

NoVfUibiT (iili Nvas si;:naliy.«M| l>y oiii- iciuoval lo
aiMMht'i* Iofali<ni. onr mil«* disiani. in a t.-dai- ;:ro\c,
w Inn* \v«' urn* anno\«*d Irss hv dill and dnsi llian al
L«M ( 'av«*. l-^xploiai ions roni inn«*d lo In* i In- diMTsion
of sonn* w Ih'Ii olT duly; oiImts «Mrnpi»M| tin- linn* in
writ in;; 1«'II«ts and n-siin;:. I'nII raiicuis wit** issued
a;:ain. W'v nTi'ivrd letlrrs and paiM-rs fnun lionic,
wliit-h made tin- posimasirr of ili«- nnr Ihindied and
I'ourili a \«*iy |>opnlar man.

i 'oloind Mooie. al Ids own i< (|Ufsi, licin^ sup<*r-
>«'d«'d in tin* rommand of iln- 'riiiiiynini li I>i-i;^adt* l»y
<'o|oni-l .loscpli K. Sroii. lit ilii- Nim'tfiMiili Illinois,
ri'inrm-d lo ilicnnc llunili-*-(l and l-'ourili.

Tin* rvrni of iln* Till was iln* n'vi«*w of Ihimoni's
iMvisioii by <J«*m*ral Kos<*(ians. 'J'liis was mir liisi
\ ifu of iln* disi iniiuislicd ( H'm*ralin-< Miicf. A«tom-
|ianifd l»y a lai-^f and lu-illiant sialT. In* rod** swiflly
down iln* Ion;; liin*s of l(ii;:ad«*s and r«*;;inn*nis, wliicli
|U'«'s«*ni«*d anus as In* |)ass«*d. Kidin^ up to iln* < Mn*
llnndn-d and l-'ouilli In* hailed, mad«* a (liiiral sni-
v«*y of I III* K«*;;inn*nl and addressed it in tin* fojjowin;;
\\«iids, wliirli Wfif laUfii down !>> ili«' w liter \iil»aiim
I literaiiin :

**< Mliri-rs and ni«-n: I w i>li i" lh^'- \>>>i a liiile
adNire. Wln-n you inrei |i|c fUt-niN liic low. Nc\ci*
luiMi _\onr harks lo ihi* fo»' rowards art* suii- lo Im'
hIioi. Look yoiif anla;:oiM>»i in tin* i\f, and li.' will
not dai<* tn hhoot y«»u.'"

Till* <M*in*ral lln*ii iod«* a\\a.\. Ii-a\ni;: wiiii u^ ilir
impi-fssion of his ;:i-«*aiin-ss and that wi* had hmi
^i«*aily lionoi'«*d l»y his pn*s«'nr«*. Aft**!* i«'\ i»'u tin*
On«* lluinli'i*d ami l-'ourth i'«*tui'm*d to ramp ami spcr-
iilaltMJ about out' futun* moMMuriiis, at it was known
ihat all of tin* iiooph wrir pushin;; for Nashvilff*.

Hattalioii drill oi« u|ti<*d a ;;ood poriimi of ihc tirni>

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 45

on tlie 8th and 0th, but in tlio afternoon of the land-
date or(Un'S were roecivod from arniv lu'adqiiartors
(h'taehing the Thirty-ninth P.ri«;a(h' from Duniont's
Division, and directinjjj Colonel Seott to be ready to
inarch on the 10th to Glasgow, Ky. As General Sill's
Division had jnst left that place our movement was
ordered for the purpose of replacinj; his forces, and
in conformity with the general line of advance toward
Nashville, at the same time protecting our extreme
left and Avatching the fords of the Cumberland river
for any attempts of the enein^' to cross.

ruAPTKi: \ I.

Mnn-h to «;ia»»K«»w — • Nn lJ«>b'— Arrival al TompkluHvllli'— Olias-
InK <Ju»Trllhii»— Atlaok on th«' fMckfli*— Tliivali-nlnK Dt-mon-
Rlratlon l»y H«'l»^l t'uvi»lr>— HuHty Kxlt arnl N'IkIiI Murch —
Ouowt' t'r«H"k Valley— ThankHKlvIng CVIebrattMl— Arrival at
HartMvllU — t^•l<•ni•l Moon- AnHumeB Command— The Situation
and Tr<">|.»4 — rori<*niH of UanK*^r.

TIh' inlvjuuf ttf iIm« Tliii-ty-iiini h l»iii:;i«lf will Im-
iiiiii-f rh'jirly uinlrrstoiMl li\ liii«-il\ ic\ ii-w in;^ i In- sit ii-
;ii iitii with I'ffrmir*' lo i In- ( in ire li«'ltl ciiihrinctl w il liiii
tile liiH's of iip«'!;it imi t»f < it'iMMM I Kos«'ri;ms* ;irm\.

Ili> ln-;nl»|ii;irl»ls liii*l Imm-ii est al»lisli»M| ul N;isli-
\illi- 1)11 ili«> '.Mil. < ifiM-ral Tliuiiiiis, ruiiiniiiiiiliii;: tlic
« i-iiit-r roii.MJsl iii;i of tin- (li\isioiis <»f littsscaii, Nf;^-
l»\. hiiiiiniii. I'ly iiiHl PaliiMT, was at (iailatiii, Tcii-
iifs.siM', from \vli«*iiri' Im' tjirrctrd i»|M'rai i<»iis aiitl f«'|»airs
«>ii iIm* raili'ttail in i.ouis\i|Jr, tliih liin* luiim tin- only
way of «-oiiiiiiiiiiirat ioii li\ rail with thr rrar. (iriinal
ihoiiias so <lis|M»s«'»l of his irot»ps as to ^iiai<l this roatl.
< it'iMM'als Mi-< 'ooU a IK I < 'lit t«'ii<l*'ii. «-oiiiiiiaii<liii^, rc^lMM-t-
ivrly, Ihf i-i;;hl aii*l h'ft wiii;:s, wrn* slowly <'oiivt'ii;iiii::
oil Nashvilh* l»y •iilTciriit ioiit«*s.

Tin* iiiti'iit ion of loMU'ial Hiau;: ha<l not iImmi (h'V«*l-
ojmmI, ImiI his tiodps wri)' known to In- ronrciil lat in^
al Miirfi'r«*slioio. I lis tavaliy. lai ^«'ly sM|Mi i.tr ill mini
Imts to that of 4!<-ii<*ral Kosmans, luMaint' \oiy ariiNc
at this tiiiM- in o|M-i'ai ions a;:aiiist oiir liii<- of roniiiiii
nidation with tin- it-ar aiitl onr thinks, ih-mt n«';;h'rt in;^;
III o|i|iorl unity to ijrst roy or rapt iir«' siijiply i rains ami
-iiinll oiiilyiii;; ilrtarhiiH-iit s. In acronlaiiri'. then'
lorr, with tin- ^••iii'ial polity of a«l\aiiri> j;;ovi'inin^ all
of III*' ti'oopH, and piiisnant to ihi> ordrr iniMitionrd at
t Im' rIoMf of till* last rhaplrr, i Im* Thirty nini h |{ii;;a<h',
« ofn posed. iM'sidrs I III' < Mm • 1 1 nndifti and I'<»iirni, itf t In*
One Ihiiidi-rd and Sixth and nn<- lliiniln-d and iOiuih

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 47

Ohio and a (letaclniiont of the Second rndijiiia Cav-
alry, and conmiaiided by (;oh)nel Scott, broke camp
at noon on the 10th of November and be^an the march.
Passing thronj^h Bowling (ireen the brigade marched
five miles and bivonacked for the night in a grove by
the roadside. All were in good spirits and Imd fnlly
recovered from the effects of the" long tramp froni
Frankfort. In the evening the camp darkies gave an
impromptu eutcM-tainment of songs, hoe-down dances,
and a butting exhibition with their heads, in which
the amount of pounding they endured was aston-
ishing.

We again set out early on the 11th, and soon turned
Into a poor road through a rough, hilly conntrv. The
marching becauK^ fatiguing, and after toiling on all
day, and only making fourteen miles, the Brigade went
into camp.

Starting early on the 12th we pursncMl a rough
country road, which had to be rei)aire(l often. The
country was hilly and densely wood(Ml, offering much
attractive scenery. The One Hundred and Fourth held
the advance, and at noon we entered (llasgow after
a march of thirteen miles. From the name we expected
to see a place of some impoi-tance, but were 'disaj)-
pointed. Many of the buildings, in fact most of them,
had an anticjue ai^pearance, as if they might have come
from the old Scotch city, and the majority were built
of logs. Their occupants were in keeping with all else
in this out-of-the-way village, even in color — except
the negroes resembling the yellowish clay soil on which
they grew and apparently thrived, notwithstanding
the tell-tale traces of whisky and tobacco, both, bv
the way, leading products of this part of Southern
Kentucky. Marching through the one main street the
Brigade went into camp at the south end on a hill-
side, at the foot of which flowed a clear beautiful
creek. Our marches thus far had been (hdiberate and
Colonel Scott had the credit of knowing how to "inarch
men" and take care of tln^r bodies and interests Gen-
erally. *^

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

\\ «• iriiiaiiUMl at (ilah;;MN\ iwo Wavs. rn;ia^»il in llie
iiKiial ramp diilifK, aiul bftwtfii liiiifs i*xpl«»iiii^^ tin*
low II. lalkiii^ with tin* |m'o|.N', and tltdii;; si»iin* iiatliii'X
ai I In- small Nl«»n's i«i Jn-Ip •ml «nir rali«>ns. rcisiin-
iiHUis aii<l mils \iVi-\\ altiiinlanllv anniinl tin- pla««' ami
w.-n- -alluTiMl liy all who had a lasu- for such luxuries.

i'lirsiiaiit to ordcrH rei-eivinl by <Vd«nitd Sf«>lt tin*
Ilii^adf h'ft <;ias;:ow oii Sal unlay, tin* llih. \N «• at
out «• tMiirn-d a wiidrr and louj^hrr ciuintiy iliaii \\«*
had KtMMi hrfon-. winir hills and vailh*ys followed in
rapid sint«'ssi«»ii. and ihr roails wi-n* In iIh* woist
p«issildi' 4>rd«M-, i»'i|uiiin;r fn^iucnt halls lu li\ ihtiii
and lo hrlp ill*- inuhs and wa;:ons ov»t n»u;;h places.
I'he liri'sonie iuar«li was < oniph'ifd at tiark l>y our
sudd<*ii ilfhoin hiiie fi<>ni tin* woods inlu a rharin^
diinlv outliin-d l»y tin- tall forests around ii. in which
was «lisccriiildc tin- lo;i hainh-i enjoying lln- cii|th(Hii
oils name of "No jtoh." Noi Immii;: jtartitular aitout
iiaim's, wf passed t hrou;:h and w cin inio camjt to si udy
th<* flyiiioh»;;y of iIm- word l>> iln* warmth of our tiivs
ill the evening:. In tin- niornin;:, which was Sunday,
we were ^iiatilied to lind the weather warm and pleas-
iiiil. .\ casual survey of the place l(rt»u;:ht to view
ahoiil twi'iity lo;; houses in ;iraduated sta^^es of decay.
The few inhahilaiits were <»f the type coinniou to these
iemot«' and wild sections of Kentucky, showing: in
their faces the fearful t'flecis of (heap corn whisky,
«»r ".Mouiilaiiii dew," of i;;iioraiice and pov«*rty. There
was whisky in e\erN house. Sherman Lelaml. of Com-
pany \>, clerk to the Adjutant, who possessed a judicial
mimi and much taste for r«'search, inier\iewed liie
"oldest citi/.eii" as to the ori^^in and history of iln-
t«Tiii "No Hob," and siiciiimIimI in extracting fmni liini
the following: explanation: 'I'he tow n was once know n
ax "I'lal lleiid" reason therefor unknown ; but once
on a time a man mimed Koberi was lost in ihe adja-
riMit foreMlK. and a st-rchiii;; parly, after a fruitless
wanb. met by prevituiH a^ireennMit at Flat Head, and
reporteij "No Ibd» found." and tlnr<afie|- ji wms laili-d
bv the ureHent liaille.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.

49

• ■^'y.'Ji^.*^? ''^''''^ '^ "^•'■'' ^'' 'l<'<l"<o<l that the cxpres-
sion "Whats in a nanu- has bc>en often used unre-
fleetively. A\ itlnmt citing a tl.(n,san,l instances iu
proof the reader will notice h<»Nv direetlv an<l tiltin-lv
our soldiers and the untutored, but honest, iKM.nk^ we
were among, always arrived at just conclusions in the
simplest way and acted accordinolj-. Having rescued
this remote hamlet from oblivion bv the unsolicited
honor ot Its presence, the Thirty-ninth Rrioa<le set out
again to perform another Sabbath ,hiv\s journey and
Avas soon struggling along through the dense forests
over execrable roads, liut, while delayed by the
numerous obstacles in the way, we did not fliil to
appreciate the grand and solemn bc^autv of the vast
solitudes of forest, of tlu^ rocky glens and clear run-
ning streams that lay along our pathwav. As night
approached the sky became overcast with clouds and
a drizzling ram set in, increasing our anxietv to reach
loiupkmsville, which we did by <lark, haviui niaiV-he.l
only thirteen miles since morning.

Heing now iu a section lillecl with rebel ,itiz<Mis
and omi subject to sudden forays fi-oui the cmumuv's
c'ayalry, Colonel Scott selected a camp suited for
defense on an elevated part of the town, and the tents
were spcvdily pitched. The short rations and the .-..f-
fee were heartily relished after the labcuvd nmrcl, of
the day. Having dried their wet clothino- most of the
men were glad to slc^ep. Thos(^ scMit out on ^uard and
pic-kc^t duty did not have a pheasant task ou this stormy
nigiit. oiwxiiij

The time up to the 20th was cmiployed in drilliu.-
and camp routine, and much eidinMied'by the known
exposure of the Brigade to attack, and bv tiie daily
rumors of intendcMl forays. Most of the people hail
Klentified themselves with the rebels, eithractivcly
<;r as spies and abettors, in which position they coulil
do us the most damage. .> "huo

.h 1 ''f/'.'," ^^^^-^^^^'""l'='<l been Acting Provost Mar-
shal at (rlasgow, and held the same position in Tomp-

•0 THK ONE UrNDRED AND FOURTH.

kiiiKvillc, wJHTr, Willi Li«'iii«'iiaiii Tivsruii. ili<y loiiiid
tiieir liiiu* fully omipitMl in jirr»*stiii;i and takin;; care
of iM'lifl (iii/fiis and s|»irs. !!»• alsn disrdxcitd a iiuiii-
l>i*r of «;iM»d I'nitin iii«-n and faiiiilirs.

(in«Trilla liands in iln* ininicdiatr viciniiv wtTi*
acli\<*, and vwv <»n tin* waii-li in ainhnsli t«> sliotit down
<Mir |ii<kfts and an.v t li«»n;;|j|l«'ss s«ddi»'r \vln> nii«;ht
wandiT outside tli<* IN'dtM'al liut-s. < )n<- < 'ajitain liaiu-
illon «-«iinniandrd these fl-eeliniitels, and Ue|il tlie leltel
j^eiM'i-als south «tf the ( 'uniheilaiid fnllv iiushd in
rej;anl lo our inoveinents.

In (-onse(|uen<-e of theii- ImhlneNs haviii;: already
dashtMl suddeidv ihiou^h the luiiskiits of the town,
hut without doin;: or sulTeiin;: daina;:e, ra|»!ain holy,
with Company K, was on the eveiiin;; of ilie LMMh
detailed to attempt t heir t apt ure m- desi ru«-t ion. Also,
other si;;ns and runioi-s indiraiin<:: an attack on the
town, the entire llri^ade was oi-dei-ed into line and
remained thus all iM;rht. Startin;; at nine |i. in. with
the <V>inpany and a ^nide, t'apiain hiii\ marched to
the rel)»'l reiide/vnus. tive or six miles distant. The
writer will m*M*r forget the enthusiasm ami ftuid
(•X|NM'tation we all ftdt, as we stumldeil alon^ in the
darkness over hill and dale in silence. The ;j:uns ami
sixty i*i>nmls were ready for instant use. At last the
company was so disposed as to rush in and surrouml
the rebel caiup, wliieh w as situated near a house in a
little valley. The lim*s <»f circumvallalion slowly
<-|osed in. Iiiit to our surprise no hostile i halleii^e
awoke the in;:ht echoes the foe had lleill Itui the
still hri;;lit camp tires ami scattered piles t»f c«u-n were
there in evidence. Our cha«::rin was ^reat, and after
hiterviewin^j the citiy.eii in the house, who knew noih
in^ and claimeil to lie a I'ldonist, the ronimand
nnii'ched liai k ti» camp, where it arrived at da\lireak.
just as tin* rest of the ltri;:ade was hreakin;: ranks
after its niyht vi;:il.

Niiiliiii;; of an excilin;: < haracier disinrlMd the
cam|i dnriii;: the day or iM;:lit of ihe 'Jisi. ('<>l<inel

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. M

Scott doubled the pickets and guards, and every iiuiii
took extra care to have his nuisket and cartridge box
handy in case of a night attack.

The events of Saturday, the 22d, proved to be the
most interesting and important of any yet experienced.
Early in the day the scouts and pickets re])orled that
rebel cavalry were hovering around, api>arently in
force, in consequence of which Colonel Scott ordered
the command to remain closely in quarters ready to
respond to the "long roll" at a nioinent's notic<\ In
the latter part of the afternoon a detachment of the
One Hundred and Sixth Ohio, doing picket duty, was
suddenly attacked, one man killed, one mortally
wounded, and six captured, but the enemy advanced
no further. Aroused by the firing and the long roll,
the Brigade immediately formed in line of battle, where
it remained until one o'clock Sunday morning, at which
hour the scouts returned and reported the rebels
encamped three miles from the town. Colonel Scott
at once sent the One Hundred and Fourtii in pursuit.
The Regiment started, but owing to the darkness and
rough roads or paths, marched slowly. The rebel camp
was surrounded and closed in upon, but the enemy
had again fled, warned, no doubt, by friends. Much
chagrined, we retraced our steps to Tompkinsville,
arriving early in the morning.

We were permitted to pass Sunday in quiet, but
vigilance was not relaxed. ^lail arrived from Bowling
Green, and news of the death at that place of Bufus
E. C. Hurin, of Company' D. The One Hundred and
Fourth was further saddened by the death here in our
midst of Stephen AA'alters, of Company E, who died this
morning of disease. Hi tlie afternoon of to-day he was
buried with military honors in a soldier's grave. To
die in battle may be regarded without emotion, and
is expected, but to waste away with slow disease and
die in a hostile land, far from home and friends, is
inexpressibly sad. These were among the first deaths
that had occurred in the One Hundred au<l Fourth.

12 THK ONE HUNDUED AND FOURTH

N..(\viilistainlinn lli«- fart thai iIm- Thirix iiimli
Hri^atU- wuk not exritiMl by alarms on tin- l!:M, rnoujih
ha<l iH'fii tIrv.-loiKMl to till all with lii^cli fXptM-tation
of still nion- iiii|Miriaiit .-Vi-nts. It htM-anH' known to
a f«*w «>n Moil. lay that Colom-l S«i.tt lia«l r«M«MVtHl
orilt*rs on Siunlay t'V«*nin;; to niiiivh at on« «•. An«l ho
>voul«l hav«' ilom* ko, but lu^HitattMl on acronnt of tho
Hiipjily train that lia«l ;:on«' to Cavr Tity for rations,
but had not n-niriMMl, and In- frit sonn* jinxirty about
it. Hut tui Moll. lay In* s«*nt a .-.Mirirr to turn tin* train
towanl Mowlin;; tin^-n, an«l nsolv.-.l lo brt-ak «anii»
in tin* I'Vi-nin;; at all «*v«*nts.

ll.i\v»-v«'r w." wvVi' .Irstiii.'.l lo .-iijoy a linh' iii"!.-
«*xrit«MM«*nt iM'f.m* niakini: our linal .l.-part inc K.-lx-l
ravalry sn«bb*nly apiM-ait-.l in foi. .- at noon in fr»»nt
of tin* pirk«*ls an<l in si;;hl of onr canii*. and sonn*
«b»snll.»ry lirin*: roninn*iM«*.l, in which t In* i>i(k«*ts stood
tlH*ir ;:ronn.l, aid.-d by our small drtachnn-nt of rav-
alry, and sn<..MMlrd in «a|»t urinj,^ ojn* man. who said
the tMU'Uiy was tho i*i*Im*1 Toloiu'l S«'olt's cavalry, TOO
siron*:, ami n'iin*s«*nt«*d that another forc«» wasadvano-
in;; on tin- S«»»i is\ ill.* road. Iji.tn ln*arin<; tin* lirinj;
tin* lonji roll was b.-atrn an«l broui:ln tin- hri^Md** into
lin«* on tin* .loubh* .|uirk. Cdoin*! Moon*, by order of
<\iIonfl Siott, direri.il rom|»ani(»s A and l> lo In*
deployed t.i the ri;.dit an. I front, ami <'(un|>any II to
the left, as skirmishers, all under Major W i.lnni-. 'The
rest of the Ilripide was ftu?in*d in line .»f batth* in a
^iood position by i'olonel S<-.»tl. While these nn>\«*un*nts
\v«*re lu'in;; executed arlilb*rv lirini; was heard on our
b*ft front. Hut, kntiwin;; from the soun.l of iln* ;juns
that they were small ones, called ".M.uintain howitz-
i*rH,** (or, in army parlance, ".lackass howitzers") we
w'fvi* more amused than alarme.l by this part of the
show. .Meantime ('olon«*l Sc.»tt ami stalT w«*re doinii
Honn* ra|>i.l ri.lin;; ami r«*connoiterin;.^ in the direction
of the enemy and makin;: such m*w tlisposit ions (»f the
llripide UM rirciinisiances sn^jfested. Hut no further
deinoMMirat ion was made b\ the euein\ . win* ha. 1 nl ir.'.l

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 52

to tho woods. To pursue tliein woul<l liavo been use-
less, and we had no artillery, niueli 1<> Colonel Scott's
regret.

Having stood in line until nine in I lie evening, we
were marched back to camp, and here met with an
order to be ready to march in half an luuir. This
order met Avith a cool reception by the One Hundred
and Fourth, most of whom were not aware of the
order before mentioned. It looked like running away
in the face of the enemy, a "skedaddle" in fact, anJl
the Regiment having come down here to fight did not
relish giving up the promising prospect of a nice little
brush with the enemy. There was mnch grumbling.
The baggage was scattered around in the tents, and
as five of our twelve wagons had been sent to Cave
City, mnch had to be left behind, also all of the sick
— quite a number. These were quartered in the houses
of Union men in the town, and would probably be
captured. But, packing up in haste, the Thirty-ninth
Brigade, at ten o'clock, filed out of camp and the town,
and in a short time was lost to view — even of itself —
in the darkness of the forest. As we were traversing
the narrow "trace" with thick brush and trees on each
side, the thought occurred that here was a splendid
opportunity for the enemy to attack. But all were
ready — half expecting it. The Brigade was kept well
closed np and frequently halted to await the arrival
of the wagons which encountered numerous difficul-
ties. At two o'clock a halt was made until daylight,
and in five minutes every man except the guards, rolled
np in his blanket, was sound asleep, alike oblivious to
friend or foe.

At daylight of the 25th we found that "our fiag was
still there," and also learned to our surprise that the
Brigade, though having marched ten miles in the night,
was but three from the camp we had left so hastily.
The guide had purposely or ignorantly misled us. This
news did not fall pleasantly on our ears. After a hasty
lunch the march was resumed at seven o'clock, and
continued until ten, when a halt was made for break-

THK ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

fasi. TIm- Hrijijule llieu iiioveii slowly aloiij; all <lay
ovtT vtTv rou;:l» roads, but amidst miuli lin«" s«tMu*ry,
as \Vf \vrn« imw i«iit«*riu;j tlu* inountain re«;i»ui of Kni-
tm ky. \N hfii wf l»ivunatk«Ml at ni«;lit \vt» had iiiarcluMl
only ivu iiiilfs siiHM* t»Mi «>'«l«Hk. T\h' livilizat inii of
this s«Miitiii was of a vn-y priiiiilivi' type as r»*j:anl«M|
h«>iiKi*K and iun»|d«*. Tlifi't* were eorn, eotton ;iii<l
ttd»a<e«> patilirs at intervals, and we were pleas«»l to
s«M' many appli* and prach orrliards, with fruit si ill
«»n tin* tr«M'S, tlnis j^ivinj; ns an op|»ort unity to make our
>«<ant half ratituis wlnde ones, and it was not n«*gle(t«'d.
<it\iu' aviM-red, also, that they found a superior article
of a|»plf jack, also prath l»iandy, which was iKtt dis-
puted.

The Hripuh' inovtMl earl\ *>\\ \\\v L'tiih uvrr much
rou;;ln'r roads than lM*fore and thnui^di valleys wImmc
tin* hills four or five hundn-d fret hi;:h looke<l to us
lik«' m<Minlains. At noon \\r rrossrd the Harr<'n river
l»y wadin;^ and halted fcu- dinner. We th«-n moved on
and soon after passed tin* state line into Tenness«H'.
The ramp at ni^jht was in a favorable lotality. bein^
near an orrhard, and where ^ood rtir«'d tobar«o was
ibundanl.

Kesumin;; the march early on the JTtli. <Mir route
h^l ns over the wildest and most mountainous country
y»'t se<*n, and nearly all day thr«>u;:h "( Joose ( 'reek \'al-
ley." a locality never to be fiir;;otten. We saw few
white men, but plenty of the nativ«> proiliict of the
_'entler (?) sex heaven save the mark! also iieirr'»«*s.

Some of these Women JXa \ e IJie Imi\s. as they luafclied

.ihiii;,'. their opiniMus (»f ■'\'ank«'es," and used those
natural weapons of war, vi/. : their toni;ues, in a most
re;;ar«lless and profane manner. Ilowevei-, the ( hie
lluiuli-ed and I'ourlh was eomposed of ;:entlemen. au<i
the\ seldom replied, but maintained the same meek
lomposure they would have displayed when listenin;;
to a curtain lecture at home or a chidinu: fi'<uu their
KWiN'thejirtM for Koin<* fancied ne;;hMt. rie- plileuMiialic
iMltchllieli were umifTe<led not UinhMst a lldill^^ the

nKMintiiin jar;:on of these women. At all events n«>t

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 55

one of them dvopiK-d a .o(„,se()r eliickcii in consequeuce.
We niarcluMl on, and let no one sn]>p()se that tliis
Thanks<iiviii<i- Day remained nnceiehrated by ns in
the wild mountains (►f Tennessee. In menioriam, we
were thankful and joyful, and fortunately the eiivum-
stanees were favorable to our ])uri>ose. This valley
literally te<*med with an abundance of all those things
which we had been accustomed to see enter into the
menu of the great National festival day at home, such
as tnrkeys, chickens, geese, i)igs, and fruits, in quan-
tity. There were also some other products we had
read about and had had some previous acquaintance
with, tt) wit, apple-jack and peach brandy. Here was
the ''still" "whose Avoriu dieth not," from which flowed
liquids almost as abundant and (nisy to obtain as the
pure water of the mountain rills tlowing at our feet.
The "Happy A'alley" of "Kasselas," so vividly described
by Dr. Johnson, could not have produced a purer or
more exhilarating article, nor one better calculated to
awaken the latent emcttions of the soul on a great
occasion. Such Avas the opinion of our experts, for it
cannot be denied that we had among us some who
were well qualified to judge.

Colonel Scott, being in a good liuuior from having
escaped a i)ossible catastrophe at Tompkinsville, also
appreciating the day and the advantages of (lOose Creek
valley as a cam]), graciously ordered a halt at 4 p. m.,
and we eam])ed in a lovely meadow almost entirely
surrounded by mountains a thousand feet high, oii
their craggy sides were perched here and there the
huts of the "mountaineers," and around each was a
small clearing devoted to the raising of corn and
tobacco, with some apple and peach trees. The Bri-
gade was in a good humor to-night. Some of the One
Hundred and P'ourth— and all of the Dutch, who had
been marching and celebrating all day, came in not
only happy, but prepared to give the coup de grace
to the last hours from well tilled canteens. As a chef
d'oeuvre an order from Brigade headquarters was
issued directing that two barrels of "Mountain dew"

M THE ONE HrNDUKD AND FOURTH

Wilicll till* (^liarlcI'lllJISliT luitl ru|itisr:ll«<| lir liKiprrlv

(lisiriliiilcil ill ilif rr;;ul;ir way. This in:ulr tin* hill «»f
faiv roiii|i|ci(*, aii«l im soiiJiiT unit t«» lu'd liuii'^i-v or
tiiii*sty. TlniK at last cihIciI Tliaiiks*;iviu«; in a bla/o
of ;;loiy !

W lii'ii the iiiarrli uas i-i*siiiiir<| mi iIm- |||u^Ilill^ tti
xUv '2s\U oiir st«'i»s lia«l lost tin* spriiiy:y, i*lasiir quality
jlisplayiMl oil tlir pn'vi«»iis «lay. Tin* i-oa<ls s«mmhi*(1
roM;;lu'r ami tin* smuM-y Irss clianiiiii;: than in < loose
('n*<'k vallry, as in fart it was. Tlic hi^li nioimiaiiis
WiTf suri'«MMh'«| l»y hills ami a llaltrr roimiiy. This
8e<'ti<»ii waiK stroii;;ly n-hfl in sent iiiinii. Thf folluw ini:
liitj-pfst in;: ii-niaik \t\ a wtunan u host* Imusr w »'|tass(Mi
was fnrnishiMl to tin- wiitn- hy Shnnian Ldand. The
(olninii was inai'rliiii<4: hy, when, ohservln;; a r«»ntia-
ham! in t'oinpany <i, she sai<l: **|)oi; on yom- heart,

thail's my ni;:^ei-." She ha*l I ii we«'pin;i over the

loss of a mule, \Nhi« h eause«l her tears; tin- loss of a
ni^;;:er «liie(| theui np and luiiietl her anLiuish into
aii;:ei-.

\o riirilier int'jiieni o| noit- iMt-iMreW until we Ii;i«l
arrived within thre«' miles of llarisville. w hen we <ame
smhleiily upon a hoily of rebel iavaliy, w lii<h retreated
ill haste, onr ad\am-e seiidin;; some shots after them
and eaptiiriii;: two men. who said they helon;:ed to
<'olonel Iteiiiiett's etimniand, -0(1 stron^:.

.\t tWon'elork ill theafleinoMii the lllii;ad<- |»assed

fhron;;h the villa^^e of llartsville and emamped one
inile heyoiid ill a piere of timlier land which had iHt-n
partially rleaied. The ram|i was on hi;:h ;;ronnd, oii<>
li II ml red yards from i lie< nmlierlaml river, w hose hanks
were from liftv to une hundred feet hi;^h. The tents
W'iM'e pilrhed and tires made in them, as the weather
Inid t nriied r«dd.

We had mairhed lifly li\f miles sim e |ea\ in^ Tump
kin^xille on mie and a half day's re;:nlar ijitions, hut.
like the Israelites of idii. w •• had found fuauna provided
for UK on the way.

The Seroiid |{ii;:ad«\ I'iisi l>i\ision, whirh ours
relieved, w at* still here. The wa;:on train sent t«i <'ave

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 57

City arrived in the eveiiiiio witli five days' rations and
a lot of aiuiiHiiiitioii. It had coiiic via (julkitiii and met
with a hearty welcome.

One of Coloiiel Scott's first acts after selecting the
position for our camp, whicli lie did after confeniuj?
with (N»lonel John M. Harlan, cominandino- the Second
Brigade, Avas to make ont and forward his report of th<'
Tompkinsville affair to General E. Dninont at (lallatin.
This may be found in "Rebellion Reccn-ds," Series I \'nl
20, p. 14.

The Second lirigade left on the 29th for Castillian
Springs, leaving with ns, however, a detachment of the
Second Indiana (Vivalry and a section of Xicklin's liat-
tery (Thirteenth Indiana), also a companv of the
Eleventh Kentucky Cavalry— Captain Slater.

The position we occupied was an important one,
but exposed to attack. We were opposite the extreme
right flank of liragg's army, which lay at Murfrees-
boro, thirty-six miles distant. Dumont, with part of
the Twelfth Division, was at Gallatin, fifteen miles
distant. Harlan's and Miller's Brigades were at Cas-
tillian Springs, the latter nine miles distant and sup-
posed to be within sui)i)orting distance of Ilartsville.
The objects sought to be accomi)lished were to watch
the fords of the Cumberland for any crossing that
might be attempted by Morgan and Forrest or bylarger
forces. This was the more important, as Bragg had
10,000 cavalry to Rosecraus' 4,000, and once in the rear
eonld play havoc with our communications.

Nothing of importance occurred until December
2d, on which date Colonel Scott, having been ordere<l
to report at Xaslivil!(% turned over the c!>mniand t(<
Colonel Moore. On assuming this responsible position
Colonel Moore reorganized the staff, retaining, how-
ever, Captain William Y. Gholson, of the One Hundred
and Sixth Ohio, as acting Assistant Adjutant (Jeneral,
and Lieutenant Jacob Dewalt as Aide-de-Camp. He
appointed Lieutenant M. Osman A. Q. M., Lieutenant
William Strawn A. C. S., Lieutenant Tewksbury A. L
G. All of these were fr<^m the One Hundrell and

U THK ONE HLNr>HED AND FOURTH

Fourth. ;ii»«l al muv fiiii-nMl u\uni iln-ir «lini»'s. Lifii-
teiiaiit rol.iml HaiKMiian now ussiiiimmI c«»iuiiian.l ..f
till* 4Mn- lluii<li»*«l jiiiM Fimrtli.

(V.iiipaiiv A, i'aplaiii L«*i;:lii«»ii, was miii .lown i..
oi-cupv llaitsvillraiMl kt-fj. a wat« lifiil «'Vi- on i1i.m<1m-1-
lious Vilizfiis of tin- villap-. It was «.ilaiii thai all
wiTf rrlM'Is ami artiv*' as spies an. I alMiiuis ..i ili<*
Confeth'rates.

Tin* system «»f s««.nis ami i»irk.-is .'siaMisln-.i l>y
Colom*! Srott was maintaimMl and fnitlnr str.n<:ili-
eiKHl l>v liis siKM-esstn-, ami a<tiv«' nMiunmissam-rs made
ev.-iy day on all ilie roa«ls leadiii;; into llartsville fiom
the otln'V sidr of the iiv« r, as well as those up and
down that stieam, whieh was deep, with few f<»rds
and pieeipitotis banks. These duties employed all of
the eavaliy and seveial ronipanies of infantry. Sleep-
less vij^ilanre was to he ih«' jtrice of onr safety.

The total elTe.tive foiM-e of all arms infantry, artil-
lery, and eavalry did not exeeed 1,80U men, ami this
inclndfd tietails of ronipanies and i»arts of eoinpanies
for the various duties, whieh were eonstant and exa»t-
ing. At this time, also, many wen- sick in hos-
pital. There only remained, therefore, after making;
due allowanre for the above detached services, an
elTiM-tivr forn- of not more than l.-KO men in <amp
«apabh* of Immii;; thrown into lint- o| haiih- m • ■> •
of a sudden attack. .Ml of tin- infantry re^ri-
nients were new, havin;; been in the service but
thr<*<' months, most of which tinw beinj; (mmu-
piiMl in mar«-hin;:, iIm* tip|Mirt unities ftu ac<|uirinj; that
prolicii-ncy in drill and disriplim- whit h \i'\\v c»»nti
ilencr ami elTecl ivi-ness on the day of battle had been
few and far iM-tween, and It is safe to say that fiw of
the ihif llundr«-d and I'ourth appr«'ciated as yri lis
vital imporianci- should it be (*alled into action. Kut
i*very man with ihf dements «>f manhood in him kix'W
how to li^ht imlividmilly, had conlide!ic«> in liims<*lf,
and. b«li<'\inu' ihf sanM* of his roniradfs. nami-illy
ac<|uir«'d tin- id«-a that tin- K«';:inn-nt. when put to thr
IihI, Would |»r«i\i- in\ inriblr. This, at least, was the

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS 5j»

writer's idea, aud claimed with confidence to be rep-
resentative of the majority of our brave boys.

But it was feJt that not much reliance could be
placed in the One Hundred and Sixth and One Hun-
dred and Eighth Ohio, both of which regiments could
muster only about GOO men for duty. One comj)anv
had not yet been provided with arms. They were also
in an insubordinate condition. The One Hundred and
Eighth was armed with the Austrian rifle, Avorthless
and condemned, the locks requiring to be snapped sev-
eral times before the load could be discharged. ( \)lonel
Limberg, the commander, had been along with us
under arrest since leaving Frankfort, and Captain
Ciirlo liepho now commanded. Dissensions among
the ofhcers in these regiments, utterly demorali/in-. to
discipline, prevailed. The cavalry and artillery, com-
posed of a small but efficient body of men, were well
officered.

The week ending December 6th passed quietly. The
weather had been unusually cold and there was a lioht '
snow on the ground. Rumors, which were usually
abundant m camp, and a part of the pastime of the
soldier's life, had been scarce of late. But it was the
calm that precedes the storm. It is probablv true that
at Brigade headquarters information and reports were
daily received, which, if known to the rank and file,
would have caused anxiety. Among the older heads
and veterans of experience there were no doubt ai)pre-
hensions as to the safety of the Brigade and the result
should it be attacked. The fact that Colonel Moore
had never been in action and was an untried quautitv
did not lessen any of these apprehensions. But such
were carefully guarded.

Lieutenant Prescott was informed bv a negro three
or four days previous to the battle that'^the rebels pro-
posed to attack and reported it to Colonel Moore, say-
ing he believed it reliable, as also the indications
among the old men at the village where he was on
duty, seemed to confirm it. There were besides other

•0 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

hU8i»ici()MH «iriumsijiiR-fK, l»iu lunu* of ilie warniuys
aplH'iinMl In br ri'y;anl»Ml.

*»N liilf llnis Iviiij: in fami'Ml siMiirilN tM»;ri»j;i*tl in tli ^
nnni«*t-<>ns «hili«'«< ralh'l f»»i- «lav bv «'av. lliat «laiin_i
oavali'vinan ami rai<bT, (irnrral John Mor;;an, was,
in lonjnnclion with (u*neral Hra;;;;, i»ri'i>aiin«; his phm
for thf (b*Kt motion <»r capture of the Thirty-ninth Hri-
pub*. Dnrin^i th«* hittiT part <»f the w«M*k Li<Mit«*nani
^\■illianl '^tiawn. A. < '. S.. had b<-fn smt !«► <Ial!aiiii
with a hup* detail t«» jinanl th«' siip|»ly ti-ain for onr
jMisi. (Ml lh«' 'Jth Caiilaiii W . II (mUmk. ..f <'on:i»'in\
D, had ptne \Nith a part ol his own men and other
details ID I h« ...iiiir |da< c

Saturday nij^hl ranic and an iiiiusiial (juictness.
indueiMJ by tin* srvt-re lobl wriihrr, prcvaih-d in tli
camp and around the tires of tin* Thirty-ninth Uri^Mcb'.
Tin- writi-r an<I Li<*nl«*nant l>«*\Noy, of < 'onipany IC. were
at a latr lionr in their tent »'M;ia;;<*d in rt-adin;:: and
writin;; Irtters, when, as if pro|di<'t i<"iliy. I Jewry
reniarked, '*\"om had Iteiier burn those oi- ilie .Injiiiiiie-v
will j:ei them." This was said jokingly, but has never
Immmi for^ittten. Little did we or any <»ne dream «»n
that peaceful Saturday ni;:hl that ere the mt>rnin^ sun
of the approachine; Sabbath should li;;ht \\\> the hill

lops uf the < iimlMM-Iairl I lie o.ii-lei! ;i.||S "|m||^ I i'!'"

Would call us hastilx, as from an awful niulit niai-e. to
|iarticipate in a scene «)f blood, carnage and death, in ^
which the tMie llumlred and I'ourth. after sulVerinj; |
a loss in killed and wtuimled jji;reat«'r than ever aflei
ward expi-rieiieed in any one battle, ami «o\eiiii.
itself with ;:loiy. was to be defeaied and cajdured, bill
Hot disjrraced.

CHAPTER VIL

The Battle of Hartsville, Tennessee, and Capture of the One
Hundred and Fourth.

In the early claAvn of Suuduy, December Ttli, 18(32,
at half past six — before sunrise — and while many of
the men in the camps of the Thirty-ninth L>riga(U> were
still asleep, the cry was raised, ''Fall in, men, the rebels
are coming." Some quick-eared soldier had heard the
ominous report of guns on the picket line, and has-
tened to give the alarm. The first shot was said to
have been fired by Joseph T. Oder, of Company H,
who, though a stripling of seventeen, did not lose his
head or fail to do his duty, but was captunnl before
he could escape. However, there are other claimants
for the honor. Simultaneously the long roll was
beaten with unusual vigor. The men of the One Hun-
dred and Fourth, hastily seizing their overcoats, guns
and equipments, fell in on the company ])arade grounds,
and were marcluMl from thence to the regimental color-
line, where Lieutenant-Coh)nel Hapenian took com-
mand and double-quicked the Regiment to a position
on a low ridge a quarter of a mile northwest of the
camp. The timber on botli si(h's had been mostly cut
doAvn, and the ground was rocky and broken. Tlie
One Hundred and Fourth was formed in line of battle
along the crest of the ridge, and, looking across the
valley, could see the enemy wheeling into line at the
distance of one-fourth of a mile. The Oue Hundred
and Sixth and One Hundred and Eighth Ohio, coming
up, Avere placed by Adjutant-General Gholson on the
right of the One Hundred and Fourth. The section
of twelve pounders of Nicklin's Battery, commanded
by Lieutenant Green, was placed in position on the
crest, where it was amply supported by the infantry.

THE ONE IIL'NDHED AND FOURTH

I illlllCr aiKI l^ll'llll'liaill I iUMCM Il-Bp^r*. ll»»ri_» , »H-jriw>i-vi

l«i (h«* Irft tiaiik to <«»v«T tin* y;rMUihI h«'t\v«MMi lln' On,'
IIiiii«lnM| ami l'«Mirlli ami tin* riv«'r. Tlit* ivsl t>f tlif
SiMMnnl hxliana, nmlrr Lii*ul«Miaiit-('ol<>iu*I Stew ait,
ami I he half ciMiiiKiiiy «»f llir Kl«*v«'iitli Ktnimkv, Cap-
lain Slairr, wiTf onlrnMl to covt-r a ml |tioi»Mt tin* ri;ilit
Hank, wliitli was rapalth* of lit'in;^^ easily nirnctl. Tiic
l«'ft was ;iuai(l«'(l ami iiia«l»' «linituh t<> attatk by a drt'ii
ravine rnnnin;: t»» tlic river. 'l\> iimie efreeiually pro-
ten tlie ri^'lit an<l rear ('a|»taiii Lutlinj:t«»n was sent
with ronipany II to oju-rate in that <|naitei-.

Taptain Lei;:hit»n, who was on tletacheW diiiy with
<'«»!npany A in llartsxijje. was left to ti;zht it out on
his own arronnt .

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 63

worth ji'iiiis and howitzors. Vide Morgan's Koport. ( )n
the march liis forces had been further increased by
all of the guerrilla bands and citizeus in the country,
making- his total not less than 4,000 men.

(leneral Morgan, in pursuance of his cunning and
carefully devised plan, had left Kaird's Mills, twenty-
five miles from llartsville, on Saturday, and, march-
ing all day, reached the Cumberland near the Federal
lines that evening. He occupied the rest of the night
in crossing the infantry on an old boat, while ('olonel
Duke, with the regular cavalry, passed by a ford hn\-er
down. Another force was sent with artillery to take a
position on the south bank of the river — o])])osite our
camp and covering it — the ford and Hartsville. Still
another detachment, 1,000 strong, was ordered to dash
into the village, capture or destroy the forces there and
attack our rear. All of these movements were being
promptly executed before and b^" the time that Morgan
was advancing with his main army against our lines.
Our vedettes liad been deceived by Morgan's advance,
who were dressed in the Federal uniform, and were
captured without a shot.

The battle opened about 7 a. m. by a desultory firing
on the skirmish line. Companies K and C were soon
obliged to fall back before the enemy's rapid a<lvance,
which they did in good order. Meantime the artillery
opened and was at once replied to by a furious cannon-
ade from the rebel batteries, which made a great noise,
but did little damage, as they fired too high. When
Morgan's advance came within musket range the firing
became general and continuous on both sides for some
time. Morgan still advanced, but slower and there
appeared to be some (^onfusion and a perceptible waver-
ing in his line caused by the steady and destructive
fire of our men and that of the well-served artillery,
which had already disabled two caissons of the rebel
battery. At this point, and when Colonel Moore gave
the order to charge, Lieutenant Creen came up in haste
and complained that one of his guns was Avithout sup-

M THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

jHiil. L«n»kiii^ arouu«l it was sr«'ii that the One lliiii-
tln-tl ami Sixth had llnl. (Mi th«' inai- appinarh ol the
I'lUMiix lh«'V ha<l liiMMJ kul* volh\v and ran. The uth«*r
two rt'piM fills, Imwever, HtiMMl liriii and linMl iapi<lly,
ill whi»li thfv \v«-r»* sustained l»\ the ariilh-r.v and <a\-
alrv. \U\\ .M«»ij;an s»Min «ildi<|iu'd a |iart «tf his ^t\vl'■
whrlmin;; fuiT«'s so as to turn our ri^dit Ihink. Then
llu'Oue llundi'tMl and lCi;;hlh hrranic <U*niorali/<Ml and
left the tiidd. Tht' action had now iastt'd on*- hoiii-, and
the ( Mif I hindr«*d and I'onrt h si ill stood tiiin as a rock.
Manv had Immmi kilh'd, inrlndin;: Adjutant •< liiicral
(iholson, a brave and ]ironiisin;; oHicer.

The ( )ne Hundred and l-'oiirt h now su|t|)ori in^ hot h
liitM'e.s of artiih'iv, and finoura^N-d lt\ ( 'ojonci ilajM*-
man. Major W idnicr, and all of t hrir o Hirers, roni inut-d
tin* un«M|ual roiHcsi twenty minutes lonj^er and until
th«' rebels iMMire<| in ou our think and \\<-re within
lifleeii jjares in front, so near, in fan, iliai we saw
the whites of their eyes. Tlu'ii it was ihai ( "ojouel
.Monre, who had ridth-ii the lines all through with
nnlliiichin;: bravi'iy, ;;ave the order lo n-ii-eat to the
hills on the river. Oue df the twelve pounders was
taken lot he new jiosit ion in safety ; i he horses attached
to I he ol her ha \ in;;; been killed, ( 'a |tlain I low e, of ( 'om-
I»an\ I', with some «»f his men tried to reiuove ii by
hand, bui the rebels, observin;^ this, lired a \olley of
biilleis at them. I'oit unalely a |»air of horses was near
and the ;iun leiuoved. The Ke;:imeni fell back in solu«'
eon fusion, but many t urned to tire a not her shot as i hey
sullenly retrejited. In I he new position siuue furl her
liriii;: was dom* as the enemy rapidly advance*! tui our
front and Hanks. Ilui the tirin;^ had t hen bec<une desiil-
t«»ry and produced noelTect. Colonel .Moore t her«Mipon
surn'iideied wliiil was left, and ihe baiile was viitu-
ally over. The < Mie iiumlred and Sixth am! ( Mie llun-
dred and l'i;;hlh had hui;; before ln-eu taken in.

('a plain Lei;: hi on, w it h ( 'Muipany .\, after a spiiiied
resiKlaiice in llarlsxille a;:ainst a re;^iment uf cavalry
;iiid two compiinies of luounted infantry, iu which his

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEErvS. 65

command killed five and wounded ciulii, wiili a loss lo
himself of one killed, one mortally wouiKlcd, ami three
wounded, Avas obliged to siincndci-.

Company II, Captain Liidinghui, wliicli luid Im-cii
sent to the right, nniintained an niuMpial tight against
superior numbers until after the main body had sur-
rendered, and was the last to yield. So stubborn and
astounded was Captain l.udington that the rebel olVi-
cers in admiration told him to keep his sword, which
treachery afterward obliged him to give up.

^Meantime the rebel cavnlry were occupied in gath-
ering in the stragglers, pillaging the camps and collect-
ing the spoils. They had just cause to be elated with
their victor}', but had paid for it dearly in killed and
wounded, losing about two hundred men. General
Morgan said to one of our officers that he never saw
men tight better than the One Hundred and Fourtli,
and that if the other regiments had done as well he
should have had to Avithdraw. The sudden retreat of
the One ITundred and Sixth and the One Hundred and
Eighth gave his wavering line new courage.

The battle was over. The Starry l^anner had gone
down in defeat, bnt not dishonor. The One Hundred
and Fourth, crushed and humiliated, were prisoners of
war. Deep as Avas the sting of this disaster, touching
to the A'ery (juick CA'ery man in the Kegiiuent, yet each
was conscious of liaA'ing done his duty, and could point
with monrnfnl pride to t^e long list of killed and
wounded as evidence of the stubborn conflict.

The defeat at HartsA'ille M'as the inevitable conse-
quence of the conditions existing, souk* of which havc^
been pointed out. Colonel ^Nloore, as conunauder of the
Brigade and of an important post, had to shoulder
the blame and endui'e the odium of failure. It was
his misfortune to hold a command for which he was
nnfitted by reason of inexperience, the Avant of confi-
dence on the part of many of his officers, and the
absence of those military instincts Avhich soldiers
recognize and trust in. From the first honors which
many a AA'orthy and scarred veteran Avould prize had

m THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Imm'M tliiusi iiiMtit liiiii, :iii*l with in> storms !<• |mm|>U*.\,
in> \\\\\ fin'iii\ III »'in«tiiiih-r or ti^ilitiii;; h> Im- tli»m*
rtM|uiriii;; riilM-r ilu* natural or Ifaiiictl luilitaiy skill
of a l»*a«lrr. In- liail worn tluMu rasiix. In tin* day of
trial aiitl ;:ra\r r«-s|tonsil>ilily \\liil«' fxiiiltit iiij; |mm--
sonal bravny. In* faiN**! lircaiisr In* «li«l not jtosst'ss llu*
i|(ialitics nanit'il, wliicli, hail tlicv rxisttMl, would not
only liavf prrvt-ntiMl tin* rnnuy from taking; us by sur-
prise, but would liaVf fiiabbtd liiin to liavo luainMivi-rtMl
liis for««'s so as to liav«' baHb'd ami tb'lavfd Moi-;j:aii
until Ihtrlan's bri«;a«U' arrived, as it did two hours
after the snrremb*r. ll»»wever, llartsville was lo be
Colonel Moore's 'rherm<tpylae as a military leader.

<Mi the other hand, it «-an be said in extenuation
that he did not seek the rommaud. ( 'olomd Scott, ha\-
in;; Immmi unex|MMtedl\ oidered to Nashville, sluijdy
tiiriUMl it <»ver to him on I ><•« » mbt r iM. Neither ditl he
riM-eive an_\ oi-ders or su;:;:est ions Ifom his superioi-
oOirers in the brief period bef<»re the battle. Ninety-
nim* men in the hundred would lia\f d<>iie as he did,
and most likely wo\ild have met with liu' same result.

The < Mie llumlredand Fourth josi ."tl killed or mor-
tally wouinlfd. and had H>.~» woniided; total, \Ttit. The
following: lisi "f 1 b"' names is only partial, but all that
is at t ainabh-:

lllll.h .\M» S'|'.AI'I\

W'oundfd Adjuiani 1». < '. SieNcns. s«'V»'rely
lhroii;:h t he t hi;:li.

(d.MI'A.W A.

Killet] Sumner N. iluridiam.

Moiially woundid .lonaihau Lewis.

Wonudi'd I'atri.k (>'h,,Mnell, William Hurkley. L.
Toiit r.

«<».\||^\^^ i;.

Kilh'd Ser;;«*an( <"romw<II Woodward. Sert^eant
Jos«-ph I K i'tu-ter. < Jeori^e St eidfU;:er. I lo\\ aid l>. While.

.Mortally woundi-d bifuii-iiani .Moses .M. Kamlo||tli,
Samuel IV r|a»-k. .lohn ( '. \ ail. .b.lm Keaibr, I, mien
Stanford.

Wounded (lardner I.. Chase, in the foot; Charles

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 67

A. Bradisli, iii liaiid; James Me^S'ally, iu head; Fabius
E. Phelps ; H. C. Graves ; James Garrison, iu wrist ;
^'ewtoii M. Shelton, leg amputated; Samuel W. War-
uock, iu shoulder ; D. J. Stauford, iu aukle ; Serj^eaut
H. L. McKinnev, slight; T. ^^'oolle3•, slight.
COMPANY C.

Killed — David Berkstresser, Thomas Hastings,
James If. Wilson. •

Mortally wounded — Peter J. Sauressig, William
Van Law, Clarence Brenuan, Frederick Foot, Francis
ZaiT.

Wounded — Captain Samuel M. Ileslet, iu both
thighs; Lieutenant Daniel C. Kyuearson, in leg; Ser-
geant Charles K. Brown, in side; James A. Kersey,
severely; L. .W. Winslow, in hand; John W. Bullis, both
eyes shot out; John A. Livers, ami amputated; Charles
II. Jewett ; Oscar Sayles, severely ; K<jbert C. Doaue ;
Hiram Beck, in arm; Samuel Banks, slight.

COMPANY D (only one-half present).

Killed — Abram H. Austin, Jos. L. Sapp, Corporal
Thos. G. Steven.

Wounded — Henry B. Anderson, slightly; Robert S.
Brent, slightl}^; John F. Bute, seriously in three places;
John W. Carmony, seriously, hit five times, breaking
shoulder and three ribs; Lifee II. Powers, in head; Bich-
ard J. Gage, seriously in leg; Henry E. Price, in hip;
John Peter, slightly; Ora D. Walbridge, arm broken;
Theodore P. Brown, seriouslv.

COMPANY E.

Killed — Corporal Tlu)s. Weeks, Corporal John D.
King, David V. Diehl, Edward J. Curtis, Orville L.
Moorhead, Roderick D. Reed.

Mortally wounded — Lieutenant Milton Strawn,
George Hemenover, Samuel N. Merriam, Felix McCul-
lough.

Wounded — Sergeant Homer A. Wilson, in arm;
David A. Wisher, in hand; Sergeant George W. Cum-
mins, in head; Corporal William J. Anderson, in arm;
Corporal Lyman Nattinger, in neck; Benjamin Phillips,
in face; Alfred Roberts, in thigh, seriously; James A.

<8 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

SiHTiiiaii, anu bri)krii; Cliarlfs 11. I'.iuwii, in iumU;
.Taiin-s<J. Si'wanl; William I. l>;iil\ : < •. W . Wilson; .los.
\V. < *nnanl.

(•(^Ml^\^^ i"

Kill.-.l K,M•^ llrorU, Julin .M«l)..w-all, William
WotMlhurv. ror|Mtral .lann-s S|m'II(<t, .Ir.

\NiMiinl«M| ('ai»i:iin Jam«s .1. McKi-rnan, in arm,
wrist ami rlnM-k; lUnry A«Uciinan, srvrrrl.v ; Lcmm'l
li. Laujihliii, sli;:htlv; ThoinaK Kyerson, in liii>. S. M.
Z«-ln(T. sli;:lMl\ : 'PliMmas Tlmmpsoii. in sIi<mi1(1«m-; Sam-
uel N. Trrnarv. sli;:litl>: Samml «in«ii; Anslin V.
Mitrln-ll; Lirnlrnant .lulm < '. Linsl«-y: Kzfkit-l lli««\vii;
llmiamin .It»n«*s, A. W'. nmkm r.

('(KMI'ANA <i.

Killrd S«M-p'ant Mynm Nt-wtun. Iluiili A. Dum-
inrit, HtMijamin S. FnlW-rion, Osnian Larson. Anthony
< »lM*rst, .John Palnu'r,

.Mortally wonmlctl — .laroh Nelson, .lohn Thomas.

WoiMnh*«l — \V«'sh*y Misiicr, in thij;h, severely; Sani-
\U'\ 11. porter, arm lirokrn ; Tnnis S. Serrim'. in arm;
.lohn Haih-y, in thi;:h, severely; .lames i\ l)ee«:an; IC.
S. Hullanl, sli«;ht ; Serp-aiii < ". I'.. ( ook. sli<;hi.
('(KMI'ANV II.

.Moiially \voMn<le<| Henry \\illa\ ise, .1. M. Porter,
A. A. .My. IS.

W'tMindeil I.'-\i Nt'lson, sli;^hily; Xavier W <»lf, in
hip, scrionsh .

roMl'ANV 1.

.Mortally wonmled Harvey W . Traver. Nicholas

I'llenhoeker.

W'oun<le<l ("orp.tral illhriil^e rhapman, in side;
Kartholo \\*. Andrews; I'rank W'. Hnrns, in throat, seri
onsly; .laeoli Pane, in hand; N. H. .Mnllin. in le^i .
.\ndre\v I'tnits, in thi;:h; .Mark Pnrviance. in le;;, seri
ously; ArteniaK <'. (^ninn. in hreast ; .Iidinson Traver,
in hand; ('«»rneliiis Snyder; dames d. Traver, in fare,
severely; Prure Winans. sli^^htly; William K. I'rink, \
sli;;htly.

<<>.M1'.\.\\ K.

Mortally woimdi'd- Jose|di P. Arnold. .jjimI he, em
her *«t h ; Charles \. Prown.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 69

Wounded — Henn^ Pnst, leg' ainputated; Kobcrt
Bell, severely; Andrew A. Hart, seriously; Chas. F.
Peterson, severely; Thomas Mulkay, severely; Adolph
Splitstosser, slightly.

The rest of the r>riga<le lost in killed and wounded,
as per the Official lieports, 105, Vide Keb. Kee., Vol.
XX. But the foregoing does not include a number
of missing, who were probably killed, buried, and never
reported, except as unknown.

A da}^ or two after the battle the citizens of Ottawa
sent a committee of three. Rev. Z. Coleman, Dr. C.
Hard and J. W. Calkins, to Ilartsville with sanitary
supplies for the wounded, and while there they buried
a number that they found dead in the wo(»ds, rein-
terred all of the dead who were half buried, and, when
the soldiers could be identified, marked their graves.
They marked some as unknown, as appears from the
"list-' in the possession of the writer.

Through the intiuence of Surgeon Dyer and this
committee many of the wounded of the One Hundred
and Fourth were sent to Ottawa as fast as their con-
dition permitted removal. The committee performed
an immense labor, being in Ilartsville part of the time
under a flag of truce, the rebels having possession. That
their services were appreciated the following published
letter shows:

Gallatin, Tenn., Dec. 22d, 18r)2.
To the Friends of the One Hundred and Fourth:

In behalf of the officers and soldiers of the One
Hundred and Fourth Illinois Volunteers, now at Gal-
latin and Hartsville, Tenn., we, the undersigned, return
our sincere and most heartfelt thanks to the good peo-
ple of Ottawa for their symi)athy as expressed by the
substantial aid sent to our noble suffering wounded by
the hands of Dr. Hard, Rev. Z. Coleman and J. W.
Calkins. We also feel under lasting obligations to the
above named gentlemen for the manner in which they
have executed the trust confided to their hands in min-
istering personally to the wants of the living and assist-
ing faithfully with Christian sympathy in burying our

70 Tin: <"'Ni: in'xnnKD and fourth

ilfiKi •Mil «>i Mill >iuhi. >il:iu(1 bv li. K. Dver, S. .M. lli-s-
In, K. «', SirvniK, 1). r. KvinarsMii, M. (►sinan, William
K. HiMisli, .1. MisiHT, Jos. 1*. I'ii/siimijoiis, \\ illiani II.
rolliii*., .I;is. SiH-.j.ki-r. .luliii S. II. Duly.

INflDKNTS ()]■ Tin: llA'l TLK.

Wliilr it lias b«M'ii uiiiv«'rsall> adiiiilltMJ iliai ilif
Out' iluii(liv<I and l-Nmrth did all that men could dt>
at llarisvillr i«> win vi»t*>ry ur s(«'ni llic tido of defeat.
Koine persitiial aet.s and W(»r«Is eamuH well be omitted.

Said Coloih'l Limberjr, a witness: "'riic ( Mn- llun-
dr«*d and I'onrtli foii'dit like bulls."

e

liis musket to a
lonbt some one

IM-

ub-

wniie ioiinin;::, oiii so oni onee; laKiu
deliberati'lv loaded, and, brin^in;; hi
ready, pirked his man and tired no (...m,. .^..m.- ,
dr<>|»ped, he cscaiKMl with a wound.

tJeneral Tlnunas says in re^^ard to ihe un<' H
tired and Tourth at Ilaits\ ille. The letter was p
lished ill "Tat riot ism in Illinois:*'

Louisville, Ky., .Ian. 10, 1 ^<i7.
(*«doml A. 11. .Mooio, Ottawa, 111.:

Colonel:--! re««'ived y<»nr lett<'r of ihr ::d inst.. and
after earefnl t'xaminat ion of i he oiVnial reports of ot In r
oHIrcrs who i>artiri|iated in the battle of llartsvilh-.
Teiin., I am enabled to state that all romnr in test ify in-
to your personal bravery, as well as to the ^Mllantr\
of your own i«';:iment thoOiii' lliindiod and I'oiirth
Illinois. < 'olonel .lohn I larlaii, T<*nt h Kent iirky, who ar-
rived with his own and the'rcnih Indiana re;:imentM
very Kuon after the enemy had ic i-.iss.-.j ili)> t "umber
land Itiver, menlioiiK in his i-r|Mirt that a lai::<> major-
ity of the kilb'd and woiimb'd ttf your loniiiiaml be-
ioii;;iM| to the <» IK- 1 1 iindi-< -d and I'oiii! h I lliiiois. w hirh

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 71

is coiH-hisivc «'vi(le7i('(' of the steadiness and hravery of
Y(Hir own rejiiment and of yourself ixTsonally. I am,
Colonel, very respectfullv vonr obedient servant,

(1E(). 11. THOMAS,

.Major General U.S.A.

WHO FIRED THE FIKST SHOT AT HAKTSVILLE?

Joseph A\'. Coiiard of ('oni]>any E, says in regard to
this event: On the morning- of Dec. 7, 1S(>2, Lieutenant
Milton Strawn was in charge of the reserve picket post,
located three posts from the (Cumberland river, my
brother William was on ijuard at the reserve i)ost. I
was on guard at the m^xt ])ost east — uiM)n a rise of
ground. At break of day, I saw the rebels on the brow
of (piite an elevation about opposite our last picket post,
but I hardlj^ thought they were the enemy, knowing that
there were three i)ickets between the reserve and the
river and supposed that if they were the enemy, those
pickets would give the alarm, but they did not, and after
hesitating a few moments, I discharged my gun and
rallied on the reserve. We afterward learned that the
rebels captured^ the first (last) and second posts without
their tiring a shot.

NOTE ABOUT HAKTSVILLE.

By Lieutenant A. Y. Mitchell, Company F-

On Sunday morning, Dec. 7, 1862, I, being then Or-
derly Sergeant of Company F, had arisen early as we
were to have general inspection at 10 o'clock and there
was much police duty to be done arouud the camp. I
had just dismissed the men from roll-call when I dis-
covered the rebels coming doAvn the stony point of the
big hill and at once called ^Nfajor AVidmer's attention to
it, when the alarm was given and the regiment thrown
into line of battle and we marched out where the fight-
ing was done. We' were taken in out of the wet and
John Morgan performed the inspection duties that
morning.

Surgeon Dyer relates that while attending to the

72 THE ONE HUNDIlEn AND FOURTH

woiiikIimI oil iln« iH'Iil, hi* raiiH' h» a rnTmaii s»»ltlii'i- aii<l
liiK sun, iiifiiilici'K of (In* OiH* llumlrtnl aiul Sixth (Hii«».
Hofli wiTr \vnuiul«-«| aii<l sa'hl thai scriii-; thi'tMic Ihiii-
tlitMl aii«l FiMiith tij;litiii;4 ahuif, thrv th«»u;;ht thrv
woiihl roiiiooviT ailtl help. All htMlor t(» t hclii.

K«»h«Tt S. Hi'i'iit, of < 'oinpaii.v I>, says: 1 saw oih- of
the shells fioiii oiir hattfi-v (•\|i|o(lc in a irhcl aniniiini-,
lion \\a;:on an«l tin* icIh-Is t InTrupoii ran liU«' sln-cp,
Al that tiiiH* \\i« \v«M'«' onh'rtMJ to |ix l(ay<nn*ts an»l
char^t', liiii I he onh-r was ronntcrniainliMJ, which was
|H*rha|>s a niistaU«'. NNIn-n tin- irhrls wrn* forming to
atta«k lis llt-niv K. Prii «• said to ni**, I hein^i in t he front
ranks: "Hol», h-i nn* rhanjic places wit h yon, I N\ain the
tii-st rhanre at them." 1 reni«*nil»er distinrtly one lebel
sleppin;; ont from Itehind a I i-ee and liiin;^ dii'ectly at

IIS so it seemed. I fell ihr wiml of tile JMlliet oil mv

h'ft cheek and Prire on his ri^dit. We hoi h tiled at him,
hill the smoke |>revented oiif seein<; the elTecl. Ijeiiry
said to me: ** That was pretty close, litdt." The lehels
Were then some jwehe rods fiMiin lis. I was wounded
soon after, and l{. .1. (Ja^'e carried me on his hack ten
rods, \\ hen I t hoii^hi I con Id walk, and he | nil nie dow n,
iilid pdii;; l»a< k lo the line was wounded himseir a few
moments after. I wjiiked a short distance, when I
fainted :ind fell in i he snow from loss of hlood. < )n
com in;: '•» I noi it t-d ;i j»erfeci sioini of I ml lets ll.\ in;; o\er
my head and strikin;: the weeds artnind me. The Ke^i-
iiieiil fallin;; hack. I was picked up hy .lohn .1. I^>rd, of
<*oiii|iany h, and carried hy him and |iiit in a Com-
pany K tent, when he covered ine with a Idanket. A
memher of ('Miniiany K died that iii;:lii hy iii\ side,
haxin;; had his le;; hntkeii and aiii|Mitaied. I < nii ne\er
for;.'et I'alriek O'honm-ll, of rmnpany A. \\\\<< was
wonnded in the nionl h with a pisioj |>:ill .w • lose ran;:e.
When we Wi'I'e leinoNed froiii llarts\illc on the follow -
in;: NN'edneHiJay he was the only one of ns that «oiihl
walk, and when we had ;:one pari way to tJal-
latin we stopped f"»r the ni;:hi in some ne;:ro lints
on a plantation. The «dd lehel owner told his

ne;;roeH not |<i ;;i\e IIS ;iM\ woml fur liicv. |5iil

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 73

Pat had a revolver and went out and stood .ouard over
tlie negroes and made them chop wood for us. He also
ordered the colored woman to make some chicken broth,
and we had an opinion that it was tlic best chicken
broth we had ever tasted. Pat aftcrwai-d had the rhcii-
matisni very bad and went home for a time. After-
ward he lost an arm in battle. His one faidt conld not
take one wreath from his brow.

A braver man than John McCullough, of (\>m]>any
E, was seldom seen. We had retreated to the river and
the rebels were among us, one of them raised his gun to
shoot a soldier, and, though almost surrounded, John
covered him, at the same instant telling him with an
oath to stop. He did. To tire would have been death
to both. The writer saw this occur. The brave McCul-
longh fell at Peach Tree Creek.

Ilenrv E. Price of Com])any D, badly wounded in the
thigh, said, "It would be all right if 1 could only be sure
that I had hit some of them."

Captain Doty, immediately after surrendering, man-
aged in the confusion to slip away, and, going among
the wounded, many of whom had crawled back to camp,
began taking care of them, lie succeeded in deceiving
the rebels until Harlan arrived, and also saved the com-
pany books and papers.

There Avas no extra charge for reserved seats in the
front row during the battle. One man, and, it is be-
lieved, the only one in the regiment, who was about to
take one further back where he could see just as well,
was convinced by Lieutenant Colonel Hapeman of the
superior advantages of the parquet in this show.

A noticeable feature on many faces was the [»owder
stains on the mouth, caused by biting off the cartridges,
instead of, when not in a hnrry, tearing off the ends with
the fingers.

The Brigade being i)risoners and disarmed, were
hurried under guard of the victorious enemy to the ford
over the Cumberland. The water being breast deep, the
cavalry took two or three men on each horse and carried
them safely' over. Occasionally a horse slii)])ed giving

4 THK ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOl'HTH

all a iiyntd wriliu;:. This otiupii-d two li..ms. aii.l m.-aii-
liiuf Morjran'K lavalry haviii},' pitlu-rrd up iln- anus,
ariilN-n, auiiu\iuiti«»u ami supplies, ou llu* li«'l«l aiul iu
tauip, aiul |.»a<liMl tuir wa-ious. llu-s** wm- IiuiiumI
tuwanl Hart's IVn y, as Mor^MU had n-poits uf ilu* ap-
pn.a«h ..f Harlan's nri«:a<li-. Hut I., (h-lay its a«lvaiuv,
h«* thn-w out two n-i^'inHiits of «avalry and fuur piwes
uf artillrry. \\\r lati.T hron^hi fnun his n-snvc uu tlu'
m»uth siili' of llu' rivt'r. \ i<h- .Moi-au's iJcpoits. K.l>.
Hoc. Vol. XX. ThtMibjfct was a»«ouii»lislu'<l and u.arly
owrx tiling' nMuov«Ml safely ovrr tin- ( 'uuilMTlaiul.

fhf wrary uianh toward tin- n-lM-l liurs was ilu-u
hf;;uii. but hVfon* Wf had lost si^ht of llartsvilh* llu-
thuiulrr «»f ranu«»u arross iIm* rivrr auuouu»«Ml to us th<*
arrival of Harlaii and Mill.!-. Inii. alas! lou latr'. U<-
yond riMapturiii;: a f«'W wa-^oiis at thr ford and liriii;^
ii few shots across at the n-hol r«'si*rvo i»r roai- <:uaril,
they could do uoihiu},' for us. liowiv«r, llu-y savrd
luuidi ]»ro]MM-ty. whiih .Moi-;;au's lurn had ovcrh^oko.! or
«ould u«tt nMuovr, aM<l also relieved and saved fi.»iii
«apt un* a iiuuiImm- of our lucii auti soiur otVurrs who had
hiddfu away. The wuu.idod and sitk iu the hospital
wrro n«>t uudosird l.v Mui-au. That rvouiu-r llarlau
and .Milh-r's l»ri;:ados n-iururd to Castilliau Sj. ring's,
Iraviii;:, of ntursc, I ho wouudiMl and siik ai llartsvilh'.
\ido Harlan's KopiUMs. Iv»l>. K*r. V(d. XX.

.Ml day and until in u'dtM-lv at ni-hi i ho rouiuanis
of ilu-'riiiityninth Uri«;adr won- niar«luNl briskly alon«;.
N.» our had ratou a bito sin«v the ni;:hl boforo. Tho
robol soldiors ha«l liith* in ihoir havi*rsarks and thai
litlh-. < Ml II p.iiir. .Many <»f tlu*ni kindly sharod it with
our iiM-n. Having ;:on«' luoiiiylivc iiiih-s wo won* put
in bivouac for llu- ni^dit iu a rcdar biako. Evon horo
wood was hard to ;;<•! for fires, as wo had no axes to «ul
it. Tlio woathor boin;; very rohl and sovi-ral inches of
Muow oil tin* ground, tlicn* was nnnh sufferiui:. N<»
food was ;:iven us. We reali/.eil what it iiieaut to be
prisoners of war. With several rebel re«;iiuenis nu
^iiard about the camp the |ou<^' ni^hi liuailv eiidiil.
The march was le^iui I "H Mi'H.Iav, i he sth, w ithout

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 75

food, and after marching fifteen miles we reached Mor-
gan's headquarters, six mik^s from iMiirfrecsboro, in the
afternoon, nearly famished. The bivouac was again
made in a grove, wood and water were brouglit, and at
dark a half ration of flour and fresh beef was issued,
but no salt for our meat. However, having been sixty
hours with scarcely a mouthful to eat, anything that
would satisfy the gnawings of hunger was welcome,
and, after the most primitive preparation eaten. The
night was j)assed a little more comfortably than the
previous one. The whole of the night was speut in
speculation and gloomy forebodings as to whether we
would be paroled or sent to some rebel prison. During
the day another ration of flour and beef was issued. In
consideration of their good fortune our enemies treated
us very kindly, but allowed no unusual liberties, having
an idea, no doubt, "Yankee" must be a very slippery
fellow and liable to play some Yankee trick upon them.

The hearts of the men of the One Hundred and
Fourth were gladdened on the morning of the 10th by
the news that the Regiment was to be paroled. A little
later we left for Murfreesboro, and when tAvo miles from
town all were ordered to leaA^e their overcoats in a pile
by the road. Morgan pretended that this was don<^ by
order of General Bragg, but no one believed it. On
arrival we were put in the court house yard, then taken
inside by companies, and paroled, each man signing an
agreement and taking an oath not to bear arms against
the Confederate States until regularly exchanged. This
exercise occupied most of the afternoon, during which
time the One Hundred and Fourth were the observed
of all observers. General ^Morgan's name was on all
lips, and he was the hero of the hour among the rebels,
who had no scruples about magnifying the importance
of the victory, the number of killed, of prisoners, etc.
While here the writer secured a copy of the "Rebel
Banner," and this stated Morgan's loss to be 200.

Colonel Hapeman and Major Widmer were not
paroled, but sent to Atlanta and afterward to Rich-
mond, where thej were put in Libby Prison until April

7« THE ONE HUNDRED AND F<»rRTH

113, lMi:{, win-n llifV Wfiv ••.V(liaii;;tul. ("uloiu-l Moure
wa»als«Mlelaiin*d in thf(,\nifeileraty until March.

Tlif paroling' was tinisluMl by nij;lit, and we were
marelu'W um miu- milr ami put in a li»*Ul, when another
half ration was uivm us, luaUiu;; in all one an«l a half
rations of Hour an«l beef re<»'ive«l, an«l on whirh we had
lived four days. Itut not withstanding; our hard usajje
all w«-re in ln'ttrr spirits at the |u-ospeets id" a sprcdy
release fnuu lapt i\ iiy and made the best of a ot)hl niLiht
by thesianty lires.

Karly on the llih w*- >iaii«<l iinch-r rebrl escort for
the I'nion lines and Nashvilh-, thirty miles distant.
Near l.averj^ne, lifteeii miles from Murfreesboro, the
outp»tsts of the two j;r<*at armies ronfronied each other,
nnd the Federal commander, not having been uotitied
of our ai»proarli. mistook us for an advance of the rebels,
and a skirmish follow rd. This caused a delay of seNcral
hours before the mallei- could he ananued umler a tla;^
ef truce,

()ur ;juai'ds fm|»lo\e(l ilie inier\;il in sirip|tiiiu our
men of any remaining o\t'rcoals, of ihcir blankeis and
anyihin;;else in si;^lii or i ha I struck lln'ii- fancy. Hut the
previoiis experience hail put a number on their ;;uai'il
who otln'rwise would ha\e sidTered. These acis afler
(Mir capture were, imlecd, beautiful examjdes <•! the
chivalry and civili/alion of t he Soiit h. There are amein-
lies even in war, which all (hrisiian jMoplc. except
thuKe of the South, have r«'coij:ni/ed,

Lou;; afler dark the < Mie Hundred and I'ourlh
Nle|i|Md within the I'ldon lines, free men, "I^xcept lln-se
bonds," but a^ain under the old lla^'!

<'onlinuin;; the march all ni;:lit, we ijid ikm lem h
Naslnille until daylight, ainl lieie uiei with aiioilier
delay of t w<» hours beftue bein;: Una Iiy quartered in the
ZollicolTer buiMiii;:. (.Now the. Maxwell House. | This
wan nnlinished, with fireplaces in every room. The jiiles
o( tine dry lundier mad** exieljent lir«'s, and after ;,M'tt inj;
nilions havin;; ;;one w it httiit food for t hiriy-six hours,
the Ke;^iment be;:an to feel comfortable, ami settled
dow n I o a w ait w li;i le\ er )li><po>ii inn mi'jht be made of it .

CHAPTER VIII.

Go to Parole Camp at Columbus— Taking French Furloughs— De-
serters—Remove to Camp Douglas— Guarding Rebel Prisoners
—Treatment of Rebel Prisoners— OfC for Nashville— Guarding
the Capitol— Go to Brentwood— Return to Nashville— At Mur-
freesboro— In Beatty's Brigade— Prepare to Advance— Order
for Movement Issued.

It liaviiig- been decided by (xeneral Rosecrjms to
seud the Regiment to tlie parole camp at Columbns,
Ohio, whilst awaiting an exchange of prisoners, we left
Nashville on the 13th, nnder the command of (\iptain
John Wadleigh, of Compa-ny I, In passing (hi-ough Gal-
latin greetings were exchanged with a number of the
One Hnndred and Fourth who were at the depot. We
arrived at Louisville on the morning of the 14th, and,
embarking on the steamer General liuell in the evening,
reached Cincinnati the next morning. It had rained all
night, but this had turned to snow and made things very
dismal.

The men of the One Hundred and Sixth and One
Hundred and Eighth, who had come along, were re-
joiced to reach home once more, where there was plenty
of sauer-kraut and beer, and proceeded at once to their
old haunts. In the evening the One Hundred and
Fourth boarded the cars for G<dumbus, an-iving there
at daylight on the Kith. After standing ji round some
time, we marched out to Camp J.ew ^^'allace, three miles
from the city. As we had no overcoats, and it was in-
tensely cold — and the snow Avas fonr or five inches deep,
all suffered. It was soon learned that all the tents ijud
barracks were full, however the boys managed to find
quarters here and there, but no doubt thought the much
warmer climate we had left M'as preferable, even with a
little iron hail and brimstone thrown in. The only relief
afforded was the certainty of having ]>lenty to eat,

78 THE ONE HrNDKEl* AN1> F<»L HTH

tlu>ii;;li >M* liiiil h' Imiituu iln- «lislirs lo took in. 'IMiis
ciiudition of (liiii;:s lastrd iliriM' tiavs, w Im*ii ilii* iinii-
maiiul was iraiisffntHl l«» Camp Cliasi', oii tin* oiImt si«le
of thf liiv. Wi'Vi' \\v had roiuforiabh' bariarUs ami
hfll I«m! tlou II (o awaii rVfiits.

Hut, liowfvrr, willi iioihiii;; lo tlo aii<l no pail itular
rt»aH«m f«»r rcmaiiiiii;; liciv, most of tlu* iiumi look Fieiu'h
Ifuvi' ami wiMit lioiiif, ritiiiiatcly tln*y all anivcd in
8af«*ty, lull I host* who Iwul no niom-y ilid a j;ood d«'al of
walking;. Al this liim* sonn* wciil who in'Vrr n*inrm*d
lo I In- Ivr^iiiiH'iit, hut iMM-anu* «h'S»*rU'is. Tlu* writer has
no «|oubt but that tln-ir frifmls (?) iKM-snadt-d iht-iii to
«l«'Srrt. M«* iMM-alls two of these who weie absent many
months, inie j^oiii;; to lOniojie, bnt, eonstiem«'-st rickeii,
they n*iiirned, ami were e\er after faithfnl soMieis.
(Mie of them was kilh^l in bat t le and i he oi her died of
iliKiNiKe at Savannah on the "^larrh to t he Sea."

While at <"o|iinibns the Ke;:iinent lost, by death.
I'eiix .Met 'iiljou^ih, of ( 'oiiipaiiy I'., a luave soldier, badly
woniide<l at liartsville, who would not jjo to the hospi-
tal, but staid with the Company : also Lanpjon !>. Mor-
rill, of the same t "omjtany, a not her faithful li^dner.

The welftune iiews was lereived (Ml dan. IL' that the
Ke;,'iiueni had Ium-ii exchanged and «U(lered lo Nashville,
but there were s<» few at Camp Chase ihal Ca|tiain
\\'adlei;xh opened eorresp(Uideiire \\ iih a view to havin;^
the destination rhan;:ed to t"am|> hou^las. 111., where
the men roiild be more easily eo|le<ted. ( )n the l.">th, *H'\-
tiuii ii ]ttts\l'\\i' itViU'V \ii H'\H\\\ at Nashx ille, we left that
♦•veiiiii;; about one hiindied siidiiii. .\irivin;: in <"in
eiiinati. Captain Wadlei^'h saw tieiieial \\iij,dil, eoni-
maiidin;: this depariim-nt, and secure*! a «han;:e in t he
order by whieh theKe;jiment was sent to Camp nou;rh»s,
where it arrived the iH'Xt day, i. o., those who «lid not i;«-t
left or fall off the ears near the Kock Island Junction.
The writer, who had stayed by the boys in every eiiiei-
P'liry was om- of i hosii. u )|,, f,.l| ,,(T and w as absent a few

TlioNi- who iciiiMineil in Caiiiji I»(iu;^1ms were put on
duty ;;uardin;; the liebel j»rlsoiu-r> Ht.(HM> in number

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 79

who had been captured at Arkansas Post, Htone's River
and other points.

General Jacob Anmien was then in <(>ininan(i of
Camp Douglas. The Sixty-fifth Illinois, Coh.ncl Cam-
eron, and the Ninth Vermont were also on duly there at
this time.

The members of the One Hundred and Fourth began
to return, until by the end of February we mustered
over 700 men. Having no field officers," Cai)taiu Wad-
leigh continued in command.

The winter had been severe and was particularly
unpleasant to our prisoners. About fifteen or twenty
per day took the oath of allegiance and were sent home,
but some not daring to go remained north.

About February 15 those of the One Hundred and
Fourth at Gallatin, Tenn., with the wounded who had
recovered, returned to us and met with a warm wel-
come.

The Regiment began to look like its former self but
did not feel exactly right without its field officers who
were still in Libby Prison.

The proximity of Camp Douglas to the city, though
outside of it, made our situation more pleasant, and all
had an opportunity to get acquainted with some of the
mysteries of Chicago and its attractions. Attending the
theater was a mucli sought amusement; getting a
square meal at some favorite restaurant was seldom
omitted.

But no one could leave Camp Douglas without a
I^ass and the details were so made that a number could
obtain these each day, if desii-ed. The writer came on
duty once a week as officer of the guard, he therefore
had much time to himself.

The winter months passed rapidly away and by
March 2.5 the Regiment mustered 770 men. At this time
Colonel Moore having been exchanged, returned, was
serenaded, and made a characteristic speech. Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Hapeman and Major Widmer came back
later.

Much having been written and said about the ti-eaf-

10 THE ONE liUNDHKD AND FOURTH

liieiil of ilu* KflH'I luistnuTs in ('auii» l><>u;:la8 in iIm*
wiiHriMif IMIL' :?, tin* wii(»*r«h*sir«-K to say Uvn\ iliut iii«*ii
wiTf Ui'M'V In-nt-r tivairtl iliaii llifsr. TIm'V wwe pi»»-
vidtnl Willi as warm ami coiiilortal»l«' tuiartiMs as our-
Ki'lves, ffil tlu'sauu* rations -iiulinlin;; soft bn-ad, mon*
tliaii any man rouM or iliil cat; lia«l tin* lirst miMlical
aiirndamr u ln-n sitk; wm* ;;iM*n rloihin^' and
blanivfts l>y a ;:«'n«'rous ;;ovrrnmcnt a;;ainsi wliirii iln*y
had rflM'IIfil; w«'rr iillowinl the fretMiom .ii th.- ramp,
and ronid trade at the jiost sutler's if tht-y had moni*y;
bnl tlu*y had no '*Ni^';:i'rs" to mi their \\o(mI, which was
fnrnislicil in j^cm-rons <|uaniiiics. Such was the iicat-
nicni ;;ivcn ihcm.

iMirin;^; .March, a curicl of cxchan;:!' havinu Imimi
arran^c<l, lar;;c niimlicis of ihcni were sent olT
iiaily. It was m»iicc;ihh- ihai I hey were in ]nime
condition and read.v to cnicr at dikc iiiio t lie
ser\ice of theii' master, .lelTerson havis, anil ihis ihey
did, mnch t«» the j;rat ilication d (he lehel generals, who

solM'ly needed I hem.

Tile fonowinji o|lic«*rs resi;;lied after the ballh' of
IlartHviUe and previous to our h-avin;; Camp l)ou;;his:
<'aptain Talnier, romjiany K. I'eb. I's, ls»;:5; laeiiteiianl
.lames Snedaker, t 'oinpaiiy 1 ). I )ec. ;;i. 1 ^tij; Lieutenant
rharles ]•]. Weber. ( 'oiMpany I, I'eb. !•, \S{\:\\ Lieutenant
Samuel d. liauey, ( 'oui|iauy (1, March S, jsi;:*,; Lieuten-
ant KobeiM \'. Simpson. ( ".ini|>aiiy < I, A |iril L lSt'»:>; ('a]>-
tain Samuel M. 1 1 eshi, ( '.un pa uy < \ Mai* h M, \Si\:\.

As the A|uil days a|ipr<>ached ;;u;»rdiu^ prisoners
l>ecitme inoiioioiious ami the Ke;:imenl be^^an to \\ ish
for more active service. TIm* desired chan;;e came soon.

i )r«lers were receivjMl on the KMh to be rea<ly to h'ave
on April IL' for the front. (Jeneral Kosecrans hail been
noiiiii'd that he could lune either the Ninth Xeiiunut
or the One Hundred and Fourth. Me ie|e;:raphe<l f<u-
the latter, thus showinj; that In* had not fiUi;oiteii the
li;:ht in;; ipia lilies exhibit e<l at llartsville.

( Ml Sunday, .\pril t'J. ihetiue Hundred ami I^Mlrlh
bade a ;;lad farewell to ('amp l>ou;:las and inari hiu'j:
to th«' earn left at i n for Louisville. Ou arri\al ai

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 81

LaFayette, Ind., at eight in the eveniii';-, we found a big
supper prepared by the patriotic and generous citizens^
awaiting us. A committee had been sent to meet the
Regiment a few miles out. There was an abundance of
everything that hungry men coukl desire, and wlien —
after an hour spent in feasting, the cars bore us away^
all voted the people of LaFayette to be the most gener-
ous and hospitable in the world. The officers of the Regi-
ment gathered in one of the cars and resolved them-
selves into a committee of the whole, for the purpose of
considering the extraordinary courtesy shown and pass-
ing such resolutions as seemed proper. Lieutenant
Osman acted as secretary. Speeches were made and
nnmerous resolutions complimenting everybody, from
the railroad officials and the committee and people of
LaFayette, to the waiters who served the feast, were in-
troduced and discussed. The meeting did not break up
until long after midnight, and all of the pent-up patriot-
ism in the assembly had found expression, and the ef-
fects of the excellent champagne had worked off.

The Regiment arrived in Jeffersonville at dark on
the 13th, and as on a former occasion bivouacked on
some vacant lots near the depot.

The next day, the 14th, news was received of the
death of Lieutenant William Brush, of Company D^
who had been left in Chicago, very sick. Crossing o\4er
the Ohio, we took the cars in the evening for Nashville.

The cars ran slow all night and we did not reach.
Bowling Green until half past nine on the 15th. Some
soldiers of various regiments— except the One Hun-
dred and Fourth — convicted and sentenced for misde-
meanors, whom we had brought along, Avere left here
to work on the fortifications.

When about to proceed on our journey a report was
received that the guerrillas were disturbing the track
and trains ahead, in consequence of which Company A
was detailed to guard the mail car.

But nothing positive was encountered until we ar-
rived within eight miles of Gallatin, where the telegraph.'
poles had been cut down. Company A disembarking

82 THE ONK UrNPRED AND FOURTH

was (lr|tluMMl ami mairlnMl suiiif «listaiu»'. Inn fail»Ml
to tlrvt'lop aiiv irhi-ls.

Tlif Wfiiry riilf imhWmI at t»Mi in tlu' cveniiijj: wlieu
Nashvillf was rearluMl. Tlini snlilirriii;: iM'jraii in car-
lU'St. I.raviii;; lh«* «ai-s tin* Kr^iiiin'iit mairlnMl ovrr the
CumluTlainl and l»i\(Hiark«Ml at llu* «'asi rinl uf tin*
bri«lp*. ill iIm* siil»iirl» «»f IMjirlii-ld. Tin- iii;;lit was
^vanii. ami w«* lay tlowii — as on many ju'evions oc-
casions, and \\ ia|t|M'd in our Idanktt s t-n joyed sncli sl(M>p
as kin^s mi;:lil fn\y.

Thf next day, llir 17th, was warm ami lo\«'ly, and
havin«; no trnts sonn* w«'i<* roust iiictrd from Idankcts,
whii-h served to jm-oIimI ms fiom i In- heat of i lie siin.

Tin* K«';,Mmont was assi^^m-d lo tin* Fonilli I>i\ision,
I'onittM'ni li Coips, rnloiH'l Smith t»f tin* Sixteenth Illi-
nois, coniniandin;^ a jiaii of ihe Division.

\N'e now had to furnish details for pieket duty
around Kil;:elield, ami take up the regular duties of a
soldiei's life. ()ur Idvouar was named <'amp .Moore.

The ( Mie llundi-ed and l-'ourth remained at ('amp
Mot»n* until tin- iMlth and wliile here receiM-d the new
^'shelter tenis" reeenllv inliodured into the service.
We were disposed at liist to re;^aiil them with ilistrnst,
and they w«Me railed "Do^" and "ruj*" tents by the hoys,
but their advanta;;es soon heeame known. ICa<h was
coiupose<l of two piec<>s of »anvas four l>y six feet in
bIzo, and rahulated to sheliei* two men. (Mi the marrh
oa<'h soldier carried one piece. They were waterproof,
li;;lit and easily pitched, the pie<es iMiltonin;:: top'ther
over the rid;j«* pole. The ;;ieal benefit was in the fact
of the siddier always havin;:: his house w ilh him on his
back. |{olh oflireis and pli\ates were destined |() hid
u h»n^ farew ell to i he old "Sildey."

The Kejiimeni left ('amp Moore on I lie l!(llh :Uld
ruan-liinj; thr«ni;,'h Nashville, camped ou the south side
near I'orl Ne;;|ey one of the (liain of earthworks
erect«'d lo ;xuard the ap|tioa<h froiu the south. The
cnnip was made on a steep hillside froui w hence we had
a trnuid view of Nashville and the count rv round it.
.TuMl lielow lay the "(imnny White Tnruiiike" ;im im-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 83

portaiit tlioronj^lifai-c and one used by holli arinios in
militarj inovenieuts. The <;reat drawback to this camp
was the difficulty experienced at nij^ht in tryino- to keep
in bed, there was a pei'iu'tnal tenchMicy wliHe ash'ei) to
eithei- roll or slide out, and one very s()nnd sleeper j:;et-
tiiii-- adrift one ninht act ually Avent to the bottom of 'the
liill, and in the morninj,^ was much puzzled on wakinj^
up to find himself parted from his "Pu])" tent.

The One Hundred and T'ourth was en<;a<i-ed here
until May 4 in drilling, ],i,-k(>t and jiuard duty, and in
escortinji railroad su])ply trains to Murt'reesboVo where
General Kosecrans lay with the main arm v. The
weather continued to be of the loveliest. In iiitervals

of duty Nashville was much visited. The ('ai>i(<)l a

very fine buildino ,»f stone and marble was Guarded in
turn by companies or details from the Regiment. From
the dome of the Capitol there was visible a graml i)ano-
rania of scenery seldom equaled. The lon<i lines of forts
and earthworks, bristling- with cannon and garrisoned
by Union soldiers, stood in bold contrast with the beau-
ties of nature shown by hill and vallev, and fertile
fields, through which the waters of the (^imbin-land
wound their way to the Ohio; all made for peace, com-
merce, prosperity and happiness, but now blasted by
the desolation of war.

^Sometimes standing or wandering around the broad
porticos of the Capitol, and drinking in all of the beauty
and richness of this goodly land, it seemed iini)ossible
to realize that we were here as invaders and conquerors,
surrounded by treason on every hand, with vast rebel
armies but a few miles distant.

Few will forget tlie Ackland ]dac(^ which we had
to furnish details to guard. This was about one mile
from our camp, and the large and princely residence
situated in the midst of a ten acre plat'of ground
was surrounded by elegant gardens and greenhouses,
and an abundance of statuary. The owner was sup-
posed to be a Union man, but tliis might not mean much.
On the 4th of May the Regiment was ordered to
Brentwood ten miles south of Nashville. On arrival we

M TUi; "M: 111 M'Ul.l* aM» fourth

Wi-ul into lainp in a ln-anlifnl j;r«tvi' uf lar^f tifcs, an«l
near tin* Littif llarpcth river.

Wf fouMjl luTt' a luij;a«U' of infanii v and a rej;iuieut
of ravaliv, Colont'I Dan. .MtCook, coniniandin;;. Tlie
li<-j;inn'nl was atta«h»Ml to ihis lui^Mtlr icnipoiaiilv.

Tliis I'o.st wais an important one and lialdc to attack
at any tinn*, llu-i-ffon* liravy picki-t liins wwv main-
tained and cfasclcsK vi;;ilanre pi-evaiNd. UrijiaUc and
battalion drill otrnpied several lionrs eadi tiay. The
small fort alreatly l>uill nn lien we arrived was fnrther
8iren;:thened. On lie- llili .lolm M. .Mellon, of ('«tm-
pany li, was wonnded l»y jinerrillas while on picket.

.Major W'idnier arrive«l on the 1m U and was \\e|-
(•t»m«'d hy a speech, serenade, etc. While at llreiituood
rumors of the captnre of Kichintuid an<l Nickslnn ;: \\<'r<»
ret'eivtMl and were so wi-ll ciediied ihai i he siddi«*rs ;;[ot
Up an im|>roni|)tn celeliraiion in the e\enin;:: liy parad-
in;i aronnd with lighted candles |daced in the mn/./les
of their ^nns. It was ascertained later that ihe**ldow
out" was sli;;litly premature. The lesnll was a lar;;e
nnmher of elon;;aled faces the ne\i i\A\.

Lieutenant -( 'oloiiel lla|Mnian arrived on iheLMsi and
was accorded a warm reicpiion in the usual .\nierican
style.

We received news on the l!Mh (»f the occupation of
Jackson, .Miss., ami the success of ( Jrierscui's raid.

The com|>anies hail been practicing target shooiin;;
for some days. .M. Kirk|»at rick, itf < 'onipaiiN I >. niakin-j
the best shot of any one in that command.

At t a. in. of the 'JSth. the huii: r<dl called us to aims
and we moved int(» the foi-i, evpeciin;; an attack, but
theenemvdid iu»t materiali/e. The brii;ade reiniilned
under arms until noiui.

A n order <-anie on l he .'td of .Fnne for the KeL:innii(
to rejMirt at Nashville, .\fiei- helpin;: t<» destroy tin'
works. \\t' left in the aftei-nonn. and reached our foi-mer
cami> at twelve that ni;:ht, w here we remained inact ive
until .fjtiie 7th.

In pursuance (if an oidei- recei\ i-d on ( he (ii h in join
Hm* .\rmy of the ( 'uniberhmd at M uiTreesboin. tju'

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 85

Kegimeiit reported there on the 7th and was assigned
to the First Brigade, Second Division, Fourteenth
Army Corps, coniiiianchMl respectively by (lenerals
John Beatty, James S. Xcgh'y antl George 11. Thomas.

The One Jhmdred and Fourth had at last found its
proper position among veteran troops, beiug brigaded
with the Fifteentli Kentucky, Forty-secon<l and l-^ighty-
eightli Indiana regiments, that bore upon tlieir ban-
ners tlie brilliant legend "Stone's Kiver," while our
brigade commander had won his star on that bloodv
field.

The military preciseness and air of business that
pervaded everything and everybody in this great armed
camp of 60,000 men produced at once an impression
of awe and respect never to be forgotten. . The etfects
of strict military disci])line were visible in the clean
and regularly laid out camps, as well as in the soldierly
bearing of the men. It was evident that the days o*^f
Avild and independent "Jayhawkiug" over the coun-
try, to which we had been accustomed, were ended.
Therefore with becoming resignation the One Hun-
dred and Fourth settled down to get acquainted with
the new surroundings and more exacting duties.

From this date until the 24th of June the Regiment
had its time fully occui)ied. Brigade drill began at
four o'clock a. m. and lasted until six; breakfast at
half past six; rest until nine; then company or battal-
ion drill until eleven; when we rested until two p. m.;
after this we had brigade or division drill until six.
Thus there was little time for idleness, a condition that
the increasing heat would have made agreeable, had
not the iron hand of military authority prevented.

A few days after our arrival. Lieutenant Osman
and the writer fell into a piece of clover that removed
them to a position on th(^ staff of General Beatty as
Aides de Camp and precluded the necessity of doing
any more walking for some time. The latter having
been almost born on horseback found himself again
in his natural element, but it is conjectured that Lieu-

M

THi: «iN"E HI NDUKF) ANI* ForUTH

IfiiJiiii <»Mii;iii It'll iiion- ;ii ln>iin- «-ii i<ii:i liiiiia llian
oil ilir liark of a praiiriiiji war Iioim-.

'I'Im- wrilrr, ilin»uii iiilo iiiiimaic assoriaiioii uitli
tin- iiriHTal ami his stall, rxiMMii-iiml at liisl iIm- dis-
a(lvant2i;:«*s arisiii;; from his voiith ami iiaiiiiai fJilVi-
ilriHc, but with a« t|iiaiiitaini' this fiM-liii;; \\or«* oil. As
f«»r "Mosr" hr ha<l Immmi a s<thli«'r in the .Mexican war
ami was iimlaiiiittMl l»y aii\ t hiii;; <'Xr«*i»i the probh-m «tf
how to ridr pio|MMl\. TIm' flT»Mt, howrvrr, was aluavs
strikiii;;.

I'<»r iiiaiiv iiioiitlis (it-m-ral Koscciaiis ha«l 1»c«mi |U<'-
pariii;; foi- a ;;it'al forward iiiovi'iiH-nt, by r('or;:aiii/iii;;
aiui nM-niiliii;i his army — parti<nlarly Hn- (avalry;
acciiiinilat in;: imiin'iisc supplies of rations in .MiirfriM's-
boro; ami bnihlin;; an inipiciinabh* line of forts and
• •art hw oiUs around the town. In ar(oni|dishin;4 the
Ilcrrnh'an task hf liaij int't with nuinorons <d>sta«h'S
which nciiJM'r Hh- ( iii\ crnniciii m- pcindf conld under-
stand or ap|Ucciat<'. Like his ^^rcat Lieutenant. <Ien-
oral Thonias, he had been accused of bein;: too sh»\\
and cautious. Hut about duiu' 1st all the indications
pointed toward inoi-e active «>perations. the outlyinji
rf;;imeiits, bri;;a«les and divisions, were ad\anced
nearer the front. The Ifeserve ('orps, composed of the
I'Mrst, Second and Third hi\isions, was oiuani/ed and
put under t he command of ( i<n* ral < iiudon < ! ranker.

<ieneral Kosecrans cnnld now mo\f <in ihe enemy
with an elTective force uf ri.'»,mKi men well armed and
(lisci|diiied.

<ieneral lira;;;: wiili an arm\ of aiioui .Mi.ikmi men
(Vide his reports, lleii. loc.. \o|. :{:{) occupied stronj;:ly
entrenched positions in our front exieudinu to Tulla-
lioina, sixty miles distant. Ilesides the foil ilicat ions
his lines were well protected by nature, ilie ctuinirv
beiii;.' rou^h ami hilly with few roa«ls, and these ran
through the ^a|is in liie hills sometimes for seN'eral
miles, makin;: their defense easy if attacked in fittiit.

Kut <ieii« ral |{<»se»i;ins had tluu-ou^hlv studied the
Hit mi t ion w it li I he mind of m sI raleMJsi, Mud .ii last, on

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 87

the 23(1 of June, everything being in readiness, issned
a general order for tlie Army of the ('Hnil)erland to
move on the enemy early on the 24tli.

However, to cover his real designs, (Jeneral <Jor-
don Granger's Corps and the cavalry began the execu-
tion of a movement, intended as a feint, uitt»n the
enemy's left on the 2.'>d.

The order for the advance was hailed with joy by
the soldiers of the Army of the Cnmberland, who had
unbounded confidence in their General and affection-
ately called him "Old Tiosey."

All a])plied themselves to the busy task of itrcjtar-
ing for a campaign the extent, duration and resiilts of
which the Avisest could not foretell, but which had
for its object the defeat and destruction of Bragg's
army and the possession of Chattano(>ga — the very
gateway to the inmost South.

niAPTKH IX.

The Tulliitionia Cumpulifn— Advunce to Ho«>ver'8 Gap— Wllder'B
CI>«rB«'— MfC<H>k at LUnTty (Jup— <X^cu|»Htlon of Mnnchoster
— Htaity» nrlKJide 8«*nt to inil«b<.n>— Attack«Ml by Cavalry—
ReJoliiH Nt-gk-y— HraBK HotreatM— Tullalmnui Occupied— Beat-
tyn Advante to Elk Rivor— S«'Vfn MII.h of FlKhtlng— Stock-
ado L*Hpiurt»d by a Detachment of the One Hundred and
Fourth— TJie Rebels Fall Rack— Rejoicing over Oettysburg
uikI \'i.W>.1.iii IT - In «'amp.

Ill all tlif liiNioiv of tin- war tlnTf an' no more
iiUfivsiiii;,' ami iiisinici ivr Irssoiis lo iln* militarv stu-
dent than thos«* alTonhMl by tin* TiillalKHiia ami ('hi»k-
aman;,M rampai;:iis, inaMj^iiiatctl l>y (JcmTal iJosccraiis
a;:ainst iifiinal Uiaj:;: willi I lie iniiiiaiy olijccts in
virw of not onl,\ rc^iainiii;: pMssfSsion of tin* vast terri-
tory ••xtrmliii;: lo the 'rmm'ssiM' ii\»'i-, which had Imm'Ii
ac<|iiirtMl aii«l ahandoncil by Umll ih<- inrctMlin^' yrar,
]>ut also |>assiii;: Itryond that ^icat water harrier, ami
»ii-aliii;^ the niuiintaiii systems that hem it in ^ain
the covetetl prize of ( 'hattanoojxa — whi<h, indeed,
seemed seeun- eiioiij^li from rapture, situated in the
midst of <;reat natural defenses and protected l»y a
viMeian army li;:lii iii;;^ on its own soil. Najioleon in
erossin;; the Alps only had to contend with the condi-
tioRH imposed liy nature at an unfaNoralde season.
iJeiieral Kos«M-rans not only had to overcome mitural
<d»sia< les as ;:real, hut also to concjuer or «lri\t' lia»k
an opposin;; army nearly as larp' as his <;wn, and one
A\ hich he never conletuplaled would surrender s<» ;:ieat
and vital parts of the Ton fedc-racy with the nminl ..m-
He<pn-mes involx.'d, without a de<isive hatih-. Tliere-
fore. ha\ in;; I his alw ays in \ iew he conceiv cd ami he;;an
the ^M-and slnile;jir movements cah iilaied to acconi-
plish the idijects luelititMied.

From the inception of the (ampai;;n iln- hisiuiv oT

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 89

the parts borne by the One llnndred and Fonrth
b(M'anio so blended with those of not only its Brigade
and Division, but of the niij^hty human niarhiiu* of
which it also formed a part, as to render an account of
all in a concise and general way, necessary — in order
to have an intelligent appreciation of its own actions
in connection therewith.

At daylight on the moi-ning of the 24th of June, the
Army of the Cumberland, embracing, besides the
Reserve Cori)S, those of McCook, Thomas and Critten-
den, or the Twentieth, Fourteenth and Twenty-first
Corps, were set in motion and marched away on three
dilfereut roads toward the south in (juest of Bragg's
urmy. #

The weather was anything but ])i"oi»itious, the rain
falling in torrents and continuously all day, luaking
the roads very muddy and a<lding to the discouifort
of the men, who were, however, somewhat protected
from the inclemency of the storm by the small rubber
ponchos which the Government had issued to every
soldier, and which served to jjrotect their arms as well
as persons, being uSed at night also, as the substratum
of very humble beds in the mud.

The spectacle of over 00,000 men, infantry, artillery
and cavnlry, drawn up in martial array and tiling off
in long lines over the level ]daiiis of Murfreesboro, fol-
lowed by immense Avagon trains — which, if arranged
in a single line would have extended forty miles, could
never be forgotten b}' those who composed this grand
army.

As anticipated by General Rosecrans, the feint
movements made by his troops on the enemy's left and
center by our right succeeded, and the main ])art of the
army was thrown rapidly against tlieir right in the
direction of Manchester and Tullahoma, thus Hank-
ing the heavy fortifications at Shelbyville, where the
enemy expected to be attacked, and forcing Bragg to
fight on ground of General Rosecrans' own selection
or run.

General McCook, after starting on the Shelbyville

M THK ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

t iirii|iik«- ami (Iciiioiist laiiii;; li«iivil\ in iliat tliitM t iuii^
<l«>lltM((Ml Ills tli\i>;iuiiK to iIm* l«*ft tMwartI IJImtiv <iap,
whitli In- fiMMnI sti-oii^ly «lrfrinlt'<l, Iml pushiii;: raj»i<llv
lir «mi\«*|i»immI I In* fii«Mii\'s llaiik aiul iM-fMic iii^ihi. afi»*r
««ni>ii|i'ral»l«- sUiiiiiisliiii;; ami li;:lilinj:. <lit»\«* liiiii |h'II-
liifll lhiMii;;li iIm- <iait, a ilisiam«* of two miles.

<V>Mt«MH|M»rain*«»Msl V. <icii»ral rimniMs, witii liic
FoiirHMMiih .\nii\ <'orps, athamiMl oii ilic Mamlicslcr
Tiinipikf. aiitl ( 'lit ifmlfii's ('ui-|»s lowani Iliad v\ ilk*

ill SU|l|Ml|-t.

\\ ilii«T*s llii;iatl«- of iiititiiin-il iiifaiiliy, wiili i1m'
ifsi of lv«>ymt|(ls' Division, Ird ilu* a<lvam-«* of ;lir i'our-
itM'iiili, Kossraii's ami Nr;:lfV*s IHvisi(»iis fulluwin^.

W il«lf!- fm-MimirrtMl iIm^ii-Im'I jti«kcis sr\«*n milrs
out aii<l imisIumI over iImmii. Ilr iImmi, with his usual
iiii|M't iiosit \ , atlarkt'*! tin* icscivrs at Hoover's (laj)
aii<l ilrovr tho ••iniif fono through tin* (l(*('|i <li*lilf—
!lii«*f iiiih*s ill h*ii;;:th. to the soiitln'iii ciiiramc, where
the th'ee rebel liiij^ades of Hates, Wharton ami Lid-
dell lay ill a stioii;;^ position. < Mi the way Wilder t-ip-
tnred nine wa;:ons and some prisoners. As the enemy
proposed to fi^llt, W'ildel- disposed his ^iallaiit tlire«*
Illinois ami two Indiana re^iiineiits with his howitzers
and tell pounder litled Kodnian i:nns on the hills and
awaited the onset. The enemy, after tirini:. and ro\-
«Ted liy artillery, rliar;:ed in a spirited manner se\eral
limes, lint eonld not resist Wildei's repeat ini: ritles.
Tliey tiirm*il and lied, leaving their dead and wonmhd
on the lield. It was weH that they did, as lieyiiohls
now raim* nit with twn lni;^atles. The Nictory was
important. ;:ained wit'i a loss to us of si.vty-om* killed
and \\iinndi*d, while that of the enemy was l)\e hnn-
dnMJ. iifiieral Kosei-rans on snrv«*yinj; the ;:roimd,
remarked, "Wilder has saved ns thonsands of meii."

Iiarkiiess roinin;j on, the operations of the day
rloHiMJ, and the entire army hivoiiarked for the ni;;lit
in the iiiidsi of rain and iniid. <hir Division went into
camp at lU^ Creek Kossean's in ad\ am-e.

The niornin;: of the 1,'otli <law tied npoti ns rainy and
»lark with lleery rioiids of mist lian;:iii;i o\er the niiuin-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 91

tains. The ai-iiiy was aj^aiii set in motion and, as on
the 24tli, steadily drove the enemy at all points. Xej;-
ley moved at ten in supi)ort of Kosseau and Keyn(dds
at Hoover's Gap, the latter meeting- with considerable
opp(>sition and losiii*;- a nnniber in killed and wounded.
Ueatty's Krii;a<le, as it drew near<'r about <tne o'clock,
witnesse<l a i»art of the tij^ht, but was not orch'red into
it, and later went into camp near the trap, where there
Avas a store. Hqme of the boys made a raid on this
and on some bee hives in the vicinity. After a time
General Keatty sent the writer to disperse the raiders,
but the bees contributed more effectually to that end.

In the afternoon the enemy attempted to retake a
portion of Liberty Gap, occupied by Jtdmson's Divi-
sion of McOudv's ('ori)s and made a (les]>erate tiiiht, but
was repulsed in every attack, with a loss of one hun-
dred killed, and seven hundred and fifty wounded, while
that of Johnson was two hundred and thirty-one killed
and wounded.

Thomas and Crittenden continued to advance on the
2('tli in the midst of a continuous rain over roads almost
im])assab]e, and in the face of considerable o])p()sition
to the former, but at night Thomas arrived within five
miles of Manchester and occu]>ied a strong' position
A\Iiicli would compel Bra<^g" to j^ive up Tullahoma and
his entire line of defenses, or fight, in which latter case
the whole army could be massed on his left and crush it.

Negley's Division moved in support of Kosseau and
Keynolds, hearing caniKuiading all day ahead, and at
night bivouacked at Beech Grove in high sijirits over
the uninterrupted successes.

McCook's and Grangei*'s Gorps remained inactive
on the 2tith, awaiting tlu^ result of General Thomas'
operations.

Early on the 27th Wilder's advance dashed into
Manchester, surprising and capturing some rebel
guards. The rest of the Fourteenth (''ori)s, Keynolds
in advance, soon followed, but the last of it did not
arrive until midnight on account of the condition of the
roads. The larger part of the trans])ortation Avas left

n THK ONE HL'NDREIJ AND FOl^RTH

iiiilrs bi'hiiul. IJralljk's J{ii;4a«l«-, l»'a\iii^ at li\f a. iii.,
;;iiariic4l the Divinion wap»u train tlin»u;;li to .Maii-
rlifsltT aiitl (-aiMprtl. \N'«* wtic ilicii only Iwrhc milts
from 'i'ullalioiiia.

.Mi<'<K»k's ('or|>s, iiaviii^ iioiliiii;; to opposf it,
iiiarcluil for MamlM'sirr. <iraii;;«*r's ror|>s tiicouiitrrtMl
NN lui'ItT at tiiiv's (nip, tlrovr liiiii into Shrlhwilh* and,
iiftrr liani li;:litin;;, arross Duck Kiv«r. with a h)ss to
\N h«-«'h'r of his artilh-rv, two hiiinlir«l kilh'il and
woiinih'il, jind live hundrt'il taken ]»risoii«'i-s.

'I'hi* day's o|MM'ations ah>n;; the whoh* line ha«l ht-cn
8Urc('SNfiil, and at ni;:ht the iMieniy was in hasty retreat
from his extended aiid elaborate system of foitilira-
tions, i'videiitly only anxious to ^^et Im-vouiI iIh- reaeh
of his adversary.

The fidl measure o| the smress o| <iene|;il Ko>e-

4-rans' strate;:y hecame j^eiierally known on the L'Sl h,
Sunday, and raised the enthusiasm of the Army of
the ('umlteiland to the highest point, whilst their
admiration for their leader was unhiMindetl.

Hut mindful thai only a small part of the work
to he areoniplished had been eompletetl, (leUel'al Kose-
rrans ordered <ieneral TlKunas to push the enemy to
the utmost, while lie waited for Mrru.ik aiul ("ritten-
den. wim weie still slru;:;,din;r di'speialely in ilie lear
jnidsl mud ami rain, to rearli Maiieheshr.

Therefore ( 'leneial W'ildei- Nvasseiii ill da\li::iii on
the L'Sih, with his mounted infantry to break ilie lail-
road south of Deeherd ami I'lk river. sa\e ih.- bridues
]iml delay the enemy.

To SUDpoit Wilder's mo\emenl. Thomas oldeled
< Jeiieral .lolin |{eat ly to move wii li oui r.rii^ade lo I lills-
boio. eijjht mileH from Mamhesier. on tin- enemy's
extreme ri^ht. Our |uospeei for a Sumlay rest was
thus smldenlv emled and at ten the nri;:ade fell into
line and manhed o|Tthroui:li I he w<»ods ovi-r eXt-erable
roads, rohmel '!'. ]'. Nirholas wjis also ordered to
n-porl with his First Hattalion of the Seeond Kentueky
<'avalrv t.MJerieral Ih-atty at liillsboio. The Ilii^^nde
arrived at its destination late in the afleruonu and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 93.

went into camp in the outskirts of the tumble down
vilhige at a point covering tlie old Chattanooga road.
The position was an exposed one far from support, and
a strong picket line was established, while the com-
mand was cautioned to be in constant readiness for
jjossible attack. Meantime the rain continued to make
things disagreeable. No fires Avere allowed after dark.
The men erected what shelters they could and lay down
to rest. About twelve in the night tiring was heard on
the picket line held by the Cavalry. General Beatty
arousing the writer, who was sound asleep, sent him
to ascertain the cause. The IJi'igade was awakened
and stood in line of battle until daylight. It was found
that Colonel Nicholas had been attacked, but the enemy
did not follow it up. However, there was no more sleep-
ing done that night, Ceneral Beatty and staff standing
with the rest — horses in waiting, ready to mount, or
occasionally visiting the outposts.

We remained here until noon of the 29th, when
Ceueral Beatty was ordered to join the Division in the
direction of Tullahoma, at Bobo's Cross-roads, eleven
miles from us by the shortest road, which was also
exposed to attack from the enemy's cavalry, who were
in close proximity to us and in sight. Starting imme-
diately by a cross-road that led through a barren, low
country covered with a thin timber growth, Ave had
gone four miles Avlien a dash was made by the enemy
on our caA'alry at the head of the column. The attack
was repulsed with a loss, to Colonel Nicholas of Lieu-
tenant Jenkins killed, one wounded and one captured.
AV<^ ha<l been marching in c(duniu down a narrow lane,
but (leneral Beatty at once deployed the Brigade in
line, Avith the artillery (Hewitt's liattery) in the center,
and thus formed, we advanced through the fields and
woods, but no further attack Avas uuide. About five
p. m. AA^e Avere suddenly alarmed by tAA'o cannon shots
and musketi'A' firing in front. The Brigade then took
position near a log barn and fence, ready for battle.
The scouts coming in reported the enemy advancing
in force with artillery. Soon after the caA^alry reported'

M THE ONK HT'NPRED AND FOURTH

ilif Mi|i|Mi>fil i-in-m\ i<i Im- <»iir own tri>(>|>s of UcvimMs'
I>ivisitin. 'riii* si-attniii;; sli«>is lia<l iiijin'cd iiu uiic, and
\\f uutvtMl till to Hollo's, w ln'ii* wi* ftiuinl ilif it'si of
Nf^lfv's I>ivisi«iii aii«i \\«mii iiiio raiii|i.

Tiic division r«'iiiaiii«-<l in iaiii|i on iIm- iliMli, ami
tlir One lhiiiilr«*<l and roiiiili, lifin^ on short laiions,
nia«lr np tin* s«ani allouan«r liy ^lailinin^ iIImmumI
wlirjit from a ti«'l<l ami Iwiilin^ ii, ami also frastnl on
.sirav ho;;s fonnd in i In* w immIs. TIm' \n liltT was onlrrtMl
to rrjMiri to (MMMTal Nr^ilrv «'ail\. wliirli lie (lid. and
wais srnt l»> him with sonn- oidnlirs from I li'ad<|ii-ir-
trrs iiark to .Mamhrstcr for forap' to feed ilw artil-
l«*rv ho|-s«*s, also snjijilit's. \\ C startt-d and tin' roads
ht-in;: impassabh' |»i«k«'d onr wax ihroiii:li tin* woods.
4)11 arrival and r('|ioriinj; lo Hri<^adr (ommissary
W'flls. In- loaded n|i a pack train of mnh's with whirh
\\«* starii'd hark, and on t ho way rnnninu a<i*<»ss a do/.cn
head of rat t h- diox •• i hom into tamp, w Ikic w r arris od
at dark. .Ml of tho snjiply trains wrro ai Manrlnsii'r
or mirili of their, nnahh- to mo\»'.

'The mo\('in«'nts of the army on the ;'.(Mh were «on-
tim*d maiidy'lo elosin^' up on 'ruJIalioma. Stray riti-
Zfiis coinin;; in reported Hra;:;: as evacnalin^, there-
fore (leneral Sieedman's hri^ade with one of Sheri-
dan's ami Ke\ nolds' adNam-ed to within two miles of
the town, Imi met wit h a spirited op|iosit ion fr<im reliel
infantry and artillery, hisinLr lifteeii men. I'eariniL' :»
niKi'jind it lieiiiL; altont dark. Sterdmaii lialied r«>r the
nii^iit.

I-'arlv on .hil\ I>.| he a;:ain a<l\amed and entered
Tnllahoma at noon. .\ few prisom'is were taken, Imt
the main army hail ^one. In confoiniity with this
movement tin* oihei- hixisions ino\«M| forward. Ne«;-
le\'H leadin;:, snpported liy IJossean's.

heallx's ltri;^ade liein;.: in fioni had ^one alioiit fonr
miles when our battalion ..f .a\alr\ was snddeiilv
atlarked. hnt the emMnV fell hark a mile or so. when
he opened n|Min us with a masked liaiterv of artillerv,
onr halterx replh-d and for half an hour kept n|i a
Ii\el\ fusil hide Theie w ,-V' three rasnaltii's in t he ( Mie

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 96

Hiiiidred and Fourth, amon<>- them, Corporal George
Wine of Compay K, who was killed by a solid shot.
Meantime the infantry were sh)wly feelinjj;' their way
through the woods and uiKhM'bnish. The wcallicr
being very hot many were snnstruck. The enemy again
limbered up their battery and retired half a mile to
Spring Creek Pass, where another artillei'y dnel fol-
lowed. Thus our r»riga(U' drove them from ])hice to
place for seven niih^s and until dark, to a ])oint near
Heftner's Mill. The other brigades of Negley's Divi-
sion had followed within close supporting distance all
da}^ Strong pickets were thrown out to the front and
right, while Kosseau picketed the left and rear.

The day's work had b(HMi hard but most satisfac-
tory. The intense heat had prostrated many and Sur-
geon Dyer with his assistants were busy all day.

The position occupied by the One Hundred and
Fourth in the advance was on the left of the Haltery
and the road, with Company K thrown out as skirmish-
ers under Captain Fitzsimmons. Under orders from
General Beatty the writer fre<iuently vij>;ited this part
of the line, and Colonel Moore being deaf, at the i*e<iuest
of the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major, repeated the
orders to them, so that no mistakes might occur.

On the morning of the 2nd it was discovered that a
large rebel forcc^ had bivouacked only half a mile froui
us. The march was resumed all ahuig the line — our
brigade in advance. After going about one mile we
€ame suddenly to the Elk river valley, half or three-
quarters of a mile wide, and beheld the enemy on the
opposite bluff with a battery in position. The brigade
was halted in the shelter of the woods and another
battery additional to our own, ordered up by (ieneral
Beatty. We then began to play upon them with ten
guns, much to their surprise, and their infantry and
cavalry at once sought a safer place. The rebel bat-
tery replied, but the tire from ours was so effective as
to disable one or two of their guns, when the battery
limbered to the rear. Most of the rebel shells tlew
high over the heads of our men, crashing among the

>C THE ONE HUNDHKD AND FOURTH

lrf<*s and hii-akiii}^ liiiil»s, Iml In-wiiul iwu «»r ilnvc iiicu
wuiiikIimI l>v pitTfs of slu'lls iu» tlaina^i* was (huic. Near
tin- lnulp* a«ioss tin* I'lk (and wliirli lihd 1hhm» linul)
lliiTi- Wiis a small \o>^ sliM-katlr «M(iij»i«'d l»\ dIm'! sliarp-
8luM»tt*ii<, who amiovcMl our advanrc skirmisln'i-s. The
LM-Miin«l tlowii In the river was a «lear Icvid phiin, hut
;:ioii;; thr hank, whi«h was h>w, fiinjjetl with liccs.
<i«iM'ral I»«'at!v, rallin;; npt»n thr One lliindicd and
I'Miiiih to furnish a d«'tail of ten men to raptni-e the
stoikadf, (oloii.l Mouic sehH-ted Sei'tjeuut (ieorge
Marsli to h-ad the jtaitv. Th«* Sn-j^canl called f«n- vol-
untfiTs, who itronipilv rfsi»oiid<-d. TIk* iihmi who
>^t<'p|H*d foiwafd for what was coiisidi-rctl a forlorii
lio)M* Wfi-r, brsidfs .Marsh, John Shapland, John II.
TowtMs, Kit-hard J. (laj^e, Oscar Slaj^le, \\'m. A. Fi;::hi,
KoJMMt ilaii-, L<Mn. F. Ihdlaiid. Miiriav Kiikpal rick and
]{. S. Snialh'V. The lilllc hand dc|»|n\iii^ as skirniish-
«Ms, ami covered hv tin* liir of our halteries, donhh*-
• liiickrd across the plain, thf ii-ImI sharj)shooters lirinj^
at them, and ;:ain>'d tin- rivt-r withont a casmilitv, then
1 all\ iiiLT on t 111' h'ft, t ln*\ r us hod for t ho stocka<h'. Tin'
do/.rn n-hols fnsidt', sei/od with a panic al tin* h(d<l
action, hfi iu <-oiifiision, and swiuiiuing tl»e Elk, took
to tin- woods, from which ihcy sent hack a few shots.
The partv was soon after ordered ha<k ami received
the pei-soiial thanks of the (Jeneral. <"aptain llowe,
with Companv It, was tlu'ii s«*nt down with a detail to
|nii out the tire at the bridge.

It was tluMi ahout four, and there being no signs of
the enemy, ami with the line of the I'lk in <om|dete
possession of our army, we wiut iuio hivoiuu- in the
valley n<'ar the position held all <hiy.

The night was a joyous om* iu our camps, for it was
certain that (iem-ral Hragg was in full retreat over
the lofty t 'umbeilands. These lay in si^rlit and only a
few miles distant. ,\t a late hour the w riier i-eiueuibers
beini.' invited to a private sup|u'r in the cpiarters of tin-
< 'n<- liumlred ami I'ourth, where fine boiled mutton
.ind pi;:, not issued by the (Quartermaster, were on the
hill of f;ir<- Till- loc.ilit \ wjis a bad om- fur ^^i ray game

REGIMENT ILLINOIS V0LUNTI':ERS. 97

of any kind, whirli somehow or oilier j;oi iiiiu tronl»l<'
and the mess pots of the hunj^ry s(ddiei-s. Near the
camp and road thc^re stood the house of a I*reshytei-ian
minister, who, as somi^one had ascertained, was a j^reat
rebel. At all events he had deserted his home on onr
approach, ami in the intervals of duty the i)lace was
ex])lore(l by our men, who fouml amony, oth(n' thin;;^
a larj;'e lilu-ary of Ixudcs — ni<>stly tln'oloj^ical woi'ks.
Deeming;- it a proper time to develop in the line of reli-
gious in(]uiry, some of the books were carried away, but
probably found too old and dry to kee]). The action at
Elk rivei- closing with the cai»ture of the stockade by
a detail of the One Hundred and Fourth, practically
ended the tijj;htinn' for some time, as will api)ear fur-
ther on.

On the morninjj:,' of the ;]d, the dilTerent divisions of
the Fourteenth ('ori>s be<;an crossing Flk rivei- by the
fords at several points. The bridge in front of us, which
had been almost destroyed, was repaired by a ])ortion
of Oeneral St. Clair Morton's Pioneer (N)r])s, so that
by noon Xegley's Division, with Beatty's Biigade still
in advance, crosst^d, tln^ artillery fording below. It
began raining in the morning and continued all day,
no Presbyterian rain either, but a genuine Ba])tist
down-pour. But under .orders Beatty })uslied forward
as fast as possible on the road toward the mount-iiiis
leading to Fniversitv Place, where stood the "Univer-
sity of the South." Having with the utmost difficulty
gone three miles, we went into cam]) in the mud. On
the wa\' several dead cavalrymen an<l horses were
found in the woods. The rations of the men were not
flavored, as last night, b}" fresh pig and mutton stews.

The arin\' remained in bivouac during the forenoon
of the 4th of July. At noon (xeneral Beatty received
orders to push forward to University Place, and we
started soon after, followed by the rest of Xegley's
Division. The other divisions of the Fourteenth Corps
were to move in co-operation with ours. Having gone
four miles we reached the foot of the mountains and
"began the ascent. It was three miles to the top, but

It THE ONE HfNl»RED AND FOl'RTH

iK'fwn* wv had j:oiu- half a iiiih- tli«- i<ta<l was fuiiinl
!«» be •»bKlnirtfti l»y trtfs whirh ihe itlifls had frih'd.
«M'iu*ral Hi-ativ al «»iuf sft \\u' (udnlirs lu work to
rniiovr ihf «»l»sinutiMiis and mMit thf \\rii« r hack to
briii;; \\\i a roiiipan.v of inrii to assist. Mfaiitiim* thr
\vh«d«* IMvisioii halted, jiiid <l«'iuMals Thtniias and Nr;^
h'V lodf fMiwanI to iiisiiect th«' n»ad. Tht* result heiii^
roiiiiiniiiiralcd ii» «i»-inMal ICnsrc rans, lie uidcifd a
I'oiiiili'f iiiovniHMii bark in ilu- Itase t»f tli»- iiKunnaiiis.
and dinMtiil tin* Fourtfcni h (miis in ;^n iuiu iaiii|t.
(M'lMM-al Ih-alty. who had ;j;uim' »tn ahead wiih the «a\-
alry deiathiiieiil aiitl had leaihed the smiiinit, int\v
returned, an<l the nri;:ade havinj: rouMtennarcheil,
l»i\<>uarked in a s\\anii» n«*ar the base uf the Pass.

\\ hat tlie next niM\eMieiii wuiild be was a siibjett
of sjMMiilatinn arnund the evening; cainp tires. TIk-
Hue ilnndi-ed and I'ourth did not for^M-t that this was
the natal da\ uf the Naliun. and in imw dilTereni a
inaniMM- it had Immmi spent from usual. Hut it was real-
ized that unless the objects it was li;;htin;; for could
be achie\ed ( lure W dU Id be no luoic use for t he Nai iitual
Holiday, .\boui icu o'clock <ui Sunda\', the .~»ili, the
whole army was eleciiitied by the joyous news from I
(ieneial liosecrans' lieadtpiarters t hat <irant had lakeii 1
\icksbui-;; ami i.e«''s army had been ilefealed at ( Jet tys- ■
bur;:. The writei- boie the ;:lad tidinp:s to the One
lluinlretl and I'oiirth and oihei- re^rinients. The beam-
in;; fact's evi'iyuhere and the cheels floui tens of thou-
Kands of men echoed and re-ecluted alon;; the valley
of the KIk ami annui;; the mountain ;:oiires, as if to
tell our reirealin;: foes that at last treason and relnd- ]
lion had met with such si;;nal defeats as lo |u»sa;:e
their iinal overthrow. The cam|i of the < Mie Hundred
and I'ourih was scarcely abo\c water and became ver\
mudd\ fiom iM'in;; tramjied n\cr by so man\ men. but
ami*l the entliUKiasm produced by the announcement
of the ;.'rea! vi«-tories, all discomforts. dan;:ers, hard
inarches and s'lori rations, were entirely for;;oileii.

The men lie;;an to clean up and ^'et rid of the edecls
of ten da\s' campai;;niii;: in rain ami mud. It was

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 99

also noticed that the Field and Staff came out in clean
collars and indulged in the hixiir}' of cigars from the
Sutler's.

The first part of General Rosecrans' plans had been
successful!}' executed with the comparatively small
loss of eighty-five killed, four hundred and eighty-two
wounded, and thirteen captured; while the losses of
General Bragg in killed and wounded were not cer-
tainly known; he lost as prisoners fifty-nine officers
and fifteen hundred and seventy-five men, together
with eleven pieces of artillerj". His loss by desertion
amounted to several thousands. The woods and moun-
tains were full of deserters and they came in daily.
Negley's Division lost three killed and five wounded,
of these three belonged to the One Hundred and Fourth.

The present campaign had terminated at an oppor-
tune time as co-related to military movements and suc-
cesses elsewhere, but the expectation was that General
Rosecrans would at once continue the advance and fol-
low Bragg beyond the Tennessee River. Such, indeed,
had been his purpose, and the movements of Negley
and Beatty on July 4th, were the initiative steps in
that direction, but one more day's consideration led
him to a different conclusion, and the Army of the
Cumberland went into camp for rest and recuperation
while the further preparations which General Rose-
crans deemed necessary were being made for the next
forward movement.

Extract from the report of General Thomas at the
conclusion of the Tullahoma campaign : "Without par-
ticularizing or referring to individual merit in any one
division of my command, I can render willing testi-
mony to the manly endurance and soldierh' conduct
of both officers and men composing m^- Corps, march-
ing day and night, through a most relentless rain, and
over almost impassable roads, bivouacking by the road
side, ever ready and willing to 'fall in' and pursue the
enemy wherever ordered, with a cheerfulness and
determination truly admirable, and no less commend-
able when confronting the enemy; fearless and un-

100 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

daunted, their colmuiis n.-v.-r wavi'r«'<|, ^iviiii: iIm- lii^ili-
4?sl prtMif of their veieran <|iialiti«'s, ami showing ^^ '.'*\\
4l.-I>eU(leiue rail he plaieil u\ntu them in time uf peril,"
^'i^le Kehellit.n Kecords, Voh XX ill., p. i'Xi.

CHAPTER X.

The Chickamauga Campaign and Battle of Chickamauga.

The Fonrteeutli Army Corps remained substan-
tially iu the position occupied on July 5th, until the
7th. The Cavalry and several divisions of the other
Corps were distributed at various points ready to push
forward with the advent of more favorable weather,
the incessant rain preventing any important move-
ment. On the latter date Negley's Division moved five
miles t(» Decherd, a station on the railroad, by which
when repairs should be completed, supplies could be
forwarded. The One Hundred and Fourth went into
camp half a mile from the village on high rolling
groun«l and as usual began at once to fix up quarters
and go to housekeeping. The rest of the Brigade and
Division camped near by with Brigade headquarters
in a fine grove of oaks. Further dispatches received
fully confirmed our first news of the great victories
in the East and South, and General Kosecraus ordered
a salute of thirty-five guns to be fired from every bat-
tery in the army. As it resulted, we were destined ta
spend a much longer time at Decherd than any one
had anticipated, the great forward movement for the
reduction of Chattanooga not beginniuii in force until
August 10th. However, some preliminary steps were
taken previous to that date by the occupation of Ste-
venson and Bridgeport, Alabama, both on the rail-
road. The cavalry was pushed out and kept active
in the meantime on the flanks. It need not be inferred
that the army because in camp was idle, or that Gen-
eral Rosecrans had settled down to rest on laurels
already won. Such was not the case and tliere were
good reasons for tlie delay, although General Halleck
from liis office in Washington urged an immediate

102 THE ONE Hl'-NDRED AND FOURTH

ailvaiuc. AuKMi;; uilu-r things ii was coiisiilcnMl iH'ces-
8ar.v tUat tin* railn»a«l iipoii wliirli the army d«*iMMi«U'd
for Kupplirs slnMil<l Im* n'jiaircil and mju-ikmI t«> l{rid«ro-
port; that tin* rorn in tin- li.'Ms. now in silk, should
\h' rijM* t'lioujjh for fonijif; tlu* tavalry arm of ilir s<*rv-
ivr nMruilfd; and coordinait' mov«*m«'nts ♦•Isrwlu^re
b<* arran;j«*d in snpjMiri of ours. Tims whilf <J<*neral
IJosi'rrans was workin;; day an<l ni;rht lo forward all
thosf nn*asnn*s not dc|t«'ndrnl on nanin*, hf ilid not
desire to move until he had the resources in hand neces-
sary t<» insure stUM-ess in a cam]»ai;j:n that presented
more dilViculiifs and was mon- hazardous than any
preccMlin;; ones undertaken Wy any army, lOast or West,
not I'xceptin;: even those a;;ainst Ki«hmontl. which
ha<l faileil lu'cause the jjeiierals who tonducted them

>V«'re ilK oluprtfUt.

While wait iiiji for furt Ikt (h-velojuiieni s ai 1 »»'rlifrd
the One jjundre<l and Koiirth was «'n«:a;:t<l in tin*
usual routine of camp life, such as ^uanl and jiicket
duty and drillin;^:. The weather beiame settled by the
10th, which reiidei-cd life in the shelter tents muih
more pleasant, and in iudcr to add further to th«'ir
comfort and pleasurt*. iIm' mmmi luiili nuniefous arbois
over the quartets. The ^lounds Wfif thorouj^hly
poli<*ed e\ery day and strict sanitary rulfs enforced.
The sick were well taken care of here or sent to the
re;;ular hospitals at Nashville. We were still on short
rations, but as thou;rh l'rovi<len«e had ]»rovided espe-
cially for us, blackberries u ere now ripe and the entire
army feasted upon this healthful and lusri<»us fruii.
whi«"h ;;rew in inexhaustible tpiantities everywhere
around us. Details of men ueiii out every day to
jjather Ihem. No soldier could ever for;.:et this f«'a-
ture of our life at Ueeherd. The railroad was rei»aired
to KIk Kiver on iIk* i;(th, and the supply trains rolled

into Ilerherd soon afti'f. much to the joy of all, as it
asHured full rations and re;,'ular mails froju the north.
Also, the ltri;:ade baker, who had a contract thanks
to the (ioverniueiil arrived on the llth. and setiiu-

n|» his o\en. supplie<| us witl. Mifi breail. A nmr.

REGIMENT lLLlN<jrS VOLUNTEERS. 103

agreeable surprise <,>e<urre(l oii the 21st, wheu a United
States Paymaster put iu an appearance, lie became
at once a very popular man, especially after dishurs-
in<;- four montlis' j)ay to the nuMi. The One lluiidrcd
and Fourth siMit home several tlinusaud dolhirs hcsides
paying- oil sundry Sutler's bills.

While here some changes took place in the liegi-
luent, caused by the n'signations \tf Captains Misner,
AVadleigh and llowe, and Lieutenant Tewksbury. Their
loss was regretted, ('aptain McKernan had resigned
iu June; Captain Palmer, Lieutenant Simpson, Lieu-
tenant 1 Taney, Captain. Ileslet, and Lietitenant Web-
ber, before the Regiment h^ft Chicago, making in all
ti^n resignations from the line oflicers since enlistment.
These were followed by promotions. In addition,
Assistaul Surgeon Julius A. Freeman resigned July
13th, and Hospital Steward, John W. Cuppy, was dis-
•chai'ged August 1st, and succeeded by i^uther F.
Slyder, of Conn)any K. The ranks had become con-
siderably reduced, the aggregate loss from all causes
being nearly two hundred and seventy men within the
year after muster-in. The effective strength of the
Regiment had become further reduced also by sick-
ness, and numbers of meu were lying in different hos-
pitals from Louisville south, together with many who
had not recovered from wounds received at Ilartsville.

The mOvSt unpleasant experience of the One Ilun-
•dred and Fourth at Decherd, and yet one which <lid
not cause any undue excitement, was the Court Mar-
tial of Colonel Moore on charges preferred by Cai)taiu
Wm. H. Collins, of Company D. It is believed sufficient
to say that the evidence was not considered strong
enough to convict, therefore Colonel Moore was acquit-
ted and continued to command the Regiment until his
resignation in September. Captain Leighton, who had
been sick in Nashville during the Tullahoma cami)aign,
with some others, rejoined the command about the
20th. The news of the capture of John Morgan and
the defeat of his famous raiders gave eminent satis-
faction to us all. He had found eampaigning north

IM THE ONE HL'NDRED AND FOURTH

of llir (»lii«» :i far tlilTrifiH in;in«'r fr<»iii liiitliii;: on his
uativf ln«atli, w Imt«* m-arlv all of ilu* iMijnilaiion ((uihi
b«' rrliiMl on as frirmlly i«» him. An uii|th'asant si«::ht
uriiin-«*<l on tin- I'lsi, wln-n a sohli.r ..f tin* F»»rt y-s»*<-
on<l Indiana, \vln» ran away at Stone's Kivrr, had his
bi*a«l shavfil and was dinninirtl ont «»f camp to the
miiKic t»f tin* "l{o«;n«''s Mai«h." lit* st*<Miu*d mnch cn'st-
fallt'ii as In* marrhrd ajon^ in tin* |»n*s<*ncf t»f the Itri-
jjade, and was sent inidfi- ;:naiil t«i Nashville \<> !•<•
I'oiitiiied in a miliiaiy juison dniin;: the \\ai-.

When the month of August ani\ed there was a
general exitectai ion of niijers In iiiaiTJi, aiMJ the afmy
was impatient to ^i». It was known that <iemTal
Itra;i;:'s arm\ was mainly in ( 'hat tanou^ia. The pf(d»-
l«Mn pH'senled to (Jeiieral Koseefans of ln»w in ln'st
attark lira;;;; was a wei^rhty one, well rah ulaied to
make him raniions, hut while still malni'in;; his jilans
of rampaii:n. Cieiieial Halle* k, on the r>th, ordeied him
to move, lie niana;ied, however, excrpt some minor
inovenn-nts, to d«*lay tin* jieiieral ad\ ame a litt le huiMer. .»•
Itonhtlf'ss he was the projter jnd;:e, and, indeed, when
We ronsidei- the diMienlties presented, his r<'asons
appear to have heen Jiotnl ones.

The jtosiiioii iif Kra;:;:'s army was far dilTei< iit from
that oiciipied at Tnllahoma, whirh it had heen tlank<Ml
out of with roiiiparat i\ e ease. Hra;:i: deemetl himself
safe from direet attark in front. Itesides the hroad
Tennessee, he was protected there liy two raill^es (»f
lii;:li mountains, the < 'nmlieilaml ami W'alden's Kid^c,
which shut in the ii\er and ahuitini: on it pre\eiiied
inoxin;; alon;; the north hank from Urid;:epori. His
flank** W er«' eipially well protected not ^>\\\\ \t\ the
Telinesse*', lilit o|| the left li\ the SaM<l and l.itokout

Mountain ran;:es, which an invadin;: army in this

directimi must cross. These seetned illsUjieralde (d>-
sfa«|es III IJraj:;:. His ri;:ht tiank presenteil the sann*
d«*f«*nNes and was nmre ditVicnlt to i-each; ipiite imw-
c'f»«HlbI<» to our line of comniuiii< at ion with the rear,
and d«'Mtitute 4if water ami fora;z"'. Hy any of the
routes named, a distance nf from HIO in i:u)

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 105

miles must be traversed by Kosecrans' army,
and almost ccmtinuoiisly over mountains. Not only
so, but rations to feed the army must be taken alonj^,
while the artillery and ammunition trains were, of
course, indisj^ensable. (ieneral Roseerans' idan of
campaig,!! as develope<l and ]»r<>se<utod to a ((hkIii-
sion that secured its primary (d»je<t, in the «;raiid(Mii-
and bcddness of its conciqttion and execution, was one
of the greatest feats of strategy, if not the greatest,
performed during the whole course of the war. Hohl-
ness, celerity and secrecy were the chief factors (►f suc-
cess, and the very audacity of the scheme and of each
successive step in it, constantly bewildered and de-
ceived General Bragg until it was too late for him
to retrieve his errors, (leneral Kosecrans ])r<>])(>sed in
brief to execute a grand tiank movement by our right
across the Cumberlands and the Tennessee River,
thence over Sand and Lookout Mountains to Bragg's
left and rear. This, if successful, would make Chat-
tanooga untenable or (ddige Bragg to tight there, in
which latter case his destruction would be certain
beycmd all doubt; for although not gifted with much
penetration, General Bragg knew that if the Army of
the Cumberland once obtained a foothold on his left
and rear, with the Tennessee below riiattanooga and
Lookout Mountain and valley in its possession, his
case would be hopeless. But General Bragg's fore-
sight prove to be hindsight and therefore he did not
provide against such a contingency, while he was
deluded by Roseerans into the belief that he intended
to attack his front and right flank.

Having thus outlined briefly the situation and sa-
lient points of the caiupaign, we will follow again the
Army of the Cumberland on its weary marches over
rivers and mountains, in the blazing heat of a southern
sun, and amid the chilling fever breeding dews of night,
half fed and half slept, until having acciniiplislicd the
great flank movement and captured Chattanooga;
flushed with success and perlia]»s over confident, this
invincible armv was suddenlv checked in its vict<u'i-

1M THE ONE HTNORKD ANI> F<>rRTH

m»s rariM-r on ilj«- li.*l<l ''f « 'liirU.iiii;ni;:;i ! Tin- |>r<'liiii-
inary si^jiis that iiiili(*at(Mi am atlvaine exi«ii<l«Ml all
altiii;: fiom tin* .'tli i«i tin* Hit h. Soiin- hri^^adrs iii.»\ f.l ;
fXlia raUMiis xmm'c issuimI; iIh* sitU s«mH Im tin- itai';
arms ami ammiiiiiiittn wnr ins|MTi«tl. Ai lial! past
four oil ilio moniiii;;; of ilu* Hiih, tin- taini) lirrs <»( i In*
Om* lhiii<lr«Ml ami Fourtli aii«l iIiom* of tin* iMitin* aiiiiy
\v«'n' li^'lil»*tl ami iIh* mumi I»iisv in ronkiii^ tin* last
iiMNil |in*>ioiis to (Icpart iiif. TIm* proinpi icspoiis*' to
roll-call ami othrr «lini«*s sliowcW how fjipT a II wtif
t<» Im* olT. TIh'Im* was a ri;;i«l iiis|MMt ion of aims aii<l
rartri«l«:o l»o\rs. Tin* kiia|»saiks w«*!»' |»a< ktil ami \u'V-
misviuii ^i\fii to lua*l tlnMii on iIm* waLions. as th«*
>\fatlnM- \\as vor> ln»t. WIm-ii all was i«'a<lv ami tin'
J{«';^itm'iil, Hi-i;;a«lo aihl IMvision. in lim-. a loii<:: dolav
ocriirnHl. At half-past oh*\oii wr mo\o(l olT in tin*
♦ lirortjon of ('owaii. a station at tin* l»aso of tlw moun-
laiiis. Sonii after a rainstorm ai roni]>aiii<'il l>y a furi-
ous wimi hrokc upon us. tin* thun<l«i- ami li<;ht iiiu;;
\v«*n« trrritii- ami all of tin- immI ariilN'ry (»f lH*av«*u
k«mmu«m1 to hav«* horn conrontratod in ono sin^h* loral-
ity dirrrtly ovor our heads. This roiiiinucd one luuir,
iiflor whirh tho sun raim- out aiul shom- \<i-\ hoi.
A;:ain tin- **At tt-niion" and "I'mw aiil" sMinidnl, and
moving' on Wf it-arhoil ('owan ai liin-t-, w In-ii a liali
was inadr foi- an Immii-. Tho advance was then resumed
with the <Mi«- Hundred and l^uirth leadin;:, and soon
aft«*r we bepin to as<-end the < 'umherlamls. ].<»okin;;
up far ahove us a]>peared the summit with rhuids tloat-
in;: around. Itv the |-<iad it was iwn miles there, hut
when we arrixed it seenieil ten. The stoiin ha<l ilam
«p*d tin* road and made it exi icniely rou;:h. so that
the liorKes and mules wer<- unalde to move tin- artil-
lery ami way;ons. The ( Mie Hundred and I'ourth had
to asHiht, hut it was twehi- i»'( |«m k when the io|i was
attained, and wi- wi-ni ini<> lti\<)ua< fur !h«> ifst of the
niiflit.

The fn;; « huidN w<ii- deusi- all around on the morn-
iuii of the ITlh. when tin- mar. h was resumed, this
tiiiH* down hill for some disiame. As the sun rose

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 107

higher ainl tli(» clouds cleared away the si)h'n<lid sccii-
-ery of iiiouiitain and A'alley was revealed in all its
beauty. Having descended to a little valley a halt was
made for breakfast. This did not occupy much time and
Ave moved on — the Tliiid I'jigade in a<lvance. Winding-
ni> an<l around the summit of another mountain by a
road easier than the last, at three in the afternoon we
reached Tantallon in the valley, and went into camp to
await the arrival of the AA'agon train, which had broken
down and Avas far Ixdiind. The train not arrivinu, during
the niii'lit the One Hundred ami Fourth Avas sent at
three on the morning of the IcSth to look it up and pro-
cure rations. The march back almost to the top of the
range was a hard one, but Avas completed soon after day-
light. The Regiment having secured three days' rations
and also taking the knapsacks in order to reduce the
loads of the Avagons, countermarched and arrived in
camp at ten, pretty well worn out. After a hasty and
luxurious breakfast of hardtack and bacon, the Regi-
ment fell in and taking the adAance, resumed tln^ march.
The day was intensely hot, the road dusty and many suf-
fered greatly, causing frequent halts for rest. We moved
along the ('row Creek A^alley and Avere i)leased to see
plenty of corn fields, apple and peach orchards. Hav-
ing marched some four miles Ave came to a plantation
where stood a A'ery good bouse, and near by was a large
spring of pure mountain Avater, an article we wanted
constantly, one, too, far superior to any ''Mountain dew"
known, though the latter was never throAvn away Avhen
it could be had. After an hour's rest we moA^ed on and
winding around the spur of a mountain could see down
the A'alleA' for miles. There were Aast corn fields, Avhich
had been jdanted by JetT Davis' orders for the future use
of rebel armies, he never anticipating, that the hated
"Yankees" Avere to haiwest those fields, yet such Avas to
be the fact, and the Scripture fulfilled, "One shall sow
and another reap." Passing by a laige, fine mansion on
the road, a darky Avas asked about his master. He re-
plied, "Gone Avid de rebels," Toward night w-e arrived
at Anderson, having marched eighteen miles under a

lOS THE ONE HIWDRKD ANT* FOURTH

liiMiliii;^ Mill. AIk'UI <in«' iliii<l <>f i In- |{ii^:ni<* li;i<l fallrii
lit iitlt'ilv i*\liaust«Ml. Colttinl MiM.ic, uhn had roiii-
inainltMl tin* Hri;;a«l«* siiirf \v«' s(aii«Ml. ihou^rh iiiulcr
• •itl« IS III ^«i six inilfs fiirilMT. if |ira<-t i* altlc. tlcciilrd lo
ramp In-n* for tin* iii;:lii. AfhT a n-si. aiiiph* supjtlirs
\v«Tf drawn fiom tin* atliuiniii;^ !i«dds fur mcii, li«»rsfs
and iiiiiirs, iiMirli t«i tlicir satisfartiun, if nut that of 'Jeff
I ►axis Mild ( 'oiiipaiiN ."

< Ml t h»' iiioriiiii;: of (hi- IIM h. ii-\ i-il !•• son mh-d a I lialf
j»a»( I hiiM*. and orders wm' issiiiMJ to niaiih ai half past
four. WhiMi I hi* "At t«*iit ion" soiiiidi-d l hr i aid<s of i ho
nil.- Iluiidioil and I'oiirih won* iioiiroahlx ihiii. as, in-
d«*«*il, wiio ihosi* of thi* othi'f r«';;iiiii'nls. Loaviii^ all
who \M*ri- iiiiahh* to walk to ^o on hy ainlmlanri*, tin*
l{ri;;aih' iiio\iii;,' on down tin* valli*y r«*at'he<l (-'ave
Spriii;: thii'i* iiiih*s from St»*M'iison. Alahama, at t«*ii in
till- foii'iiooii. I'ordin^i ( 'row ("ii'i-k tin- Ki'uiiM»*nt wi'Ht
into rain]> m*ar tin* sprinu:, and also iii*ar a lorn tii'id,
whirh was wdl li;nvi*sti'd in a fi'W hours l»y t In* soldins.
W'l* had now passod om* ran;:i* of tin* < iimhciland and
nnild si*i* Im'Ioii* ns a fi'W niih'S distant tin* oiilliiii's of
t III* 'ri'iini-ssi*!' IviM*r. a st ri*am that had ln'iom«* historir.
HivoiHJ till' riM*r losi* in maji'slir ;ri"JHnh*nr tin* Sand
Moiiiiiaiii iani:i*. standin;; liki* a wall hi*tw<*i*n ns and
t hi* i*iii*m\ , and w liirli wi* must rioss. Around tin* t amp
and on i*arli sidi* of ('row i "n*i*k |M*r|MMiiliriilar inassi*s
of lo. k om* thousand fi*i*t hi;;h shut in tin* valh-v and
madi- till* loiaiioii \i*r\ lirantifni. It was aniioiimrd
that a halt of a fi*w days w oil Id Im* inaih* hi'i"** in orih*r to
pr«-par«* for t In* in*xi iiio\ 1*1111*11 1. also to await t In* irsnlt
of othi*r roiiihinaiioiis ami inam*nM*rs tln*ii hi'in^ i*\i*-
riitfd i*lsi-w ln*ri* as a part of rn'in'ial Kosi-crans' darini;"
plans. .Mi*aii wliih* tin- < Mn- 1 1 inidn-d anil I'oini h losti-d
(pii«**ly in ramp awaiiin;: tin* ordi*r to man h. It was
rumored ihai si*\i*ral of tin* oOiii'is inli'inird to ri*si;;n
HiMiM. Two of oiir wa;:ons hroKcii dow n on ihi* monn-
talMK, wci'i* ri'srtn*il l»y \\ illiam II. (Onaid and a ddail
of iiii'ii si*nl hark for I In* pnrposi'. Sii^i'-aiii WiHianM".
I{«*am, of < 'oiiipany II. ri*ri*iM*il his i ommission as Tiist
Iai*ntiiiant in a 1 o|ori*il ri*;.'iiiniii. lli* had passi-d a

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTKERS. 109

creditable exaiiiiniiti<m before tli«' board of wliicli (leu-
eral Beatty was President. The weather eoiitiimiug
very liot nnuli sickness — ty])hoid in (haracter, ]>re-
yailed, thus rediuinj; tlie elTeetive force of the Kej;inieut
ready to go into line of battle to about 330 men.

Between the 25th and 29th all of the signs indicated
that our right and center woul<l soon advance. The
pontoons had been laid across the river at four different
places Avith very little opposition. This was due to the
bold strategic movements and maneuvers of the left in
front of Chattanooga, which liad begun simultaneously
with those of the Fourteenth aud McCook's cori)s. At
that time General Kosecrans had directed ('ritten<len
to march with Palmer's and Wood's Divisions, General
Wilder's Brigade of Keynolds' Division, Fourteenth
Corps, with Colonel Minty's Brigade of Cavalry, over
the mountains into the 8e<iuatchie Valley. This move-
ment was promptly executed, aud Hazen's aud Wag-
ner's Brigades of Infantry were at ouce thrown over
Walden's Ridge in front of Chattanooga, where Wilder
and Minty joined them. The entire force of eight thous-
and men was then judiciously deployed from Williams
Island — a few miles below the city, to Kingston above,
but much pains was taken to make a large display iu
front and up the river. The hills and woods effectually
concealed our troops and enabled the commanders to
move them from poiut to point and thus give the im-
pression that a large army was there. To add further
to the enemy's delusion, Wilder shelled the city most
vigorously from Walden's Ridge and the luMghts op])o-
site. The effect of all this on the rebels was as desired;
the greatest alarm prevailed annmg the citizens aud
had a retroflex influence on Bragg and his army. But
not divining the true meaning of this show Bragg con-
cluded that Rosecrans' whole army was on his front and
right, and hastened to call to him Buckner's ( 'orps from
Tennessee, paying no attention to his left. Meantime,
while Wilder was amusing and deceiving Bragg, the
main army had i>roceeded as heretofore indicated aud
concentrated on the Tennessee readv to cross. The Re-

119 THE ONE Hl'NI>KKl> ANI» F<ll'RTH

Kfrvt* t 'orpN umlrr « iciirral < Ji>i<l<«ii « ir;iii;^«'r, haul moved
\u tUv n*ar to lu»hl our liiu* of cMimiiuiiMaliuus aiul kept
Hnfliiii'inlv closi* to In* «if snvicr w Ihmi ihmmIimI. < Jeiieral
KosiMiaiis. \vlios«* lifa<l«|iiar!»*i-s wru- ;ii iln- fnait^
Icarut'it farlv of ilw surtrssfiil r.\«Miiiioij uf his «>rd«'rs
ou the h'ft hv ('iiti«'iuh*irs("<ni»s, ami diivclinj; < liiU'U-
deii to iiuiVf hJK main foivi* down the Sc(|ualohit' N'alley
and luros.s ihi* ii\«M' at Hrid;:f|»ort ami al»ovr, he j^ave
thf oi-diT f»»r ihf riuhl ami » i-iiin- to atl\am«\ The
inoviMm-iil was coiinm'ncod hy (oMn-ral Havis' Division
on tli«* l.M»th. which rrosst'd at ( 'ain-i'ion's Frny, opposite
St»'V«*nson, and with ih«* t'avaliy movt'd on (»vj*r Sand
Mountain.

Tin* < Mi«- liiindicd and I'oiirih iiio\cd from < 'ave
Spring: on Sunday, tho JitMh, into Sit'\(ns«»n ami went
into ramp. At iImmm* in iho afifiiioun uf Scpu-mlMT 1st,
N«'^rh'y's I>ivisi«ui, with Hratiy's Hi-i;;a<lf in ailvance,
took uj» tin* lin<' of marrh for < "aiM-itou's INmtv, and
crossin;; on i he |»oniooii luid^** at livo, (ontinm'd on up
the«*ast hank of ihr livrr until midni^dit, wht*n it went
into hivouar hy tin* ictadsi^h*. At «*i;;ht on tin* mornin«;
of tin- Ifnd, \\i- moved on to Mooic'.s Spring;, aiiivin^ at
oiH', just as SJM'ridan's I ^vision <aino up. < oMirral Nej;-
]t'\ h-arnin;: that water was v«*ry scai'<»' ahead, ordered
th«* IMvisioM to lemaiii heii' for the ni^hi. dohnson's
and ha\ is* Divisions ami t he caN airy had reached Look-
«Mit \'alley, where the lar^'t'i- part of the army was di-
r<*el«Ml to ron<-oiii rate ;is fjist as t he i'i\ er and m«Mi mains
could he crossed.

We marched early on t he .'.rd, ami hei^aii t he ascent
of the Sand .Mountain ran;;e. Hut it was seen at once
that t his N\ as to he no easy task. The road had h«'en un-
iihimI and was nni^h and stee|i. The delays ami repairs
wen* constant, 'i'he ( Mie Hundred ami i'<uirtli was in
advance and cont rihuied materially to t he work of ludp-
in;.r the transportation up. The advance reache«l the
Huinniit at no«in and remained there unl il the It h, await-
iiitr the passap' of the trains. There was no water to
he hail and the sufTerin;: of hot h men and animals was
H4'Vere. The view from the top of Sand .Mountain well

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. Ill

repaid all the toil in f»ettiii<;' there. The borders of five
States could be seen, three iiuiiiediately near. Far be-
yond mortal vision extended one vast panorama of
mountains, forests and rivers. The broad Tennessee
below us seemed like a ribbon of silver; beyond rose the
(""umberlands, which we had crossed. The valley on both
sides was alive with the movinjj; armies <if the Ijiiion,
while almost the entire trjinsjiortation of the army filled
the roads and fields along the Tennessee. No one could
survey the grand scene on that bright autumn day un-
moved, unimpressed with its grandeur, and of tiie mean-
ing conveyed by the presence of that mighty host. Some-
time after dark the last of Negley's Division and trains
reached the summit without loss except to the Division
Sutler, whose wagon tumbled over at a narrow place
scattering his goods along the mountain si(h'. Sutlers.
as a general thing were not regarded with especial favor
by the army, and yet seemed to be a kind of necessary
nuisance. This one api)ealed to the boys to help him
carry up his broken goods. Many of them readily re-
sponded and no doubt paid themselves well for the ad-
ditional labor involved, at least quite a number were
seen afterward smoking very good cigars and regal-
ing themselves on canned hdister, oysters, etc. During
the day Sirwell's Brigade had been sent on to build a
bridge across a canon; this was completed at eleven
p. m., and was one hundred and eleven feet long and
twenty feet high. Other bridges were repaired and the
roads made passable.

The whole of the 4th was occupied in crossing and
descending the mountain. At night but little of the
transportation was down and but two regiments of our
Brigade. The day's march had been hard on men and
animals. When night came all were glad to rest where
they halted.

The 5th was spent in bringing up the transportation
and moving the Division a few miles to Brown's Spring-
in the valley. Sirwell's Brigade^ went on a short recon-
noissance toward Lookout and brought back some
flour captured at a mill.

Ill THE ONE HL'NDHED AND FOURTH

On ill*' f;ili tlif ••iiiiir IMxisiMii iiiii\«'(l lip JoliiisiHi's
<*nH»k (valli'V) Ifaiviiij; niiiip al hii. TIm- Lo.ikoiit i:»ii«;e
apiM-aiiMl on* om- Irfi. IW-aU.v's Hrii^ad*- in aMvancc,
nsu ln-«| Ml Kav's Spring al livf. Tin- l»alaii< •• <»f tin* I >i-
viHinii raiiiptil nil L4iok«MH ( 'i«M«k in iIh- n-ar. Wf now
lay Ufar tin- foi.i nf SirvmV (liip (pass) ot l.tmkout
MiMintain. Afn-r aiiival ilial I'vrniii*: tin* Ftniy-siMund
Iiiiliaiia was srni <»n a i»Ti»nnMissain«* ii|» tin* <iap. and
ha<! •»nlv iinin- a sliuii disiantr w li«*n ii was iir«M| iip<»ii
l»v !li«* »MH*ni\ . w Ini SIMM I HM I to In- r«>nri'al<'»l in hi mi i n^'S.
Duv man was si-vi-ri'ly woiimli'il. Tin- ithjtM t Immu;.^ a«-
(•om|»lisljiMl. that is, to «i»-\»lu|i i In- rii.iii\ . i In- K<-;^ini»'nt
wit Ik III* w . Tin* w riti'f aiiom|ia!ii«'«l i lii^ rcn.Miiuissam <*.
Thi- ••vi-nin;; of tin* tltli «|usi*il wiiii almost tin* i*!itire
army ronrt*ntrat«*«l in Lookout vall«*y, «*xt«*n«liii^ fioiu
u iM>int at tin* norili md only si*vi*n mil«*s fiom (liatta-
noo;;:i. to Xalli'V lli*a«l on tin* south, tliirt.v livr inii(*rt
(listani. Tin- i*m-my still ln*lil Lookout Mountain,
whi<h towiTi'il two thoiisami f»'«*t al»ovi* us ami was in-
ar<*<'HKil»li* i*\ri-pt lt\ I Wo or thn*«* passi*s. 'rin*s«* aH
ovrnts piommI hail ln-i-n h-fi piact irall \ umli'f«*ml«*d,
t iiiis sliow in;: how lilth* Ura^;; looki'd for Ko>i'rfa!is in
that <liifrtion. 'I'o '^n/.r upon tliosi* iii;4l'<*<1 ln'ii;hts om»
would siipposi* that a f<*w thousand, or i-Vfii a f«'W
linmli't'ds. of nn-ii roiild hav<* rasily )M-ai<i> liaik an
army. No om* on t In* i*vi*iiiii;; of t In* tit h ant i( ipati'd Imt
what tin* |»ossi*ssion of tin* jiassi's would Ik* di^putotl to
the last rxti'i'iiiity. Smh was tin* situation, and all
l<H>k<'d forwaid to tin* nioiidw as full of promise for
Koim* very li\i*ly ti;:ht in;:. I " • ;»pi iin* ('Ikii iinoo;:a Ir.iui
our l«*fi l»> passing; around tin- point of Lookoui was
thou^^hl impract iraM*', as it ahiittcd so rlosi-ly on tin*
rivrr HH hari*l,\ to h-;i\i> room for ihf iailro;i(|. ;iii<l. in-
dtMMJ, for a part of tin* way i In- ro;idlti «1 liad In-i-n m;idi*
by Ida St in;: aw ay tin* solid linn- stom- r.n U i In-ri- form-
ing palisad**s oni- humln-d fi-ot hi;:h. Tin- point 2.10(1
fiH't ahovi* and tin* int<-r\«*niiiu spai •• 'mIow wi-ii- held
by lln* «*in'iny. <tiMn*ral Kowi'irans ih-i<-iiiiim-<l to li-avi*

(Yill«*ndi*n to ihri*]iti*n ('liatlai ^a on tin* Irfi, and

man hi n;: with I In* ri>nt«*r and ri;:ht ovi>r Lookout bv * In*

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VuLUNTEERS. 113

passes in their frout, seize Chattaii(M»i;ji \'alley dirertly
in Bragg's rear. Tliis moveiuenl, if succcssrul, would
force matters to a decisive issue. Accordingly orders
were issued for tlie Ttb, having these objects in view.
Early that morning Beatty's Brigade began the ad-
vance in line of battle up the mountain by Steven's
Pass. It was some three miles to the top, and advanc-
ing by the front was a different and more difficult task
than moving in column along the road. We had ex-
pected opposition, but beyond a few stray shots none
was made. At eleven we stood on the summit witli our
artillery, which the men helped to get up, without the
loss of a man. It was learned from some cracker resi-
dents on the mountain that only cavalry had been on
guard at the pass, and they took good care to leave in
time. The other brigades following closel}' arrived on
top at twelve and three o'clock. The transportation oc-
cupied that day and the next in getting up, the Brigade
marching half way across Lookout, bivouacked for the
night. After the arduous labors of the last three weeks
the command was well tired, but in high spirits over
the success thus far achieved, regarding Chattanooga as
within our grasp and the defeat of Bragg certain slutuld
he choose to fight. While we had thus gained a foot-
hold so easily on the key to Bragg's position, Harker's
Brigade had spent the day in demonstrating on the left
around the point of Lookout and discovered the enemy
in strong force. The Twentieth Army Corps did not
move on the 7th.

Pursuant to General Bosecrans' orders an advance
was made along the whole line on the 8th. Beatty's Bri-
gade leaving at four a. m. marched to Coopei*'s (lap. The
rest of the division moved to Steven's Gap. (Also called
Prick's Gap.) Genei'al Rosecrans having information
from various sources, such as deserters, citizens, and
scouts, that Bragg was evacuating Chattanooga, di-
rected the movements of the day accordingly. General
DaA'is, of McCook's Corps, on the right, crossed Lookout
with two brigades in support of the cavalry then ope-
rating toward LaFayette on Bragg's probable line of

114 THE ONE HUNDHED AND FOL'HTH

ifin-at. <MMMi:il N«-^I«'V airiviii;^ lu-ar Sh-vtii's (iap
s|HMit I III' Way ill nMimviii;; tin* nnks and lif«*s iliat ol»
siriu-t«Ml ilic mail, and :it iii^lil liivoiiackiMl in tlic viriii
it.v. Tlif I'iisi !{ii;:ad«* (Ikraiiv's) r«*atli«*d r«M»|M*i's (Jajt
almul ri;:lii a. III. and irslcd a slioil liinc I'rum this
|Hiiiii ur had a j^raiid \ h'W td I In* ( Mial taiiu(»;i:a vall»*v.
wliitli lay iwii tliMiisaiid li»i Im-Iuw us. \\ «• were in
<MMirijia. and ImoUiuj; nnrtli «uiild aliiio.st scm- (Miatta
iHM»;;a altMUl t w riiiyl wo mi Irs distant. Hn the ojiposih-
side of till' \alle\ ilie iiioiiniains uf (iroij^ia, Teniiesse**
and Nortli ('andina rosr bcfoit' imr cyrs in \ast surees-
simis of ran^re n|n>n ranj^r, jM*aU ii|miii |m ak. ilnir si<lrs
trrrarrd willi tin* \ei'dni*e of aiiiiiiiin. Two tu- iIumm'
mill's t-asi w «• discovered meandciin^ i liion^li t In- \ alley
< hit kaiiiaii^'a < 'icrk, t lial nanif liavinj; been ^d\ en it l>,\
till* indians. and iin-anin;: in oiir lan;;iiaj;«'. "The v'im-v of
d«-atli." Siicli, indrrd, it pioNrd tt» Im* a few days later.
.Inst l)«*yond, l*i;;«'oii .Moiiinain was in si^lii.

W'liih' \\»' stood in ad mi rat ion ^azin;: iiimhi f h-- nt-w
and Mif|iassiii;i heanlies of nature on ev«*!*y iiand,
allot In •!• si;; III (»f vital iinpoit an»'st»*d attention. ( "hmds
of «lust wi'ir notirrd ill the \alliy a frw mih"^ in our
front. ( Ml •'xaminiii;; t hrs*' rlosrly wit h fi«'ld ^ilasses, we
saw loii;i lim-s of soldiiMs and trains of wagons inov-
iii;; s<nil hward. It was Hra^^'s ai'iiiy in ret r«Mi. ('our
i«Ms wiTe at omc disjiatrlu'd to N»*;;lcy with tin* infor-
iiialioii. Thf itri^^adr was thru srt in motion down the
lliolllltaill. Thrpf wept' some ohst fllct ions. Imh IIicsi
Wire soon r«*mov«M|. ( >n ariix in; at t In* lias.. ( 'om|».iii\
II had a skinnish with rt'ltcl ravaliy and, ha\iii;i tlu-
ad\anta;:<'. Immh;^ ahovc and well |iiot('rt«'d, soon dro\t'
it ofT, tie* r«-lM*ls lfa\ in;: om* man scxcifly w oumh'd ; two
iiIh«», were «ai»l iii«-d. io;:ri her w it h some sal»i«'s and
othi-f :inns 'I'lir Kfuine'iit and Uriiradf followed
rl«»Hi'ly rrady to su|i|tort t In- skinuislnTs. Itiit t he i-i'Im-Is
had dis<-o\«*i'«-d our strength and had no iloulii Kmi
P«ihI*mI ihrn* lo ohsrrv*' and rrpoit our approa< h. As
HeallyV nri;;adf was tin* llrst and only fon-e yn in th •
valh'x ami Ilic imhmiin lay within thrci* miles disiam-r.
Ofiirnil llcaily nnidi'iitly halted and, tlirowiii;.^ out a

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 115

strong picket line, went into bivouac. For twenty four
hours following we were isolated from siijtport, should
an attack he uiade. But Though uuuiheiiug only s(uue
twelve hundred men and a section of a battery, our ad-
vantage of position would have enabled us to repel any
attack bv far superior numbers. Vide Reb. Rec, Vol.
XXX., pj). 32()-3(;7.

( Jeneral Kosecrans was notified at half past three on
the morning of the 0th that Chattanooga had been
evacuated. (Jeneral Wagner, whose troops lay on the
north bank op])osite, became convinced on the Sth tliat
the rebel army was leaving. ( leneral \\'ilder, who, with
his mounted infantry, had patroled the river for thirty
miles abov€% dnring tlie campaign, and was then seven
miles from the town, was also satisfied of the fact.
Therefore, on the morning of the Otli, Wagner crossed
his trooi)s over and took possession, the colors of the
Ninety-seventh Ohio being the first planted on the rebel
defenses. At a later hour the rest of Crittenden's Corps
marched around Lookout Point andintothecityandval-
le}'. And thus fell without a battle — the rebel strong-
hold, the key to Georgia and the inner South; the object
of the National thoughts, efforts and solicitude for one
l<»ng year. This had been the goal for which Buell had
feebly r(^ached, and which (Jeneral Kosecrans by the ex-
ercise^ of superior generalship, had obtained in the face
of difficulties and discouragements, before which a
feebler genius would have recoiled in dismay.

The effect produced on the army by the fall of Chat-
taTiooga was electrical. The retreat of Bragg was con-
sidered such evidence of weakness that the luirsuit and
defeat or capture of his army, now occupied the
thoughts of all. The authorities in AVashiugton who
had been trembling with anxiety for the safety of the
Army of the Cumberland, and watching for the de-
nouement of what was considered a bold and perilous
undertaking and one, too, which they had not properly
supported, elated be^'ond measure, urged a further ad-
vance. If General Rosecrans had been averse to this he
would have had no discretion. At all events, the move-

116 THE ONi: HrxIiUKD AND FOURTH

iiMiit> «■! tin- '.Mil \Ni-n- <-i«l«n«l lo bf piishrd \\\lU \ i^t>r
a;;aiiis! thfciifuiy (mm ri<:lil to h'fl,a distaini* of forty
to finiy-livt* iiiiU'S.

The First IJri^atU' passiMl tin- iii^lii of tin* Mli wiili-
oiit any alarm, ami on the IHli marcluHl south three
miles to the foul of Steven's (Jap, where at four p. m.
Nr^ley's l>i\ision havinj^ rome <lo\\u, the winth* f»u'<<*
nioveil hy ai ron;:h nairow roa«l through a lane, one mih-
to Itailey's Cross Koa«ls. This was foun«l to be a men-
hamlet of a few loj; houses, situated in the midst of
delist' Woods and surrouudrd by rorky kiudls, ()u a
lar;:e oak ire<* was noticed a si|;n board with the lej^end,
"To ('hattanoo«;a 2."{ miles." Thirty y«'ars later, tin*
writer revisite(l this, and other [daces in the vicinity,
and saw what were eviilently the same lo<^ houses and
si;:n board, I here seeuietl to hav«' been no chan;xe. ( leu-
eral Ne{4;ley, hallinj; the main command U<v the ni;;hi,
sent forward Stanley's Iirij;a<le at five p. m. ou ji r«*
coiinoissaiice eastward in the direction of \U\*^ (Jaji.
Stanley uiarclu'd m*arly tln-re, a «listance of three miles,
but lonsiantly met and skirmished with ndud «avalry.
of which two were captured in a char^^e by Ne«;ley's
mounted cscuii. SiaiiJcN ilim withdrew. Ihirin^ the
day, < 'rilieiiden's ( 'orps on the left, except W'aiiiiei's
Itri^iade, had marched rapidly up the valley toward
Uinj;;;old, in IJraj^j^'s rear. .M(( 'ook on the ri^rht had ad-
vanced in the direction of Alpine to intei«ept Hra'ii:.
X<»ne of ihe thi-ee corps w cic within supporting dis
lance of each other, Mc< 'otdi's beinj; t w cnly miles from
the j'onrteenlh and separated also by hi;:h niouniains.
If .Mc<'ook had Miienipt<-d lo jujn by ilie from lie woidd
have met Hra^^^'s whole army and have been crushed,
In* «ould only effeii a junclion with TluMuas by re-
croKsinj: the mountains twice, and this is what he <lid :i
few days later. Critlendeu was as far away as Mcrook.
but had thea<lvantap' of bein^ in the valley with belter
roads to travt-r'^e. The {•'oni-ieeiit h < "orps (he cenier,
wan the key in the arch, and the reliance of all. Such
wnH the* Hituaition nn the eveiiin}; of tlio Olh. (Jeneral
I'o'iecrans evidently believed that Ttrairt: wonid on-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 117

tinue to retreat aud based his orders for the 10th oii that
assiiniptioii. Had he known what was transpiriun
around the cam]) tire of General Bragg, I'e wouhl liavc
issued orders of a dilTerent l^ind. Another day was re-
quired to reveal the intentions of the rebel commander.
On Thursday, the 10th, in pursuance of orders, Neg-
ley's Division resumed the march toward LaFayette
via Davis Cross Roads, two miles or more southeast
from Bailey's. >v o other troops of the Fourteenth On-ps
had as yet come into the valley — here called McLe-
More's Cove. Sirwell's Brigade (the Third) led the ad-
vance, and from the first did more or less skirmishing
with the rebel cavalry. The road was through dense
woods, over several hills, and was rocky and rough part
of the way. Beatty's Brigade guarded the train of four
hundred wagons, through to Davis'. On arriving at the
latter point the train was parked. From Dm vis' to
Chickamauga Creek (below called river) the road led
throiigh a narrow lane with stone walls on either side,
the distance to the creek being about sixty rods, and
thence across the stream to Dug Cap; the entrance to
this gorge in Pigeon Mountain was not over a quarter
of a mile from the creek. Parallel with the latter,
which at this point ran northward, a solid stone ^^ all
guarded the .John Davis ])lantation of five huiKlri'l
acres. During the advance so much opposition had
been shown that Negley became cautious on approach-
ing Dug Gap, and disposed his command in the best \)o-
sitions to be found. He learned from a Union citizen at
one-thirty p.-m. that his suspicions were correct, and
that Buckner's Corps with cavalry and artillery was ad-
vancing from Catlett's Gap of Pigeon Mountain, three
miles below, with the intention of coming in on our left
and rear. Dispositions were made at once to defeat this
attempt. It was now late in the afternoon, and to im-
press the enemy a strong demonstration was made
against Dug Gap, driving back the rebel skirmishers
and disclosing heavy forces behind. One object was to
establish the picket line well up to that of the rebels in
the Gap, and this was done. The troops were then

lis THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

biviiiiiU'kiMl iiinliT anus mm iIw 1(m k\ ri«l;;t's aioinnl
l>aviK* lioiiM* lu tlif li^lii, fn»nt ami Iffi. SiibstMiiiriit ly
at a lati* hour, llu* pirki-l lim* was quirtly drawn hark
to a new posiiioii. TIk* One iiiiiidriMl and I uiirtli lay
lU'iW l>a\is' liMusf. iMjiiii^ lln* nij^dil Nr^d«*y itM<'iv«Ml
additional iwwn from liiion iiini and his scouts, to tho
I'fftHl that oiH'-hiilf of thf \vln»h* ifbrl army lay wi'iiiu
two milrs of our «amp, conrralfd by IMjjjrou Mountain,
and intiMnlin;: to attack and destroy Nc«;lfy's l>ivisi«»n
in llir mornin;;. Thry stated that immrdiatfly in front
was IliU's Turps of thn-i' divisions iwrlvr l>ri;iad«'s;
to tin- Ifft HufkuiT's Corps tif i u <• divisions, an«l For-
n*st's cavalry — two divisions; while Tolk antl Hrecken-
ridp;»*'K ( 'or|is were within su|»iMirlin;j: distance. Such
was the sit uatiiMi in fiMtnt of Ne;;h'y on tin* ni^dit of the
null, and it may he conjectured thai the (Jeneral and
his siafT liid not sle«'p very soundly, if at all.

On the moiiiinj; of the 11th, about ei^dit, all w»-re
much relii'Ved by the arrival of (leiieral liaird with th»»
Kirst iiiid StMond l?rijiades of the First Division (Stark-
weather's ami S« libiier'si. These t roojts were put in po-
sition at once, .\bout this lini*- <i<-neral Thomas,
w hosr head«|uarieis were at Steven's < Jap, made his ap-
pearsiiice with his stalT and escort f«u- the puijiose uf
looking; over the j^roiind. Fnciv std<lier knew that we
Were in a critical posit ion. but t he pieseiic*' of t he loved
and t rusted < onimaiuhf of i he I'ourteeiit h Army ( 'oips
^ave confidence to all. tieiieral Thomas had some tent
flvM pitched in Davis' meadow and sat down to business
as undisturbed and impassive as the ci:i::;:y mountains
ariuind. These tt-mpoiary head<piaiiers were not i •
moved for some hours and until shot and shell w«'re fly-
ing; tlii«-k aind fast. The wiitei- havin«; seen no nicu
tion of (ieiieral Thoiuas' piesencr there in any report or
history, and bein;; sent to tJeiu'ral Thouias' headtpi ir-
teix. nioreoxcr, liaxin^ been impressed with his appear-
ance at thai time, records the facts stated as a part of
thi» hiMtory of tin* dayV events. About nine there w«ie
hI^mh of the enemy's advanci*. .\ scout couiin;: in. re-
p«u-ied that the obstructions in Dii^, T.lue llird and ( 'at-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 119

lett's (ijips, wliicli lirnLin luul itlaccd tlici-c, Imd been rc-
iiiovcd jiiid the rchcl a<lvaiic<' bc^uii.

(Toueral Nei»ley (no doubt iiiuler onh'is liom ( Jciicial
Thomas), decidiiiji' that (nir position was untenable wit h
The forces in hand, i>i-e])are(l toreti-eat to IJaihw's Cross
Ivoads and Steven's Ga}). Meantime, durinj; tiie fore-
noon, heavy columns of the rebels couhl be seen aj*-
|n-oachiu<i-, the nearest beinj>' those from l)u«>- Oap. Their
sliari»sliooters soon struclc Sirwell's Hriijade, but Miis
occupied an excellent ])osition well i>rotected, and as the
rebel main line came nearer, poured in an effective tire
that caused them to halt. Sirwell lost here, three killed
and twenty wounded. Then, b(Mn^' relieved by Stark-
weather's Bri<iad<% Sirwell (piietly withdrew to the
ridji<' at Davis; Bridij;(''s Jiattery of lieatty's l)rij;ade,
stationed in Davis' orchard or «>ardeu, did some effective
work at that time. It was then twelve, and there was a
lull in the o])erations for a short time. A rebel battery
had been idayini;' on our lines at Davis, but without
d(»in_n much damaj^e, excei)t to the residence, which was
a very good one of the better class seen on Southern
jdantations, and to the fe(diniis of Mrs, John Davis, who
was an excellent rebel, and vowed she would never leave
the ])reniises. P>ut after endurinu,- the crash and roar of
the shells for a while, takiiij»- her two small boys by the
hand she decided to evacuate the house. The writer
chancinsi' just then to be passing- was a])])ealed to and
advised her in warm terms to get behind the hills. She
stood not on the order of her going, but went at once.
The vision of those two bright, young boys conies before
me now. About one p. m. heavy columns of cavalry
were visible niar<-hing through the fields to our left. A
battery was turned upon them. The immense ti-ain of
four hundred wagons containing all of our aininunition
ami su])plies was by this time got ready, and es<-orted
by lieatty's and Scribner's Ilrigades, moved toAvard
Bailey's Cross Roads. Their i)i'eservation was as im-
portant as that of the divisions in front. On the road
the cavalry endeavored to break in, but were unable to

I.'') THE ONE HrXDHED AND FOURTH

do SO, t»N\ in;; |m I In- arii\ it \ :iii«l skill of ( o'licial Ileal iv,
\\ ho roiiiiiiaiitlril. Tin* rolu'ls, liowfvi'r, had thrown oin*
rf;;iiiMMil forward to Hailfv's, whirh ivtivaicMl on «hm-
a|iitroa(li. This iiiovciucut was verv 8U)W and made
with raiitioii. I'l-oiii l!aih'\'s it was tout iinic.l afi«'i-
tiark to St»'V»'ii's iJap. Whih* I ho trains wero hciii*;
staito<l and «*n ronto, lively work was {ioinjr "'H i>» front,
!lu' oihiT hri-iados of No;rloy'sand those of Haird hein^
hotly en;;ap*d around Ihivis. Ne^rley plantinj; ten ^nns

on the lidi;e shelled t he enemy with ;;ood elTect. ( 'olonel
Stanley eoniinandin;: the Second ]?rij;ade look posiiion
to tin* rij^hl ami «lrove back i li<- rebels with mnskei ry as
they ait|Ho;i(hed the rierk. Starkweather was on the
left. I'oiir companies i>f ihe Nineteenth Illinois, and
one of t he T\\ eiity-foiirt h Illinois, lay behind the stone

\\ all by t he creek, and as 1 1 iieniy ad \ a need almost to

tin- find, rose snddeidy, as from the iiroimd. and j ion red
in a v<dley that sj-nt them reeling: to the i-ear. Thirty
rebels fell dead at the lirsi tile. jlow inaiiN weir
W'oiimled is nnkimw II. ( )nr batteries on t he ridp* tiring
<tver the infantry did iearfnl execution. The rebel ad-
\aiici' was then thoroii;ihl\ checked for a liiiie and
Stanley's command withdraw n nearer to havis. Stin-
le\ *s loss was li\ e kilh'd, t w eiity-niiie wounded, and four
missinj;. The joss of i he enemy was never kimw n pttsi-
tively, bnt must ha\e bei'ii heavy as they exposed thein-
selxcs with reckless coiitidelice, kliowiiiii the stlelll^tll
opposed to them, li was then after three o'chtck ami
thon;:h re|Milsed <iii ihc ri^hi. Ilnckin'i's < 'oips wis
sleailily nio\in;: in nn ijn- jcfi wiihiii •<\\iiv\ lanije, when
terrific lirin^i be^an on both sides, in which ••iir troops
had I he ad\ anta;:«' of position, bnt Neiiley know iiii; that
they would s«»on «liar;^e in n\ i-rpow eriii^ nnmbers, w ith-
drew slowly fr<iin one hill i«> another. co\criii^ exi-ry
nioN ell lent, until after dark In- i «-acli.-d llaih-x 's. 1 in hi-
flirt In -r orders l he t rains had ;;one on to tin- foot uf i he
< iap and w eie jiarked in rear «)f :i line of hills in t he \ al
b'\. The entire I M\ isitui, also Haird's, was then placed
in-ar tin- (iap in a** L'oud pisiiions as tonld be ubiaiin-d

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 121

in the darkness. There we were joined by tlie divisions
of Brannau and Reynolds, wliitli had just arrived, and
General Thomas look coniniand in ]>orsoii.

Tlio ()n<' lliindrcd and Fourth dui'iui: the (hiy had
one man woun<led, and one, NVilliym K. Kyster, of Com-
pany D, missing-; lie was i)r(>bably kilhMl in the thick
woods, as he was a sharpshooter. M. Kirkpatrick had
his collar shot away by a minie ball. Durinu the ni<:,lit
the Reii'iment and l>rii;ade jdaced alonj^- the hills, threw
up ,some slip,ht defenses of timber and rails, which were
further strengthened at early dawn of the 12th. Gen-
eral Beatty and staff spent almost the entire nioht in
the saddle postino' picket lines and preparino- for attack,
which was deeiiKMl certain to be made in the morning.
Not a moment Avas spent in sleep. At three a. m., Com-
missary Orr surprised our headquarters by producing a
bottle of wine. General Beatty remarked, "\Yell, let's
drink ; Ave may not be able to a few hours later."

Sunday, the 12th, dawned bright and warm, but con-
trary to expectation, no enemy appeared, and the cav-
alry soon after reported that they had withdrawn to
Dug Gap. This unlooked-for event, though a surprise,
was not unwelcome as all were thoroughly worn out and
needed rest. General Rosecrans received a telegram
from General Halleck at Washington, dated September
11, Avhich stated among other things that rebel desert-
ers had come in and reported Bragg as sending rein-
forcements to Lee. Vide Reb. Rec, Vol. XXX, p. 34.
This was only a rebel ruse, but Halleck did not seem to
discredit it.

The writer has dwelt at considerable length on the
action at Daids Cross Roads, for the reason that in all
the general histories the affair has been hardly more
than mentioned, and only in a general way, without giv-
ing details of what was a formidable fight, while the
skill with which General Negley, aided by Baird, his
junior, commanded and extricated the division from
their perilous position, and the steady valor of the
soldiers, who could see that they were facing over-

122 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOL'KTH

wlifliiiiiij!; nuinlK'i's, havr Im«ii liairlv alliulr<l to. rinn*
is, also, another i-rason. This was th** turniii^ |Miini in
thf ciinipai;;;!! Im';;uii .hnu* «4tli, iit-ailv ilirt-f months
pri'viouK, thr lU'fliniinai'v o|KMiin;; of tht* IJatth* of

< 'hi(-kaniaii;:a, foM;;hi ;^ fi'W «hivs hit«M-.

Tlu' ail ion uin-oVfitMl Hiaj;«;'s «h*si«::ns. It was
h*arn»M| soon afl«'i- that hi* ha«l issiiril onh*is for an a<l-
\ anr«' in forrt* on i he lot h. a«zainsi N«';ih*_v, bnt owinj; to
ji niisninlcrstamlin^ on tin* part of his (iriirrals — Hill
an«l lliinlnian, ami the hcaxv olisirmt ions he ha<l
ItlamI ill t Im- ;:a|»s, t ln*i«' w as a «la,v*s (h'la\. ThissavtMl
N«*;:h*v, as no otlu*r forces wen* ilirn «lo\vn tlu* inonn-
tain. It, also. ]irolial)ly sav<*«l ( 'rittrmlrn, who. on tlie
11th. a«lvam(Ml to Kin^;,'ol»l in thr valh-v. |»r«M«Ml«Ml 1>\
\\ ihh*r ami Mint\, who ilrovr out tin* em-mv ami th«*n
wt'iit as far as Tnnm*l Hill. Thcst* fonrs. in fart, i»as^«'<l
tin* ri;^ht tiank of a part of Hra^'j^'s arin\ , ami saw the
irhi'ls on rvrry roa«l. Hnt tin* attention of tin* rebel
eomiiiaml«*r bein^i absorbt'il w ith the movement a;;aii!si
Ne«;ley, he m*«;le<t«*<l < 'fit t«*mle!l.

iMirin;; tin* «lay the inovenu*nts on tin* ri^ht con-
\ime<l .M<rook that he eonhl m>t reach Lal'-ayette, nor

coiiinMt with Thomas east of I k«int. Tin* ex)>erieme

of the I'onrteeni h < "orjts w as almost comlnsive e\ itl-p. ■
that Hrajii: hail b«N*n reinforced, ha«l »|oiie retrt*atin;:.
ami was <letermim*<l to brin«;oii a bat I h*. < iem*ral Kose-

< laiis ;:raspin;^' tin* sitnation ami coiisnltiiiji with
Thomas, at onc«*. on tin* iii^iht of the lltli. ti»ok im*as-
nres for tin* coin-eiitrat ion of t he t hrce corpx. ( 'onriers
sent to .Mc< \)ok, w ho reniaiin*<l inact i\<* on i lie iL't h. did
not reach him niitil midnight of thai ilale. Heat once
set his < 'orps in nntt ion, ami bein;; oblij;t*d to ret nrn by
way of N'alley Head, had to rross ami rccross the inonn-
lain twi«e in or«ler to reach Thomas. T';is nn»\ ennui
reipiiretl four days for its execntion. ('ritteinleii was
leached easier, but bein^' then beyond l{in;;^'idd with
\\ ihb-r ami infantry in adxame, had to wait for their
r«*lnrii. This delayinl his inovin;; mn't Invest. m*arer
Thonias. ami on tin* I'Jlh, when In marched, he
was confronted with two rebel corps s«*nt by Bra;:;;,

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 123

Avlio, having failed to criisli Xegley, resolved U) deslroy
Critteiiden.

The safety of the army and Chattanooga was in-
volved in this movement, lint snr])risi)ig as it may
seem, no battle ensned, thongh skirmishing was carried
on all day, and \Vilder had a severe? engagement at
Leet's Tankard, with a loss of thirty killed and wonnded.
The enemy lost fifty. The Corps reached Lee and (J<n--
don's Mills ou the (Tiickamanga in safety, where Wood
lay with his division. The Fonrteenth Corps lay qniet
on the 12th, awaiting developments and movements
elsewhere. It was necessary also to wait for McCook.

General Kosecrans aware of Crittenden's critical ])o-
sition gave him orders accordingly. General Crittenden
expecting an attack on the morning of the 13th, fortn-
nately so disposed his forces as completely to deceive
< reneral I*olk, who commanded tlie two rebel corps sent
to crush liim. He began aggressive movements on his
front and left, and sent (Jeneral Van Cleve out on tlie
LaFayette road with one brigade. General Van Cleve
soon meeting the rebel advance di-ove it back three and
a half miles. General Tolk, happily for Crittenden,
halted and sent to Bragg for reinforcements. The lat-
ter, perplexed and vacillating, tlien, to the surprise and
joy of Crittenden, withdrew Polk's Corps and gave new
orders for the concentration of his army on the Chicka-
maiiga. General Kosecrans was kept informed by cour-
iers as to McCook's movements and it may be supposed,
awaited his approach with as mncli anxiety as did Wel-
lington that of Blucher at the Battle of Waterloo.

It was still possible for Bragg to crush or drive off
Crittenden and seize the roads to Chattanooga, when
nothing would intervene north but three brigades of
the Beserve Corps, then sup])osed to be at Rossville, five
miles fi'om the city, ^^'ith these threatening possibili-
ties in view. General Kosecrans ordered Crittend(Mi with
two divisions to move w^est on the 14th, so as to cover
the roads in the A-alley, leaving Wood at the Mills.
There Wood was isolated frcun any near support, but he
could be relied upon to take pretty good care of his part

I-« TUK ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

• •f ihe liiir. Wihlrr wjis calle<l uu it» «tt\ci- iln- ^nuiinl
l«» Tlnmias with constant niovonnMils an<l tliMiKtnsira-
liuus ailing llu'Cliiikaniau'ia, tliert* rapid an»l deep with
few fords, auother favorable eirciinistauee for Kose-
< rans.

The Fourte«Mitli Coi-ps nio\«Ml t»iie niil»' iiorihcasl on
I he 14th. (Ml th<> ir>th,<Vilonel A. H. Moori*, and ('ha]>hiin
lit in|isicad, both of whom had resigned not h»n;; iM-fori',
weif ni>litu*d «»f the arreptaiice of their resij;natious, on
aetMiiiM of dis;il>ili! \ , and h'ft for jionie.

Cidoiirl l>oii;;|;is llai»cnian now assumed (-onniiniid
of the One llnndrrd and I'onrth.

It hein;; evidrnt that a battle must be fouiiht, tin- n ■
nnitinir '»f tin* Aniiv of tlu* ( 'unib«M-laml became a mat-
ter of life and death and all tin* efTorts of the command-
in;: ;r«-ni-ral and lii< subi>i diiiaii'^ ut'i-c din-cifij to that
end.

<icm*ral Thomas advanced i he I'tmiteein h « oips a
mile or two each clay until the ITth, this slow pro^f«'ss
beinj; ne<essaiv on account of Mti'ooU.

Colonels Minty ami Wilder were kejtt constant ly le-
coniioiterin^ on the front alon^ the (Miickaman^a, and
from I hem and <»t her sources, it was learned t hat Iba^jj;
was movin;: alon^ t he «'ast bank, and concent rat iiii; his
heaviest forces on lheri«:ht. with the evident intention
of tryin;: his favorite tactics of massing on one think, in
this instance, our left. Hut l»ra«ii:, l»rilliant eiiouLrh in
cuncei\in;i |»lans, was slow in ••xe«titin^ them, lie had
intended lo citisli Kosecrans' army, "ICxposed in detail,"
as he expresKe«l it. Tiie pddeii opportunities had been
lost, as he afterward claimed, by the failure of his gen-
erals to carr\ «nit his orders. \'et, the remedy was in
his own hands. Learning; nothin;: finni the jevsnn nf
Havis Cross Koads, and «ha;;rined at the lesiili. lie
I uriied in desperai ion a;;ainsl ( 'rit leiiihii with t he >aiiie
L'enerajs, and lln>u;^di liaxini,' f"r ti\e da\s the oppoiiu-
iiity to «rush him. weakly abandoned ainmst ceitain suc-
c(*HK and w it hdrew.

While Kosecrans and Thomas weit- waichini: the
left w it h nni«d«l an.xiety, sendin;: courier after courier to

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 125

liuiTV up McCook, to their great joy and relief, his heads
of column appeared on the 17th, on the heights of Stev-
en's Gap and were soon in MeLemore's Cove.

The Fourteenth Army Corps had no fears for itself,
llosecrans and Thomas enjoyed its full confidence, but
knowing that there is a limit to human endurance, and
aware of the vast combinations of rebel armies called
from the east, west and south, to help Bragg annihilate
the Army of the Cumberland, 3[cCook's arrival was
greeted with shouts and thanksgivings. The cavalry,
which had been with ilcCook, followed his infantry and
were placed on the right, front and rear, to guard the
flank and MeCook's immense trains under the conduct
of the gallant General Lytle, then on the way over Look-
out.

The Fourteenth Corps on McCook's arrival was
moved beyond Pond Spring, six miles, and bivouacked
near the Chickamauga. Johnson's, Sheridan's and
Davis' Divisions occupied the ground left by General
Thomas, with outposts thrown forward towards Dug
and Catlett's Gaps of Pigeon Mountain. Crittenden's
Corps was then within reach in case of attack, and Gen-
eral Ilosecrans suspecting Bragg's ])lan kept a watchful
eye on the left.

During the day. General Steedmau, <tii recon-
noissance toward Ringgokl, saw heavy clouds of dust
toward Dalton, whence reinforcements would arrive
for Bragg; our signal officers on the mountains also ob-
served the same thing. These tell tale lines tended
toward our left. Rosecrans was infornuMl. From
scouts and spies and various sources. General Rosecrans
had learned beyond the possibility of doubt that Bragg
had been reinforced by Longstreet's Cori)s from Vir-
ginia; by Johnston's forces from Mississippi, including
paroled prisoners from Vicksburg; by Buckner's Corps,
and by Walker's Corps, from Georgia; constituting an
army of over 70,000 men, marshaled on the banks of the
Chickamauga, for the purpose of not only annihilating
the Army of the Cumberland, but retaking Chatta-
nooga. To opx)ose this vast aggregation, Rosecrans had

IM THE ONE HL'NDHKD AND FOURTH

imt n\rr ."»r»,(MM» iiicli, litll lirilluT lie imr his SulduMS

diiiihtiMi tlit'ii' )il>ilil V to cuitc Willi Hia^;; and defeat his
aniiv. All kiU'W that a j:if*at batth* iinisl Itc f<»n;;ht
HuoiiiT or later, and ueii- anxious to have it o\ri .

Some military rrilirs, also soiim* j^eiierals, haNe as-
herti'd that K»tsiTrai»s should have wit Inlrawii his whoh'
ariiiv lit <'hattaiioo;.'a on tlieni^dit of the ITthaml iMli.
iiisicati of siojipini: to li^iiii at ( 'hicUamaii^a. This rould
ha\c Ween doni- jtiohaldy with some loss, hut in such
<ase tlie ultimate results wouhl have betMJ had, ha/.ai'il-
iii;; iu»t oiil\ the possession of the piimary ohjrct of th<'
(-aini>ai;;n, but mI! I he \ast territory ^aiiifd imiih
to the Ohio KiNtjf, as lira;:;:, with an uniirokni
army, rould not only have liesie;;ed ("hatta-
Ii«Ki^a sur«essfully. Iiut eould lia\e nossed iIh- Ten-
nessee ami marched a^ain into Kentucky. There
sei'ins to have been on both sides wisdom in iIh- coh-
rlusioii thai a ;^reat battle, both for military and polit-
i«al reasons, was an absolute neccssiiy. In \ lew of
the im)iendinu contest all of the trains, «'\(f|ii ninmii-
nition and a few supjdy wagons, were sent on to that-
tanoo^ja by the roads nearest Lookout and lyin^ west
of Mission Itidp*.

< hi the morniuLr of tli" jsth. tin- coi-ps of M(("oid<
and Tliouias were |Mit in iii<>iiou U>v ilif l»tt. Neu-
|e\'s ni\ision «lid not march until ihiec ji. m., when
we left our bivouac near (>w«ii's I'oid, liM- miles from
CrawJish Sprinj^s, ami prot ((Mhij toujud the latter
phu-e. I'roni Hweii's I'ord t hei-c was tiidy one prac-
ticable road and this was blockaded with troops, ariil
jery and trains, makin;; the movement very slow. The
nat are of ihr country was such as to :idmit of im nio\ < -
ments tlirou;;h the tields, except toi- infaiiiiy. and then
onl\ at interNals. Dense cedar brakes ^lowin^on and
anioii^ broken limestone rocks abounded eNcivwheie
iiliil prevented a |»assa;;e. Durinj; the day more or
lesK cannonading' was heard away (Ui the left where
Crittenden lay. Heally's |{ri;:ade. after consuming' six-
hours and makin<^ three nnles, halted at nine in the

eVenin;; in «o||se<|Uence of nrders to liiKc ;i r<»:id to ihe

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 127

right and relieve Colonel Grose, who was confronting
the enemy at a ford of the Chickaniauga, three miles
from Crawtish. Bnt the One Hundred and Fourth,
being still in the rear guarding a train, it was neces-
sary to wait for its arrival. Not having reported at
twelve, General Beatty moved off with the three regi-
ments and Bridge's Jiattery, leaving the writer to con-
duct the Kegiment to position. About (me a. m. the
One Ilundr(Ml and Fourth arrived and the order was
given to Golonel llapemau. The men were greatly
fatigued and needed sleep, but we must go. Falling
in, the march was begun and though not very long,
there were circumstances that made it seem so. The
night was intensely dark, the road a mere trace
through the woods with underbrush on each side.
There was no talking, not a sound disturbed the still-
ness wdiicli became painful in view of possibilities, pain-
ful to the writer, charged with the responsibility of
finding the Brigade. After marching for a distance
that seemed miles, a halt was made and all listened
for sounds indicating our proximity to the command.
Nothing was heard. Golonel Hapeman and the writer
then lighted matches and examined the road for tracks.
But having passed no laterals it was certain that no
mistake could have been made. We then moved on,
and after another age, suddenly stumbled upon some
pickets— our own; the balance of the Brigade were
sound asleep in the dark foi-est. It was then two a. m.
Reporting to General Beatty, who was greatly relieved
by our arrival, such sleep as could be had on this
cold night, was sought. No fires Avere allowed.

The 18th had been em])loyed by Bragg in massing
his heaviest forces east of the Ghicakamauga in front
of and beyond Crittenden, who held position from Le(»
anrl Gordon's Mills northward, with \Yilder and Minty
to his left, respectively at Alexander's and Reed's
bridges, situated two and five miles from the mills.
Tedford's, Dalton's ami Byron's Fords were between.

General Bragg had issued orders for attack on the
18th, but had been delaved bv the same obstacles as

128 THE ONE HUNDUED AND FOURTH

l{u8«M rails, iuimk-In, ft*\v ami IkhI loads, aiul ou iliis
uccuuut loHt the advantage of u liay. The beuelit had
act-nud lo the hilier, who was the belter piipantl
fur halth* on the TJih. 1 kMnonsiraiions wen* made in
the niorninji l»v the enmiv a^Minsl I'ahner, \vhi> was
posted lo I lie rij^hl of Crawhsli Si)rinj;s. AI>o aj^ainbt
Wootl bv I'olk's Corps, bnt these were «>uly iniended
to divert attention from the left. About ten Minty
and \\ ihh-r at tht- bridj;rs, wt-re altackt-d by portions
of Hood's and N\ alker's Corps. ;in<l \\»ri* abh* to keep
them from crossin*; until live p. m., inlliciinj^ a lieavy
loss. They thfu joined Wood. Toward t'V«'nin|:, Ct>l-
«»n«'l l>anirl .M((\»ok, eomniaiidin^' the Se(«tnd Hri;:ade,
f>efond Division, of tin* Kcsiixt- Corps, attark»*d and
burneil Heed's bridjje in ili<- lair of ihc enemy, and
disiovrred that a rebel brij^ade had crossed. The
bearing; of Mct'ook's iliscovery on i Ik- e\ents of the
r.Mli, as will appear, wer«' importani.

When the shades of niy;ht fell upon Clii«kaiiiaii;^a
valley two ;;reat armies, nunibt liii;: noi less tlian one
hundred and twenty-live thousand men, were march-
in;; to take positions for the <ouibal, iheir movements
eonceale«l from each other by ihe Chi«kamau;ia ami
deep forests. (leiieral Iba^^'s ir<»..|»s spent the ni^ht
in crossin^^ the river and in tin- iiioiuiu^ they were
jirraniied with Walker's ( "oips ou the riulil, lloud in
the center, I'.uckner on the left, with ("heatliam in
reHerve. Walker was west of Ale.xamler's bri<l^e,
Hucklier's left one mile lioitli of Lee and (oU'don's
.Mills. INdk's and Hill's Corps wen- furliicr up the
river, the cavalry i>\\ both llanks. (Jeiu'ral Tluuuas
spi'iit the ni^lit in mo\in^f his divisi<»ns to the left,
opposite those of I'.i'a;;^, and ai dawn of ilie I'.Mli lit-
had tive divisions in line while others were «in the
way. Cieiieral Crittenden still held the line at Lee
and <iordon'K Mills as a mailer of necessity, to <'ovei"
Tln»mas' movements, but I'alinci- and \'an <'leve were
move<l in the ni;;ht near Thomas. Central Xe'jh'V,
with two bri'^Mdfs. filled the space \acaicd by l*alnier.
;:el(in^ into position at <lavli;^dit.

j REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 12»

Soon after daylight ou the 19th, there was occa-
sional tiring on the picket line in front of Beatty's
Brigade, then occupying the extreme right of our army
and three miles from any support. We occupied a
ridge covered with a thin growth of timber and before
US was a cleared tield of some twenty acres; just
beyond this was a narrow tract of timbered land
which bordered the Chickamauga. Heavy woods and
underbrush were <»n each side of the tield. The dis-
tance to the creek was a (juarter of a mile or more.
The Fifteenth Kentucky was thrown out in front as
skirmishers and took position in the woods below the
field ; skirmishers were also sent to the right and left.
These dispositions were made before dawn. The enemy
soon showed themselves on the opposite bank and
advancing skirmishers across the creek, engaged ours,
but did not advance in force. A desultory firing now
followed for several hours when suddenly about ten,
two rebel batteries opened upon Beatty's position.
Captain Bridges replied with good effect. The duel
lasted nearly three hours and was intensely interest-
ing. The reserve regiments during the fight were
concealed partly in the woods, and protected to some
extent. About twelve General Beatty ordered two
guns to be moved to the right a little, to another hill.
Captain Bridges misunderstiinding the order, moved
the whole battery. The rebels seeing it fired faster
/ than ever. General Beatty observing this, having
/4^been^ent elsewhere, sent Bridges back to the old
position in haste. About this time three pieces of
Schultz's First Ohio Battery and the Eighteenth Ohio,
arrived from the left. The firing then became fiercer
than ever. The enemy also began to advance infantry,
but halted on discovering our new battery. In half
an hour so effective was the fire of our batteries, hav-
ing dismounted two rebel guns, that the enemy lim-
bered up and withdrew.

Bridges' Battery lost in this action two men killed,
nine wounded, and had twelve horses killed or dis-
abled. The One Hundred and Fourth lost one man.

IM THE ONE HrXDRED AND Fol'RTH

inoiiall.v NVtMMHlrd. ami ci;:!!! woiiihI«m1. on ili»* skir-
iiiisli liin- :iii<l at llu- IkHHtv. .laroh Ham-. .>f t'.Mii-
|miiv 1. losi ln-n« his ^.mmI ii;:lil arm. Ai tliriM- p. m.
(ii'iicral Hraii.v n-rriviMl ..r.lt'is Im join llu- maiji ariuy
to tlif Ifft, Imt tin* fiH'iMV Immii;; still in «»iii- froiil anoss
tlif rr«fk, \v«* uiJlulifw sl«»\vly an*l ran-fullv. WImmi
tin- n*h»'ls •lisruv«M(Ml imr wit luliawal. thrir ravaliv at
«un-f rn»ss»Ml tin* «-nM>k ii» «nir n-ar, Imt ili<l ii<»i aitark.
ami wr n-arluMl Crawlisli S|iiin;:s at tiv«-.

Wr had hranl «aiiii«»iia«liii;; all <lay itii tin- l<n ami
kiH'W that Ihsiv.v li^ihtiii;: was ^oiii;: nii lii.-rr. Ai
tlu* Springs wr sa\N s«<ifrs of woiiml***! «-t»miii;; liack,
gome on foot ami maii.v in aiiilmlamrs. Aftt-ra halt t<»
till thr ••aiit«'«Mis, th»' l»fi«ia«l«' imommI on noith towaid
tin* sound of thr "rnns, for ihrrr mih-s. ami it tln'ii l)eiu«;
•lark, wfiit into hivonac on a ii<l;:»' near < >sliorm*'s farm
housr, ami m>t fai- fiom i ln' Widow ( Ih-nn's, Kosrcians'
h<*ad«niJirt«'is. TIm- imii iii<-d and hnn;;iv |ini»ar«Ml
tlndr s«ant> m«*al of haidta« k. Iiaron and rolT«M', and
whjh* this was lu-in^ «-at«Mi, witm-ss«'d in tin* twili^dit
a rhar;;«' <>f N<'jxh«y's Ilfijzadc and \\ ihh-i-'s mounted
iiifantrv, h*ss than a «|nart«*i' of a niih- i-ast, w hiih was
Hm'c«»ssfnl, driving' hark tln-iMn-mv half a milf.

TIm- lH'a\ V ti;:liiin^^ of the I'.Mh had Imm-ii on tiir h-fi ;
|M"''ininn;x:it 10a.m.. Ivosccians ami Tin una s had idaictl
the divisions »»f Haii-d. Ittannan and Krymdds with
l*alim*f's and Nan ( 'h'vr's. in positions m-ai- to tin*
I.al'avrttr loail. at Kdlv's honsr ami Ix-yond. st* as to
«-i»vrr any advamr ffom Kim-jI's ami A l<\and»'i*s
hridp-s. TIn'y ha<l ri;:htly jndjicd that llia^^;; wo\ild
mass his lmavi«*st font's on onf h-fi and i-rai-. If snr-
ri'ssfnl in drstroyin;: that win^' of otir army ami s<'rnr-
iiijj tln' l,al'ay«-tt»' Koad. his way was rlrar to Kossvilh'
and <'liattanoo;:a. r»-sp«'rtiv«dy fivr ami t<Mi inih's tlis-
tant. with m> army m»rth i'X««'pt ("iran^'rr's small «om-
niand at tin* form«*r phnr. to opposi* him. It was not
vi't known that nearly all tin- rrhrl army was wrst of
flu* ('hirkamauLM :iinl rapidly approaihin;:. y«'t smh
was tin* fart.

r.don<*l han M.< ook ridin;^ up io (icui'ial Thomas

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 131

early on llic 19th, iiifoi-iiicd liim of liis ;i(lv(Mitiii-«* the
night hcfoiv and of a rebel l)i-i.i;;Hle heiii;; isohited iH'iir
the bii<l«;e. Thi^^ iiifoniiatioii ied to the «>i)(Miiiio- of the
battle, and was opixn-tunely given. (Jeneral Thomas
desirous of eai)turing the brigade, directed (Jeneral
Brannan to take mvo biiga<h's and advance on the
bridge road, lirannan h-aving Croxton's brigade on tiie
left of Baird, moved off with (.'oiineH's and Vander-
Teer's. He had not gone far Avlien he suddenly (Mi-
countered three briga^h's of cavalry under Forrest, with
iiifautry on his left. The latter struck Croxton and
severe tightiiig began, (leiieral Thomas now advanced
Baird. The two divisions soon drove the enemy back
and captured 200 prisoners. Meantime Baird saw rebel
forces on his right and faced King's lirigade toward
them, but Lid<leirs wlnde Division ])ouring in, swept
King's and Scribner's Brigades away, capturing ten
guns. Starkweather's Brigade coming uj) met a similar
fate. But the tide was to turn. Brannan set it in
motion by charging witii two brigades, one of his regi-
ments, the Ninth Ohio, recapturing (lunther's Battery,
Fifth U. S. Artillery, at the point of the bayonet. (Jreat
difficulty was experienced here as elsewhere in moving
artillery or men on account of woods and underl)rush,
there being only now and then cleared fields. Thomas
and Rosecraus having divined the meaning of these
attacks, had taken care to provide for them. Reynolds',
Palmer's and Johnson's Divisions immediately arrived
and Aver(^ sent into the contlict near the Kelly house
and southeast. (leneral Bragg had made his attack
on the supposition that the major part of Rosecrans'
army was yet in the vicinity of Crawfish Springs, three
miles further south. He intended to swing round his
right so as to envelop Crittenden, and then he woiild
also be able to occupy the roads to Chattanooga and
stand across the line of marcli of Rosecrans' center and
right. Being confused at the unexi)ected opposition on
his right, his center and left were withheld and rein-
forcements sent to his right. On this account a large un-
occupied space between Thomas and Crittenden was not

! :• THK "NK "• V'KKI) ANI» ForHTH

1iII«m| I»\ Hia^ji fur >oiii»' tiiiu*, wlii«li also alloucil
ICoMM rails i«" iiiakr in*w «lis|M»siiioiis.

<J««iirial Sam. l{«-allv*s ami l>i«k's Hri<;a«U's wnv
hiirri«M| forward bv ( 'riitfml«Mi, ami (Jnn-ral Davis ar-
rived with Carlin's and llrj^'s I{rij;a«l«*s. TlK'se wero
]ila««'d on ihr ri^lit of N'an ('l«'\«', ami none loo soon.
I»a\is was siipi(ori«*<l on his rij;hl by \\'ihh*r's inoiinird
infantrv with th«*ir repratin;; ritirs, which the rebels
had h-arned to resjirtt. In front of \'an Th'V**, Davis

and NN ibh-r. iIh- rebrls jtoured thi'oti^h the w Is in

ovt-rw Iwliiiin;; masses. A «h*speral«' <ontli»t iImmi en-
sued last in;: f"i" scvnal hours, the advaina;^*' Immii;.: lirst
with one sid«' and ih«*ii with the other. Hra^^^'s obje«t
b»'in<^ i(» divid«* our army th«' most frantic cfTorts w«*re
made at this point, the N'iiieyard farm, to swccji away
the f«»r««'s iiaim-d. I'iiially. Dirk's I?ri;:ad«' i^avc way
and also portions of the oijici-s. At this siiprcim' nio-
iiH-iit r»'infortcments nrii\<d. TIh-sc \\t*r<* llarker's
r.ii;:ad«' of Wood's Division, and l.aiboMt's and Brad-
li'\'s Hri^adcs from Shnidan. Soon after (Iciicral

\\ I als«i arrived with Hindi's and Harm-s' nri;:ad«*s.

Tiirir timely arrival restored the fortunes of the day
for oiir army. The llankin^^ i-olnmns of the rebels were
deft-Micd and dri\en back alon;: the entire line and the
< oiitliii erased at that ))oiiit for a time.

M)'antiiii«' iSrannan. Haiid and .lulm-^on. also K«>yn-
ojds, ha\in;: defcjited and dri\en back the rebel ri^rht
uiiii: iNNalki-r's < 'oipsi a lull followed. wlii«li lasted
until r> p. m. when the eneiii> made a furious attack
on dohnson and IJaird. whose di\isions were bein^
|Mist«*<l in a new position near the Dyer house. «'ast of
^flenn's. Theaitack failed and t he »neniy ret ired. The
tide of battle hail bei-n driftin;^ all da\ toward the
Widow iileiin's house. This stood on the Dry N'allev
Koad to ( '|iattanoo;:a. w hich one half mile iioii h t uriied
slii;htl\ to the b'ft throu;:h a pass in .Mission Kid^^e.
Two hi^h iid;;«-s extended ahui;: both sides of the road
from <ilenn*s. .\i the pass ineiitiiuied a spur of Mission
Kevenil hundred f«ei hiiili. heavily wooded, ran east.
'•urvint: north, for a half mile or more This b< « nne

REGIMENT ILLIN<:>IS VOLUNTEERS. 133

known as "Morse SIkk' Kidiic" (Jn its noitlKMstorn
slope was the ''Suodgrass Faiin." A hall" niih? tiii-tliei-
east was the LaFayette Koad and the Kelly Farm, with
McDaniel's (McDonaM's) house a little north of K«dly's.
From here tin' road trended southeast t<» Lee and ( lor-
don's Mills. Toward evening the enemy made another
attack in front of (Henn's, wiiieh was rejmlsed by Ne«^-
ley and Wilder who drove them half a mile. Darkness
had then settled down on the battlefield and both
armies rested where they halted, i;la<l of a res])ite which
all knew wonld be brief, for tierce as had been the con-
tiict, no decisive victory had been ^ained, and th«' morn-
ing wonld bring a renewal of the battle.

The losses on both sides had been very heavy in
killed and wounded. The latter on our side, were taken
to the field hosi)itals at Crawfish and in onr rear, bnt
hnndreds remained on the field to endure the tortures
of hnnger, cold and thirst — perha])s to die. What
tongne can tell, what pen can describe, the suffering
and agon}' of those tlins left helpless! Added to all was
the snspense felt as to the final result. The day's fight-
ing had revealed the fact that Bragg's forces far out-
numbered our own. He had not only overla])i>ed ours
on everv occasion, but it was now known that several
of his divisions had not been engaged at all, also that
Long-street's Corps had arrived from Virginia. On the
other hand, all of Kosecrans' army excei)t one or tAVO
brigades, had been in action. There was a general feel-
ing that the chances were against ns. It was true that
Bragg had been defeated in his objects and his forces
driven back, but he still had the advantage of su])erior
numbers and of the inner and shorter lim»s of attack.
General Rosecrans held a better position on the even-
ing of the 19th than in the morning, when his army was
scattered along for a distan<'e of six miles, and in
consequence of which the combats of the day had been
a series of distinct engagements, first at one point,
then at another. Fortunately Ceneral Bragg had been
prevented by various causes from making the united
and general attack he intended. The unity of our three

lU THE ONE HUNURED AND FOURTH

«oi|is had luMMi <lfsliov«Ml, lio\VfV(*r, l»v tlir iHMi'»;siti<*s <»f
tli«' (lav ami iIm* «livisi«»iis from rath iiiicniiixcil. This
iiltiiiialflv irsuliiMl ill a<ivaiiia;:<- as ii ;:av«' 'rintmas i Im'
I hit'f i-iiiiiinaii(l ainl fMiri's cimmi^Ii to siciii tin- li*l«' uf
.lisasi«-r lliat uMTtuok tln'ri;:lii iiiulfr Mt ( 'ooU .-aily
oil ilii' L'Oili aiitl wliirli hilt fur Thomas woiihl ha\«'

• ii;:iilf«'tl t hi* w lioh* aniiN.

'IMh* moiiiiii;; of I lie 2(M h. Siimhiv . foinni i li«- < liicUa-
maii^ia \'ali«'V w ia|>|Mi| ill a th-iisc fo^i, which |»rr\fiii(<l

• arlv movrmmts. IJostMiaiis orrii|Mt'(l a liiu* rxtt'iuliii;;
troiii ih«- imrthi-asi roiinTof Krilx's I'arm across tht*
l.al'aN «•! tc Ivtiatl. tln-ncr southwest to the \\'i(ht\v
<il«'iiirs. Hainl, Johnson, ralmcr. Kc\ iiohls and llran-
naii were in this or«h'r on the hft. Alti r iniilni'^hl,
llosoi la IIS in conference, ;^a\e orders for Mc<'ooU lo
form a line with Sherithin's and havis' Divisions, ex-
leiidiii;: from (ih-nn's to the h*ft and •■oiiiiectin^^ with

Thomas; ("ritteiideii was directed to hohl Wood's and
\'aii < "h'Ne's I Jivisioiis in reser\e. in t lie rear of Thomas'
riiiht. read.N to reli«'\e .Mc("otdx or Thomas w lien re-
<|iiiied. Nej;le\ who was then on the rii^ht of llrannan,
with two Ini^ades. was to he sent to the left of r,air«l,
as ( leiieial Thomas ex J lected t In- reliels would rem-w the
SI ni<;;ile I here to ;;ct in oil r left and rear just Ih-vond t he
Lal'avette IJoad. With this understanding; the ni'W
ali;.Mime||ts Wele he;;lin iM'fole davMi^lit, except as to

Ne;:lev w ho had not Imm-ii relie\ed and remained where
hewasniiiij 1(» a. ni. < leiieial Th'Miias not understand-
in;: liie cause sent to int|uire.

<ieneral .lolin Ih-atiy's i'.ri^^ade heinj^ unassi;:ned
was at s a. in. sent to t he left. .March in;: a Ion;: t he rid;:e
lie\«ind W idow (lleiin's, and descendini: into the \alley

e;|>t of "I jolseslMM-,** \\ ( • cailie to the La I'a \ et t e lioad

mai Kellx's house and the narrow cleared lield, w In-re
the liri;:adi> was formed on the left of Ilaird, who fa«ed
east. TIm' haller\ was idac«'d near the road. (leiieial

rhoiiias, then on tie- hft, di*si;:nated the |Misitioii. It

vv as a \ery ;: I one, |»ut on t he ex t feme left of t he army.

.1 ml should ha \ e heeii occu|)ied Ity a di\ ision as < leiieral

Tlioiiiiis intended ;iiid had lieen promised. Ilridp-s'

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 136

Battery was placed near the rojul and a line (»f skir-
mishers thrown (Mit to the woods in front. Haird's
Division on the right was Ix'hind sliglit bi-casl works
of rails and timber.

General Kragg had siicnt the night in crossing the
balance of his troo]»s to the west side of the Chicka-
manga. lie had divided his army into two wings — the
right and left, commanded respectively by Generals
Polk and Longstreet. Orders had been given the
former to attack at daylight on onr left, and this was to
be followed at the sonml of JNdk's guns, by the rest of
that wing. General Longstreet was to await develop-
ments and attacdv when expedient. Hnt as nsnal, Polk
delayed an<l did not inove to the assatdt until nearly
9, ami after P>ragg had huntiMl him ii]) and commanded
an immediate advance.

Meantime, (Jeneral Rosecrans had ridden the lines
and fonnd McGook in bad position with a long, attenu-
ated line, which resnlted from covering too mncli
gronnd in trying to connect with 'I'homas. (Mianges
were ordered, bnt before the lines could be rectified,
it was too late to be effective.

Soon after Beatty had taken position on the left, as
before stated, an order from General Thomas directed
him to move his Brigade northeast and toward Mc-
Donald's house a quarter of a mile distant. The con-
sequence of this would be to leave a large unoccupied
space on our right toward Baird, bnt the order, though
unwise, was im])erative as stated by ("'ai)tain Gaw of
General Thomas' St>iff, Avho added that Negley was on
the way to our support. At that time General Thomas
supposed this to be so. We locdvcd in vain for him to
arrive as the Brigade mov(^l across the tield in the
direction ordered. It Avas then half i)ast nine, the fog
had cleared away but clouds of snndve Imng over the
valley, through which the sun, red, as if ^^ith anger,
shone down liot and sultry. ]\Iore or less skirmishing
had been going on for an hotir in front of Paird, the
j)remonitory signs of attack. Beatty's Brigade ad-
vanced northeast with two com]»anies of skirmishers

13* THE UNE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

ill lioiii i»l' i;uli ifj^iiiiL-ui. Tin- 10i;4lil v«M<;liili ludiaiui,
(Colouei lliniij»hri»*8) wan on tin* Ifft, the Forly-secoud
In«li;iiia, (Lifiiit'iiaiit-roloin'l MrliiTynM in'.\t on the
ri^ihl ; ihvu raiiM* ih«- ( Mn* 1 1 iiiitlird ami I'lturih llliimis,
(Coluiu-1 IlaiMMiiani and thr Fifimith K»*iiliuk\, (< 'ol-
ttiU'l Tavhui; Hri«l;,'r.s' Uallrrv follow etl. The entire
bri^iade nunibeieil l«-ss than twelve hiiiidnMl men. 'I'he
skiniiishers un** inniu*diat«d\ <Mi;ia;i«Ml and hea\ily.
Such a stronj; op|»usii ii»ii was nianif«'st«Ml Ihat <irn<*ial
Ih-aliy ordtTrd ilir«'f imui- cunipanii-s. unc aftn- the
othrr, to h«* s«*nt to tin* skii-misii lim-. w liirh uas about
t«*n rods in advantr. Tliis hit niil\ ii\.- < niupairu's of
tin* < Mif 1 1 undit'd and I'oiiit h in ifst'ivc.

.Mi-aniinn-. ilir IMfl-t-ni li Kt-nturky was hi-avily at-
tacked in fioiii and on ilu* ii)^lii flank, as also tin* two
r«';:iiM»-nis on iIk- l.-li. Ai i his jnn«i nn*. < oMn-ral liratt y
>»Mit au Aitlf lo Kaiid lo rc(|in*si that a lorcf be thrown
into I h»* nno(Tn|»i«*d s|»;ii »• .m mii- imliIii, Im* also sent
Captain Wilson to hurry up Nf;^lcy w houi w«* fondly
believetl to be al•proa^•hin;,^ The advan««' had been
slow and was throuj^h timber and underbrush makin;;
it iinpossiide to see nioi-e than the len;;th of one small
re;^iuieu!. This had laused irregularity and uneveu-
ness in our lines, as well as that of the skirmishers.
Atlvancinj; northeast and under onlers from <Jeneral
'I'liouias to bear to the left as nnnh as possible tt»ward
.M<1 Donald's, whii h insiiurtion the wiiter lieaid ^iven,
th«* two left re;iiuienls became separated from those
on the ri^ht, leaNin;: a u:ap rtuisiantly betoiuin;; wider.
The tirin;; had then become liv«d\ and bullets were
Kin;;in;: tlieii- swfet lullabies in the air and anion;: th«'
tre«-s and brush, announcing' the s|»eedy arrival t»f the
enemy. At this tiiui- tlie writef was st-ui liy (leueral
{{eatty to luovr the I'oftN second |o the fj^dlt s«) as to

conned with the ( Mie iiundretl and i'ourtli. (Mi ar-
riving a few moments after he found the reijiment t-n-
^a^ed. To move at that time was impossible, raptain
Lel'evie, of thr stall, comiii;: tip then, was kille<l in a

few luoinellt s.

I>uriii<: this time the I-^fteelilh KeiituckN had been

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 137

slowly in'csscd back by superior iiuiuIxms on the trout
and riyht. I'lie oikmu}' were also <lisrov(M'ed poiii-ing
en masse, four columns deep, into the interval between
the right and left winj^s of the brigade and wheeling,
with the purpose of taking our left in Hank, but Captain
Bridges opening Avith grajx' and canistn- brought them
to a halt and they fell ba<k into the timber. The
Forty-second and Eighty-eighth were vSlowly pressed
back and being outflanked on both sides retrcnited to
the ridges in the rear, with a loss of over one Jiundred
men.

Colonel llapeman, by order of Beatty, formed the
'One Hundred and Fourth closely aligned with the
Fifteenth Kentuck}-, when the two regiments made a
galla»t stand against overpowering numbers, (leneral
Beatty personally directing the movements, but they
were obliged to fall back to the road, and did so con-
testing every inch of the ground. The rebels were then
near the battery, and firing into it killed or wounded
every man in it and all of the horses; they also captured
two guns. Captain Bridges almost surrounded, saved
the remainder of the battery with the help of men from
the One Hundred and Fourth, and withdrew it to the
road, where that Regiment an<l the Fifteenth Kentucky
made another stand, which was rendered moie elTective
by help from Captain Goodspeed's Battery. The enemy
were temporarily checked. In the charge on the bat-
tery, the writer then passing, narrowly escaped.

General Beatty seeing the rebels in every dinM-tion
and leaving Colonel Taylor, (senior officer,) in command
of the two regiments, started to the rear to find Negley
or Thomas and urge the necessity for more forces on the
left. As it appeared. General Negley had just b<'fore
reached "Horseshoe" with Stanley's Brigade and had
sent it forward. This was formed^ facing the enemy
by General Beatty, with Colonel Taylor's command on
its left. But the rebels began pressing back the skir-
mish lines and coming within range were met with a
volley that made them halt. The brigade then charged
and drove the enemy a quarter of a mile, capturing over

us

Tin-: oNK urN'Tdjii . wii roi-itrif

"•111- liiimit •-<i jiiiNoiit IS, aiiM'ii;^ ilnMii < iciifial A<l;iiiis
\vlnt was \M)iiii(l«'il. |{iii no i-fiiiforriMiiciiis arriving,
tin* n*ln'ls a^aiii advaiuril aii<l Siaiil«*\*s lim* wit li.ln*\v
slowlv i«» ilir ri«l;;«' aii«i iMok |Misin<»ii in*ar tin* SikkI-
j;rjiss lioiisi*. Staiilv in liis r«'|»>i't savs. "<;»MH'ral
H«*atty was wil li nir aiiti l»v his mtij an<l uallaiit Ixariii^j
a«Mf«l lu tin* cnt Imsiasin <»f my unin-is anti uhmi, dr."
<ii*in*ral N«'j:l»*v lia«l i-rniaiiUMJ on iln- ri(l;;i' iu which
iiiaiiN of oin- hfaH'h troops hail irt ifatt-d and was i*ii-
^'aj:«M| in foiniini; thnn th«M-«' with sonn* l»att»*ri«'S in
snpport.

<i«MH'i-al llfaliy was then piart irally wiihoiii a »oni-
inan*l as Majoi* Lowri<' of N«*«;h*y's Stall, hati Itrcii s(»nt
Ity N«*;:h'y ami withdfawn th«* rift«M-iiih Ktuimky ami
iU\f 1 1 until* •« I ami I'ourl li to t In* ri«l;:<'. ( 'ohmcKraylor
ohfviMl tin* oi<lrf witlnMit ronsnltinir Hcaity, foi- which
In* was aft«Twai-<l soiry, f<ir he was a lna\<' man and
had simply •tivmI, thinking he must oIm \ ihi- .Maj(»r
<i«'m*ial t<"mmamlinj;. Soon aft«'i'. for i«*as«»ns r.\-
plaim-tl, ItMt wholly unsatisfactory, (Icncial Ncj^lcy
takin;: the tiottjis ah<mt him. imlmlin;; Hcatty's nii;;a«l('
ami some ai'tilh'f>. moved lowaid Kossxillc. a mistake
he aftefwaid ie;;ietted. Tlnis the < »ne llumlied and
I'oiii'ih. with t he exc«*pt i«>n <»f a few men, was jife\ »MittMl
\t\ a Idundei- fiom fuitliei- paii ieipat ion iu lln- hattle
of the LMlih.

The l!e;^iiueui lost in killed and mortally woun<le«l
on the P.Mh and L'Oth, seventeen men: wounded some
wvei'ely. on those dat«*s and tin- 'Jlsi. forty-nine
nien. Anion;: the latter were <'apiaiu Ludin^ton,
Lieiiienants Sonthwell, Sapp, r<uii-r aud Talkins.
the latti-r of Hrattv's stafT. The entire loss of
the Itiij^adc was thiee hundred and ten. As
]ill the i-i'« ords show, ami as all know, it
did all that inoiial men could <lo to hurl hark the
division hi-on;:lit a;:ainst it, ami under a less hraxe and
skillful < ommander mi;:ht lune dom* less.

The relu'ls had ;iained at last the l.al'a \ .1 1<- Koad
and eould have marched into our rear, hut failed to
do so, t he i«'ason liein;: as show u hy I Ira l:l;*s report that

' REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 1S9

his ri^lit had suffered so severely and been so nearly
iis(m1 lip that he could not send tluMii uoi- sicirc any
ti'(»(>i»s fnmi his left. \'idc Heh. Kcc, Vol. XXX, IM. 2.

Keatty's liiiiijKh* h;ul loujiiit t«'U times its own num-
bers and (ontiibuted materially to that r<*siilt. It had
also relieved Baird on our right from what mi;;lit have
proved disastrous to him and the forces to his ri^ht.

The tide of battle bej^uu first on the left against
Beatty r<dled in successive waves to the right, striking
Baird next, and soon after extending along the entire
front to McCook at the Widow (Ilenn's. Baird well
protected lield his ])osition as did the divisions to his
right, and after rei>eated assaults, the rebels ceased
to attack for some hours at any point on this ]»art of
the line.

Folh»wing the retirement of Stanley on the left,
General Beatty, ('a]>tain Wilson, A. A. (x., and the
writer, repaired to the "Horseshoe" ridge, lying im-
mediately west, sui^posing the Brigade must be there,
but Xegley and all had gone. This hasty withdrawal
for which he was subsequently brought bef(»re a Coui-t
of In(]uiry, and which lie ingenuously explained, was
uncalled for by the circumstances, and had not (ieneral
Negley heretofore proved himself a brave and skillful
commander on many battlefields, the statement Avould
hardly have been accei>ted.

There were numbers (►f troops on the ridge, the
scattered fragments of a dozen commands, but no
artillery. It had either been captured or taken to the
rear. Baird, lirannan, Beyiudds and Wood also, still
held firm, but disaster had overwhelmed the right, and
the evidence of it became apparent to Thomas and the
center between eleven and twelve, when streams of
panic-stricken soldiers began to pcuir tllrough the woods
in the rear of the ridge held by Thomas, all going U(»rth
as by instinct. Many of them seemed to have very little
else left. Some were induced to join the line on the
ridge. All attem]>ts to rally any large numbers were
futile. They were in part the fragiiKMits of McCook's
command.

!*•) THK ONE HUNDRKD AND FOURTH

Tin* «li.s;i>l«'r itn ihc lij^hi waN <lu«' not ><• iiiu« li to
scarcily nf sol«lit*rs ami |rii;iih <»f iln' lim* to b«* <U*feii«l<'l.
iiK to ba«l ^iMifialsliip aiiil I In* (h»;;;;«Mhirss of (M*ii«*ral
W'ooil. \\ Ih'Ii riioiiias lia<l st-ui to Kos«Mi-aiis for r**-
iiifonriiH'iiis ami rj'|M'at«*<l tin* i-r(|m'sts. all was qiii«*t
on our ri;;lit. wliirh simmihmI to imlicatr that Mfa;;;; wa^
making; his sii)>nMm' attack on Tiioiiias ami iIm* Ifft.
liostMiaiis t lifirfuii' |ii-«*|>ai-«M| lo N\ ii lnlra\\ .Mt< "ook's
lim* ahoiii 10 o'rjui k. iiioic to ijir jrfi, m-airr 'i'lionias.
()r«h*i*H \v«*n» «ji;ivt'ii lor i w o of SlnM-idan's l)i-i;ia«li*s aii<I
two of \'aii( 'I«*v«*'s to iiioM- low aitl Tlioiiias. 'riii'ic was,
tin Ml. no rrs«Tv«* ••xr»*|(t W ildfi's. Af t hat t inn-, an Ai<le
i«-|ioii«m1 iliai Tliomas was In-avily |(I'«'ss(m1 and timnal
Jtrannan's l»i\ision out of lin«*. rxiMtsini; K«'\ iioMs'
ri;;lit. Tln'i-cii|ton •ii-ni'ial KosiMians stMii an oi'tii'i- to
Wood lo ••( "|os»' up on Ivfvnolds as fast as |»ossild«', and
snj»i»oit liiin." Wood kinw that IJcynolds was not cx-
jMisi'd nof jliannan out of lini-. tin- laiii-f Iti-in^ in >il(>-
hill in irai- of II»-\ nojds, and to clost- \\\t on ilit- latter.
Wood ninst ]>ass in rrarof lira n nan. lta\ inu a L;a|i. Htit
^^'ood r«*;.Mrdin;: llif oidff as iinpriat i\ •• |tro»<M'dt*d
to ««x«Mni«' it. t lion^li as a skill fid roniinandt*r td" known
abiiilN, In* must lia\»' forcsiMMi tin* «ons«M|m'mrs ami
it \\a> in liis powrr to avert thrni l>.v delavinir tlir imon*--
nuMit and ridin;: to ln'adt|naiii'is. Aftt-r inovln;; and
\N li»-n too latt'. In- nn'i Tlionias who plan-d hiin m'af
Haii'd. TIii-oiimIi i|,,. w;,|, madt- iIm- llflicls who had
«|nirtl\ a|>|noarhfd. rnslnMJ ••n inassc. Tart of litndlV
nii^'adr was st link in i he w hirl and dii\en l»at k. I'ran-
iiian was taken in flank Inii i|iii( kly rhan;:ed front and
held his ;:roninl. Lylle's and Walworth's lni^ades. also
Lailtoldl's of Sheiidans di\ision. rushed toward tin-
enemy lint were soon repulsed, < leneial Lyile, the ;jifted
soldiej- |»oet. Iteinu killed. These with portions of
<teneral Sam. |{eatiy*s and l>irk*s hriijades. Itein;: iin-

ahl<* to n'Sisf the tlense masses of t he < (III federates, fell

liark over the rid;^e extending mtrih from the Widow
^ileiin's. Manx pieres of art iller\ w ere aNo lost .

Thus li>e l»ri;iades had lieeu swept away from the
lield ;i«* l»\ the besom of desi rutl iou. While a few men

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 141

found their Avav to Thomas, the majorit.v (Mtlier drifted
throuj^h the woods in rear of liis i»(»siti<>n or foUowcd
Sheridan and Davis down the Dry N'allcy lioad here-
tofore mentioned as passinj^ throuj^h Mission iiidge
about one mile north of Glenn's at the very point
where Horseshoe ridjie be<j;ins, on wliich and its ont-
lyin<; spurs, facin*^' east, southeast, and soutli, (leneral
Thomas with portions of seven divisions and many
small detachments from a hundred commands, stood
firm as the everlasting hills about them from noon till
nijiht and hurled back the ever advancinj^ hosts of the
enemy led by Lonjistreet and his veteran legions, who
kad been accustomed to walk triumphant over the
Army of the Potomac, and had come south as some of
those who were captured remarked, ''To show Kra<ij»-
how to fioht."

There was nothing to preve^it Sheridan and Davis
with their brigades, yet partially intact, from joining
Thomas by deflecting to the right at the debouchure of
the Dry N'alley Koad near Villetoe's — except the panic
which temporarily seized the majority from generals
to privates. That this could have been done was
proven by the arrival on the ridge of the Forty-fourth
Indiana and Seventeenth Kentucky and other detach-
ments. Also, further proven by the i)assage of hun-
dreds of fugitives over the right of the ridge in rear
of Thomas, whom many officers, among them the writer,
tried to stop by persuasion and a guard line. Failing
in this Sheridan and Davis could have gained Thomas
by way of McFarland's Gap tAvo and a half miles north,
with the greatest ease. But instead of this they went
on to Rossville, and as all the histories say, which
seems farcical to the writer, effected a junction with
Thomas by the La Fayette and Dry A'alley Roads!
They met his withdrawing troops after dark, too late
to be of any service. Had they gone to the ridge
Thfnnas most' probably would not have Avithdrawn
at all.

In the disaster that swept the right wing from the
field. Generals Rosecrans, McCook and Crittenden

l« THE ONE Hl'NDRKD AND FtU'RTH

l)«'<;iini- iii\ii|\c«| and si-fiiiiii;:! \ lost iln-ii- Im-jhIs. Tlirv
all ui'in Itt < "lianauuti;^;! iiinItT ! JM" iinjnrssioii thai tin-

wliojf \r{\ mi!«M- lia<l Ihm'ii iMiitrtj. a faial iiiisiakc for
tliiMii iii«liviiluallv, whicli im aiiiMiini of fMplaiiaiions,
t'siMMJaliv as ir;:ai«ls tin* iwm lall«*r, roiilil f\cr icihI**!'
sat isfai Imix. Tin* w iit«T. an ailiniirr of Uosrciaii.s now
aii«l ('\<'r, saw lin* ruiiiniainliii;; <i«Mii'ial pass hark with
sttriH- nf his SiatT aii<l »'sr»»it. ami VNas m-ai- •'iiou;^h to
Im' inipi'fssiMl wiih the ith-a thai somd liin;; had ;;oiie
wnm;: \\ilh*M>hl Kosv." w hat. hr kiit-w not at iliftiinf.
As this o.Tiiiictl on oin' of the spnis of I |t»i stsinu*, it is
♦•vitliMirr that t InTr was no dillirnlty altoiii joiniiiu;
Thomas wln-n tln'v fell hark. TIm' siaicnieni is ^iven
to rrmoM' one of the manv myths of enrieiii history.

Meanwhile. Kim;:;: had auJim altarked on omi- left
with r»i-e«kiniid;:e's hi\ision and W'alkei's ( "oij>s. sn|»-
jMified hy ti;:hlini: I'ai. ("lelniiiie. r.iii liie liist was
utterly i-oiited and dli\en flom the tieM hy the hfi-
^ades of Will if 1 1. < ; iii>e. a in! N'andei-s ee|-. w liije Walker
and ('jehnriie met with tin* same fate at the hands of
Kairtl. Hrannan ami Keynolds. These re|inlses were

K() romplete that hltef ill the ilay. when LollUSt feet

Kent to lira;:;: for leinfoit enients from the ri;:hi. he
was informed thai "The li^ht iiad heeii heateii hark
so hadly as to 1m- of no servire to me." \'ide Lon;:-
stn'et's KeiM.rt. K<h. Kei .. Series I. \o|. WX. Tart L*.

(leiieral Thomas from headi|uartei s at the Snod-
^I'ass lions*' was watehin;: the |iro;:ress of alTairs on
till' left all unaware of the <lefeai on our riLiht until
the driftin;: wreeka;:e from that »|uarter arrested his
attention heiween ele\en and iwehc. .\ pprehendin'.j
the silualitin. the Titanir fon-e of the man rose eipial
to the orrasiou. Theie was then no attark on the left
to riaim attention, and ridin;: to the nest aho\«- the
Snod;:rass house. Tlionias at oine he;:an ronreni rai inu
all of the foices on the rid;:e and its outliers, in front

«>f l.on;:st reel. lie had left for the hallle lilies pef

haps Iweiilx thitiisand men. hut iio aiiillei\. The

iMIKitioMH Were admiiahle fo|- defense, the lid'^e pro|ter.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 143

au(l the s])iiis, sl«>j>in}; olT (owjird tlic ciicmy in jill
directions, forty-five (lejj;rees, and were con*'!!'!! with
oak and other trees. Up those ruiii;('d lieii;jits the
eueiny must ciiai-j^c.

Lonjistreet aii(l his sohliers, exultant with victory,
having rested ami re-formed th^ lines, soon appeared
on the slopes. As they came into musket ranjj^e, our
lines opened with deadly volleys from whi<'li tlie enemy
recoiled, only to <'hari;t' ajL^ain. The heaviest first
attacks fell on Wood and Hrannan, but tlx'ir ranks
remained unbroken.

During a i)art of the time the writer was employed
in cai*ryinii' ammunition to the crest b}' order of (Jen-
eral Beatty, who was everywhere? present, and carried
ammunition himself. There were few Generals there
with commissions, but man^' men who would not have
disj'Taced one. On one ])art of the ridi^e there were
soldiers of a score of rej»iments, and all bent to the
work as with an energy born of despair, none wavered.
But there was one General present worth then
10,000 men! ralm, cool and impassive, with such a
look on his face at times as the fabled Imperial Jove
might be imagined to have possessed, bearing the
stamp of genius and God-like attributes, (Jeorge H.
Thomas stood unmoved and immovable, holding in his
hand that day the fate of the Army of the Cumber-
land and of the Nation! Well did he earn the title,
"Rock of Chickamauga." In the long list of generals
and heroes Thomas stands as far above all as the
towering mountain top above the hill of the valley!
Every soldier knew that Thomas Avas there an<l turned
instinctively as he rode from one point to another in
the lull that was only a ])relude to another and fiercer
attack. It was coming. Bragg and Longstreet were
preparing heavy columns to be hurled against the right
and rear on that tlank by way of a gorge or ravine
having its entrance at the west end of Horseshoe ridge,
ti few rods only from the Dry Valley Road. The time
was about one, and it was a serious question how long
the attenuated lines could resist the next assaults.

H4 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Aiiiiiiuiiiiioii wjis niiiiiiii*: l<t\\. Sniuc fool lunl oi(1»m«'(1
or laikt'ii away tin* oi'diiaiiif i rains lo Ivossvillr. All
f«*ll as if soiiif crisis was alioiii lo ariivr for wral or
wof. Thomas aii<l oiIhms \\«'I«* watrliiii*; ilic approach
of a ImmIv of troiips friuii thi* icar. 'IMm-v ini;;h! In*
fricmls or fo»'s. ('aptaiii .lohiison, of Nc^ih'v's SiafT,
who was pr«*s«Mil, roih- iloun lo sfc. 'I'hcv iiiarchcil in
tjiiick tinifasihcv caim- m-arcr, ihc<M«l IMaj:; lluttcrc<l
ill th«' l»r«*<*zo al>o\«' th*- ;:lin«'riii;i havoiicis of (Iran-
^••r's iiu'ii, four ihoiisaiiil strong. ( "Ikm-is hniM mimI Ion;;
imIummI ill \]^^^ foics! ij:hiilfs mikI aloii^ ilic liills ami
jj«»r;;«*s h<*l<l l»\ riioiiias' iiH-ii, ami a <l»'\oui praNfr went
up fi'om maiiv a heart in i hankfnlncss. 'i'hc <hiv was
saved. 'I'hcsr tioojts wcif Whiiiakcr's ami .Mitchell's
IJrijiados, of the Keservr ( 'orps. In the f«)r«'noon thev
had heard away otT at Kossville the low and sullen
lioom (if the lirst i:nns, and had hccunie uneasy. No
orders wcic received to «.n> to the front, Imt fe('liii«;
that they on;:ht to he there, orders or iio ord<'rs, the
march l»e;:aii. At their head nxle (ieneral Steedmaii,
who had assumed the rcsponsihility of ;roiii«; (o the
relief of Thomas.

l.on;:street had aeain ad\anced with the forces of
.Johnson. Ilindman and Kershaw, and had gained a
part of the lid^e on the ri;_dit, and was pr<'ssin^ U]>
the ^or;:e when the two l»iii;ades led l>\ Steedtuaii
appeared on the lield and (piickly deployiii;; in line,
charged with cheers an<l yells. It was a stru<r;:le of
Titans and the slau;.'ht«*r was fearful. Steedman's
horse l»eiii«r shot he advam*ed on foot. One of the
re;:iments waverin;:. Steedman, seizinir the llaL^
shouted. "Hovs, you may j:o hack, this fhiLT iie\eil'*
TIm'V rliar;;ed ovei- tin- « test driving all Itefore them;
the wave rolling; up the i:oi-;xe was pressed hack. There
were more char;;es and counter charires l>y ilie rehels
when the hayonet was used, 1ml the victory was StiM'd-
maii's, and the rebels fallin;: sud«leidv hack, lirinj:
ciMiHed for a titne. It was then that l.onjrstreet called
for reinforii'ineiits and received the answer already
ijuoted. Me then or;rani/.ed another atta<k, which

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. I45.

began .at four and lasted until dark. In tliis Unt
assault were the ten brigades of 11 indman and ilie
sTiSuv '''''''' ""^ ^''^'*'''' """^ ^^^""'^^ engaged, or only

rohh.^i'T^ ^^Tf ^'""'^ ^^^'^' reorganized bis lines,,
robbed tie dead Of amu.nnitiou, both ours and the
lebel dead, Ijmg by hundreds on the slopes, and was

o/'foJ^n^ ^ '^"'"'^ *.^'^'' ^^'^- It '''^^^ repetition
ot former charges and furiously made. Onlv as ni-jit

approached did the angry waves of rebellion reccnle
having beaten themselves out against the "liock of
Uiickamauga," and the gallant defenders of the liao-
Ihe slaughter on both sides in the afternoon in sonr^
regiments was as high as forty-five per cent and acres
were covered with the dead and wounded. At one
point on the ridge lay sixty dead rebels close together
General Beatty, who was everywhere a conspicuous
hgure, at one time commanding, at another carrvin-
ammunition says, "However much we mav say of
those who held comiuand, justice compels the acknowl-
edgment that no o«ic<^r exhibited more courage on
that occasion thaiUhe humblest private in the ranks.-
Ihe battle was over at dark except a few slio-ht
outbreaks here and there, and Thomas held secure
possession of the ridge, but in obedience to an or er
fiom Rosecrans received soon after four, directing him
tune ZT ^,?^^^^"?' ^^ ^^^r>nvea to do ^o at an o^po".
tune time. General liosecraus says in his report "lie
was to use his discretion." Evervthing havinrbecome
quiet, Reynolds began the movement and in lloin^o

left '^""''tl^e'T'"'^''T"^°' -<^— -.- to attS>ur
iett near the La Fayette Road. Revnolds nuicklv
formed m line facing the enemy, and Turch n's S le

apSo";^' 'Y^^^f ^ ;^^"^'^ t^^ ^^bels half a S^lie .
The wifi^i '''? l;"nclerd prisoners and two cannon:
Ind . wif^T^. ^.^''^ continued without interruption,
nic^L r.i 'V't?'''"'/^''^"^^^'^ Rossville before mid-
rofn^ ^f-Ti ^.^"^ ^^^C^>^1^'« brigade of the Reserve
Goips, which had covered the rear during Oran-ei-'s
advance, also assisted in protecting the line of retreat

146 THE ONE HI'NDRKH AND FOURTH

PnMMHliii^r tl>«- arrival ..f (m-ii.tuI Tli..iii:is. Nr.ul«'V hiu\
Immmi Imisv in foiniin;: a lu-w lin»- »»f «l»'feiiKt» at the
s.M.ih.Tn".MHianr.' of Ifossvill.' r.ap. two mil.'s fn.in
thi' villa;;t'. Artill«'i> aiul tli«- tn.ops lir lia.l lakfn bark
or onit-nMl Uark, also .lisoi ;:aniz«Ml fia-iiM-nts, w.-n-
j)lar«Ml ill ]M>sitiou.

(MMirral Kos.Mi-aiis. wh.-ii In- l.-fi ih.- ti.-M ainl
arrived iln-i'«-, ronsiili in;: with (;aili«'l<l ana otlins,
aixl on th.' supposition of a total .Irf.-at, was a.lvis.Ml
to i:u on to riiattanoojra an.l pirpiH'* ^'» itMM-iv.' llio
ai-inv if il.'f.'att'd an.l to I1..I.I tin* town if p(»ssibU'.
\Vliilr hr i\'u\ so, <;arti.l.l was s.nt t.. tin* ff^nt f«»r «lrtt-
iiilr inf.uination wlii.li In- at .>nr.' ..l.taiiHMl an.l for-
war.l.Ml to U..s.Mians. (J.Mirral lios.Mians aiiiviMl m
Chattanoo^ra a lnokt-n-lH'artrd man, bnt the n.ws fioni
th.-fiont lons.'.l him toa.tion. Mr at once s.-nt M«('«M.k
ami Critirnih-n lo ih.-ir .-..mmands. What a spectarh*
for two corps .omman.lcrs! lie also sent sn].pli.'s of
rations forward to jjossvillc for the nearly starved sol-
diers, and thereafter was himsidf a^Min. r.cneral
KosiM-rans' mistake was in not joining; Thomas. Had
he done so Hra<:;.^ ni)t Thomas, would hav.- retreated.
There can be no «lonbt about this, ami hundreds of
hi;:h authorities have so expressed themselves.

^The ni;:ht ..f the'JOth was spent by T.eneral Thomas
in r«MM-;:airi/in;: th.- army ami .lisposin- ii in iM.sith.ns
for .lefT-ns.- slH.nhl th.- .-n.-my advan..-. To a. 1.1 t.. Us
8tren;,Mh Minty's mount. -.1 infantry, whi.h ha.l n.»t Immmi

in tlm ti;:ht, but w.-r 1 the h'ft, was .all. -d in an.l

several r.';;im.'nis fr.uu th.* r.*ar arriv.'.l.

Cen.'ral Ih-atty. wh.» says that at .lark h.- ha.l no
iib-a that the armv w.ml.l r.*tir«-, and wlm cam.- m-ar
ri.liii;: int.» a r.-b.-l bri^ra.Ie after dark, snpp.»sin;r them
t.) b.' our own m.-n. arriv.-.l at K..ssvilh' in th.' ni^rht an.l
liunt.Ml up tin* nri;;a.l.'. Th.- writ.-r was w.um.l.'.l and
ra|»tnnMl .m ll.»rs.*sh.»e ri.l;;e.

.\t .lavli^'ht .»n the *Jlst H.'an,\'s i'.ri-ad.- was imi
ill posili.tn in the front Iin»' on th.- ri.l;:.' n.ar K.»s-
vilje. The reb.-l a.lvati..* .lid not app.'ar uniil n.-arlv
no.tn, wh.-n I'tatty .'iii:a'-'«*<l them (hibn-lTs Uiii^a.l.i

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 147

in skiriiiishinji, and ttnjill.v iiiadc a cliaruc, diivin;*- the
enemy from the tiehl, k'avino- a number of kille(rjind
wounded. Captain J.eij;hton, of the One Jlundred and
Fourth, was severely wounded, and two otliers sliolitly
wounded. Other forces of tlie enemy ai)i)eare(l on the
left and on tlu^ rij^iit in ( Miattanoo^'a N'aHey, but did
not attack. Their mcjvcments were merely tentative and,
as afterward known, Kraoo's army hadbeen too badly
shattered to do more at that time tlian demonstrate.
He also believed that Kos(Mrans had beoii strongly
reinforced by Biirnside ami other troops. Stran«»e
but Brajij;' first learned of his victory throuj;li
northern sources, and then advanced.

Rossville beino- in every way unsuitabh* for attack
or defense excei)t in front, (xeneral Thomas advised
General Kosecrans to withdraw the army to (Miatta-
noooa. The movement began at nine on'the eveninjT
of the 21st, slowly and carefully, and at daylight on
the 22d the shattered but reunited Army of the Cum-
berland stood defiant behind the defenses of Chatta-
nooga, which three months before it had set out to
capture.

Thus closed the battle of Chickamauga, the blood-
iest of the war in ])roportion to the numbers engaged,
the loss on both si<les approximating 34,000 men in
killed, wounded and missing. The aggregate loss of
the Army of the (Cumberland was 10,330, specifically
as follows: 132 officers killed, 592 wounded, 270 miss-
ing; 1,.555 enlisted men killed, 8,820 wounded, 4,985
missing. Bragg lost 2,073 killed, 10,274 wounded, 2,003
missing, making a total of 20,950. As a large number
of the missing were killed, they must be considered in
the estimate. Our loss in material was immense, being
30 cannon, 15,000 small arms, large quantities of am-
munition, besides wagons and supplies of all kinds.
Captain Porter, of the Ordnance Bureau, estimated
that our troops expended 2,050,000 rounds of musket
cartridges and 7,325 rounds of cannon ammunition.

The fighting qimlities dis])layed on both sides were
of a character to reflect credit on American valor, while

14« THE ONE HUNI>KED AND FOURTH

llif ;ilori«'s uf ( "liirkam;Mi;:a Im-Ioh;; «mjiijiII\ to all jiaiis
of the Army t»f tlu* <'uiiilM'rlaiul, for all wnr n-pn--
s<*nt«*<l in it, cvoii tlu* ln'i;:a«l<*s thai wtMr mvjtw Ih'IiiumI
• •II tin- ii;:lit, lia\iij^ pifVJtMis to that rvciit done tirs-
|i)ial«* ti;:litiii^ and lost liravilv in kill«M| and wiMindrd.
l»nt tin* hattlc was a ihti'ssIi y, ami wliilf al liisi dis-
appointin;; to tin* iioit li, w In-n ii ranic lo he ninU'i-
stood in its full nicanin*;, was rcco^ni/i'd as <nn* of t lie
diM-isivr batlh's of t lie war. Swrh an on«* »anin»t lu*
jiiodnrrd liy tin* nn*r«* drfrai <»f an army. Ii is tin*
<-ons<M|ncm-(*s, military and poliiiral, that llow from
it in surh a way as to fon*sliadow and ;:ovfrn tlu* nlti-
matc result to the <«»nt«*ndin^ parlies or nation. These
were far reaehinj; as soon appeared. X'iewed in this
li;;;hl, t 'hiekaman<;a provetl to he a j;reai iinnin;^ jtolni
in I he history of I he war on hot h sides.

The ( 'onfederales who had ma<le ihe niosi tremen-
dous pri'parai ions ami romenlraled larj;e armies to
annihilate that of KosjMians, exhausiin;; in the elTorl
the resoiirres of the south, failed in all their ohjecis,
which they a\<»w«'d lo he not only toiu|ilete xiciory
in liallle, hut also ihc repossession of ( "hat lanoti^ri,
and the re-comjuesi td" Kentucky and Tenm'sse<', they
contideiitly j»r<'dict in;; thai those results hein;; accom-
plished, the reco;;nition <d" the < "onfe«lerate Stal«*s and
the termination of the war must follow. Hut iiune
of their fond expectations were to he realized. Their
\ict<»rv was a harren one. w Imlly disappointing; to .lelT.
l>avis and his people, who e\|»ecied lar;;«'r results after
su«li tremendous sa<riti«es. Itut few su«h victories
could he alToided. Therefore afh'f a hrief period of
self ;;h.rilicai ion, they he;;an lo find fatilt with <Jem'ral
Itia;:;: and his conduct of a campai;;!) that offered
opjiurl unit ies seldom ;;iven to any <ommamler. I?ra;;i;
in tui'n, to defemi his tiwn faiiiie as a <ienei-al, found
faidt with his suliordinales. .Meanwhile iinahle to
attack Kosecrans in his stron;:hold. he siMtled down
with his army to |>esie;;e his imumiiv and endea\oi- to
accomplish hy st ar\ at ion w hat he had no hope of do iu;^
hv haltle.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 149

IXriDEXTS AT (MIlCKAMAT^dA.
Namitiv(' of First Serjeant (later Lioiiteuaiit) IM.i-
lander Talbot, of Company B:

'^It the time of our re])ulse on the left ;it (Miicka-
mauga, in fallino' back frcMii the skiniiisli line, I
became sei)ai-ate(l liom tlu^ Ke<j;inH.,it and fell back
with others to llorsesiioe ridge. When I arrived I
found several officers there uroincr the men to mak«^
a stand. They representcMl that reinforcements were
comiiio- and that we would yet Avin the dav. Lieu-
tenant (^alkins, of Beatty's Staff, was there among
others. Most of the men were willing to stav, though
some having lost their regiments, went to \he rear.
We immediatcdy went to Avcu-k to s(r<'ugthen our posi-
tion, but had done scarcely anytliiug wlieii the rebels
attacked and tried to di-ive us fi-oui the ridge, but
were re?»ulsed by the steady hr<' of oui- men. We'then
bnilt slight barricades with what loose material we
could find. While doiug this the rebels made another
attack and were again driven down the hill. Uy this
time our ammnnition was nearly gone and the dead
and wounded were searclu^l and what they had left in
their cartridge boxes was distributed. Keiuforcemeuts
<Steednian's Division) had arrived and borne the brunt
of the last attack. About sundown the enemy made
a third desperate attempt to take the ridge, when tliev
were driven as before an<l charged with the bayonet
T3eyond their own former ])ositions. Our boys then
struck up the ''Katth^ Cry of Freedom," the wliole line
taking up the strain, and when they came to the words,
"Down with the traitors, up with the Stars," every
fellow emphasized them with a vim that made the
Tvoods and rocky hills ring. It was one instance where
"Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast," for
although the firing continued for some time there was
no further effort made to drive us from the ridge, and
about 7:30 we mov(Ml towai-d Kossville."

James C. Deegan, of (\>mpany G, says: "After our
flght at Chicka manga on the 20th, P. A. Hawke, J. F.
Diehl, 11. Campbell, F. L. Pound and myself assisted

IM THF. ONE lirNDRED ANM) FOl'ItTH

in liauliii- «»il >iiim- ..I till- jiuiis of Kiid^ics* Itantiv
as I In- rrln'ls \v«*n« al»uiM i<» tak«* llirm. Hawk spikril
«»ur «»f I In* ;:uiis raiHiinMl by lln* n-luls aii*l u liilr «loini,r
it was sinitk liv a s|M-ni ball \vlii« li l<fi a scar over
his v\i\ \\ •' <li<l ii«»t ii*'\ l>:i<k l«» iIk- K<'.t:iin»-iii imiil
I lit- L'LM, and Immc with us a rumplinimiaiv noli- fn»in
("apiain l?iitl;:«s lo rxplain «>nr al»s«'n««-."

W illiain .M. Wilson, of ( "nin|.any K, says: "On Tii-
tlay ni;:lit of Srpn'nibcr isili. w lim iln- Kri^aib- Wad
n-arlirtl I In- position assijiiUMJ lo it. I was oin- of six
drtailfd to <4(t on picki't duty down nt-ai- r|ii.kanian;^a
( r«M'k. \\'«* rxpfttcd to Ix- iclicvi-d in tin* inoinin;:^,
ItMi Wfi-f not. and irniainrd tliric all day, tin- ai'tilln-y
tiiinjr tiv«'i- oiii- in-ads. 'riicrc wfir n)inilM'rs on this
|»irk«'t lint- and loward ni^lil soni.' of tin* olVncrs
iMTomin;: nnt-asy went l»a« k lo tin- hill for oidns. hnl
i-.-IniiM-<l ami said tin- liii^Mdc had i^mn' and that tliry
saw several new made ^M-aves. Il was ilnii alionl
snmlown and foiMnnalely some of our tavalry »ame
al.Mi;: and l«dd ns we had hetlei- -ei oui .|nirU. w lii«li
we did. and by keepin;^ under covei- of the iind>er
and brush al last reached Crawtish Sprin;:s. when oar
snr;:eons uanied us for nufses in the tield hospital
there, but we declined ami left in a liunv. and linally
Joe W ilson and myself reached llie t ;ienn Mouse. K«»se-
rrans' head«piaiieis. w lieie we la\ down ami tried lo
sleep. In the movuiu:: we found liie lle^imenl and
marciie.l wiiii il to the jefi. when I weui on llie skir-
mish line with the rest and did what I could to keep
back the foul- oi- live lines of rebels advancing; on us.
TlnM-e were just acres of I hem and we tired and linally
fell back. slop|»in;: a^'ain to lire as we went and makint:
a not her stand at l he i-oad. l'r<Mu i inre we w eui lo i he
ridp* about half a mile, and al niiiiil airi\ed ai Koss-
vilh-."

I'irsi Sei-;;eani < ieor^c Marsh, of r.iiiipau\ I », says
in re;iard to < 'hickamau;:a : "< Mi I he I!M h we la.\ around
our batleiy oil a hill m-ar rhickamau;:a Tre.d; and lis-
teiietj half a day to the roar of the rebel ;:uns and
ours. Taplain |{rid;:<-s. losint: a number of his men.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 151

a detail from tlic One IluiulnMl and Foui'tli 1h'1]>(m1 to
work the battery, and here several were badly wounded.
About one p. m. our batteries succeeded in silencing
the rebel guns and soon after they seemed to be with-
drawing down the creek. The roar of battle all day
had been tremendous on the left and we soon moved
in that direction. As we approached Crawfish Si)rings
the movement of our armies for concentration was a
grand sight. As we drew nejir the battlefiehl on the
left the roar of the artillery increased and we socmj dis-
tinguished the crashing- sound of musketry, and met
long lines of ambulances with blood dripping from
nearly all, and from some very fast; these were going
to the field hospitals. We arrived on the ti<'hl about
dark and in time to see a most magniticent charge by
Wilder's mounted infantry, which formed on our right
and rode forw?ird into the thick woods, where we
saw no more of them, but heard from their Spencer
repeating rifles the most continucnis and ra]>id fire 1
had ever listened to, accompanied by the sharp crack
of their light howitzers. The rebels were equally in
earnest, for they had immense masses of infantry there
in the dark woods waiting for them. Thc\v also had a
heavy gun that gave a deep growl about once a min-
ute and shook the ground where we stood formed in
squares ready to show what we were there for if ^^'ilder
should be driven back, but he was not. We then
went back behind a, little ridge to sleep — perchance to
dream of home.

"On the morning of the 20tli we were sent to the
extreme left and soon a tremendous battle was raging
all along the line. We were formed in some timber on
level ground and our skirmishers were sent out when
we advanced, but we soon met the rebels four lines
deep and were driven back. We were attacked by
Adams' Brigade, of Breckinridge's Division. At the
order of Colonel Hapeman we fired by vfdley into their
ranks, but without stopping them in the least. They
came on steadily with their light wool hats pulled
down over their eyes, like men breasting a storm. Our

152 THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

li^'lil liin- Ns.i- X...II oMi^.-.l lo fall bark lo a roatl in
our rt*ar if In* La Faivnti' K»»a«l), \vh«*n' w«' a«:aiii f«»nii«Ml
iM-ar our l»ait«Mv aii<l iiwuU* furtli«'r i«*sisiaii(«*, Imt
wen* iinablf to stop thiMii. 1 lia«l Immmi wtniinltMl in ilie
flrnt attack and f»*lt as thou<;h strtirk by a whip; thoi<»
"was no tiuM" tlion to cxaininr thr woninl and I assisted
in irnioxjii;;: on«' of tln' ;;iins, when \v«* rniird to th»*
rid;;i'. A I tin* load then* was luon* or b«ss fxrilrnnMit.
■I'olonrl llaitcnian was dtdn;; his b«'St, as also Major
ANidnuM- to liold tin* I{oj^iinrnt linn. LirnttMiant Kood,
of roiii|iany <i, said, 'TIn'V air just as tir«Ml of this as
you afr.' i/KMit«Miant t'lark was disj^'ustcd brrausi* his
n'Volv«*r would not ^nt otT. Li<'Ut«'nant Win. ( '. Koss,
of Coiupany H. who was a ;riant in statun', had hold
of a sapling; with his h*fi hand, and waving; his sword
with his ri^dil, shouted, M'onu' on: I ;ini niou^ih f<»r a
whole r(';;im«'iit of you luysi'lf.' 1 liaTf no douiit but
that ho fflt so. St'r«;«'ant \\'. II. II. 1 1 iitton, of Com-
pany I), who had b<M*n iironioicd lo ( ulor Ser^joant on
tin* ti«*ld in pla««* of danu's <!. Seward, of <\uu|>any 1*>,
mortally wounded, shouted, '.hisi as well, boys, to dio
ri;;ht hen* as any whcif.' ( olonel iiapt'inan was not
exritiMl and I will say that I never kn«*w him to seek
<-over undrr lire, thouuh In* lecpiii-cd tin' nn-n to lie
down unless a rhar;:** was ordered. .Majrn- W'idiner
was very art iv<* and enicieut all t hrouj^h t he bai i le and
brave as a lion, all said."

CHAPTER XI.

The Siege of Chattanooga.

General Kosecrans, immediately after his arrival
from the front on the 20th, rode over the ground around
Chattanoooa, and witli the eye of an enj^ineei-, seh'ct-
ini"' the jioints of vantage, set the forces in the town
to work on ritle pits. These and some earthwcn-ks
left by the rebels, formed a partial line of defense by
dawn of the 22d, which was further strengtluMied
during- the day and night by the united labors of the
army under the direction of (Jeneral St. Clair Mor-
ton, Chief Engineer of the Army of the Cumberland.

The line extended from the river on the north to
the river on the south, in a crescent-like form of about
three miles in length, and within the Avorks the Army
of the Cumberland took position. McCook's Corps
being placed on the right, the P^ourteenth in the center,
and Crittenden on the left, Granger's Corps in sup-
port. Beatty's Rriga(h' Avas ])laced on the left of Fort
Negley looking south. The three cavalry brigades of
General R B. Mitchell, which, during the 19th and
20th, were on the right of McCook at Crawfish Springs
and along the Chickamauga, and through a misun-
derstanding of an order to report to McCook on the
20th, nevertheless doing valuable service, falling back
slowly at five p. m. of the 20th, on the Chattanooga
Road and bivouacking, spent the 21st, as also Wilder,
on Mission Ridge and in the valley, resisting tlie
advance of the rebels and covering the withdrawal of
the scattered trains, artillery and stragglers, by the
way of roads nearest Lookout. These and also Post's
Brigade of infantry which had not been in the battle,
came in safely on the 22d, though not without consid-
•erable fighting.

CHAPTER XI.

The Siege of Chattanooga.

General Rosecrans, immediately after Iiis airival
from the front on tlie 20tli, rode over tlie around around
Chattanooga, and with the eye of an engineei-, select-
ing tlie points of vantage, set the forces in the town
to work on ritle pits. These and some eartliworks
left by the rebels, formed a partial line of defense by
dawn of the 22d, wliicli was further stroiigth'oueil
duriug tlie day and night by the united labors of the
army under the direction of General St. Clair Mor-
ton, ( 'liief Engineer of the Army of the Cumberland.

The line extended from the river on the north to
the river on the south, in a cr«^sc(Mit-like form of about
three miles in length, and within the works the Army
of the Cumberland took position. McCook's Corps
being placed on the right, the Fourteenth in tlie center,
and Crittenden on the left. Granger's Corps in sup-
port. Beatty's Brigade was placed on the left of Fort
Negley looking south. The three cavalry brigades of
General R. B. Mitchell, which, during the 19th and
20th, were on the right of McCook at Crawfish Springs
and along the Chickamanga, and through a misun-
derstanding of an order to report to McCook on the
20th, nevertheless doing valuable service, falling back
slowly at five p. m. of the 20th, on the Chattanooga
Road and bivouacking, spent the 21st, as also Wilder,
on Mission Ridge and in the valley, resisting the
advance of the rebels and covering the withdrawal of
the scattered trains, artillery and stragglers, by the
way of roads nearest Lookout. These and also Post's
Brigade of infantry which had not been in the battle,
came in safely on the 22d, though not Avithout cousid-
'Grable fiuhting.

IM

THK «>NK III M»UKI» .\N1» FmIUTH

Tin* I'fln'ls d'hl in»i ailvaiKi* in fuiT«' iinii) tin- 'JlM,
wIhmi tlifV lM*;;nii lakiii;; |Misiii«tii fium Missiuii Kiih^r
oil tlu* <*aKt to Loiikotit MiMiiitaiii mi tli<* wrst. sontli-
\\«*si from ( Mi:in:iii«Mt;;a. Imm ilirir lMavi«*st fnirrs wrre
plat »m| in tin* Viillrv «l«is«'l\ rMiifiMiii iii^ our I'iih's tlim*,
rMNrriii;: on iln-ir Irft llaiiU tin* l>as«* uf |.4»okMMt lo
< 'liatlaiMMi;:a <'nH'k. wliirli nrar bv runs into tin* Tiii-
ii«*sK«i'. TlifV als<» (Mrtijiirtl Lookout Mountain on tin*
L'.'M. (our small foni's w iilnliaw in;: iif^ tln*v a|i|Moat|i«*<l)
ami lM-;ian «*r«Miin;i wiuks |Ui|»aratorv to jiianiin;; a
l»att»*rv with wliitli to sjitii iIm- town, ihirr mil«*s dis-
tant, also Moccasin l't»ini. o|(|Misitc an«l across t he river.

The Tciim'sscc tlowin;: lt\ the north side of the
city makes a smhleii cur\e at the uestern extremity
soulhwai'ii, until striking; the base of l.o«»koui it runs
wt'st for a short dislancj*, ami then tlous northward
a^iain, ffuinin;: a )»eninsula of the exact shape of a
moccasin. (oMieral Lou^si rt et was sent to occujty
Lookout N'aliey west of the .Mountain. These disposi-
tions eiialdeil Hra;;^ to cut oiT all communications
hetw'tiMi < Miat lanoo;;a and nridi;«*iKUi hy way of the
ri\er and railroad on which the l(elea;;uered army was
dependent foi* food for mail and beast, ex»ept by the
wa;;on road on the imiih side of the ri\er sixty miles
Ion;;, o\e»- Walden's Kid;:e, ami thence d<»wn the
Se«|uatclii«' \alley to r,iid;;eport . This remlered sii|>-
plies uncertain e\en in ;;oud weather, and as the laiiis
KtMiii set in tin* road be<-ame almost impassable, and,
liioi-eovef, wjis «'.\ posed to raids should r.rat:;:'s ( "axalry
cross the ri\ er.

(>ii the L'L'd Kosccraus' army numiiered .I."..! mil nicu
and he had on hand tifleeii da\s' rations, so the pros-
pect for starvation not far in the future was \<rv
;:ood. Later ( Jeijeral lira;;;; sent word thai he iiiiemjid
to keep our army there until it a|ipre( iated mule meat
and horse flesh. The lirst work of the army was to
make the town impre<;iiable to attack, and workin;;
da\ and ni;;ht this was done in a few days, but elab-
orate f<ii t iticat ions weie planned and carried to rcuii-

pleliiin mole |eisuii-|\. < Ml till- •Jlih <ie!|eral KoS«"-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 155

craTis tclciii'MplKMl the rrcsidciit that Ik* could not be
dislo(l«;ed. Many (liaiiks were due to Hnij;<^ for liav-
iii*»- left some partial defenses when he retreated and
Brajiii' afterward expressed his regret for doing so.
As it appears tli<' rebel coniniander expected Rosecrans
would not attenii»t to hold Chattanooga, and his signal
officers and scouts rei)orted on the 22d, Uod and 24th
that Rosecrans was moving his trains and much
infantry across the Tennessee, which ini]di(Ml retreat.
On the 24th Bragg demonstrated along onr
front and in the skirmishing, which lasted all day,
the One Hundred and Fourth was engaged, Fort Neg-
ley taking a part by shelling the rebels over the heads
of onr troo])s. But it became evident to Bragg very
soon that no retreat was intended and he began for-
tifying his lines with rifle pits and forts across the
valley, and on the slopes of Mission Ridge, there being
no less than two or three lines of rifle pits along the
base of the latter and one on the top with earthworks
for batteries, extending at least three miles. Lookout
Mountain fortified by nature on every hand, was fur-
ther guarded on top by rifle pits along the north and
west sides, and two miles south, by an(>tlier line
extending east and west across the mountain. Large
portions of these as well as those along Mission Ridge
can still be seen. Away up on the northeast side of
Lookout, eighteen hundred feet above the valley below,
are the i)alisades of perpendicular sandstone three hun-
dred feet high, and beneath these the Craven house
and farm of forty acres, the ground sloping off steeply,
but cleared. Here the rebels took great pains to for-
tify the front looking toward Chattanooga, but they
left the back door open toward Lookout Valley, and
through this Hooker afterward walked in while the
One Hundred and Fourth knocked at the front. On
the 26th the enemy attacked our picket lines on the
left early in the morning, but after sharp firing was
driven back. General Rainier received a severe flesh
wound. Under a flag of truce arrangements were made
for the paroling and removal of our wounded from the

lU THE ONK HVNDHEI* AND Kol'RTH

Iu>s|)itiils oil tilt' )ia(ll«'li«-l(l lu ( liaitaiiuo^a, <-.\(t|n a
iiuiuLci* t»f rawK loo si*\<'i<- lo iiciinii <»f il. Mcdual
ortirtTs iiiid siijtplifs hail Imm-ii l«'fl willi tlit'iii wIkmi
iIm* army fell l»ark. 'I'akiii;;^ «arr of iln- iIkmismiuIs i»f
WoUIhUhI taXrd I III- n'solilrrs of (lie Mcliijil ('or|is to

tlu* utmost ami Immii^^ niiahlc to «|iiart<'i- all in Imilil-
iii^s, a lai'p* (cut rapaltlt- of JioMin^r tiftci'ii liiiii<li'f<|,
was tTtMiiMJ. Hospitals \v«m»' csiahlislMMl also at otlu*r
points. I'oit unaU'l.N t\\«» linntli<'<l lialrs of »ot ton wtTo
fonml in tin- town ami nearly t\\<> liiinihr*! nn-n wore
iI('tail<Ml to maUc it up into mat i irssfs, so that in a
f«'W Ways all tlio nnoiuhIcM ha<l tomfortahir ImmIs. If
Hra;;;: hail imt rontcmidatnl altacUin;; it was tln*ii
too lali'. It was rviilciit that mat tors hail sett Inl ilown
to ;i n-^iular sir;;*', in wliirh starvation was to ih* i 1m'
Work that l»ra;;;;'s army couhl not arconiplish. Loiilt-
strrt't hail sii^'^rstcil a movommt norlhwaiil, ho|iiiii;
to iil»li;^f liosrrrans it> n-in-ai. Ion IJra^i; iliil iio(
fa\iir il.

.Mi-antimr tin- iM-sirm-ij army si-iih-il ijnwii in await
••viMits ami with that ailapiahility to rii riimstamcs
whirh rvi'fy sohlicr soon aripiiri's, proiciMh'il to make
itself at home l>y the ronsi rm I iim of i|iiarters from
the (ielnis of houses in the town. Theii' was an alom-
<lam-e of hriek ami rla\ ami these were ulili/ed in the
walls ami <himneys; tin* shelter tents serveil for roofs.
The si rmt iires w ere very small, Imt romfoit aMe. These
tjiiarters «Io|teil the hillsiiles ami \alle\s in iln- town,
ami i-arrieil om* hark to the time when the imlians
oeeiipieil hi-i-e Ncry similar ahoih-s, whirh the early
pioneers tan;;ht I hem to loiilil. It is related by ( Jeneral
Heatty, of two soldiers, that while in their ki'iuiel one
day a rehel shell from Lookout dropped inside, when
one t u riling' to t he ot her said : "Theii', ymi Manked t<nd,
w hat did \ou leaM' t he do(»i- o|ieu for?"

\'ery souii aflei- ^iettin;; seiilcd dow u with no li^ht-
in^' to do in the tield, the ihou^^hts of all and the
ton;;iies of all w ere Imsy in disrnssin;; t he reeent hat t le
and the art ions of .Mr( 'ook, < 'lit tenden and Ne^^ley. Imt
• •-I"' iaih the two foniicr. This was to ln-ar fiuit soon

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. IST

after in the removal of those gentlemeii to await the
slow proceedinjjis of courts of iiiquiiy. As to General
Ivosccraiis he still liad tiic coiifith-uce of the army and
it would have eoutiiiiK'd to fijj^ht under him so ion*;- as
Thomas was his great Lieutenant, for they, consider-
iii*;- the past, looked upon the two as a combination
j)oss(*ssed of all the elements necessary to success.
They saw no reason wliy he should be shelved for one
mistake any more than Grant for P^tsburg Landing,
saved by Buell's army, and superseded by Halleck for
a. time.

Matters in Chattanooga remained comparatively
(|ni<'t until October 5th, when the rebels at one p. m.
ojK'ued with their battery on Lookout and two guns
from Mission Kidge, but the range was too great and
little damage beyond wounding one soldier, foll(>w(*d.

On the Otli in accordance with orders froui the War
Department, the Twentieth and Twenty-hrst Corps
were consolidated and became ^he Fourth Corps with
General Gordon Granger as commander. This retired
McCook and ('ritt(Mi<1en, There was also a new organ-
ization of brigades and divisions consequent on the
consolidation. The One Hundred and Fourth was
assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Four-
teenth Corps, General W. P. Carlin commanding the
lirigade, and Posseau, afterward General P. W. Jolin-
son, the DiA'ision. The other regiments of the Brigade
were the Second, ThirtA^-third and Ninety-fourth Ohio,
the Tenth Wisconsin, the Fifteenth Kentucky, the
Thirty-eighth, Forty-second and Eighty-eighth Indiana,,
nine in all, with an aggregate of 2,072 men, or about
230 to the regiment. In the Department General Peyn-
olds was made Chief of Staff, General W. F. Smith
Chief Engineer, and General Brannan Chief of Artil-
lery. All of these changes had become necessary au<l
were regarded favorably by the army, which realized
that the present inactivity could not continue for any
long period. The rations were daily becoming shorter
and forage for the animals impossible to obtain. They
began dying rapidly, and many were turned loose

IM THK oNK Ml NI'ICI-I' AN1> KlUKTH

aiiitMt;^ tilt* Itills ;iii«l uiiMiiiiaiiis un ihr inti'ih side to
|»irk lip a liviii;i hftt t'Vriit iiallv tt» dir of slow starva-
tion.

Tin* irlu'l (M'iM-ral \\ iu(l« r, having; siu« immUmI in
iToHKiuj; tin* TriiiH'SstM* with a lar^t* ravali'.v foirt* on
UrioiMM- 1st, iiia<l«' a laid on our line uf sii])pl\ to
|{riil;^rlM»it, aiitl at A inl«'i's«>irs ( 'i«»ssioa<ls, drst lovrd
a train «if tliici* liiiiidrtMl wagons Ittadcd with supjdics.
<'«doln«| Mcronk, Jliovili;; ffolll niid;irpolt , uvclltiuk
W'hcfh'i's foi'crs and diM\«* thnii arross th«* \alh\. kill-
in;; soiiif and riM-apt uiiii;: (•i<:;hl lniii<lrrd niiilis and
way;ons. \\'ln'«d«'i\ wln» had tliirc ctdunins, Mni\rd
nrarlv to .Miii-fnM*sln»fo, doin;: iini» h daiiia;:*', Itiii Immii;;
pni'snrd liv all «>iii- ravalrx in \\ hirh In- lusi h<-aivil\ by
ti;;htin;; and dcst-it ions, was ;ilad l<i rsrapr atitiss tin*
'rmiK'ss***' in a disiir;^ani/«'il t-unditiun.

Tin* tiUfstiMn of sii|»|ili<'s fop (he ln-siri^rd was tin*
\ilal on<* and d('iiiaiid<*d inniirdiali' sohition. (i<*in*i'al
ijonki-r had Im-cii sent with lln* lOh'Vcnlh and Twrlfih
< 'oips from tin* Aiiny of tin* I'otoinar to Krid;:»pnri in
ant ii-ipat ittii of iiiov<-in<-nis lo Im* nn*l*'i'lak<-n for tin-
raisin;; *tf t In* si«'i:<*.

nra;:;;'s aini\ iiavinu <oniro| uf iIh- list-i- on iIm*
sonth sidi*. Ktisrcians picpaiod jdans lo dislod;:r him
l»v a iiioN«*iin*nt of Hooker from Hiidi;t'|>ori. snppoiiod
liv foicrs from ( "liattainM»;;a. A siramhoat at tin* lat-
ter |da«<* was repaired and a new one hnilt at Hrid;;e-
|»ori. Toiitoons Were also ronst rncted, all nnder the
snper\ision of (Jeiieial W. I"\ Smith. In the midst of
these prejiarat ions. (Jeiieial IJosecrans was rern*ved
from eommand lt\ \ii'iiie of an or<ler froni iln- I'resi-
delil of (>e1o|H*|- It'tlh. The same o|-der ereated a new
Military h)*partment with <iem*ral <irant as Com-
inanderin-< 'hief. and this new I division im-lnded Ten-
nessee. At the same time (lem-ial Thomas was
iippoinied lo rnminand ihe .\rm\ and hcpari nn-iil of
llie < 'nmlteiland. <ieneral lvost*rrans leavin;: his fare
well order to the ariiiv to he read after he left, started
for <'inrinnali on the e\fnin;x (»f tin* llMh. When the
older- l»etame known there was nnnh re;;ret anion;; the

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 159

soldiers, with whom he had lost none of his popularity.
Had not Genernl Thomas been appointed to succeed
him, there Avouhl have been the greatest dissatisfac-
tion if not open rebellion.

General llosecrans was a ma^ who had many ene-
mies and was often luisty and imperious to his supe-
riors and not s])ariu_t; in his criticisms of them. 1 le liad
while in Mississii)])i, not hesitated to criticise General
Grant, which in time was sure to bear fruit. IJut his
tilne had come, and the greatest strategist of the war
must step down. Time will only increase tlie estimate
of the great services he performed in the most critical
period of the war and cannot lessen his fauie.

General Grant on assuming command, which he
did at once, telegraphed General Thomas to h(dd Chat-
tanooga at all hazards. To this he replied, "We will
hold the town till we starve." The army was then on
quarter rations and it was no uncommon thing to see
soldiers foUoAving the wagons in order to pick up any
grains of corn or bits of hard-tack that might fall out,
while the horses and mules lost so much of their scanty
allowance of three or four ears per day that it became
necessary to guard them while eating. There was an
abundance of oak trees between the town and Mission
Ridg(^ and elsewhere. The rebels Avere in possession
of the greater part of tliis space, their picket lines in
front, but our boys, or some of them, looked with long-
ing at those trees, believing that acorns would prove
an acceptable article of diet and help to fill an empty
void, so many attempts Avere made on dark nights to
get them. Marshall BagAvill, of Company (J, One Hun-
dred and Fourth, thus relates his experience: "While
on picket in front of tow^n and being very hungry, I
located an oak tree during the day near the rebel line,
which I concluded had plenty of acorns on it, and
resolved to get some after dark. When night came I
crawled out, but observing a rebel picket not far from
the tree, was obliged to craAvl around him. This occu-
pied an hour, but I finally succeeded in climbing the
tree and filled my pockets Avith acorns, and they proA^ed

1«0 THE ONE HL'NDKEl) AND FOURTH

lo Im- \i r\ swffi and jjikhI. 1 iheii iviui'iuhI as care-
fiillv as 1 wfiitl" TliiH siinplf lalt* shows tlic j^irat
|irivati*iiis i«i wliuli tin* aniiv had Ihmmi n-diniMl, but
iiuid all ihtTf was a f«*<liii;; that irlit-f woiihl s«m(Ii
■ <»iiu« iiiid ihf uiiiviTsal sfuliiufiil was, starvi- l»ui ii<\( r

'IMu' davs draj;;:td shtwlx mi. I'irin;^ tm i he
I»i« krt liiH's liad rrasrtl liv iiitttiial a;;i«M'iin-iil and tlie
|»irki*ts fiiMjiU'iit Iv iiu't to roiiipai'c iioifs, i*\(han;z^e
li»bairo, n»fT«'«* aiiid iu*wsj»aiH*rs. These iiHM.*liii«j;s «llil
;:ood ralhrr than harm l«> oiii- side. Neither part v weiv
tht'ie ill hostih- ariav l>e«aMse thev hated each oth«*r,
e.\t»'|it ill rare insiaiires, hut beeaiisi' tiiev had an itiea
liiat thev were li;;htin;; for prinriph's and rights. The
war was the inevitahh* ronse(|iM*iiee of the two svsteiiis
of what ue call civilizal ioii, so ahsoluielv antaj^tmistic,
lioui'Ver. in theii* tearliiii;; and ieiideii(i«'s that the
"'tin<:;ile had to rtiiiie, and t InTefoic all, except the most
i;idiral, wfi'e inclined to make it as huniane as pos-
•>iltl<-. oil oiir siilr lo icjiipci- lirmness and zeal wiiii
<!in- loiisideial ioii for ilw masses (»f their enemies,
whom iIm'V toiisideled ;is the tools of a sla Ve-rulill{^
o|i;i;i|-cil\ , uliicli \\;is IIIH- hcvolhl :ill (|Ucslioii. The

wiiitT desires to ohseiNe here as a result that cannot
Im- di-nied, thai the war made the thiIlkin;,^ intelli^^ciit
soldiers of both sections, better, more patriotic and
I uiisi'ivative cili/fiis, and in that view abun' Wiis not
'•iil\ an educator, but a iialional blessing.

'I'lie Uin- Hundred and I'ourlh was moved on the
ir»ih over to the ri\er nearer Lo<»kout, and there-
after did ]»icket duty aloii;; t 'hat taiioo;;a ("reek, the
rebels holdiii;; the south bank. (JeiieiMl Kosecrans
liaxin;: possession of Moccasin Toim had placed s«une
liea\ y ;,'uiis there which fre<pieiilly exi lian;;ed com|»li-
meiiis with the rebel battery on Lookout, but beyond
aiiinsiii;; the boys and relieving; the ^jeneial monoiony.
neither did much damage except to animunit ion.

<ien«-ral <irant arrived on the '2'.U\. and on the 'Jhli.
accompanied b\ <ieneral Thtunas and <ieneral Siiiiili,
mad'- ;i I Ik •lull '.'Ii ii-i iniiioissa inc of t lie Tennessee belt iw

REGIMENT If.LIXOIS VOLUNTEERS. 161

Cbattaiioojuu on the i)1()1>(>s(m1 line of ()])('iati<»ns against
Long-street, for the puri)ose of deterniiiiing uixni tlie
plans already prepared for opening the river and rais-
ing the siege. General (Jrant having approved of all
that was proposed, (reiieral Thomas hastened forward
the enterprise so (piicklv and (|nietly that alniosl Ix'fore
onr army realized what had been done, snccess crowned
his efforts and the blockade of the river was at an end.
That very day, the 24th, General Thomas ordered
Hooker to concentrate the Eleventh Gorps and one
division of the Twelfth (Gieary's) at Bridge])ort, ready
to cross the river and advance toward Lookout Valley.
Hooker was to arrive in the valle}' on the 28th, which
he did. The greatest secrecy and nicety of calculation
for the corresponding movement from Ghattanooga
was necessary, and to General W. F. Smith, who com-
manded the expedition, was also due the credit for all
the details of arrangement. The night of the 20th
was fixed for the movement, and under cover of the
darkness sixteen hnndred i)icked men under General
llazen were embarked on fifty pontoon boats and two
tiats, in companies of twenty-five each and an ofhcer.
General Tnrchin Avith his own brigade, the rest of
Hazen's, and Major M<^ndenhall with three batteries,
went overland across the peninsula to Brown's Ferry,
where the landing was to be made, and remained con-
cealed in the woods, ready to cross when the boat exi)e-
(lition should become established on the southwest
side, or cover it in case of failure. At three a. m. on
the 27th, the boats manned by oarsmen, moved down
the river close to the right bank. The moon was
obscured by clouds, and there was a mist hanging over
the river. It was nine miles around to the place of
landing, seven of which was patroled by rebel pickets
on the left shore, while opposite Moccasin Point, Look-
out frowned down upon them. But the trip was made
in safety, an.d as the first boat arrived, the pickets
fired a A'olle^' and fled. All tlie men then quickly
disembarked and forming in line rushed up the hill,
where, meeting a small force, they dispersed it and

ItJ THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

lic«;an f«»rtifyiii^. Meantiuic, Tiirtliiu's ami llazeu's
iiHMi w«*n* l»rou<;ht ovn- the rivtT in tin* lioais. Tlu'
n*lM'ls having' nM«»v»T«M| from iIhmt sur|ii'is«' hnnijilit
up i'ciiif<in<Mii«Miis of alioiit a tlioiisaii<l iiifii aii*I
attatkiMl, hill wiTr soon ihivfii olT, h»siii;: soim* in kilknl
and rapliii-tMl. Ilaz<'n's h»ss was ihirt.vtM^lht. Our
troops taptiiriMi hfic two tlioiisainl hiislicls of roiii an«l
t\\«Miiv rallh*, whirh was a \«mv iiii|>oriaiit a«hliti«»ii to
thi* foiiiniissarv at that tinu*. In a f«*w hours thi* phice
was nunh* stTiirc a;;ainst attack and the ptuitoon hrid^r
hiid ai-ross th«* rivrr. The si;;nitiraiur of th<* uiovtMueut
did not s«'<'iii to dawn upon the minds of thi' rchcl i-oni-
niandt'rs, as no mor«* atliMiipts w«*i«* mad«' diirin;^ th«'
day to dish»dji«* lla/.^'U, thou;:h the ndnds kept up a
harmh'ss homhardiiKMiT from Lookout on the pontoon
ami I la/.rn's position.

Ilookci-. moving; from |{iidu:''l»«»rt on th»* L*7th,
n-aclH/d tin* virinit.v of Lookout \'alh*v at lhr«M' p. m.
with his head of c*)!^!!!!. TIk'H lirajj:*; and Lon;i;stri*t*t
lH*«;aii to wake uj> to the meaning; «»f the Hrown's Ferry
atta<k, hut too late, as we already had five thousand
men thei-e. I looker advancing east from Wauhatrhie,
enioiinteied the enemy's skirmishers ami driving; them
before him without mmli trouble, w«mh into camp
al)out six. a mile from Brown's I'erry. (Jeary's nivision
bivouacked at \\auliat«hie, three miles distant. The
two forces thus covered the loads to Hrown's and Ktd-
b'v's Fi'rries, whih* llo«»ker threw out a rei:imeiit to
^uard a crossing; of I^iokout t'reek. .\hout iwehe at
ni;:ht Lon^^street advaiiceil with two divisions to make
an atta<k and encitiinleied this re^iimeiit. This «;ave
Hooker lime to form the Kleventh < 'orps (Howard's) in
line. <iearv's IMvision beini; isolated ami sonie three
miles fnuii Howard, was fearful of an attack and had
remained under arms with stioujx pi«kets thi-own out.
Soon aflt'r Lon;istr«*ers forces tlivided into twt» lutdies.
ntta('k<Ml <iearv tiercel \. expecting; to sur|>rise him, but
in this W4're disa)»poini«M|. Hooker, advancini; a part
of Ijiiward's Torits to aid <ieary, struck the rebel «ol-
unite* ami thus tin* b.Mtlc la-jed alon-j the wIimJ.. line.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 163

lasting in front of Geary for two hours. But the rebels
were routed at all points and fell back to the hills in
the valley where they had intrenchments. Howard's
troops pursued, climbing up several hundred feet,
which would have been difficult to do even in da^dight,
and drove the enemy from their works at the point of
the bayonet, capturing over one hundred. The rebels
then withdrew from the valley and "Fighting Joe
Hooker" was in possession. Meantime General Thomas
had sent reinforcements, but they were not needed.
Hooker lost in killed, wounded and missing 437 men,
the enemy 1,500, of which Hooker buried on the field
153 dead rebels. The river was now open and repairs
on the road to Kelley's Ferry began at once. The
steamer Paint Rock passed down on the night of the
29th, and though shelled by the rebel guns on Look-
out, was not harmed. The steamboat at Bridgeport
came up to Kelley's loaded with supplies, which could
be hauled the eight miles to Chattanooga without
trouble. Thus was solved the question of food, and so
easily and quickly that Bragg and Longstreet must
have been struck with amazement as well as shame.
By this brilliant stroke, of which General Thomas saj'S,
^'Preliminary steps had already been taken to execute
this vitally important movement before the command
of the Dei^artment devolved upon me," the force of the
siege was broken, the hold of the enemy upon Lookout
made useless and precarious, while it also must have
warned Bragg that it was only a question of time
when he must fight for the rest of his positions around
Chattanooga.

In the early days of October, Jeff. Davis Avhile visit-
ing Bragg's army and looking down upon the besieged
host, had predicted its speedy destruction by starva-
tion. The announcement of the -failure of his and
Bragg's liopes and plans must have seemed like the
handwriting on the wall, pointing to his own over-
throw.

The effect upon the Army of the Cumberland was
magical. The prospect of having full rations again

IM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

very shortly, tojifetlKM- witli iIm* |trus|uTi ni tlrivin^
Itraijrj; fmiii his riMiiainin^ stroiij:h«»hls, aiid n*viMi«;iiiy;
('hickiiiiuiii;^a, pivi* in«\v vip»r to all. Hut the work
couhl not proriMMl at oiur fur various n*asoiis. Th«*re
wtMr iio horsrs io iirnvr t hr arillliMy, <M*iH'ral Mcijis,
l2tiari«'riiiasii-r-( MMUM-al, «*siiiiia(»Mi that ovi*r 1(>,(MMI ani-
mals had |M*rislMMl iliirin;^^ tin* sit*^«*; tin* few Ifft couhl
hardly dra;: tln'Misrlvrs around. Morr troojjs with sup-
jdics of all kinds s«M'nnM| r«M|uisit<* io render su«-«fss
irriain. llou««\«*r, with a fatality thai seeins wondrr-
ful in virw of his past and rrirni fXin'rit'iircs, (Jcneral
Hrajjy: («»r Pn-sithMit l);ivis) jjraspinj;: at straws, <h»-
tarhiMl l,«»n|,'stn'<t with his corjis a f«*w days aft»'r his
th'frat \n llotd;rr, ami smt liiiii to lM'si<'<;c Knowilh'.
lie did this in rxpertat ion of overwln'lniin<j: Hnrnside,
thinkin;; that he <-oMld hold his lines around ('hatta-
noo;;a in the meantime, ami y;ain a victory that would

revive the failing: eaiise of the Confederacy and the

spirits of his army.

<Jenerals <Jranl ami Thomas, anxious to take ad-
vanta;;e of nra;;;:'s error, prepared to attack on the
Till, hut havin;: made a t horou;:h lei .tiinoissam*' of t lie
enemy's lines herame ron\inced that it would he ini-
prartiralde to do s<» just then, mu- until SherniMii
shoidd arrive with the Fifieeniii Turps, wliidi would
;;lve ( J rant a pre pond era nee of men o\er Uimu^. though
the hitter's position tin Mlssitm liid;:;«* would eipializc
the differeme. I''rom that tim«' forward the si^iis of
hnsy pre|>:iration everywhere within the lines of our
army hctokciied that a hat tie would soon oi( ui.

The ( Mie llun<lrei| and I'ourth. which, iluriii;^ ilu'
sie;ie, had done its share of duty on the skirmish ami
pi<ket lines, was increased somewhat lu-etweeu the 1st
anil 1 1th by the arrival of memliers who had been sick
or wounded, and had returned froiu home or hospitals.
.\mon;: those were Sheiiujin Lelaud ;ind Ser;::eant
(HMir;,^' .Marsh, of Company I >. The latter was (piitc
wvercly woundeil at < 'hickamaii'xa, ami ohli^'ed to uo,
much against his will, to hospital at Nashville. Tuder
the ilatc of Novi'inhei- llih, .Marsh savs: "W •• arc

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 165

camped in the western part of town, and are on a
quarter to three-quarters rations of hard-taclv and fresh
beef only. We have comfortable cabins roofed with
pup tents. Our pickets and the rebels are close together
but very friendly, exchanging surplus articles, of which,
however, there is very little of anything. The enemy's
batter}' on Lookout throws an occasional shell that does
no harm. This is a shabby little town of few houses
and completely covered by our guns and works. There
is no danger of an attack, or rather no ho])e of one."

<ii.\i'ii:k Ml.

The Battles of Lookout Mountain and MlBslon Ridge.

Tin- hisi rliaptrr closed witli the Army of tln' Cmii-
ImtIuihI still hesii'gtil ami on short rations, hut these
' alaiiiiiies ranu* to be repmhMl as incidents of the serv-
ir»' w hirh NNoiihl soon piiss jiway with a rorr(.*spon«l-
iii;: « «im|M'Ms;Mion foi- tlu' siilTfTiiij^s tMiilured. (lent'ial
IJia;;^, iiieai»al>k* of prosecut in|j: olTensive niovenu'Uts
against his enemy, whik* ktM'piny: up the semblance of
a sie<:«', had l>een weakenin^^ his army and looking^
wildly in other direct it>ns for opportunities to achieve
ii success that would aid the Confederate <ause. At
the very moment of j^reatest peril he detathed Huck-
ner's Corps to aid Lony:street, apparently unconscious
of the vasi forces bein^^ arrayetl against him, at least
nt»l sioppin;^ to consider \n hat it all meant, or else *i'\y-
in;; a wrong interpretaticui to the nio\ ciiieiits ;^oiii<; on
almost within view of his lines.

< Jem'ral ( iraiit, keeidy alive to i he op]i«iri imiiy pr«'-
>>eiited for sirikin;: an elTective blow and breaking:;
ihioii;ih the barriers that held the army inactive, ha<l
hurried Sherman forward with the Fifteenth Army
Corps of four divisions from Mississijtpi, and in the
middle of November the leadini: di\isioii of (ieneial
dohn K. Smith reache<l Hiid;.;e|(ort, bin i lie oi her divi-
>ions were far behind owiii;: to ba<l rnjnls and their
immense trains. However, CoMieral Ciaiii ]ilaiined to
illack on the iMst.

Ceneral Sherman rude forward lii>m l»rid;iejtort
• n the I.'ttli liy (Iranl's reipn'st, when, with 'I'lnunas, a
< onference was held, and (Jeiieral Sherman made
ac(|uainted with the pro|»osed plans and the part his
"•WII troojis were expected to perform. Ibietly Statetl,
<!eliel;ll Slie|-||i;ill \\;is In lll(i\e lii^; fiilir tli\isiii||S frmii

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 167

Brown's Ferry up the north side of the river to a p(»iut
opposite the mouth of South Chickamau^a Creek, where
he was to cross on a pontoon bridge to be laid down
by General Smith, and assail Bragofs right, which was
siipp<;»sed to occupy the noith end of Mission Ridge.
At the same time. General Hooker was to operate on
the enemy's left from Lo«»kout Valley, It being ex-
jjected that Bragg would draw from his center on the
ridge to strengthen his flanks, General Thomas with
the forces under his command was to advance in con-
formity with Sherman's movements and attack in front,
but it seems to have been TJeneral Grant's idea that
(reneral Sherman's troops would have to do the heavy
fighting, and what the latter has written in his
"Memoirs," Vol. I, p. 362. shows that he derived sucli
an impression from Grant. He reports him as saying,
•that the men of Thomas' army had been so demoralize<l
by the battle of Chickamauga that he feared they
could not be got out of their trenches to a.ssume the
offensive." Again. "The Army of the Cumberland had
been so long in the trenches that he wante<l my troops
to hurry up and take the offensive first! after which
he had no doubt the Cumberland Army would fight
well."'

General Sherman was fi*ank, f<Mdish and vain
enough t«» embo«ly the foregoing in the form of history,
and which in the light of what he actually did and did
not do, had better have been omitted in deference to
his own fame, the truth of history, and justice to the
herc>es of Chickamauga, dead and living. But as events
developed on the eve of action. General Grant modified
his pre-arranged plan at least twice on the suggestion
of <.Teneral Thomas, but the latters p»rop<:»sal to move
General Sherman's divisions through Chattanfxjga and
up the south bank of the Tennessee to the north end
of Mission Ridge, a plan that was practicable, ea.sy,
and could be executed in the night time, was not
adop»ted. The wisdom of General Thomas' advice ^vas
shown when Sherman, after spen«iing much time and
labor, crossed over frc»m the north bank, and having

I«« THE ONE HrNOREH AND FOl'RTH

lnMoiiM- «'st;il»lislu*t|, iuit willi in* rin'iii\ in siliIiI loi-
two and « luilf niih's, was nn-t by (mmhtjiI llowai.l w iih
tliriM* n-;:iin«'nts wliirli ho lunl nianlnMl up ili«- s<nnli
Itank rally *in lli«- LMlli: lln'sr In- Irfl Ml (Jnirnil SImt-
nian's rr<|u«*si and iImmi uiili his rscuri ii'j<tiiHMl iht»
main i-nninianil.

On lh«' isth <irncral <Iiaui aiiii<Min« .il in liis (nm.
inainhM-s thai ihr allark wiMihl h«' iiiaWt- on ih«* L'lsl,
iunl |n«*|»aial<>i\ lo ihis, <i<*in'ral Thuinas •linM(«Ml
llowanl's Corjis to takr iiosiliMn hrtwtM-n hruwn's
l''«*rrv and ( 'hattanoM-ia. !•» hr prphni'd in Li»okoiit
\'alh*y by lh«' bii;,Md«*s of Whiilakn- and <',|ns«*. lb*
also sfiit (b'ln-ial Davis' ni\ision and <'tdonci Lun^i's
Tavab-y !<• ihf nui-ih bank of ih«' livt-r to ro-o|M'ial«'
in Shfiinan's inoMMiKiii.

On the LMMh tirnnal Iba^^ had noiiii«'d (M-in-ral
< liani by a thi;; of t rare l hat it wouhl br well lo icniovr
all ii«»n-«oiid»aiants fioni the town. Ib-avy rains srt-
tinj; in and (ontinniii;:, prcvcntrd Shcnnan's divisions
from ;:«'tlin;i np, so that no attack was niadi- on lin*
L'lst or L'lM. Oriirral 'riioiiias then suuLirsicd that
Howard's ( "orps should be used by riciifial Slu-rnian,
and Ostrrhans' I)i\ision. if behind, be tnriicd t»\cr to
llook<*r for an attat k on Lookout .Mountain. (Inn'ral
Orant adoph-d ihc sn;;:^«'st ions. .\rtoidin;:iy. Ilow-
ard's ('orjis nio\«'d thron;:h < "hat taiiooi^a on tin* L'.'M,
and look |>osiiion iumi* I'ort Wood in plain siiiht of
Mission Kid;:t' with I In- ohjcct of d<T»-i\ iii;i r»iai:i: as
to SlnMinan's niovrnifiiis. and also to ha\«' tin* < "orps
within sujtportin;; distancr of Shrinian. <i«'n«*rals
Oram and Thomas wn*' fearful that Hrauu wouhl
throw lip tin- sir;:f and rscaiM* without a batth* ami
bi'raim* anxious to attat k, whirh it was xny desirabh*
lo do whih* LoiiustiMM't and Ibn kiicr were away. (Jni-
«'ral Oiiaiit was also romrrm-d about Ibirnsidr, who
was riosi'ly lM*sir;i<'d at Kiiox\ilh>. lb- rrsolvrd not
to driax lon;:cr. As an initial mo\cm<ni, a rcconiiois-
Haiirr in fon-c wjis ordcii'd about noon to b«* mad** from
tin* ri'iitrr bv Wood's and Shnidiin's hixisions a;:ainst
till* rrbi'l adxam-rd liiK's w hich o<( npird int r«>m himnis

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 169

ou a liij^h ridge 2,100 yards east of Fort Wood. The
center of this line was ()reliar<l Knob, a rocky hill one
hnndred feet high, where the rebels had an cpanlenient
for a battery. From the Knob their ritle pits extended
northeast toward Mission Kidge for a mile and a half,
where was another line two miles long. From the
Kn(>b south there was a low ridge extending half a
mile which was fortilied with rude works. All of
these were occupied by tlie rebel outposts. One mile
beyond lay Mission Kidge, the rebel stronghold, on
the brow of which Kragg's main army, supported by
nearly one hundred pieces of artillery, were ready to
deal death and destruction. To General Thomas J.
Wood and his division was given the honor of making
the first attack that was to usher in two great battles
By 1:30 p. ni. of the 23d the three brigades of
Willich, Hazen and General Sam. Beatty were in line;
on their right rear, Sheridan's Divishm; in support of
these en masse Howard's Corps. To the right of Sher-
idan, l^aird, while -Johnson's Division, under arms,
awaited events. As these thousands thus formed in
serried ranks on the slopes and plain in front of Fort
Wood under the eyes of their great Commanders, Grant
and Thomas, the sun of a perfect day shining down
upon the starry flags and gleaming bayonets of the
embattled array, produced a spectacle of military
grandeur which it seldom falls to the lot of man to
behold. From the cloud-capped summit of Lookout,
on the heights of Mission Kidge, and within the Union
lines, more than one hundred thousand men were
watching the grand pageant. The rebel hosts looking
on in wonder and amazement mistook it for a review.
At the sound of the bugle Wood's veterans advanced
in perfect alignment across the plain, which for a quar-
ter of a mile was clear, but beyond thinly wooded. Not
a man straggled in all that long line as it moved swiftly
forward and brushed away the rebel pickets in the edge
of the woods. Willich's Brigade marched straight for
Orchard Knob, Ifazen charged the intrenchments to
the right, which were on a rock^' ridge, and met with

170 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

niiirli •»p|Misilioii. but larritMl tlit- wlmli- line with a
ruKh at tiir jMiiiii of the UayoiuM, tajit iiiiii^ iln- '1'\v«mi-
ty-«*ij:hlh Alatiaiiia fiiiin* with its lohn-s. llazrii h>st
ill kilh'tl l!2, woiiihUmI 1(K». whirh sh«»ws th«* rhannttT
of i\n' ti;:htiii;:. NN'illirh losi I kilh-<l and JO w<»mi(l»Ml.
The casualties woiiM have Immmi j^rrah-r hat! ihi- attack
been Utw rterei* aii<l impetuous. 'Vhr rebels who
esoayuMl th^l to tht- ti<iirhes at the base of Mission
Ki«lp'. Itraltv's Itri^ade on thr h'ft had litth' l«> do.
tJeiieral Thomas thi-n din-rtrd Wo. id to f.uiify, \vhi<h
he did un«hT a heavy artilh ry lin- from the rebel bat-
teries (Ml the rid;:e, but <>idy one man was sli;;htly
woundfd, stian<«'«* as it may sfcni. Shtiiilan's division,
jidvanrin;: to tin- ri;:ht on tin* iirolon;:at icui of the
(►rehaiil Knob ran<;e to what is miw the National ('em-
eiery, met with little resislanee. and als<» foitifi«M|.
Howard's ('oi|is movin;; to the h*ft and nortlhast of
nrchanl Knob drovr back the rebel pickets and skir-
mishers in the Hat wootled plaiti ah»n^ the headwaters
of t'itico TnH'k, there a mere brooklet, ami established
his lines. There were im lar^e forces of the em'iny to
itppose, and thus the moM'nients of the day ended in
succ«*ss and the attainment of most advanta^<'ons posi-
tions f«ir further operations, one mile in advance of
l-'ort Wood Mild about the same distance fiom the base
of .Missiiui Ivid^e, whose heiuditfi from four hundred
to fi\e hiiiidreil fei'i hJi^h must be stormed, (ieueral
<iran;:er. commanding the I'ourth ( 'orps, received an
• •rder after dark to have ev^Tythin^ rejM'.v for furtlu-r
offensive operations <ui the lilt h. .\s afterward known,
lira;:;: then re«alled a part of r,u< kner's (Vups. The
One Hundred and I'oiirth which, duriiiLi the da\ and
ni;;lil had, with the nri;:ade, remained umler arms, was
to take a ci»ns]iicuiuis part in tlu' two approachini: bat-
tles.

The niornin;: of the L'lih o|)ened with a slight rain,
which linally ceased. <ieneial <Irant*s army of T<'(JMM>
men was astir early and jueparin;; for battle. The
lo|t nf Lookout was Veiled in clouds when (Jeueral
Hook<M', under orders from <Jeneral Tluunas, mar-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 171

shaled his command of 9,681 men for the assault. He
had portions of the Arm}- of the Potomac, of tlie Ten-
nessee and of the Ciimberhind, all strangers to each
other, but nevertheless animated by one common
impulse, and if any further incentive was needed to
deeds of bravery, it was furnished by the very grandeur
of the battlefield.

Geary's Division, supported by Whittaker's Brigade,
proceeding up Lookout Creek, crossed near Wauhat-
chie at eight, capturing the pickets, forty-two in num.
ber. They then moved on down the right bank driving
all before them and began ascending the mountain.
By eleven AA'ood's and Grose'sBrigades having crossed
Lookout Creek, aligning themselves with Geary's left,
moved forward amid the firing of artillery from several
batteries M'hich Hooker had placed on some hills; these
raked the enemy severely in their trenches and breast-
works, and trying to escape they ran into the infantry
and were killed or captured. There were portions of sev-
eral rebel brigades represented there. The rest of Oster-
haus' command now came up on the left, and the whole
line, extnding from the palisades to the valley swept
forward regardless of all obstacles natural and artifi-
cial, and the former were of the most stupendous charac-
ter, until about twelve, the right had gained the crest of
the slope on the north end of Lookout and immedi-
ately beneath the muzzles of the rebel battery on the
point, or coronal of the mountain. Clouds hung over
all, and amidst these the fighting was done. The atten-
tion of both armies all along the eight or ten miles of
battle front had been earnestly fixed on Lookout since
early morning, and the result was awaited w^ith anxiety.
The sound of musketry mingled with the hoarse, sol-
emn boom of Hooker's guns and the artillery on Moc-
casin Point, approaching nearer through the murky
clouds, announced success. Soon the lines of blue and
the starry banners appeared on the lofty heights, mov-
ing slowly to victory around the point. Before them in
retreat was the line of gray. Orders to halt and re-form

17:' THE ONE Hl'NDHED AND FOURTH

Wfi-e «lisivjrai-«ltMl. TIk* ivbfls wwv «»ii ili»* rim -i»aiiic
sirirkfu. Our H-Mups IImsIhmI with siuci'ss ami spuiTcd
on no lfs.s l»v ilu* iiisipratiuii bn-alluMl iii in ilu'fir souls
fixun the );ran(li*8t arena of conllit-t known to American
hisjoiv, than l»v tin* tIhmm-s and shouts of wait in;;; thou-
samls on Ihf |>lain lM>h)\\, rushed forwanl to hurl the
«Mn*iu\ from their main snon;:hohl, rraviMi's farm.
Th«'ir elahoi-ate works were for them a slau^hti*r \n'\i,
llookrr's men |>our«Ml into these a «lestru«tive lire from
al>o\»'. Tlu'V had Ihmmi rt'inforerd and atn'mjiird
rounh'r nio\«'un'nis liut ihrsfoidy resulted in j;r«'airr
d«'f«*at anil ihrv were driven from the plateau around
Craven's in wihl <lisorder «»ver the rocks and precipites.
About » p. m. tin- fij^htin;: was over and further opera-
lions susptiidt'd ouin;: l" 'he rh»uds and dai'kucss on
the mountain. TIm' I w o ic^iiiut'iHs of ( )sH'rhaus' on l he
left ad\ anting' ahui^^ tlu- I'oad reachrd the valh'v and
opriifd i-ouiiiiunirai loll with oui* lines across ('hatla-
noo^^a < 'reek. Hooker was iheu tirmlv estaldished from
the latter poinl to the {talisades. lie had fou<:hl num-
bers e«|ual lo his own over ground that seemed almost
impassable. His |irisoners amounted to l',(M)II or more.
.Many arms were captured.

The ( >ne llumlerd and I'nnrtii with liie rest of
<'ai"lin's bri;;ade was t>r<lere<l ai L' p. ni. to leiiiliuie
Hoi»ker. ( 'rossin^ That tanoui^a < leek at tliebuiiii tail
io;id brid;:e they bej^aii rlinihiu^ ihe mountain on t he
old .laeksou t rail. < ieiieial Hooker awaited t heir arrival
and the ( Mie Hundred and I'ourth was oi-dered to take
position mi-ouikI the <'ra\en house and Imiii. The
Ke;:iment was disposed for al tack oi- defense by < 'ulunel
Hapenian. I'p to li p. m. of the ll."it h, considerable
tiling was done, the lasualties of the entire ltri;;ade
bein;; ll! killed and L' 1 wounded, but our lines rould not
be dislodged and after that inai teis w eie (|iiiei but the
utmost vi;;ilance was preserved until dayli;^lit. The
camp lires on the mountain slopes wfre a Joyful si;:ht
t«» the army in the \ alley, but how depi-essiiiL: uiusi hav«'
been their efTett on that cold ni'J^ht to the lleeiuir

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 173

soldiers of Bragg who spent the entire time in retreat-
ing from Lookout and marching to Bragg's riglit and
center on Mission liidgc.

The '^Battle above the ch)nds" liad been tlie great
event of the da^' and little had been done elsewhere
except on the left. General Sherman had spent part of
the night of the 23d, in crossing one brigade on tlie
pontoons over the Tennessee and by daylight had one
division across and a ritle trench thrown np. Tln^ bridge
was then laid nnder tlie direction of General Smith
and completed by 11 o'clock. Two other divisions then
marched over and were followed by a fonrth, (General
Davis,) of the Fonrteenth Gor])s. General Howai-d with
Bnschbeck's brigade of Steinwehr's division had pre-
viously arrived by marching np the right bank.

At 1 p. m. General Sherman's army began the
advance toward Mission Kidge, General Morgan L.
Smith's division on the left, General John E. Smith's
in the center, General Ewing's with Bnschbeck's bri-
gade attached, on the right, all moving en echelon.
They advanced abont two and a half miles to tlie base
and ascending cantionsly seized the top of a hill near
the tnnnel, when for the first time there was a show of
opposition. Skirmishing and one or two small attacks
followed abont 4, but the position was held and forti-
fi<Ml. It Avas now developiMl that Mission Ridge was not
one continnons, nnbroken line, bnt furrowed by depres-
sions into distinct snmmits. Throngh one of these
depressions ran the railroad tnnnel; on a high hill above
it on the north the rebel forces were placed behind
earthworks. These mnst be swept away before Sher-
man conld reach the tnnnel or advance fnrther sonth-
ward as his orders had contemplated. General Grant
had the impression that the Bidge had been carried to
the tnnnel. Dnring the night (xeneral Sherman was
instrncted "to attack at dawn."

On the morning of the 25th, a heavy fog hanging over
the valley prevented early movements, bnt every prepa-
ration was made for the final straggle. Very early some
soldiers of the Eighth Kentucky climbed to the topmost

IT4 THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

piiiiiailf of l^>ukuut aiitl disfovtMvW thai tin- »ii(*mv
had y:nin'. Th«* siiii rising u\iM' .Mission kissftl with its
lirst nivs thr Naiioiial Fhij;, wiiicli uiifoldino lo ilie
br»H'Zi' l.*,100 f«fi above the valley i*ev«*ah*il to frieud
and fo«« alikr, Hooker's victoi'.v. I'lidei- orders from
Thoiiias, Hooker |»re]iai'ed to int»ve ai r«»ss ( 'haiiaiiooj;a
N'alh'V to Kossvilh', from wheiire to strikr nra;^^«:'s U*ft
oil tin* rid^«'. <>\vin;4 t" heavy fon^s in the valley anil
delay at < 'hallanooH^a Creek to l>niltl a l»rid;;e, lli»oker
did not start until Id. The nn«- llnndred and Fonrth
movril down the nionntain with the rest of ihr hri^Mde
alMMit !> a. m., and re-«rossin^ the creek marrhcd a<-r«)ss
the valley and r«*joined theSeroml Hri^a<le «>f .lt)iinson\s
IMvision, forming; on its ri«,dit for the jrrand assatilt to
!••• made on Mission Kid;;e.

Tin* entire irhel army was now coiniMHiahMl on
Hra;:;:'s last line of defense, exlendin«:: from Kossvilh*
to Tnnnel Hill in fnmt of Sherman, a distance of six
miles, hnt in heaviest force in the c«'nler, which was
• onfionn-d l»y the Army of the rnmherland. (leiit-ral
Hardee uas in immediate commami <»n the rebel ri;^ht,
(leneral Ureckinridjre on ihe left. The divisions of
Stevenson and Cheatham, or what remained of ihem
after leaving; Lookout, \\«'re mo\ ini; to the liiihi.

The ;:rand strn^'j^le was opened at early dawn by
Sherman and lasted tin* entire day without his bein;,^
able to drive the rebels from their very stronjr positi«Mis
lhou;:li his troops i hat wer<« en^a;:ed «lid sideiidid li^ilil-
in;:. I' be«ame evident to (Jeiierai (iiant about Id a.
m.. that Sherman was makin;: no pi-o^^ress and would
be unable, thou;:h bavin;; then live divisions on the line
or within reach, to drive the rebel ri;:ht as he had «itn-
lemphited. he therefore sent Howard's Corps to Sher-
man who jdaced it on his left, ami renewed the attack,
l»nt met with a rejuilse to the bri;:a«les t»f (ieneral
John I'. Smith, which, howe\ei-, was met by a counter
«har;:e and the enemy driven to co\er by the bri;:ades
of Coi'se and I.onuiis. Ceneral (Irant learnin;; of t his,
then sent Haird's di\ision of the I'ourteenth ( 'orps to
lilH aKKistaiice, thus ;:iviii;; to Sherman ^cm-u of ihc

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 175

thirteen divisions of his army, and niakin<>- it ]»hiin that
at that hour, noon, he still adhered to his <)ri<;inal plan
of havinj'' Siiernian do the main lighting while the rest
of the army acted in sui)port or as the emergencies of
the battle should dictate. General Baird on arriving in
Sherman's rear was informed that he could not be used
and was not needed, so he countermarched to the left
of Wood and formed in line there by half past two.

The impression seems to have prevailed in the army
and with Grant and Sherman, that the latter was light-
ing immense numbers and heavy reinforcements sent
from Bragg's center on the ridge. Sherman in his report
and ^'Memoirs," Vol. I., p. 377, says in speakiui-' cd' mat-
ters as they stood at 3 p. m. : "Column after column
was streaming toward me; gun after gun poured its
concentric shot on us from every hill and spur that
gave a view of any part of the ground held by us."
Grant in his "Memoirs" says: "From the position I oc-
cupied, I could see column after column of Bragg's
forces moving against Sherman." Also, in his report:
"Discovering that the enemy in his desperation to de-
feat or resist the progress of Sherman, was weakening
his center on Mission Ridge, determined me to order
the advance (of Thomas) at once."

A study of all the reports of the Confederate Gen-
erals, (vide Rebellion Records) shows that there was
no weakening of Bragg's center at all in front of
Thomas. The soldiers seen "streaming along the ridge"
did not belong to the center. Neither was any artillery
taken from the center. These reports state exactly
what forces were on the right and those sent to rein-
force them. About 2 j). m. of the 24th, General Bragg
having learned that Sherman was then approaching
the ridge, at once sent General Cleburne with the three
brigades of Smith, Lowre}', and Govan, from his posi-
tion one and a quarter miles south of the tunnel, to
oppose him. He also had three batteries. These troops
seized and occupied the ridge, or hills, which Sherman's
men fought so hard to take that afternoon and nearly
all of the following day, but without success. During

1T« THK ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

thf iii«;:li! (McbiiriK' fortiiifil. Ai sumis.- of tlio 2.">ih,
In* was rriiifuirtMl \t\ Un»\\ n's Hri^adc nl SirMMiPMn's
division, ami ai 1» l»v ('miiiiiiii^is' Hiif^adf. riici*- \\fi«'
iiM aiMiiiuiial fMii^-s snii lo < IctMiriii* until alMtui L' p. m..
wIh'Ii .Maiirv's Hri;:a«l«* of Walkrr's Division, which lav
tliriM' <|nartfi*s «»f a niih* soulh of tin- tnnnrl. n\n\ oii.«
small i«'i;im«"in of St<'\«'nson's l>ivisi«in, wnr s«'nl to
iIh- ri;;ln. 'I'ln* a;:;;r(*;ialr of all these foiees opposeil
to Sherman's six divisions We (jo not know, luii it coiihl
not havt'hjM'ii laf«re. ami it thus appeals t hat theie was
an optical illusion ami lai'^^e imagination in the mimis
of (ii'ani aiKJ Sheiiiian alioiit the immense nnmlieis
"St leamiii^ aloii^ .Mission IJitl;:e toward Shetiiian."
These ai-e histoiical facts ami fof i his reason t he w litei-
has de\otei| etHisideialde lime to the subject fof the
|»ui*pose of jdacinj; them on lecofd as a tfue ex|>osititni
of matteis ahoiit which all the cuii-ent histoi-ies have
been misleadin;:. l>min;,^all t he li;;hiin«r by Shefinan's
troops, which was se\ere, relle<tiii^ the hij^hest credit
on his soldiers, (leiieial ha vis' IM\ision of 7, (MM! men
and all of lloward'.'* l»i\ision, excejit one luii^atle, w«*re
n</t in action and the reasons therefor have never l)een
jxiveii. ricneial SlnMinairs loss was !.*."»(> killed. l.'UO
wounded, and ."M 7 missing, (leiieral ( 'lehtirne'^ loss,
except in Maney's Hriua'le, was .">!» killed, .'l-'U wounded,
and .■>(> missini;. I le also claims to have capl ui ed eiirhi
stamis of colofs ami 'M\{\ jirison«'rs.

I?etw»'eii IL* and 1 p. m., <ieneral Sherman liasiii;::
failed to do the w»u'k intended for him, sent to ask
tirant, "Where is Thomas?" It is needless to say that
the "|{ock of Chickamau^'a" was cpiietly waitinj; for
< leiieral < Irani io order his adxanci-. Hot h were look-
ing' for Hooker's fold's to sweep Up <Ul the rebel left
from I{oss\ ille, before Tluuuas should be^in the assault
on the cent<M-, but the time was drawing' very near.
Hooker had been delaved three hours to build a brid;:e
and did not reach Ivossville until about L' in the after-
noon, when he immediately attacked the rebel forces
on the rid;:e under Stewart, drivini; them bebtie him
in rout, (Kterhaus' division alone capiurini: J.OIK)

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 177

prisoners. Hooker jilso (•a])tnred many arms, artillery,
and supplies of all kinds at ilossville. lie then moved
on north toward Thomas, killing, wonnding, or driving
the enemy at all points where they o])posed, nutil he
reached CarlinV and Ila])emairs ])osition.

The afternoon of the short November day was wear-
ing away. It having become evident to (ieneral Urant
that Sherman could not advance further, and Hooker
not having appeared, he decided that the time had
come to attack in the center, and ordered Tluniias
to begin the assault at the sound of six suc-
<,-essive cannon shots from Orchard Knob. The divisions
of Baird, Wood, Sheridan and Johnson, the latter con-
sisting of the First and Second lirigades only, were
formed in the order named from left to right, having
a battle front of two and a half miles. By brigades
they were arranged as follows from right to left: Car-
lin's and Stoughton's of Johnson's division; Sherman's,
Harker's, and Wagner's, of Sheridan's; Hazen's, Wil-
lich's, and General Sam, Beatty's of Wood's; Turchin's,
Vanderveer's, and Phelps' of Baird's. This line con-
formed to the alignment of W^ood's and Sheridan's
divisions, which on the 23d had occui)ied the first line
of rebel works in the plain between Fort ^Vood and the
ridge. Strong lines of skirmishers were thrown out
and there were reserves in the rear. The signal was to
be given at 3 p. m., but delays occurring, it was half
past when the sullen boom of cannon repeated six times,
stretched the nerves of that mighty force of 20,000
men to their utmost tension. Springing forward, the
long lines of burnished arms, and the 150 standards
waving over the lines of blue, were borne forward. One
mile in advance were the heights fiA^e hundred feet
high, defended by a desperate foe equal to or superior
in numbers, and armed with every modern implement
of destruction. As the line advanced sixteen batteries
poured down on them their murderous contents. Not
a man wavered, only the killed and wounded were left
behind. General Grant's order to Thomas'had directed
him to take the rifle pits at the base of the ridge, and.

178 THE ONK HUNDKED AND FOURTH

(|Ui>iiii>: from his ifpori. "Wlifii rarritMl tti iv-fomi UIh
liiH'S «iu iIr* rillr )ti(s with :i y'ww !o (jinviuii ihc i»»]>
of ihf rill;:**."

Thf t Mif IhiihlnMl ami I'oiiiMh. (of ( 'arlin's Itii^ailfi
which fMi-iiuMl thf rxiifiiif rij^hl of iln* assaulting
mliimns, and rommaiKhHl by (Vtloiu'l Ilapcmaii, iikivimI
forwanl with tin* n-st of tin* lim* at tin* si^^aal liom
Oirhaitl Km»i». (Mi i«'a«hiiiy; an (>|mmi clcaird tit*hl
iH'Vonil tin* timlx'i', all picssnl forward ami »ai>lnird
thf lirst linr of works, tin* ri*b«ds in tln-m swarming
out and np tin* hill lik«' ho many lu'fs. For the last
half milr tin* lv«'j.dnn'nt was snhjrrti'd to a f«'rriti«- lir«*
of ariillriy and mnsk«'try, dnrin;: whirh LitMiirnani
Koss, and S«*r;;fant I*. Talln»t, both of ('«»mpany It, wt*r»*
badly uoundrd by a pi«M«' of slndl; also liN»' otln-rs of
onr bra\»' boys wnr shot down by one volh*y, Itni
I hf lit'uinitnt had cxrcntrd tin* order of < MMn*ral < Iiani
ami stopped to rest as well as it cttnltl, nmler a murdcr-
oiis tire frt»ni above. Noi |itM;:di<i i lit- im-n r«*niain in the
«aptnred tren«hes, bnl (•har;^ed on up the ri«l;;e from
one lim* to another until tliey«stood viitoriotis on th«'
summit. (Jem-ral t'arlin says in his r»*i»ort (Keb. Ker.,
\ol.;;i, I't. '2, \t. U\4): "In front of the left of my bri-^ade
was a rille pit about half \\;iy u|» the ri«l«:e which was
occU|»ied b.\ the enemy. After a few \ollevs they Were
<lri\en frtun it and it was occu|>ie(l by the Forty-second
Indiana, t )ne Hundred and Fourth Illim»is, and Fi;:hly-
eifihth Indiami. Tin stanlif tdlur nf tinst r((/iin(itts final-
Iff (Iron (hi niciin/ fnnii tin riiUjt when my uliolc tiin ml-
niiirril to till siininiil." (The itali<s are t he writer's.)

Then* had been nttwhere on that hui^' line any lial(
oi- hesitation tint il the rille pi is ai i he base of the ridj:e

w er cupied, which was done nearly simultaneously

by theei^rhtyiiine re;;iments at six dilTereiit points. The
lebels on the rid^e had depresseil the mu/./les of their
cannon, and where possible, were deliverin;; an enlilad-
inj: fire. This with their musketry was tellinjx ra])idly
on our ranks in the rille pits below, Stun<x to madness,
knowin;:thal it wmdd bede.ith lo stay t here; scoruiiiLT
retn*at; and in--piied bv one couiniou impulse, iliei-e

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 179

was suddenly aii involuntary movenient begun along
the entire front, up the ridge, which was very steep
and covered with obstructions and small loose*^ stones
making the footing insecure. In from twenty minutes
to half an hour, the Army of the Cumberland stood
victorious on the heights. It was nearly 5 p. m., and
Sherman still pounded away at the rebel right holding
his positions of the morning, until darkness coming on,
Hardee and Cleburne withdrew their gallant soldiers
safely beyond the Chickamauga.

The ridge having been carried and cleared in front.
General Baird wheeling his troops to the left and leav-
ing ten or twelve i)ieces of the captured artillery to be
gathered in by others, moved north along the crest,
routing the division of Anderson, but was not so fortu-
nate when he came in contact with troops sent by
Hardee from the right in front of Sherman. Here a
desperate fight ensued which only ended by night
coming on, when the enemy withdrew. General Sheri-
dan and one of Wood's brigades, pursued the enemy
down the east slopes of the ridge a short distance,
capturing prisoners and artillery, but it was too late
for successful pursuit. The heavy fighting was oyer
and the army went into bivouac on the ground it had
won, and built its camp fires from mountain to valley.
General Grant, mindful of Sherman, thus wrote him
at the close of the battle: ''No doubt you witnessed
the splendid manner in which Thomas' troops carried
>\[ission Ridge this afternoon, and can feel a just
pride too, in the part taken by the forces under your
command in taking first, so much of the same range
of hills, and then in attracting the attention of so
many of the enemy as to make Thomas' part certain
of success." In view of the fact that Sherman attained
the position he occupied with "no loss," as he says, and
was opposed by very small forces as has been shown
from official and undoubted authority, the sympathy of
General Grant was timely.

There is evidence to show that General Grant had
not determined when the Armv of the Cumberland

IW THE ONE HUNDKElJ AND FOl'RTH

Klartftl for tin- litlp*, whether In nidt-r I Imiii i.» ^.> lo dn'
lop or in»!. It is ]iroli;ilile from w hal he <liil orMer ami
from his o\\ ii wonis hereltifore tjuoied from liis report,
that he hoptnl the iiioveiiieiit to the bjise of I lie liilj^e
woiihl so (lisinirl Mra*:^ t hat he wouhl rail haick eiiou«:h
tn»ops from the ri;:ht to eiiahh* Sh«Minaii lo siuceed
there ill hreakill^ (he rebel lilies, aihl to atlvaiii-e soiltll

lo\\ar»l Tiiomas. 'I'liis view >\oul«l seem t«» be the true
one iifti'r heariii;: what (leneral .F. S. Fullerton, Ad-
jutant (oMieral ami Chief of SialT, «»f the I'onith Army
Corps, savs upon t he subjtM i. lie was on ( Mrhaitl Kiiob
at the time and heard what he tells:

"As soon as this movement nip the rid^^ei was si»en
fnun Hrrhard Knob, tirant turned (|ui<-kly to 'riiomas,
who s'ood by his side, and I heard him say angrily,
''riioiiias, who ordered iliosi- men iiji the rid^e?'
Thomas replied in liis usual ipiiei manner: '1 don't
know, 1 did iioi.* Then addiessin;^ (Jeiieial <iordoii
<irani:er, he said, 'Did ytui iU-tler them up. • Iiaii;;*'!?'
*No.' said <ii-aii;,'er. *Tln'y started up without
• •rdfis; when those fellows t:;t'l stalled all hell raniiot
Ktop ilii-iii/ <i)-ii«-r;il ttiant said something io the
efTeri thai somebody Would sulTer if it did iioi lurn
out w«'ll. and iIumi nirnin^, stoically watched the ridiie,
III* ;;ave no further orders."

To show full\ and furihei- the iiiosi honorable and
;;|orious part borne by the < Mie Hundred and ^^Mlrth
in the battles around < 'hatlaiioo^xa, the writer will in-
tro«luce hell' several iiariatiNes i>f its un'iiibeis which
jfi%*c» truthful and \i\id pidures of wluii each saw an<l
eXpeliem ed.

<ieor;:e Marsh. I'ii».i Scii:caiii ot tompaiiy !>. says:
'*\\'«' then descended Lookout and prepared to assault
Mission Kidj^e, w hich is four or lixc miles hmi: ami live
huiulred feet liii^ii. \\ c formed |tail of an imim'iise Iiii(>
«»f batt |e in some w oods at A: l."» p. m., w hen our < leiieial
Carlin said to us: 'Itoys. I diuTt want you to stop until
\\v reaicli the top of that hill. I'oiwardl' There was
a mile or so of open llat i^round to cross, where the
rebels slu'lled Us lu-avily, and where Lieutenant Koss

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. iSl

and Sorjivaiit Tallx)! wciv severely wonndcd by a shell.
But they i>eneially overshot us and the shells burst in
our rear. (Jeneral Carlin rode his horse to the foot of
tlH' ridij-e and then let him loose and scrambled up
with the rest of us. At their breastworks half way up
some of the rebels snrrendere<l and others ran to the
toj). At this point Lieutenant Orrin S. Davidson of
('onii)any H was mortally wounded. lie said, '(to on,
b<\vs, and take the hill and atteiul to me afterward.'
lie was very ])ale. We then made a ^rand rush aiul
killed, wounded, and stampeded the rebels in front of
lis on top, and the field was ours — at 4:'i0. Anson S.
Smith was severely' wounded in the foot. Cohu' Ser-
lueaut W. 11. II. llutton, while beariui; the llajj;, was
hit in the breast by JV ball, and Corpoi-al Lemuel F.
Holland, S(^izin*»- the colors bore them to the top very
bravely, and was the first one up. Everyone tried
desperately to get to the top and did not look around
mneli except at the middle breastworks where the
])anorania of battle was a magnificent sight. The rebels
came into our lines b}' hundreds. I threw my blanket
(hnvn once as I was getting veiw tired, not having en-
tirely recovered from my wound, but as it was likely
to be cold at night and I was wet from crossing a little
stream, I picked it up again. As we fired at the re-
treating rebels we aimed for an officer on a white
horse; the prisoners said this person was General
Bragg."

("olonel Douglas Hapeman in liis report, vide Reb.
Rec. Vol. 31, Pt. 2, p. 467, says: "The officers and men
behaved gallantly. I would especially notice Color
Sergeant Wm. IT. IL Hutton, of Company D, who was
wounded, and Corporal L. F. Holland, Company D, who
carried the colors safely to the top of the hills, the first
colors of the first brigade planted on the enemy's
works."

It was stated at the time by a correspondent of the
Nashville Press, that the flag of the One Hundred and
Fourth was the first one of the line planted on Mission
Ridge. But the ridge being assaulted at six different
points, after the troops had arrived near the top, and

l^: THE ONE HL'XDKED AND FOURTH

Ikmij;; liidiliMi from an uiiubstriutetl view either above
or Im'Iow, I his iiiav iiol hav«* been so, Neveriheh'ss, if
uoi I he lirsl, ii was oin-of ih«*iii, ami there wen* ceitaiiily
hoiit>rs «-i)ou;:h lo ^«i roiiihl.

W'illiaiii M. NN ilsoii of < 'oiii|taii\ 10. sa\ s t>f liie tliar;ie
lip ih«* ri<l^e: "1 was with the lie^ximent at Lookout
Moiiutaiii ami Mission lCi<l;:e, an<l will •niveau im-iih*nt
iliat orrurnMJ. In ihf seron«l rille i»iis where we
<«lo|i|M'<| to li'Sl, the l-ebels l*otll«!-e«| oni' li^ht paititu-

hirlv bv their sho«»tin;i, ami one rebel sharpshooter
< onhl not be pit at, after man\ trials, so one t»f the boys
^aid that any one who conhl shoot l<>ft hamleil woiiM
ii-i«-h him. William A. Kain, of our < 'ompaiiy, Ihin^
l«'ft hamleil, <lri\\ a bead on the rebel ami 'silenced
(hat .bdiniiN so that he did not boilirr ns any more/"
W ill Kain was soon aft«'r killed l»y a shot in the neek.
Most of till* old members will remembfr t he jovial and
l>ia\«' Kain with liis dark ha/.el eye and pleasant ad-
dress, piissessiii;; eourajie ami <ooliirss. uniicd wjili an
nm-oiiimonly kind heart.

Marsliall ISa^^w ill of ( '(nupany (1 says <d" t he assault
oil Mission Kiddie: "TIm* last charge at .Mission |{idi:«*
was my last, bein;;; wounded in tin- ri;iht shonhh'i- and
left knei'at their last works. .\ kImI raised np iwi-niy
fi'*'\ from me and sent a ball through my hat rim. a roll
of blank»'ts and the shoiiMcrs. His m'Xt three shots
lodp'd in the blankets. lb- then threw down his ^nn
and snrr<Mideri'd. I was mad and about to use my
bayoiift >\ith my left hand, when a ball took ui*- iu iIk*
kiHf and I u ilird."

ib'iirv Wintersriicidi of ( '.im|t:iu\ K says: *'\\ Inn
the w«>nl 'l''or\\ard' was ;;i\en. the army movtMl slowly
out of the timber into the open ;;rountl. It all lookeil
lik«* a ;:rand dress parade, but in a short time the top
of till* hill iMM-aim* lively .Ml tin- batteries there
bebhed forth ;;rap«' ami ranisit-r. and every «iiher kiml
«>f niissile. Soon the whole of iIm* loiii; ridi;*' was en-
veloped in smoke, and t hm as w e a«l\ am«'d. t he infantry
at t he foot of I he hill opiiii'd lire on us. ( Mie short n-si
tt» ealrh bi«'ath and we WfUf :il llirui with a ^';lukee

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 183

shout and a rush; the rebels liad to give way and they
went i^ell mell into their works half way up the hill.
Onr flag- bearer had been shot, also the flag bearer of
the Eighty-eighth Indiana; some one shouted, 'Pick up
that flag, pick up that flag!' After another short rest
the bugle sounded again. Major Widmer and Colonel
Ilapeman shouted, 'I want the One Hundred and
Fourth to be the first regiment on that hill.' Holland
taking his hat in one hand and the flag in the other
sang loudly, 'Kally round the flag, boys, rally round
rhe flag.' The boys formed around the colors and up
the ridge we went. The rebel officers could be seen
swinging their swords and doing their best to keep
their men in line, but all in vain. Thej called out, 'Bull
Run!' We replied, 'Chickamauga!' Our men were de-
termined ; the rebels had to go. The Kegiment captured
scores of prisoners. When the sun went down behind
Lookout the banners of the Arm}- of the Cumberland
waved victorious over Mission Ridge and Bragg's army
was in hasty retreat."

William H. Conard, of Company E, gives the follow-
ing interesting account of tliat stirring period between
Chickamauga and the battles of Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge:

"From the 21st of September, 1863, the day of retreat
from Chickamauga, up to the 23d of November, our
time had been taken up in digging rifle pits, building-
forts and doing picket duty, the latter being no small
duty, as the details were so large that the whole array
would come on about eveiw eight days.

"We were liable to have a brush with the Johnnies
at any time, our lines were so close. Our Regiment was
on picket the 20th and 21st of November. This every
man of the Regiment will remember, as it was chilly
and rainy, and we went out without anything to eat.
On our return to camp I went to a mule commissary
and offered him 75 cents, all the money I had, for one
ear of corn, but was refused. But the mules were be-
tween me and the camp, and they had just beeu fed,
and before I got to camp one mule was minus three

IM THB ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

eiirn of i-orii, iiiid I luul tin* luMiftit of it ait the imilr's
fX|M'n*jf. This will illiisiratc the state of our stoinaclis
at (hill tiiiif. Our |Misi(ii)ii Wiis on tht* fxtrciiu* ri«;ht of
thr nhl ( 'iiiiifrhiiiil Ariiiv, (oiichiii*;: the rtiiiu'sst'e
IJiviT ln'hiw rhaltaiHMipi.

"Towaril fVfiiiiij; of th*- L'.M \\t* ufic uitlrrrd iinu
liiifaiul took out- |iositioiis !«• ih<- ri^'hi ami Icfl of l-Nut
^>**r;l*'>. i>ii<l li>iil oil our arms that iii;:lii, Init did not
Hhfp much, as tln*r»* was a ;;o<mI dral of slu-llin;; ;::oiuj;
on most of tin* ni^ht. Tin* nioruiii;; of tlir liltli o|HMU'd
np a lillh' rain\ but soon <-lcar«'<l a\\a\. At noon t h«*
♦•nt-niv rould hr s«*«'n inovin;; to our h-ft, ahui;; tin* ni-st
of Mission Kid{;r. So«»n wo rould hoar tin* souml
of bat th' over in Lookout N'allov.and about noon, above
tho misiv ilouds. wo rould soo a lino of nion wavorinj;,
an<l soon anothrr prossin;: thoni rioso. This latior line
was •Fi;^htin;: dor jjoidioi's' nion and ( >stcrliaus' l>i-
visi«»n t»f Shoiinan's IMftoonth Torps. I' mil l' it'clork
we had list«*nod to ami watrhod tlio battle to (»iir ri;^dit,
thon Carlin's liri^ado, to NNhirh our Ko;;inu'nt Inloimcd,
was ordofod to roinfoiTr llookoron Lookout Mouniain.
W'i' had sonio dini<ulty in «rottin«; ain>ss ( 'hat tanoo;;u
i 'r«*«*k as it is «|uit«* dooji noar t ho mountain, and wo had
to bo foiiiod ovor. JJowoNor, w r \\ oro so«in arross and
woll up tho mountain sido. dust w Iioim* wo »rossod tlio
old dat-kson trail that winds around tho mountain,
KtiMid old ti;;htin;: doo bosido his ^M-ay rhar«ior waiting
for us. <Mir (lonoral i<'arlin) roroivod his ordors. and
we at onro rrlir\«-d tJoarv's nioii and tontinutij ihc
batth' until iiftor niidnii:lit, and thm laid on our arms,
our Ko^imonl ortupyin^ tho ;;ardon of the Whiio. or
<*ravon, Ilouso. Um* historian has said ili:it M'ailiii's
batllo, aftor darkiioss had sot in. as Niowt'd friun tho
town Ih'Iou. was om- of ;ln' most int<'i-4«st in;; sights of
tho war.' It was a ;ri'Ji"d si;:lii for us as wo lookod
dou n from our idovalion of \,siU\ fret to the town bolow ,
and irariil our lim'S by tho ramp l»r«'s as thoy strotchod
away across t ho valloy. and up t ho ii\ or foi- sovon milos.
At I> o'rlork of I ho L'."»i h wo ( lUunuMood to un»vo tow aid
MiKMion Kid;;o, ro<rosKin;r ( 'hatianoo;:a (fork and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 185

joining onr own division to the right and front of
Orchard Knob. We had hardly time to malce onr coffee
when the 'Fall in' was called for the assanlt on Mis-
sion Kidge. It must have been one mile from where
we began to move in line to the first ritie pits, from this
line to the last one on top of the ridge about seventy
rods, there being five lines in all, directly in front of ns.
The ground was cleared, and as far as we could see
from right to left, our lines were perfect, until we came
in range of the enemy's lire, when our (ieneral(Carlin)
who was in the lead, gave the order, 'Double quick!'
Ours was a running fire until the first works Avere
taken. From there on our progress was slower, as the
ground was rough and the ^rifie pits close together.
Our hardest fighting was between the third and fourth
lines. At this point our loss was considerable. But
very few rebels got away from the third line. Those
who attempted to run were mostly killed or wounded.
One poor wounded rebel lay just in my line of march;
I can never forget the look of despair depicted on his
countenance as he lay there begging us not to kill
him. I stopped and gave him a drink of water from
my canteen. How his countenance changed! He had
tried to get away, as he said that his officers had told
them that if they fell into our hands we would kill
them, ^hame on the soldier who would do such a
cowardly act! AYhile our lines were re-forming on tne
crest of the ridge, an officer and staff galloped
diagonally across our front; w^e raised our guns to fire,
but our officers ordered us not to fire; they said it was
(ieueral Hooker, but it proved to be General Bragg.
He also rode a white horse that da}'. Barnes, in his
brief history of the United States, page 247, says of the
charge of Mission Ridge: 'Up they went, over rocks
and chasms, all lines broken, the flags far ahead, each
surrounded by a group of the bravest; without firing
a shot, and heedless of the tempest hurled upon them,
they surmounted the crest.' If Mr. Barnes had been
on the ridge with the Johnnies he would have been
aware that there were some shots fired.

IM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

•In rfnani t«» tht* lii-Kl lla^ plaiitr*! on ilie v'u\)Xl* by
our forri*»s 1 tjuotr I In* arnjv rurr«'SjM»n«l»*nt <»f the
•NaHhvilh* I'lvsM,' whiili 1 rlii»|»«Ml from that paiK*r a
Khort tinuMifliT tin- l»aill«*: 'Tin- honor of lirst phmt-
iiijj the Natiiinal Ihi^' on Mission Ki«l;:»* h('h»n<:s to
the <>n«* ilnn<li-<Ml and Fonrth K«';:ini«'ni of Illinoig
\'olnnt«frs. I'ii-si Hri;:a«h', First I M vision. This l{«*jri-
iniMii rhar«:iMl uvt-r tixf ilisiinri linrs i>f ihr «Mn*ni,v'8
wtirkii, tiriviuj; iImmt sharpshooterB ln-fon* tlnMn an<!
I>hintin;: tln-ir lhi^»»n tin* «MHMny'8 works on the summit
of ihf ri«l;:«* in a<l\an)-«« of oth«*rs.' W'r hivoiiark<Ml ihal
nijjhl on thi' ri«lp', an<l I «*njoyc<l the h«*si n-sl that 1 had
bud sin»t* \vr haul hrrn hrsii*|^nMl in riiatlanooy;a, as I
had the prlvih»p' of shn'pinjj undt-r a robel's (juilt, ono
tliat was lar«;«* rnonj^h to covrr six of us. 1 had not
hh'pt und<*r a hhinkcl sinrj* \v«* h*ft St»'vrns(»n, Alabama,
on ih«' 1st tlay of S«*pt«'inb»'r, wh<Mi wi- piN'd our knap-
narks and stripped oursrhrs for hard iiianliin^ and
li^lhlin;:."

t'harh's (I, j'liilli|is. of ("om|»any I >. says in ni;ard
to the 4*vcnts of tile 'J:!d. iMt li aiid '2~t\\i (compiN-il from
his h'tlJTH written h<»mt' ai i In- 1 iiiH-i:

"Nov«*nilMM* *j;{d was a siiriiii;; day in ( "hat iaiioo;x:i.
It was rohl and looked like lain. In I lie forenoon i liere
was nothin;: ;:oin^ on ami the boys were hunt in^ aroun<l
for someihin;: to eat, for we w ere ou onefoiirt h rat ions.
At *J p. m. tin* bu^le blew ilie assembly and the ( Mie
Hundred ami I'otirth took its idace on the left of the
bri;;ade. then we lay in line of battle all niirht without
tir<*s. We did m>t sh^'p innrh ami about ."> a. m. of ijie
L'lth we movi*«l east of I'ort Ne;:ley. At daylight it
lM';;an raining; and we built some fires. About \'2 w«*
saw Hooker's men dri\ini: tlie rebel lines around the
|Miint of Lookout and rheers were heard on all parts
of our Ilm»H. Then nt 2 we were ordeitd to manh ami
ndnforte Hooker. We reaehed I he foot of t lie imumtain
at snndow n and at 10 reaehed t he ( 'ra\ en I louse. \\ hen
not lon^: after the rebels made a sortie lui mir Hi-i^aile
tint were repulsed. The liriu;; eont i nih-d until L* a. m.
of the lir»lh, u hen all beramei|uiel ami w«' were alh»wed

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 187

to lie down. Iii the uioriiiug mauy rebel deserters came
in and said they were tired of the war. The Stars and
Stripes were thrown to the breeze from the top of
Lookout about S, amidst immense cheerinii'. At 9 we
marched back to Chattanooga and to our position about
a mile from Mission Ridge and formed in line for the
assanlt. We then stacked arms and waited for the
or«h'r to advance. About 4 p. m. the order came and
the Kegiment started going through some timbered land
for half a mile, when we had to cross an open tield,
wliich we did on the double quick for the rebels were
shelling us from the ridge. At the foot of the ridge
was a. line of Avorks which we rushed for an<l got in, the
rebels rushing out and up the ridge. They had three
other lines and were firing at us lively, and those lines
had to be taken. Could it be done? Yes; the command
was, 'P^orward, One Hundred and Fourth!' The men
jumped to their feet and over the earth-works and
charged for the next line, which was full of rebels firing
at us as fast as they could, but when we got pretty near
the}' left and scrambled for the top of the ridge. We
had a good chance to shoot at them, which we did.
When we reached the rifle pits midway up, we were all
tired out and a halt was made to rest, but we kept
shooting whenever we could see a rebel to shoot at, and
they likewise sent the balls thick and fast over our
heads and among us, but we had become used to them.
After a rest of about live minutes, the orders were,
'Forward! Drive them from the top!' With a shout
the men sprang over the works and began climbing,
yelling as we went, at the top of our voices, and shoot-
ing as fast as we could load and fire, no one knowing
but what he might be the next one to fall. When we
arrived at the top the rebels broke and ran and we
after them. Our liag was the first planted on the ridge
and there was joy, shouting and handshaking with each
other. That was a happy meeting, to know that the
Stars and Stripes waved over Lookout and Mission
Ridge again. There was some more firing, but the
rebels had run off and it was almost night,so we were

I« THE ONE HL' NURED AND FOURTH

told to go into raiiip thfiv. Tin* ni^lit was v»i\ ((dd,
but \Vf had m»«Ml tin-s and slrpi s<nindly."

'I'h«* Iti^s of liic ( Mif 1 1 inidi'i'd and l-'unn li ai .Missinn
Kidjir WHS HH fidiiiwh: KIIUmI AihdlM-it S. Ilannnn,
<'<inipaiiv H; liMiar A. r<H)l, i'Mnipanv «'; William A.
Kaiii. ('aiiii|iaiiy K; rharlfs M. M«»«»r«% <\»nii»any II,
llrnrN < ". n«)U;:las, ( 'oinpanx I. Tola!, .">.

.MmiijiIIn W (iiindcd Li< iih'iiani (Miiii S. i>;i\idson,
<'oiii|»aii\ li; l»avid < '. « hillil li. < "»»ni|tan\ A; SirplnMi
J. Slndl«ni, < 'onipanv K; Sainii»*l N. Tn-naix , < "onipany
F. Total. I.

\\'<>iind«*d l.itMiifnani William < '. Koss, < '«»m|iany
li; Sfr;:«-ant IMiilandcr TallMti, ( 'umpany H; Sci-;:»anl
W. 1!. II. llnUon. Tonipany H; S<Tp*ant Saminl Lynn,
Colli pa iiy 4"; Anson S. Smith, < 'um]tany l>; .losliua \\ il-
hoii, (\iin|>any 15; William W ilUinstm, Company 10;
W'illiaiii (iottinaii, C«»mpany F; Isaac W. <iairlndl,
<*ompaiiy F; Marshall Ha;;\vill, Company (i; William
M. .Inn«*s. Company <l; ("haih-s l\. Cook, Comjiany (i;
< H*or;;«' W. I lammrii, < omitany II; Kdt;ai- \\'. Moshrr,
Com|»any II; .lann*s .1. ria\t*r, ('om|tan\ I: <'liaih's
Kuj;«*r, Company K; dohii < "oync, Cdiiipiiny I. Toial, IT.
T<»tal kilh'd and wonndt-il. 'Jti; wliii li was laiuf in
pro|Hiriion lo tin* arinal si/r of iln- KcuinnMil. TIm'
l«iss in iln- Hii^adf, ronsisiin;; of nine i-fLrinM-nis. at
l^iokonl .Moiiniain and Mission Kid;:i', inclndini: ••ii*'
kilhil at Cniysvill.' ili<- n»\t djiy. was 'J.'* kilhd. 1! 1
wonmh'd. lis capinr*- of mn with amis in hand, .'>00.
Till- IMxision lost in killrd ami wonmh-d, from ihr two
lnij:ads. a total «d' '.'AW. Its raplnr of piisonis was
l,ll».\ of caniioii 4, hrsidt's arms, rtc Tho cnliir ioIm*1
liiKK4t< ill the two hatth's, imindin;; tin- ti^ht at Kin;;-
;:o|d on llif I'Tth, arroidin;: to thoir lopoits, wfic:
KilliMJ. ;{i;i ; wiMimh'd, LMsd; missin;:;, 1,1 H".; t<»tal, WjUu
niir loKHif* w<T«': Kilh*d, 7r>;{; wonndcd. I.T'JJ; missin;;,
.'UM; total, .".si'i. <Jfam) total on hoth sides, 12, 1'.H.
\Vr raplni'i'd forty piftos of artillery, many thonsands
of Hinall arms, ammnnition, ua;xons, supplies, eir.

Iiiiportaiil as wcvf the resnits tlowin;: from the l»at-
tl<i« of I/Nikoiit .Mountain and .Mission Kid;:*-; ^lorions

REGIMENT II^LINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 1S9

as was the record of the gallant troops engaged therein,
retlectiug inipei'ishable honor on American valor, yet
not all was accoiiiplislied that General (Irant had
expected and deewired. ills plans contenipUited the
entire destruction or capture of General Bragg's army,
and this would have been accomplished had not sev-
eral circumstances contributed to defeat that result.
Over one of these at least General (jrant had no con-
trol. The Urst was the heavy fog in Chattanooga \'al-
ley on the morning of the 25th, and the necessary delay
of Hooker by it, and also by bridge burning, which i)re-
vente<l his attacking the rebel left until nearly three
p. m., and in consequence of which, perhaps, Thomas
was withheld so long. The other circumstance was
Sherman's failure to break the rebel right at the tun-
nel. Had (xcneral Grant himself been present with
yiierman, he might have ordered other movements to
be made by General Davis' big division and those of
Howard, which would have changed the aspect of
affairs on that Hank. But General Grant could now
relieve Burnside, and on the night of the 25th issued
orders to Generals Granger and Sherman accordingly,
while the pursuit of Bragg was begun during the night
and early on the 20th, by GeneralHooker and General
Palmer, the latter then commanding the Fourteenth
€orps.

The One Hundred and Fourth moved early on the
morning of the 2Gth with the brigade toward (rrays-
A'ille, in pursuit of the enemy and overtook them after
dark near that place, but they were in no mood for
fighting and hurried across Chickamauga Creek by
wading waist deep in the icy cold water and escaped,
leaving, however, in our hands, a fine Napoleon gun
and other material. ?5ome fifty prisoners were also (*ap-
tured. The command then went into bivouac. The
One Hundred and Fourth had started on this march
wludly unprepared except in the matter of ammuni-
tion, of which each num carried one hundred rounds.
They were also supposed to have rations for four days,
but these were not full ones. Colonel Hapeman says

1>0 ill -I^HKD AND FOURTH

ill Ilis rr|M»r!: "A luimlMi of iln* nun luul no shirts,
thfir shot's wiTt* \v»trn out, t lothiny; all |hm»i-, and none
of ihiMu had <»vt*rfoals." There was eonsiMHu-ntly much
8Uff«*rin;^', hut they iheerfully t*inlurtMl all. The maivh
was rrsunutl on tht* HTlli, an«l many pris«»ners tak»*n
«»n the way. t hi approarhin;; Kin^';i<tl<l tin* sound of
lliHiker's j;iins was heard. Tin* fneiiiy hail made a
staiitl «ui Tayh»r's Hidj;**, and Osterhans was en;;ay;e<l.
The <Mie Hundred and roiirih was pla«-e«l on the left
of his line and two ronipanies of skirmishers thrown
f«irward. who atlvaneed t«> the to]», but tin* enemy,
attacked every wher«', withdrew. The Ke^nnient then
r«*niaineil in line of haittle until ni<:ht, when it was
detailed f«tr pi<ket duty on the left flank of the lui;_'ad«*.
The I'Mh set in with both rain and snow, making
thiiijTK very unpleasant for the Ke;;inn*nt, whirh was
on pieket until four p. m. before relieve«l. It then
bivouarked near the ritl^e initil eleven a. m. of the
L".Mh, when the marrh was be^nin for ( 'hat tanoo<ra.
This proved to be one of the most i ryin;; ever made, and
tin arriviiij; there at seven in the evening;, the men were
nearly exhaiisted fr«>m (Md«l. liuu;j:er and privation; some
had their feet frozen on this return niar»li. <;eor;;e
Marsh speaks «»f \\'m. 1*. New comb shoiMin;; a i^oat
whih* away. f<»r ftuMl. and naively says: *'I»ul it did
not taiste very jxood, loo stron;;!" l|owe\»i- ili;ii nKi\
have Im'^mi. it is far |ueft rable as an article of diet, to
crow, t'harlestl I'hillips remarks very honest 1\: "t Mi
arrivinjx at t 'hat tanoo^^a after dark, we were all used
up, hun>:ry, tired and cold, and ;:lad that we had ^ot
home." In the Kinj:;:old alTaii- Hooker lost <»."> kille<l
and .'{77 wounded. The enemy left \'.U) dead on the
lield. Numbei' of Wounded not known; '2'.U) piisoners
were taken. I-'urther offensive operations were soon
aifter suspended and the main part of the army with-
drawn to ( 'hat iaiioo<;a. w luic ii w eiit into w iiiiei- «|uar-
lePK. iJemral SlM-rman's troojis also returned fr<un
Knoxville, Lon;;street havjn;: raised the siep- and
retreate<I. ,\ period of rest and re«*iiperation was leii
dere«I necessary before be;;innin;: the next can>pai;:n

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 191

into that inner Sonth of which Ohattjinoojia was the
natural entrance and had been so rej^ai(le(i for ninirly
two years, and hence the battles and campaigns fought
and conducted with so mnch perseverance and fierce-
ness on both sides. The Southern people were again
surprised and shocked, but probably not more so than
General liragg, wlio, withdrawing his army to Dalton,
was soon after relieved from command at his own
request and succeeded by General Hardee, who a little
later was superseded by General J. E. Johnston. Gen-
eral Bragg in his report says: "Xo satisfactory excuse
can possibly be given for the shameful conduct of our
troops on his left in allowing their line to be pene-
trated. The position was one which ought to have
been held by a line of skirmishers against any assault-
ing column." (Vide Keb. Kec, Vol. 31, IH. 2, p. (>(;(>.)
But General Bragg, however, had failed to recognize
a certain element that w'as one of the factors, and a
powerful one, too, in these battles. That factor was
the moral forces at work in the minds of his soldiers.
The irresistible and tierce charges of Hooker's men on
Lookout Mountain gave them a dim foreboding of what
was to follow. The impressions made on the plains of
Chattanooga by the splendid and powerful array of
our armies, accompanied by the pomp and panoply of
glorious war when the first advance was made by Wood
and Sheridan, were well calculated to weaken their
confidence in themselves. And when as a finale they
looked down upon the miles of glittering arms, the
hundreds of waving standards and flags, bore to the
assault by Thomas' advancing legions, there was a
moral force about it that could not fail of its effect.
They knew that those men would carry the heights,
and the courage of thousands failed, who on other fields
had proven their valor.

CHAPTER Xlll.

The Flanktnc of Dalton— Advance to the Etowah— BattleB of Re-
Mca and N«-w Hoi* Church— Seizure of Allatoona.

At tin* trniiiiiatioii of the Imtllt-s ;iiitl (•;impai«:ii
ariMiiid < 'hattaiiuujj^a tli*' ()ii«- I liiiitli-c*! aiitl Fmirili
fujiiviil a iMTiod of rrst from li;:liliiij; ami a^^aiii s«*t-
i1»mI tltiun to ihc «liillrs «tf caiiiii lif«'. < Mi I )<'t«MiilM'r
Isi llw aniix itass«'t| in irviru ln-foir (tciicial iiiaiit,
ami it was a |»ion«l orrasion for the li«*rocs of maiiv l»ai-
tlrs, Dunn;; tlu* inoiitli tin* K«*;,nim'nt was cmploviMl
oil tin* m*w watn-w «»rks or ri'srrvoir, jirojiMtcMl ami
Itiiiit oil <'aimM-oii Mill. W'Immi fiiiislnMl iIh- watrr was
|miiii|»«m1 iiilo it from ihr r»iim*ss('«* l>\ iisiii;; ilio motive
]Miwcr of an old ttoiir mill wliicli stood on tlir hank of
tin* river. Pipes were run from the reservoir to the
<Joveriimeiit l>uihlin;:s in the t(»\\n. This eiiter|)ris(»
proved to he a ^I'eat hlessiii^ to ( "ha 1 1 a iioooji jmd was
in list* until a f«'W vears a^'o. The n^jiairs on the rail-
road not hein;; rompleted t here was a seait it y (d" rations
to feed the army until the middle of Jannarv. Christ-
mas and New \'«'ar's proved to l>e dull in many resjiects,
iiotaldy hy the absent e of luxuries fiom ihe dinner
tables of the sohlieis. W. 11. ('oiiard notes, however,
that "W'e had <ow tail soii|i for dinmi." Sherman
I^^dand says. **Onr dinner r(Hisiste«l of « o(Te<' and Lin-
rojn |dat forms** (rrark^Msl. l{n< on .lannary ]:U\i :i
rhaiiire nime, produced by the arrixMl of the first
'M'rarker" train over the railroad, and this was soon
f«dlo\\ed by live others. Their arrival was o;n.,.t,.d by
Mhoiiis of j<iy from Ihe army that had been redmed
inaiiy times t«i the very ver;;e of starvation and had
endured HiilTerin^ for months, besides li;;htino^ two bat-
lies oil eiiipl\ stomaehs.

The Hue Hundred iind I'ourth had berome roiisid-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 193

erably reduced by battles and disease. The wounded
w(M'e in hospitals or had btvn sent home to recover.
Some, also, were so fortunate as to be <»ranted fur-
loughs to ii,<) home. Lieutenants Porter jind IJoss, of
Company B, both beini;' woun^led (the loruier losinjj;' his
left arm at Chickamauj^a), J^ieutenant (Mark com-
manded Company I> for a time. "Bill" Ross, aft(M'ward
C;ij)tain of Comi)any B, was a man not likely to be for-
j^otten by any one who ev^er met him or had occasion to
lun ajiainst his six feet thi'ee or four inches of cor-
poi'osity and listened to the dulcet tones (tf his ])er-
snasiv<^ voice when things <lid not j^o to suit him. E.
F. Mallory, of Comi)any I, sends the writer the follow-
ing; incident about our friend William, so characteristic
of him that it seems api)ropriate to introduce it here.
Tie says: "If you were with us after the surrender at
Hartsville, you may have noticed, as I and otliers did,
that ()rd<'i'ly Seri;(^aiit Ross, with cane in luuul, went
limpinj;- ah^nj;- with a baiKhige on his h^<;-. This w.as a
blind he used to keep his body warm, that is, to keej)
the rebels from stealing his overcoat. The ruse suc-
ceeded. After the battle of Mission Ridge, while I was
sick in Nashville and walking out one day, whom should
I meet but Lieutenant Ross, with cane in hand and the
same old limp. I thought at once of Hartsville and it
seemed so natural and comical that I began laughing,
for which T asked to be excused as it reminded me of
the Hartsville limp. 'Yes,' says he, 'but the curious
part of it is that this time it is genuine, and the wound
is right where I had the bandage then. Say, Rastus,
was it a judgment from Heaven?' I have often thought
<)f the occurrence since." About the lOtli of January'
Ca])tain Collins was detailed to take charge of and
command all the ambulance and medical trains of the
Fourteenth Cor])s, and thereupon Lieutenant Clark
assumed command of Com})any L). On the lOth, Cai)tain
Ludington, of Company H, senior captain, resigned. On
January 22d the One Hundred and Fourth moved camp
about two miles over to the east side of town beyond
Fort Wood and near Citico Creek. George Marsh, writ-

iM THE ONE HUNDKEI) ANI> FOURTH

inj: nil l\-l»niai\ Tlli, nuvs: *M)ii<- ..f iln- hi- luirU ware-
limiM-s full of ariiiv supplies IhhimmI .l.iwn last iiijrht.
Tlif l»«»ys liavr just iiMi-ivril «*iu»u;:li siM-ks and inittfiis
fnuii tin- lailirs of I^i SaIN- rouniv to last tlirin six
iii«iiitlts. Li<Mii*'iisiiit M. Osmaii. S»i;:«aiii .Major iy l>.
Whitmaii. S«T;ifaut NN'. .Mism-r, of t 'oiiipaiiv r, ; ( "oii.oial
L. F. Ilollaiul.of roiupaii.v H, and iVupoial S. A. Si;:iioi-,
»if < 'oiiipaiiv ( *, liavf jioiir hoi II.' oil r.( iiiit iii;^ s<'r\ iio and
to H«i* llirir faiiiiili«*s."

As tin* aniiv was sinut of muh's and hoi-srs owiii^
iti llu' awful iinutality duiin;: tin* sit';:«', a new sni»pl,v
iMM-aiiK* iMM«'ssarv Infon* any now inovonionls «-onld ho
iiiau;:uialod, and *>u I'ohiuary lllli lho(Mio lliindio<l
and I'ourtli was smt to Nash\ilh' !•• Itrin^^ forward all
that tould In* ohlaiin-d. This .m iiision was a^rooahlo
to tin- hoys, as it was a hioak into iho iiionoiony of ilio
last tuo inoinhs, and y;av«' thoin an op|(oiinnily lo sit*
our woundod in NasliNiilo hos|iiials, and !«» onjoy tho
si;:lits of the rapilal, win mo iIm-v had fonnoily sjicnt
KoiiH* ploasanl wooks. < hi :nri\al iho Ko<:;iinoni was
<|uart««rod in Harrarks No. ;;, Iti-oad stroot, hut on i ho
ir»tli inovod to Clin I'attory. <'aptaiii L«'i;:hion. of
<'4iiupany A, who was thm in Nashvillo slill sulVnin^X
from his wound, says, "Tho One llnndiiMl and I'oiiiih
an* lion* and having; a j^ood tiino catchin;; and hrc akin;::
inulos and onjoyin;: ihoir holiday hy al!ondin^ tlio va-
rious jdaros of aniusoiiioiii, j»rini ipally I ho 1 hoalci' whofo
.1. \N'. Itooth is now playin;;, many of couiso attoinlin^
• liurrh oil Sunday. Tho mulos aif mostly yomiM^ and
wildor than a ( 'oiiiam ho I ndiaii. Tho juoross of «at( h-
in;: tliom is fun for iho hoys, hut <|uito tho contiary for
tin* jMior inuloy. Tiit-y throw a ro|tc ovor his In ad and
dra^^jiii;; him out of tin- di-o\o, ono Ht.MZ<'s him li\ iho
oars iind throw s him dow u w lion ho is hold uni il luidlod
and liarnoss«M|, tlnu hoin;; lot up, muloy lohols, rofnsos
to iiiovo, liiit is put in moiii>ii, not hy moral suasion,
liiit liy 11 lihoral appliralion of hlai ksnako." Having
tiy Manh 'M soruro«l om- thousand mulos. two hiimlrod
horsos ami oi^hty wa;:oiis, tho Ifooimrnt staiioil alMUit
iHMiii for tho front and ;:oin;; four inilos woni into i-amp.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 195-

The following "itinerary" of the joiirnej^ was given
to the writer by Sherman Leland "March 4th. Broke
camp at eight a. m. Thirty non-commissioned officers
commanded by Major Widmer, acted as advance guard.
Halted at La A'ergne for dinner, then moved on and
camx)ed for the night at Stewart's Creek near a large
brick house.

"March 5th. Leaving camp early we made twenty-
two miles on the Shelbjville Road and camped.

"March Gth. Started early and passed through
Shelbyville, a very lovely place. Having made twenty
miles Ave camped at night on Thompson's Creclv.

"March 7th. Starting at eight Ave reached Tulla-
lioma at eleA'en, where we got dinner, loaded forage,
and then pushed on to the Elk KiAcr, Avhere we Avent
into camp during a hard storm near a graA'eyard,

"March 8th. We remained in camp to-day waiting'
for teams that AA'ere behind, stuck in the mud.

"March 9th. All of the teams having come up we
started at eight and crossing the Elk reached CoAA'an
soon after noon. The Regimental Postmaster joined
us here Avith a good supply of letters. Going on a few
miles we camped on a creek at the foot of the moun-
tains. There Avere fish in the creek, but thev failed to
bite.

"March 10th. During the night it rained A^eiw hard,,
but we began to ascend the Cumberland s and by the
route followed when we set out on the Chickainauga
campaign. The road proved to be most horrible, but
AA'e made Tantallon and biA^ouacked.

"March 11th. The creeks were much swollen, but
managing to get our stock across we moved on, and
in some places had to swim the animals. Mj' horse-
stumbling I receiA'ed a good ducking. Camped to-night
at Anderson's.

"March 12th. We moA'ed on down the valley and
passing through Stevenson, camped two miles beyond..
We Avere now getting nearer the front.

"March 13th. Setting out at seven a. m. for Bridge-
port, Ala., we soon met a man who was decrepit from.

IM

THK ONK HlNIHtKI' AM» F"l ICTM

ajjf au«l hafiUliip ainl was tlun «»ii his waiv home ixflov
till iiii|U'isuiiiiirut (if si'Vt'll luttiitlis ill Lihltv. lie had
btfii imairtiTalttl Imm-uiihcu I'liioiiisi. \\ «- rrosstnl the
Ti'iiiu*Ks«M' ai nrJ«I;;r|M»rt jiiid wmi iiii«t ramp in*ar
llo;.' .lau Nalh'V, w hm' \\«' slalitiinMl a strt»ii;i pirk**!,
i( imw Immii;; iHMi'ssarv to ^iianl our liin-s >n«II.

"Marrh Uth. Starting; rail.v wf aiiiv«M| ai \\ hitr-
Hliltti a! Ihni* p. iii. In passing; iln- 'Naiiow s' uc iia«l
HoiiH* iliflii itliv. as f»»r a iiiih* Ihrrt- was jusi i«k»iu Im*-
twiiMi ih«* iiioiiiitaiiis and lli«- river fur th«' rail and
\va;;i>n roads. I hm* look ad>'anta<;(' oT I he opport unity
to visit the famous Nirka .la«k cavr, where the rel»els
had sjiltpetre works. This is a ^reat natural mriosity,
said to run hack under SantI Mouniaiii for miles. A
tr»i*k of the purest watei- inns lioni It; heauiifiil in-
rrustatious fresro the roof.

"On the loth the «a\alraile iiiommI on, ami passin;;
hy the old road ar<uind and o\er the norih eml of
I^iokoiit. went on llirou;:h rhattanoo;;a and into eainp
two miles from Mission lvid;;e. Here we remained
until the 17th. meantime i urnin;: o\ er unr siock in ;;ood
order, and rollert in;; t he fV.i;;;;ai:e left helliml. The I li]»
of live Wii'ks had heell a SUr«essful olle ami was elijnycd

by all. We foumi iln- w(*atln*r warm and |iearli and
other trees ha<l been in hloom for two weeks."

iMirin;: the alisem-e of the ( Mie Hundred and I 'on it h
vast preparations had heeii in pro;:ress looking; to the
Kpriii;; eampai;;n a;:ainsi the n-liel army, then eom-
liiaiided by iJeiieral .loseph \l. dohnstoii, whiih lay
iiitreiirhed at Ihilt<»n and IJocky I'ace Kiil^^e, ready to
dispute the passa;;e of the Inion armies into (ieoi-;:ia.
In .Marrh (ieiieral Sherman had l)e<>n desiunaied by
<ieni'ral <5rant as the t'ommamler of tin' .Miliiaiy
DiviKJon of the Mississippi, the laiier haviie^ been
made the <nMieral-in< 'hief of nil t he armies of the
I'liited States. .\l»out .Marrh L*r»t h tJeueial Sherman,
areoiiipanied by tb'iieial .Mt riierson, repaired tot'liat-
tanoo^a to eoiifer with (b-iieral Tlnmias and arranp»
the plans of raiiipai<.Mi. Stron;; renunioissames made
in I'ldiruary l»y several tli visions of the I'ourf »mm( h

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 197

Corps in the direction of Dalton had devel(»i>ed the fact
that the enemy were in lieavy force at P»n//.ar(rs Koost
of Jiocky Face, and at (dhcr i)oints. After sonic tij;ht-
inii', witii a loss of several liundrcd men, it was deter-
mined tliat all attempts to <lislod,uv the rebels then
would be futile. Therefore the troops were posted in
o-ood positions to await further deveh)pments. Two
brigades of .Ff>hnson's Division were ])lace(l at Tyner's
Station on the Knoxville Railroad, nine miles from
('hattanooj»a, and the third at (Jraysville with a force
at }*arker's (Jap.

On tin- 17th tlie One Hundred and Fourth rejoined
Jcdinson's Division at Tynei-'s, and on the UMh marched
to (Jraysville. Leland says: ''We canii)ed on the e<l.ue
of a beautiful i>rove of youno- pines. The tents were
pitched in ref»ular order and the boys, fearing we would
remain some time, beautified their (juarters. Trees
were set out, grounds cleared and an evergreen stajid
built for the band boys, (leneral Palmer, (I'ommander
of the Fourteenth ('orps, came along and complimented
us on having the most orderly and prettiest camp in
the De])artment." The One^ HundrcMl and Fourth
renuiined at (Jraysville engaged in heavy picket duty
and in preparing for the advance soon to be made.
One-half of the Regiment was often on picket. A
number of recruits had joined the Ilegiment, but ther^
were less than three hundred men in all, inclmling the
old members who had returned. Captain Leighton
arrived on the Sth, but his wound still troubled him
very much. He was, however, anxious *to be with his
(V)m])any, which had tw(uity-seven men for duty. On
the 27tli of April marching orders came and also oixh'rs
to have twenty days' rations ready; all baggage was
to be sent to Chattanooga.

General Sherman, on assuming the command, had
set about reorganizing his armies and nmking every
preparation for the long and remarkable campaign to
follow. He had the three armies of the Cumberland,
the Tennessee and the Ohio, commanded respectively
by Generals Thomas, McPherson and Schofield, from

IM THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND F'OURTH

wliifli to HvU'il his «:rainl army of invasion. Me |»r<»-
jHiMil to taki* ."itl.CMIO iiM-n of tin* liist, :^\(i(M> of tin* sec-
oiul aii«l iri,(K>(l of ilic iliinl. lot:il KKI.OOO, ain) iiiohilizo
tln'iii l»\ liaiiisliin^ \\a;:ons, tnits, l>aj:;;a<:«', and «*v»*rv-
thiii;: in»t al>s«»lul«-l\ iHMt-ssarv. Ka«li n-^j^iiiHMit was
allowdl but OIK* wiipin and one anil>ulan(-t'. Kacli sol-
dier and oHitiT was nM|nin'd to carry on his jhtsoii
his iloihin;: and tivr days' iali«ins. A inul«* «»r park
hoiTir was allow I'd |o thr olVims of rjlcli rompany.
IVnts won* to \n' takrn for tin* si«k and wounded only,
exi*«*|»t that each ln*ad«|nart»*rs was allowed a tent.

<S«Mi«*raI Slu-rnian and his Staff proposi'd to uso tont
flies onl\. TIh'si' roiild In- spn-ad ovrr fcnrr rails, jhdes,
vir. tirnrral 'i'lionias, however, did not obey the order
but had his re^Milar tents, and Sherman says that the
boysciilh'd his establishmiMil "Thomas' Cirrus." W hen
May 2d airived, which lime hail Immmi set by (Irant iTtr
a ^^iMicral and united movement of all the armies of
the I'liiiin a;:ainsl the hosts of the rebellion. <Iencral
Sherman's army musieretl as follows: Army of the
Cumberland, riO,77.'i men : Army of the Tennessee'. L'4,4<».">
men; .\rmy of the (Hiio, ftj,.~i.~»."> men; ;:rand ai^irre^ate,
1)S,7;»7 men; artilh-ry, -r>4 j;uns. This poweifnl array
was to be further increased soon by cavalry divisions
not yet attached. In addition, ( ieiieral I' rank \\ ]>lair,
with t wo d i visit t us. const it nt in;^ I he Se\enieent h .\rmy
Corps, joined Sheinian on dnne IMli at Ackwoitli and
IJi;; Shanty, < la.

To op|»ose this poweifnl a;:;^rei:at it»n (leneial .lidin-
«ton had on .Mii\ 1st, as pei- his i-epoil. (\ide Kel>. Uec,
Vol. ;{s, I't. :{, p. «;i n. HMM>i» inlanny and artilh'iy, and
about t,(MM) cavali-.N. lint by dune Isi liis arm\ had
be«'ii increased to nearl\ r»0,(MIO men. lie had in his
favor also the advanta;^e of choosing; iiis positions,
■which Were foriilied in ad\ance by thousands of slaves.
'J'lie natural defenses of the country were foiuiidable
in character and made every mountain, hill and \alley,
UK Well 3IS riN«*rs and streams, a source of strength.
His army would increase constantly, while as Slieiniaii
ntoveil further awa\ he must jo.se liesides |ossi*s in

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 199

battle, many tliousaiids, detached to hold his lines to
the rear and (h'fend the conquered territory. 'Plx'se
conditions balanced much of the dilTereuce in size of
the two armies. Captain Leighton, writing on the
2<)th (►f Ai)ril, says: ''We are still at Graysville. My
wound is troublesome. I am getting used to the ohl
rations and camp life again. Things are ])leasant in
the Regiment, the men are healthy and in hue s[)irits.
Our camp is situated four miles from our picket lines,
Avhich are south of Taylor's Ridge. From the ])icket
station on to]» of the I'idge we can see both lines of
pickets. There is a half mile of neutral ground. The
pickets exchange comT)linients every day or two, and
have tried several times to drive our men from the
picket station, but failed. This nu)rning at sev(Mi they
began the exercise again, but without avail, as six
regiments wer(^ sent out. Ours, however, was not
ordered forward — one-half of it being already on the
picket line. Many ])risoners were brought in. On
account of my wound Colonel llapeman assigned me
to light duty."

Writing on May 1st, Cai)tain Leighton says: "We
received orders at twelve last night that reveille would
sound at four a. m. and to have the men up and two
days' rations in haversacks ])rej)ared, all rea(l.y to march
at six. !r?o immediately after the bugle sounded the
camps were astir, knapsacks and haversacks packed,
and all provided with plenty of cartridges, as it was
not desirable to start without plenty of these in case
of need. By six the camp became quiet, an indication
that all was ready. Then followed a period of sus-
pense, and when this had produced impatience, Joe,
our bugler, was called for to blow his horn, but seven
and eight o'clock arrived and no assembly sounded.
At nine an orderly rode up with an order countermand-
ing the march. In five minutes one would not have
supposed that the camp had been disturbed. During
the day an order was received directing that all bag-
gage and surplus tents be sent to the rear and to take
nothing but what we could carry on our persons.

a» THK o.Sr. Ml .NKui.i- .\M' i .»L'UTH

iCiiiiiors In «|;i\ llial llif rifhM-iilli ;iii<l Tu »*iil i<M li «"..ii»>i
llll\i* Im';;uii I III* ;i«|njui««*."

Oil the .'{il tlu* Our IIiiii<Ii-<mI and Foiirlli iiianlMMl
Willi llu- ltri;:ailf to Kiii^;;M|<l aii<l raiii|MMl al iIm* f«M»l
of TaxlMi's Kitlj;«'. Hu lln- r»tli it wfiit !•• Parkri's Tiap,
rfliiniiii;: !•• Kiii^:;:o|«| tm tin* «itli. Slininaii Lchmd
miVK: "This rvfiiiii;: wjis niu' Ion;: in Im' i<'Iii«'IiiImi«mI.
onltTK hi'iiin riTfivtMl that tin* riiiiif aiinv wniil.l a. I
vaiHf lo iimnow a;:aiiist tin* immmiiv. StMtii afin- «laik
lioiitirfs \v«-if li;:ht«Ml. all t«-iils wm* illiiiiiitialc<|, and
rlHi'rx ran;; ff«ini om* fiid «>f tin- army lo ilif oiln-r.
Mili*H iiwiix down tilt' \alh-y tin* «lnMMin;: cttiiiiinMUMMl,
and rolling; ahm;; lik«' iIm- i<v«'ilM'iaiions <»f tiniinh'r.
Went fi'oiii oil*' end of the valh'v to th<* otli«*r. then
lurntil and, s«M'iiiin;ily loudfi- than iM-foic, passed hack.
Mixed with the noise was the tiiin;; td wci powder into
the air from the mnskels, prodiicjii;^ miiiianiie liic-
works. The releliralion was kepi up for i w o Ihmiis,
when the tiimnli siihsided and naught save a tire here
ami there indieated that an aiiii\ of lOO.dOO men ro-
|N>Kii| In thill vallev."

< Ml the morning: of .\|a\ Tili Sliermans jirmies wiie
in motion against the enemy. The ronrieeiiili Army
I orp'^, with I he Tu eiiiiei h I i looker's I on l he i ii;hl. and
the l*'onilh ( ll<»\\ aid's) on ihe jefi, advanced to Tiimiel
II ill and drove on l t he small foire of relx-K I lieic, who
f«dl hark to the slitni^ i»osiiion of Kocky I'ate. which
with its ;;or;:e called |{ii//.ard's Koosi, also ••.Mill t 'reek
<!ap," was Niron;;|\ fori i tied l»y mil me and an. In t his
iiiovenieiit the One Hundred and I'oiirt h, t hen nnmher-
iii^, its per i 'oloned I la|>eman's report, L*7!» enlisted men
and 17 onicers. |iari i< i|>aiei|, and occii|)ied that ni;:ht
tin- cani|i of 1 he Teiii h t 'oiifederale ( 'a valry of Wheeler's
roinmand. The still smoldering: tires ami foia^e scat-
tered around showed that I he enemy had left in a hurry.
The position of |lii/./.ard's KtMist hein;; alniosi impre^-
iiahh* to attack in front, Sherman prtiposed to iniii
il liy sending: .Md'heison with the Army of the Ten
lietiMii* Ihroii^li Snake Creek tlap on ihe rlL'hi and
striking the lehfl rear enilaiiuer his poviiioii ;ii hal

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 201

ton. Tlierefoiv t<» cjiny out tliis ])l;ni, McPIkm-sou
b(\i;an tlio iiiovonioiit, while to cover the real d('si«;n^
the Fourteenth Corps was to dcnuonstrate heavily in
front of liuzzard's Koost as if intendinii to carry it. On
the 8th the One Hundred and Fourth, niarchin<>' witk
rarliu's IJrij^ade, look position on some hills half a mile
southwest of \\\\7//AiV(V^ lioost, aiul after m(»vinj;()ii<-e or
twice, camped for the ni«>ht. The Dth was ushered in
by advances in force of several divisions of the Fourth
(\)ri)s, and the enemy pressed back into tlieir lines.
Genei-al (Jeary made an attem]»t to scale (Miattooj;a
Mountain, but met with resistance and it was aban-
doned. I lis loss was considerable. The One Hun-
dred and Fourth and Ei<;i»ty-eiohth Indiana, which,
with the ]>ri_i:,ade, was orch'red across Mill Creek, took
p()siti(ni on a spur overlooking the enemy's works in
the (Jap and was en<;aj;ed in lively skirmishing- most
of the (lay, but the Kegiment lost no men. The rest of
the l?rima<le, also eiiiiagiMl, met with a sliiiht h)ss.
McPherson's army entered and ])assed throu<j,h Snake
Creek Oap on the 9th, and i^reatly surprised Johnston,
but findin<i- liesaca fortified and manned, and afraid of
bein<;- attacked from Dalton, McPherson withdrew to
the mouth of the (ia]> and threw uj) works, (reneral
Sherman claims that here the Commander of the Army
of the Tennessee made a mistake in not seizing Resaca,
which, when he arrived near it, was occupied by only
one brigade of thv: enemy. Or he could have placed
his army across the railroad and Johnston's line of
communications and have forced hini to retreat in
disorder over roads almost impassable, and witli
Thomas and Schotield close behind, he would liave lost
half his army, artillery and wagons. By night of the
9th it was too late, as Hood, with three divisions, occu-
pied Kesaca. General Sherman, on learning the result,
resolved to throw his whole army through Snake Creek
Gap.

During the 10th the One Hundred and Fourth occu-
pied the same position as on the previous day, and was
skirmishinjr more or less heavilv all the time. On the

>>: THE ONE HI'NnHKD AND FOURTH

111 It ii \wl^ n-lifV«Ml afi«r liaviiiu Im-cu iiinln- lir.- foi
foriv Ihiiii*!* foiiiiiiiioiislv. aii«l r«Mrossiii<; Mill • KmU,
(-aiii|Mi| ftir tin* ni;;hl «»ii soiiit- liills.

OiiliTx having Immmi issutMl l»v (mmmmjiI SlHiinaii l<»i-
lldWiinrK TorpK nln* Fourth) and Sioiuiuairs Tavalrv
!«• rfiiiaiii iM'foiM' nu/.zanl's Koost, tin* irst «»f tin* anii.v
wan iliiiMictl lit iiiairh I lii«Mi;:li Siiaki- < 'nM'k < iap. w liirli
il iliil on ilii- iL'ili aiKJ l.''ili. aii<l * uii(ciiti-ai«><l :iroini<l
l{«*Mi(-a, Mtl'iM-isMii oil ilir li^lii, 'riioinas in tin* cimi-
llT, tllltl Srlu»rH'|i| oil tlir h'fl. rnMltI:il .luJinstcUl was
foiiiiil to liatr withdraw II his aniiy wiiliin ihr vciv
««xiriisivi' iiml stitui;: works, his jMiJiry fNitJciillv lu-iii;;
lo art on th«« drfi'iisivr riitiri'lv. thus Iraviii;; Cn'iKMal
Sh<Tiiiaii the alternative of attacking his alinosi iiii-
|ire^nahle positions and sai ritieiii;; thoiisaihls of val
ualde lives, or of rout iniiiii^ his ;;:raiid slratc^iir tlaiik

IIHiVellielitS wllirll Would of ||i*ressil V <-o|u|m-1 .lolmsloli

to rrtreat or ha\e his ronniiiiiiirat ions i iii olT, when
(liKaster wtHild he sure to follow wheihei- his army
foii;:ht within the intreiirhiiients or outside. ( ieiieral
SlMMiiian also had an idea that he wtuild \ei he aide
to taki* .lohnsioii unawares, as Mrriierson *lid him at
Hiiake Crei'k iJap, and arhie\e a \iei«»iy wiihoni loo
iiiin-li sa«-rifi<e of lives.

The t )ne 1 1 II nd led a lid I'oiiri h. lea V inn camp on t he
rjth at six a. in., reaelied the (la|) ai dark and iiiarrh-
in;; throii^ih rampeil in Siij:ar N'alhy. om- mile east of
the il(*lMMirlie. (Ml the i:;t|i ill)- Ke^^inieiil took all
urtlve part in the day's operation.^ and not wiihont
joKK. t'oloiM-l llapeinaii says in his lejioit : "The line
of the hri^ade was formed ahoiit noon, the Ke^jinieiit
ill the lirht line, with the ICi^rhly-ei-hi h Indiana on the
ri^hf and the rift^i'iiih Kentiirky on the left, rom-
panies A and K were deployed as skirmishers. .Major
\\ idnier in ehar;;e. They ad\ anted a «'onsideialde dis-
Imne, driviii;; the enemy's sKliniishers until tiny
r«'iu IiinI Tainp t 'reek, where ih<- en.. my was disi.ixcred
ill forri*. In adviinrin;; anoss an op.n lirhi in front

*'f 'I neni\'s Works tin. eompanies lost .uie man iiior-

lally Wounded, and four \\ oinMh-ij The |:»..^ji,,,.in ^vas

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 203

reliovod in the ovonini;- by a portion of the Twentieth
Corps and moved fuiiiicr to the left" Durinjj;- the day
Howard advanced throu<;;h Dalton and nearly to
Resaea, skirmishing all the way. McPherson, with Kil-
patrick's cavalry in advance and Hooker on his left,
advanced on the roads to llesaca. Palmer moving on
the left was engaged all day in skirmishing. Scho-
tield's two divisions were to the left of Palmer, and
Howard one mile from Scholield's left.

(leneral Johnston had formed his army with Polk
on the left, Hardee in th(^ center, and Hood on the
right. His heaviest works were in fnnit of Camp
Creek, where the One Hnndred and Fourth had been
engaged. General Shennan had already prepared to
get into the enemy's rear by having two pontoon
bridges thrown across the Oostenaula Kiver three mih^s
l)elow Kesaca, and had sent General Garrard's ( Javalry
Division to operate on the railroad, seven miles from
the town at Calhonn.

On the 14th McPherson, crossing Camp Creek near
the month, encountered Polk and drove him from the
hills to his trenches. The whole line then, from Hook-
ei-'s left, was slowly swung round on General John-
ston's Division of the Fourteenth Corps, as a pivot, Car-
lin's Brigade being the first to encounter the foe. The
rest of the army to the left then came successiveh^ into
action. The One Hundred and Fourth was formed with
the Brigade in line of battle, with two companies out
as skirmishers with or<lers to press the enemy hard.
The advance was through thick woods and across an
occasional opening. The enemy's works were on a hill
back of an open field and as the Regiment came up
and the skirmishers moved forward, a terrific fire was
opened upon it from every tree and log, and from their
works below the hill. The skirmishing companies
advanced within one hundred and fifty yards of their
line, when firing was directed upon them from another
line of trenches. They then sought such shelter as
could be had and fought the enemy for two hours and
until they kept very closely in the trenches, to which

an THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOl'HTH

all hail hiM'ii driven. S«*r«;«*aiii Aiiiold, of riunpaiiv A,
rolhflin;; his ;^niii|> Im'IiiimI a l<>^, ili<l ^mul wuik. Inn
tliry wi-n* iiiiirli aiiii«i>«Ml bv a sliaipslnMtirr in a iH)-,
iiiilil ilisroMTiii;; w linr lir was, ihr •:ronp liicd liy
vollfjk ami Lu'oiijilit liiiii iImwh ratliri- lash-r than a
n*;:anl for IiIk licalth wonhl warrant. Iln' htii^ath*
Immui: iiiisiip|»ortr«l maih* no rhai';;«* upon the worUv;
aii«l linally f«'ll l»a«k to the shelter nf tin- < 'irrk. 'I'Im-
I{«-;:inii*nt lost oni* man kilh'<l aiitl nine woumh'il. The
rasnalfies on the l.'ttli ami llih wri)' as follows:
Kilhil — .lolin FtMin. ( 'ompany 1 ►. .\l<»iially woimiliMl —
Si'r;ieant .\lh*n Hrn«Mliri, t'ompaiiy A; lacoh DrlTen-
l>aii;:h. ( 'oiiipany <l. WonndiMl \Niii. Ilaiicit. 15. W.
na;:ley ami < ". < 'hi-ist frlhT, all of < 'onipaiiv A ; < 'oi|(«»ial
!•'. K. I'hi-lps aii<l oli\«'r I]. ( iriest, of ( \iiii|taii\ It; I'irst
Seri»esint ha\i«l niiiikci-, ('onipaiiv <"; I'iisi Sci-^t-aiit
toil. Mai'sh, ( 'uiiipaiiy I >; ( 'oi|M»ral haiiitl Mason, ( 'nui-
pany <i; K. !•'. .Malloiy. ("nniitanx I: I'iisi Sci^cant ('.
ii. Itutterwerk. < 'om|tan\ K ; lltiiiy Mnkel, ( Nunjiany
K; .\u;iustus Knsner. <'oni|tan\ K : lltiifv Tox, < om-
pany K. The lu*a\y li;,'litiii^' of tin- <la\ was fartli<r lo
the left ami was en^M^^ed in by Uaiid's ami I>avis'
IMvisions with vaiions smcesses. aided l>y the ( "oips
of llowsird and Schnficld. who dro\i' Hn- i-n<'ni\ from
tlu'ir rifle pits and into theii- woiks. An a<lvamed
line was ;;ai!ied from which onr artillery reaehed the
rehel main lines. The mnsketry and ;irtillery lirin^'
was territlit- all day. I'inally ^Jeneial Johnston seeing
that the lines wei'e diMwinu <loser around hint res(dved
to take the olTensixe ami try to tnrn Sherman's left
Hank. I'oi- this pnrpose he sent Stewart's and Steven-
son's I divisions jiml two Uii^^ades of Walker. These
triNipK were snereedin;: when they weii' met ami hurled
hark in defeat l»y Williams* l>i\ision of the Twi'iilieth
< 'oips, iiided |»y Sinn»nsoii's jJatlei-y. \\\ eveniii<i other
IriMips arrixed un the left, snp|iorled also |»y Mrt'ook's
i'liVHJry. (ieiieral .lolmston ordered another assault
to he niad«' in the m<»rnin;:. Init withdrew the order
aflerw iird.

< Ml the |."»ih the ad\anla;ies ;iaim'd the day lietui**

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 205

were followed by bold a<»gressive movements on the
left, but these were not in full heiuhvuv until noon,
when Geary and Buttertield, Williams in resei-ve,
advanced. The enemy were again threatening that
Hank and Williams' Division was deflected to the left,
deary and I^utterfi«dd carried tlu^ nearest hills and
drove the rebels from a battery, but could neither
remove it nor hold the ground, however, retiring a lit-
tle, they kept the enemy from recapturing it, and hauled
it off at night. Further to the right the entire line
was engage<l, particularly Howard. In from nf the
Army of the Cumberland, heavy tiring and skiruiish-
ing occ^urred all day. About tive p. in. Stevenson's
and Stewart's Divisions made a fierce attack for posi-
tion, but were repulsed with heavy loss, some regiments
being nearly annihilated. The heavy artillery tiring
was a marked feature of the battles at Kesaca. During
the night Johnston withdrew his army across the
Oostenaula, aiidOn the lOtli Sherman's entered Resaca,
and pre])ared to pursue the enemy. But pontoon
bridges had to be laid and this caused some delay.
The Army of the Tennessee crossed at Lay's Feriy and
Howard's Corps at Resaca. The Army of the Cum-
berland followed.

The One Hundred and Fourth here received the
knai)sacks left at Snake Creek Cap and which had
been left behind when the Regiment advanced. Cross-
ing on the 17th with the rest of the army, the Regi-
ment marched on over very muddy roads, during the
day passing through Calhoun. The combined armies
adA'anced in the following order: Palmer following
Howard; Hooker on the left; the Army of the Ohio to
his left; McPherson on the right, supported by Gar-
rard's Cavalry; Stoneman's Cavalry on the extreme
left. General Howard met with opposition early and
fought all day, the rebels retiring from one position
to another and watching for an opportunity to gain
an advantage, but at night Johnston concluded to
retreat further. It had been Genral Shrman's object
to bring Johnston to battle north of the Etowah River

tot THE ONE HVNDHED AND FOURTH

or iiiakf liiiii tfivv up Koiiit- ••!• AlIattKUia, tlu-nfuie
Ihivin' irivisioii was start. -.1 f.»r tin* f«>riMci- jilatf.

till iIm* iNth tlu' nn»v«iinMit was <MHitimH'«l l»y all the
ariiiit*K, ilu* (Mm- lhi!uli«-«l aii<l r<nntli iiiairliiii;: tttwuid
A«laii>vill.-. biv.Miarkiii;; at iii;:lit tw«» iiiiUs fioiu that
plait- an. I ilin*«- mil.-s fi-..iii Kiii<:st.m. Oii the l!Mh the
Kruiiii.-iit r.-a. ImmI Kiii;:st<ni alxnit !i»>«»ii. This place
was r.iiiii.l t.» Im' fiitii.-lv <l.-s«'it<M| liy tin* iiialc pojiula-
tioii. The KtrtH'ts were full of all Uimls .>f ;:.».mIs whi.h
tlir fMsipIr ha.l att.MHptf.l to i-.iiiMV.-. Whil.' .atiiij;
iliiin.T «>ii tin- banks .if a liin' . r.-.U liiitij,' l».';;aii in iIm-
fnuit. iii.li.atiii;; that tli.- .mk-iiiv was iicaf. Th.' I{r;ii-
liifiit s.Hiu afl.T luai.lM-.l to a lni.li:.* .>ii tin* l^t<twah,
f.iur iiiih'S southwest of tin* town. Tin' lii-iiij,^ was upnii
Stanl.'v's Division, whi.h lc«l lii.' a.lvan.-.' in tin- • iii-
t.T. hut picssin^r foiwai.l the hattcry f.'t i.'at.'.j. ;iinl
Staiih'V. ;:oinji f«>ui- inih-s fuitlit'i- luft the .in'iny a.l-
van.in;; in stnui;; f.»i.-.* in liii»* <if hat tic lloNNai.l's
< 'orps was .Ic|iI.»\.mI ami ili** .'H.-iiiy halt<'<l. Inn um.I.'I*
a vi;;.»r.»us aitilh-fy lif.- tlicir liist line fell hark an. I
ll.»\\ ar.l .•«■. iipi.Ml t h.* posit ion and k.-|)t n|> skiiMiiishiiii;
until .lark. Nook. m* .-am.* up in th.' lu.'antiiu.-. During;
thf .lay th.' latt.-r ha.l Immmi .Mi^ia^rtMl on llio roa.l to ( 'ass-
viih*. w h.'i'.* a|ip.-aran.-.'s indi.ai.W ili:ii J.thnstoii
u.Mil.l ;.'iv.' t h.' hatt I.'. In ant i(i|»at ion (»f this (icncral
Shcrnian ..•n.-.'iit rat.-tl his arnii.-s. lint .lohnst.ui .Inr-
in;; the ni;.'lit rr.»ss.'.| th.* I^towah with all .>f his inat.*-
rial ami r.Mr.'al.'.l to th.' str.ui^ .l.'f.Mises of Allat.»oiia
Pans, lie ha.l h.-.-n r.'inforc.Ml hy I'r.-nch's Division
an<l wais a.lvis.'.l hy llar.l.'.' tt» ti;:ht, hut .hos.- th.*
w is«T .-ours.', as Sh.'rinan c.Mihl hav.' h.'at.Mi him at
raiHMvine. (icni'i'sil Davis .In rini,' th.'s.- op.'rations .ap-
tuffMl Home with a h»ss <»f loO men. ami with it th.'
r.'iM'l ma. him- shops ami ir.ui wtuks, also \ast amounts
of r. it Ion. .'tc, of ;:r.'at vain.* t.i t h.- rch.'ls.

Tli.' On.' Ilumlr.'.l an. I l-'.uirth mar. h.-.l on ili«- L'iMJi
!•• a |Miint .in th.' railroa.l f<»ur mii.'s from Kin^rst.m,
wh.-n- it r.'inain.'.l until th.' U.'M. to .-nj.ty a mu.-h
ikmiIimI r.'sl ami t.» pr.'par.- for th.- n.'\t movcm.-nt,
whi.-li wan ilk.-ly to 1m- l<.n.^' :iii.| ar.luoMs wiili pl<-ntv

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 207

of fi«>litiiiji-. Diiriiiji- the halt all siiiplus baggage was
sdit to rhattaiio(>ga in chai-gc of Slu'nium J.^land.-
The regimental wagon was taken away and the Col-
onel and Adjntant carried necessary papers in their
hats or pockets. The same stripping process was
enfcu'ced thronghout the army, the value of which
ai)peared later on. The whole army was now halti^l
on the line of the EtoAvah waiting for the )-epaiis on
the railroad to be completed. This was accomplished
by the 24th, and cars loaded with supplies reached
Kingston. Many rei)orts were brought in by negroes
that Johnston's army was greatly demoralized by con-
stant retreating and the failure to turn our think at
lleseca. From the beginning of the campaign the
southern ])apei's and peoi»le had predicted great things
of (leneral Johnston, and as he withdrew from one
position to another, said that he was' only drawing-
Sherman on and when the time came would destroy
or capture the wlude "Yankee Army." In these hopes
they had the synn)athy of their northern friends, the
Co])]»ei'lieads. That had been the talk, but, of course,
their intelligent leaders knew better, and Johnston
knew Sherman too well to delude himself. lie could
simply avert the evil day that was to close down in
darkness over the Confederacy. Therefore he pursued
the only wise course by which he could save his army
and by it served the rebel cause best.

On the 20th General Sherman issued orders for his
combined armies to move on the 23d. He did not pro-
])Ose to attack Johnston at the strong Allatoona Pass,
but turn it by moving on Marietta via Dallas. This
would oblige the enemy to come out and fight or again
retreat. The Army of the Cnmberland was, as usual,
the central column and marched for Dallas via the
Euharlee A'alley and Stilesboro. Davis marched from
Kome. The Army of the Ohio was on the left of Thomas
and directed toward Burnt IIick<u\v. Mcl*lierson kept
on the right. All were to concentrate at Dallas. The
country to be passed over was wild, away from the
railroad, and therefore rations for twenty days were

SM THK <•.%». Ml M'Kl.l' AM> F<»IUTH

iiik«*n aluii;; in tin* \vaj:<»ns. Tin* (Mh* Iluiidn'd ami
r«»urili Irfl tamp at i'i;:lii a. m. »»n the -.M, and iroinj;
T«»iir iiiili*»< down tin* riv«*r rrosKinl by wjuliii;^. ihtii
iiiairliiMl alioiii livf iiiilt's and i-anipcd iirai* KiiliarliM-

< "t*t*»'k. .\I»< '«Mik*s 1 H\ isioiis of «avall\V, wliicli plrrrdrd
'riuMiias, fmiiid I In* tiuMiiv in ftHMM* and k«*pl up skir
inihliiiiu until ni;.dil- Tin* march was n'siiiniMl on th<'
l'4lh toward Itnrnt llirkorv and skinnishint: (ontin-
u«mI. (iarrards TaxalrN «tn the i*.\tnMn«* ri^liJ nn is

attiM-kcd tlurin;: th«* day by Hales' IMvision of infantry,
of llairihi'V < 'orps. Itnt at ni;^ht llnrni lliik»»i-y wis
orrnpied l»v 1 h«' I'ouilh and Tu eiit id h < urps. The

< Mie I InndnHl and l^Miirt h adxancin^ t hi'<M> inih's rross('<l
|{arro«in ('reek and rainpfd.

'rh«* armies \n ere now w ell on i he w ay lo I Jalhis and
the motive of Sherman's ad\an»e l»ci ainc a|ipMiint !<•
dohnstoii, who also saw in it a inenaee to .Marieii;i and
Atlanta. Il«* tlMMefoie hastened to make what resist-
am«' in* lonld. ih\ the L*r»t h the advame was rontin-
m^I with llookfr's ("orps aln-ad in the <enter. l)nt his
thriH? divisions w»if on separate roads, anti as he
ii|ipi'oarhiMl I'mapkin \'ine('reek, he fonnd the ln'id^e
aeioss iIh* stream defended by the ('inMny's ravalrv.
<Jeary*s IMxision dro\e it awav and inirsncd beyond
foni* miles near to ,\ pjare (ailed "New llojte." from a
rlinrrh of that nann-. hesii-jn^; to seiiire tlie roids
here, whirh were important. Sherman directed lloida-r
to make the attempt. This bion^iht on a brisk en^M^e-
inent beiw«i'n (Jeary's IMvisioii and a heavy forre of
the eneniv whirl) had eome from Allatooiia. Hooker's
hiviKions of Ward ami Ibit teiliehl arriv«'d on thesrene
and Ihe ronlest was prohmi^ed into the nii;ht, without
any derisive result. The Onr Ihimlred :ind I'ourth,
with t'arlin's nri;,'ade. remaimtl in i;im|t diirini: i he
-r»th, and until one a. m. (»f the next inoinin;:. Hn the
•Jtlih the Ke^inieiif mairhin;;: out on the Murnt lli» kory
Itoad erossed the Pumpkin \'ine and took position <in
the eant Hide about three miles from Dallas. TIn'dawn
of iliiy rcvejUed to Sherman the fart that .I«dinslon
with IiIh army slt»od arross his line ..f mairh protected

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 209

by heavy iutreiicliineiits. He was therefore reduced
to the choice of assaulting in front or of maneuvering
so as to outflank Johnston and either compel him to
retreat or fight on ground more advantageous to his
own army. The conditions were very similar to those
that had existed at Dalton and Resaca, and it seemed
probable that Johnstcm would pursue his usual policy
of what his friends called grand strategy until he got
Sherman where he wanted him. General Sherman
had a humane and great aversion to having his sol-
diers butchered in assaults which might fail when the
result aimed at could be acctmiplished with less sac-
rifice of human life. However, ready to seize either
horn of the dilemma, he proceeded at once, on survey-
ing and grasping the situation, to make dispositions
of his forces calculated to bring matters to a speedy
conclusion. To this end McPherson closed in on Dallas.
Hooker held his position intrenched and was supported
on the left by the Fourth Corps. Schofield closed in
on Thomas. I>avi,s- Division was within three miles.
Baird's and Johnston's had been delayed, but were
approaching rapidly. The last few days of May were
spent in concentrating before Johnston's lines and
heavy skirmishing was maintained day and night
everywhere uith an occasional vigorous attack, when
heavy losses usually occurred to the attacking party.
General Sherman kept extending his lines further to
the left so as to reach and attack the right flank of
the enemy. This policy led him nearer the railroad
and his present objective, Ackworth, about eight miles
distant. McPherson was ordered to leave Dallas, and
close in on Hooker, but before he could do so was
heavily attacked on the 28th, however, repulsing the
enemy and inflicting great loss. It was June 1st before
he effected a junction with Hooker. On the 27th the
One Hundred and Fourth was moved in conformity
with the Brigade and the general advance, to a point
on Pumpkin Vine near Pickett's Mills and took posi-
tion on a ridge. On the 28th the Regiment was formed
early on the side of a wooded hill one-fourth of a mile

ji» THK u.NK nrM»m:i' am> fmi uth

ill iuivaiit«' of tilt* laiiip ami was .ii^iajitMl all »lay. t ln»
♦•lu'iiiv al oiif tiiiu' atlvaminji wiili infantry an»l rav-
ailry. Iml tlu\v wen* proiuiiily Wiivm !»ark with 1»»sk.
Tli»- l{«'y:iiinMit th«*ii ihit'W ii|» woiks. I»nt was f\|tos»Ml
all ilay to a scvm* Iii«* fr<»ni tin* top of tin- hill. Tlu'
lirinj; was krjit ii|> all ni^hi ln*if an*l all ah>n;; tin- liiu*.
Tlu* On*' 1IihuIi«mI an<l F«Mirth ni«-i with im .asiialtirs.
Johnston's lHvision lM*hl tin- fXii«iin' l«-ff ai iIm- iinit».
Tin* -l»th \\as sptMit in skifmishiii;: an»l siTiiriii;^ |Misi-
tions n«*ar«T tin* cntMnv, whilt' SiD-niian lai<l linn hoM
liu all roads in tin* tlini-tion of Arkworth mikI sent
Htoiifinan ami <iarfanl with tin* «avali-\ to sii/,.- Alla-
ttxma. Thns y^radually In* was ov«M-lap|iin<; ami rxtrml-
in^ his lint's hrvond .iohiision's riuhl ami iMM-ami' imlif-
friiMit as to .lohnston's jtosition at Neu I |u|k* ( 'lnii«h,
ft»r tlu» stron;; Allal«Mina N\as sun* to In- lii> Tin* (>u«?
Ilnndn^d ami I'oni-ih was uiih'tftl <iii iIh- i'.iMli to
a«lvanr«* its skii-niislnM-s to tin* to|» ol iIh- hill. This
was «|om* ami thr hill taken. Iiiit tin' lines on the left
fulliii); bark coniijelletl the ( >ne llnmlietl ami Fourth
men to retife als«i. ( >m* rasualty ocnin <•.!. .jjinies t ',
Sehoonover, of ('onijtany K. hein;; inoitallv NNoinided.
About si.\ p. m. a pail of llooil's « oips attarked in
front of the whole Hfij^ath*, but ut-r*- uhi with a spii--
it«Ml lin* ami fell bark with a heavy loss, leaviui: the
4l<*a(l ami woumled in our fioni.

June 1st ami LM .M«I*herson aiiived. aii<l the Twen-
tieth ('orjis moved to tin* left of .lohnsion's division,
whirh had Indd the e.xtreine left. tMher divisions also
moved in that direction, ami Hooker. Srlndield ami
Itaird, advam-iii;;, dr(»ve the enemy's lines furt her away.
The One Hundred and I'ourth foiiufil a part of a skir-
mish line uhirh ailxanred al two p. m. to take the

ridp* or hill from whirh the rebi-ls had I n keeping;

np a constant tire on our lines. The rhar;:e was ^mI-
lantly made ami the hill capturt'd; ihr Ke^iment then
drove the enemy across a lield. In ihe char;:!' Jacob
1*. Hnrd, of rnmpany H. was morially wounded;
Darius U Trask, of rompany I. woimdi-d. The fo«*
hein;; protected b\ Works oil the hill, it was a maii«'r

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 211

-of siirpris*' that the (•asuMlri«'s \v«M-e not ^nvitcr. At
six p. 111. the Kei^iinciit was r('li(*v<Ml by oiic tn»ni Haird's
Divisiou aiid took position on Brown's Mill Creek. On
Jnne 3d the One Hundred and Fourth with the Eiglity-
■eijj;hth Indiana were sent to tln' left of Baird and formed
on the front line and rcinaiiKMJ there eniiajned in skir-
nii.shinj:;' until June 4:th, when thev rejoined the Brij;ade.

From May 23d the movements and fighting of the
Kegiment had been within the line of operations com-
prehendiMl by the territory adjacent to Dallas, Pump-
kin Vine Creek and New lIo])e Church, and was nearly
continuous for two weeks, the men lying on their arms
night and day, being frequently aroused to repel or
make a charge. They suffered greatly from cold, wet
and hunger, but endured all without murmuring and
were in the best of spirits.

On the night of June 4th Johnston evacuated his
position and retired toward Kenesaw Mountain. Gen-
eral Sherman's armies immediately advanced to Ack-
worth, thence to Big Shanty on June lOtli. From the
latter place a good view was had of the rebel forces on
their mountain fortress. McPherson's army was shifted
to the left; Thomas on the right and Schotield to his
right. The railroad was repaired to the skirmish lines
in front of Kenesaw and supplies brought to Big
Shanty. Allatoona was fortified strongly and made a
base of supplies. On the 8th General Blair arrived
at Ackworth with the two divisions of the Seventeenth
Corps, about nine thousand men.

Thus had closed practically in May the first part
of the campaign. The army had marched and fought
over a rough mountain country for nearly one hun-
dred miles, with an aggregate loss in the three com-
mands and the cavalry of 9,299 men in killed, wounded
and missing. Blair's Corps replaced this loss. John-
ston's loss, as given by him, was in killed and wounded,
5,392 men. He did not give the number of the missing.
Prior to reaching Cassville, Johnston ha<l been rein-
forced by 21,(500 men, which made his total since leav-
ing Dalton about ()6,000 men. Therefore, in round num-

m THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

ben*, lit- had ai N<'\\ ll<'i"- «liuirli tid.iMKt. whirli was
not diTiraMMl w Immi Ii«- f»ll l»at k on Kmcsaw. If tlu'
KMUllirrii |n-ii|»lr who \\ai«ln-<l tin* raini>ai;:ii with «'a;r«'r-
in«K*i \v»T«* KiitistitMl Willi till' sti-atfgy of .lohnstoii, that
«;avi* UK inn* simii;; |Misiti<iii aft«T ani>th«T. whith ha«l
Imimi ih-i'iiH'tl iiii|in';:iial»lr. aii*l I In* loss «if itiic huii<ti-tMl
iiiiirs nf i»'rrll<n\v in tin* Kiii|»ir«- Staitt* of tin* Stmtlu
t«>;,'t*th»*r with tin* i»i«*st i};«* «»f virtory, (i»*iu*ral SImt-
niaii, his army ami tin* North ha<l no i'i;;ht to coniiilain.
'riif luavi- ami laimiiicil Sfr;;<*ant llfUiy K. I'lirt*,
of Company I> (afinwaitl Uiijrd at IN-at h Tir** ( 'n*cki.
writing; from Hij.' Shanty on .Fiim- lUth, sjiys in n*^ard
to this (-am|>ai;:n: "1 would hav«* written soonci*. hut
had no |»a|M*r or t*n\t*|o|M*s (nor toluicco). I cnu irivf
vttu no init*lli;:i*nt a<<ount of our mo>«*unnts, for \\»*
have marrhrd in «-\t*r\ ima*;:inabh* dirr<-i ion, and
toward «*v«*ry poiMt of iln* rompass. W <• li;i\f b«M'n
most fortunat** as a llc^iimrnt sim«* wt* left K<*sara, as
ind«M*«l w«* w<*r»* in iIh* hatth*, for, thou;j[h w«* liavt*
iMi-n und«*r lire a ;;r«*at dal, our loss«*s \\«*r«* rompara-
tivtdy small. \\'<* w«'r<* on the tirst and skirmish linrs
in tin* Allatoona Hills for iiiauv rousreutiv** days ami
iii;;lits. Tin* Third l{ri;,Mdf sulT«'r«*d lM*a\ily thrrr, and
w«* w«*r«* w«*ll slicjlt'd. Tin* rfhcls had \«'ry si r<»u;; \n oiks
around New llopt-, liuili l»\ ilit- (l«'orjiia Miliiia and
ni*;;ro»-rs. hut Slii*rman woikrd artuiud till tlu*y had to
Ii;:ht out just as ili«*y did at Ki*sa(-a. A woman in om*
of tin* hous«*s after the *.I<diiini<'* h-fi, said: *It was
too had. aflt-r their \\\*-i\ had worked so hard al the
!)r«*aKt Works. Hooker and auoijii-i- re;;iuieut ;::oi to
shootin;: ri;:lit in the end of ihfui and they had to
|ea\e.' W hile in those hills, there were a ;;real many
Kayin;;s aiirihiited to the reltels. and more than I will
voneh for. une was that a juisouer taken l»\ <»iir men
had ai'i|nired a \er\ ronsideialde icvpci i for ihc way
our !_'enerals were riowdin^ lhin;;s. and his way <»f
manifesting: it was hy sayiiij: that <irant and Sherman
on;;lit to ^ei oh a hi;:li hill ami ;:i\'e iIh- rniiiinniid :
'Atleniion, ereaiion. l»y kinjidoms rij^hi wiieell' It
HO happeneil that our wlioh-army was doiiij: thai very

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 213

tiling at the time, making a right wheel on a fixed
pivot, and the story took well. The regular Brigade
lies in our front and a steady skirmish tire is going
on. We have something more than twelve pounders
with us, for guns of larger calibre are pounding away
at the enemy on our left. We have nothing at all with
us in the shape of baggage and officers carry theirs
the same as the men. The cars now run into Big
■Shanty."

fllAl'TKiC XI \

Th*" B«ill«-ii Aroumi K<'nt»HW Mountain— Johnston's Withdrawal
lit-yond the t'httttahtK>ch«H>— Battle of Peach Tree Creek— Bat-
tle of Atlanta.

t Hi .hiiif HMli ShfriiKiii's nniiirs ;»j:;iiii iii<»\i'«l fi.r-
\\ai«l. S. huIii'M nil I he ii;.'lil. Tin •mas in t li«- t«'iu«M', and
Mrl'lM-ismi (111 I In- Irft. .loliiistmrs |M»siiiun ttiviMMMl a
fnuit of Koiiic tWflvr milrs, fnmi Lost .Mountiuii on his
Ifft to KfiM'saw Oil his lijrht. H«'t\vr«Mi thosf was IMue
Mo<i:itaiii. Th*- ^mouimI in his front was roii«:h, tiin-
lirrnl, and rovrnMl with all nianinM* of ohsti ii»i i«»ns
Hi- h«dd a liiu- of j^rrat natnial sir«Mij:^th. and In* had
adth'd to I his hy rxtrnsivt* lines of w«nks, a matter he
n«-v«-r in-«:hMird. It had rained most of tin* time since
.Inne 1st. and what roads there were eoiild mu he
used. Itnt the army consi riii le.l lis own r<»ails
and ttiiled sh»\\ly aloni; up lo ihc Itase of Kem-saw.
The Uiic llnndred and I'oiirih iiiai<h.d mi iIh- KMh
to a point beyond W'l'^ Shanty and camped in the mutl.
The llih and TJih were so rainy that \er\ liiile luuld
he doiH'. Thf lletiinieiit was nioxfij nine or t wice a
half mile in the left and nearer ilie cmniy. (Mi the
14lh the rain havin;: slackened up the lin.-s were
advam-ed a mile and a half and works thrown u|i for
tell miles. Hn this day the rehel (o-neral Polk was
kille<l by a shot from om* <»f our halieries which was
]dayiii;: on rim* .Mountain, nm* of our si<;nal olhters
who had lejiriied the rebel si;:iial k«'V, ascertained the
fact, (ieiieral Sherman ordered the armies !«• advance
on the ir»th. whirh beiii;; doin- it was discovered that
.Tohnsion had shoriene(l his lines b\ evacuating; IMne
Mountain, lie thereby aided Thomas and Schoficld
jireatly in i he line nf t heir ad\ am »•. nur left was well
exieiifletl ;irouinl K<iiesaw . 1 1 « ' w ;i ]• !'*> < "ofps III ad\;inc-

REGIMENT IT^LINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 215-

ing- the lines liad a brisk fight but drove the enemy
from their intrenched skirmish line and into their
works. The One Hundred and Fourth not long before
was obliged to i>art with a valuable officer in the per-
son of Captain Leighton, whose wound, received at
Chickamauga, had become so bad as to compel him
to leave for the hosi>ital at Nashville. On the 16th
the Regiment and Brigade were ordered to relieve the
Second Brigade, having done which it advanced, skir-
mishing some six Imndrod yards and threw up breast-
works. On the 17th the One Hundred and Fourth
advanced lialf a mile, driving the en<MMy's skirmish-
ers with Companies A, E and F, Major \\'idmer in
charge. No casualties occurred. It then lu'ld the posi-
tion gained. The operations on other parts of the line
resulted in driving the rebels across Miid Creek. Dur-
ing the niglit the enemy attempted to regain the posi-
tion, but was rejMilsed. On the 18th the Kegiment
again advanced and skirmishing drove the rebels into
their works. In this charge Corporal James Logan, of
Company C, was killed. Captain O. M. Southwell and
Edwin S. ]\Ioore, of Com]>any II, were severely wounded.
During the <iay Cenerals Wood and Xewton, of the
Fourth Cor])s, suri)rise<l the enemy and secured an
important part of his main line and intrenched. In
the night Johnston withdrew from the portion still
held, thereby preventing an intended assault by our
forces on the 19th. At seven a. m. of the 10th the One
Hundred and Fourth was moved to the front of and
base of Kenesaw, against which the Fourteenth Corps
now pressed closely. Johnston had further contracted
his lines. Kcnesavr was the salient of his army with
tlic wings drawn back so as to cover Marietta and the
rear toward Atlanta. The line was of immense
strength and it was to be tested whether Johnston
could maintain it or would retreat before his wily
antagonist'. Oeneral Sherman meantime kept pushing
his lines clctser to those of the enemy, ready to assault
and tight when anything could be gained, and he also
did not neglect his favorite game of playing around

tl« THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

till* tlaiiks aii«l Irving !•> rrarh tht* (-oiiiiiiiiniraiions of
hiH ciiiMiiv. Oil the L'Oih ilic (Mil* lluiwInMi aii<l Fourth
iiiovimI Im tlu* ri<;lil and n*li»*viMl soinr tioops of (he
Koiirih t'orps. I hiring lh«* L'lsi an. I I'lM th«' K«*;iiiiu'nt
was i-hiKf up to thi* I't'lM'l \vi»rks aii<l MiltjirttMl to a ttT-
ritic lin» of arlilhTv and nnisk«'trv. .I'llm A. <'«H)k, of
i'onipaiiv <\ was niortallv \vouii(l«<| ; Sit^^'jiim (mmit^^c
l^iiiiniiiis, «>f < 'onipaiiv 1^, ami W illi;iiii I'. N«*wroiiih, of
(.Vuiipaiiv I), w»Tc \\oiiiiil«'<l. Thr liiiii;^ \Nas hravv and
eoniinnoiis all of tin* liLM ou ih«- w hoh- jiur. Tin* ivhel
left, r»Miiforr«Ml bv Hood's Torps. w !ii< ji had toiin' from
tlu* rl^dit, assaiiltt'd llook«T li»'ir«*l v. liiii afi«'r srv<Tul
assaults withdicw with ln-avv loss. <)ur artilln-y, as
Johnston adiniltcd, inowfd down Hood's rohimns l»y
huudi'<*ds. ( i •Ml* Ma I Shcrniaii now d«M<'i-iniii«'d t«i attack
the rfb«d rt-nit'i- and nainrd tin* 'JTili for the assault,
whifli was lo Im' mad** l>y troo|»s of 'riiomjis and
Mrl'lu'ison. At niin* a. in., tin* tinn- xi, amidst the
roar of tanmm ami musket tv alonu: the line of tea
miles, the divisions of Davis and Nt'Wton l»*apin^' over
tln'ir w«»i'ks, moved forwaid. Tin' dislam** to the i*ehel
works was ahoiit si.\ hundred yards ami the ;;ronml
to In* travers»*d lou^h, stony ami st«'»*p. I'mh-r a ter-
rilif tire Djivis' l»ri;;ades advamtd to iIh- \«ry |»ara-
p«'t.s, hut lu'ini; unalde to tak** llicm lialifd nndfi- the
relM'l ;:uns, and <*<|ually unaldr to retreat, staid tln-re
uml ilir«*w up intrrnchments within a few yards of
the •*m*my. N«'Wton met with l«'ss surr«*ss owin;j; to t he
obstrm-iions. .M< I'luisou ai Liiil<' Kcn«*saw ctTected
a lod;;uit*ni m-ar the memy's wi»rks, hut mnld m»t take
th»*m. <hir losses were hravy. Tlionias losing: about
two thousand ami .Mcl'lM-rson !i\t' liundi<'<l. < rcnerjil
Marker was moi*tally w unndt'd. also many oi ht-i- ofht-ers.
Ifowevi'i-, Scliofidd bad ini|»ro\cd I In* <»ppoii unity |>re-
K«Mit«*d and f(T«'»t«*d I In* rrossiiij; t»f ( MIey's ( 'r«'«'k. when
h«* «*st ablisht'd bis roips in a position tliat impi'rile«l
•lohnKton'H rear. <liin-ral Slu'iinan. iir»'d of costly
aMMaiultH, prepar«'d nioi-.- flankin;: movi-ments.

Th«* On»' llnndr«*d and I'ourib on tlie «'V«'nini: of
tin* L'Tib. i«-lii-\»'d p;iit of ill.' Scc.ind Uriuadt* on tli<*

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 217

front line and was about three hundred yards from
tlie rebel works. IMenty of dead rebels lay in their
front. Serj'c'aut Sidney ^^ Arnold, of Company A, was
wounded in the foot. The lie^iment remained here
until July '2d, when Serj^cant Henry K. Price was
wounded. In the afternoon it moved a short distance
and threw up works. General Carlin receiving;- a hnive
of al)sence, Colonel A. (i. McCook assumed eommaud
of the Brij^ade. On the 3d, the rc^bels were found to be
gone from the front and the Regiment, marching at
7:30 on the Marietta road, advanced four miles,
beyond Marietta and was again confronted with the
enemy behind strong works. It was now about ten
miles to the Chattahoochee Kiver. On the 2d
McPherson passed his army and cavalry to the right
to tiauk Johnston. The latter very promptly, if not
courteously, withdrew from all his huge fortitications
on the Kenesaw line on the 3d, going to the river
July 4th the One Hundred and Fourth was engaged
in heavy skirmishing all day in front of the enemy's
works. Meantime Sherman had pursued rapidly, but
found Johnston's front eyervwhere fortitied His
object, however, was to hold back our army until his
own was sure of a safe passage across the deep Chat-
tahoochee. Beyond that river vast fortiiications
crowned every hill top to Atlanta, ten miles distant.
When the astute rebel general perceived the scope of
McPherson's movement he knew that our army could
get below him at Marietta, or even cross the river. He
had to fight in assault the strongly intrenched army
under Thomas, or run to save Atlanta. He chose the
latter.

On the 5th the One Hundred and Fourth and Fif-
teenth Kentucky advanced in reconuoissance toward
the rebel works, but found them vacant ; the enemy was
again retreating and the regiments following. Captain
Proctor, with Company I, captured eleven prisoners.
The pursuit here was continued for two and a half miles
when the Regiment suddenly found the enemy in-
trenched about two miles from the river. Skirmish-

OS THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

iuj; lli»M> Ik'^jmi ;iu«1 la>l»-<l ln-avilv \intil cvriiiii;:, \\\u-n
tin* < Mif lhiii*lr«Ml aiitl l'<»iirt li, lu'iny irlii-vrtl. iiiovi<l
bmk ii kIhum ilisiaiirt'. <HMH'ral .lolmstMH having fall«*u
bark to hi« liiu* in ihe \all«\ of \hv ( "hattaho(K-li«*i',
SlKTiiiaii pnrsuiii;: vi«;<»ioiislv. plantctl <;«Mi«Tal
Thoiiiiis ill fiiiiit with liis aiiii.\ of ih.- < iiiiilMMlaiKl.
SrhoIii'M au<l MrlMn-isoii iiimv«m| h» tin- li^lit il«>\vii llie
rivrr i«Mi mill's. whil«* ili«* ilashiii*:: <ii'iu*rai SloiK*iiiau
w««in still fiirtluT liflou to S;iiulli»\vii. <Jari-anrs Cay-
alr\ iiiitxiii;: "ji tin* livi-r «'i;;liif«'ii !iiil«*s caiiliirjMJ Koss-
w«'ll aii«l tin* riossiiiiis tlH'ir. It was suppostMl tliat
.loliiistoii \\tnil«l t'St'Vi liiins«'lf to tin* utiiiosi to |u«*\«*tit
tin* National Aniiv fiom nussiii^ t li«' < 'liattalio(nhef,
hihI it woiiM si-tMii lliai In- oii^'lit lo Iki\<' <lom» so, but
it a|»|K>ais that In* ii';:ar<li-<l his imIht lines a litth'
fiifthiT bark oil IN'ach 'l'v*'t- ( 'irck. and the ininirns«*
fort ilii-at ions of Atlanta it sol fas iin|Hr^Mial»h' to assault
in fi'tiiit, whilo invostincnt of that fa moil rity ho t honHrlit
impossilili*. l'rolial»l\ hi- iliM-iih-il that Shoinian
woiihl also Im- unabli' to ^o aronml Atlanta ami
stMi-r all of his rommnniralions with tin* n-st of tho
CoiifiMlcfaiy. ll<- iiiisralciilaiiMl ihi* stfoiijrth of Shor-
ni ail's annios also. I tut it was iliMiMinini'il that At la lit a,
a plari' of tho most \iial importami- to tho vim\v oxisi-
onri* of tin- ( 'oiifiMlfi-aiN , mnst In* savi-tl fi-om tho in-
vailof. Ihmh-.- tin- <russin^ of the ii\«T \\;i^ «;ii<»'ly
dispiitoil.

( >n I III- !»i h i low Mill's ( 'orps iiossnl ai raircs I'tirv
ami fonml ii ih-fi-mli-il by only a small i:nanl. Now-
toiTs I>i\ision ami l)oi|;:i''s ( 'oips itossimI ai Kosswoll.
Thomas ilomonst raii*)l in front mrantiim-. Tho < Mio
Ilnmlroil ami I'oniih was i'n;;a;ji'il on tin* skirmish lino
ami with t III- nri;:aili-. ailvami-il to tin- lirst liiii' of irbil
ritio pits, whirh tln-y ra|itiiroil. In this aiham-o John
a. I h*bo|t, of ( 'ompiiny II. was nioi-ially woinnlnl. Not
boin;: siippoiiiMl tin* lii-^inifnt hail to fall bark. l>nr-
in;: tho ni^'hi .Johnston wiilnlirw his army arross tho
< 'hatlaliourhiM'. bnriiin;^ ihi- britl;xos. Thus rlosi'«l
aiiothiM- i-ra in tin- hisiorx nf ihi* rampai;;!! bi'^nm two
months bi-foif ami it inil«<l in snr«rss. with a promise

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 219-

of final triuiiipli for the armies of the Union sometime
in the future. Sherman's k)sses in killed, wounded and
missing, from June 1st to July 3d, aggregated 7,580
men. The Army of the Cumberland lost 5,531. The
Army of the Tennessee, 1,334. The Army of the Ohio,
665. (reneral Johnston made his losses in killed and
wounded 3,048 men. Ilis missing, prisoners not given,
amounted to 2,000. The June campaign had been car-
ried on un<ler greater difficult i<*s than the one in May.
It had rained uearly every <lay, rendering movements
slow and difficult. From the 10th of June to the 9th
of July some part or all of the armies had been under
fire constantly by day and frequently all night. The
month had been one of severest trial, hardship and
danger, yet amidst all the armies of the Union had
pressed forward in the full confidence of victory, and
when at last they beheld in the distance the spires
of Atlanta, there Avas a greater desire than ever to
press forward and capture the prize, and destroy, if
possible, the last and only great rebel army south of
Richmond.

General Sherman, having forced Johnston back to
the defenses of Atlanta, began at once to prepare for
the advance on that city. This was the more impor-
tant, as it was not improbable as indicated by General
Grant, that reinforcements would be sent from Virginia
and from other points, in the endeavor to hold a place
of so great value to the Confederac}^ Therefore, from
the l()tli to the 17th of July new bridges were prepared,
McPherson's army was transferred up the river to
Rosswell, and Palmer's and Hooker's Corps were ready
to cross at Paice's Ferry. Garrard's Cavalry Avas sent
to the left, and Stoneman's and McCook's down the
river to the right. On the 17th of July the movement
was begun. McPherson, crossing at Rosswell, marched
toward Stone Mountain, Schofield toAvard Cross Keys,
and Thomas on the right toAvard Buckliead, the latter
facing Peach Tree Creek and camping that night on
Nancy's Creek. The enemy's skirmishers retired Avith
little opposition. The One Hundred and Fourth occu-

sal THE ONE HL'NDRED AND FOURTH

|>U*<i ai |Hisitiuii aboiii om- iiiil<- Ih-voikI tin* ri\«'i-. Tin'
liiuviMiiiMit wais a ;;iaii.l li^lii w Ihm-| wiili tin- r<Mn-
ttM-iiili i 'oi|iN as a pivMi. ( Ml «lu- l>«li < itiuial SInMiiian
ItNiriiiHl fnnii mw <»f his sjiirs. wlm lia«l conn* fnua
Allaiilii. thai <i«*ij«Tal II«».m| was i hi'ii ronmiaiHhM- itt
thf n'hfl aniiv in plarc <»f .lohiision, having siutiMMltHl
him Mil th.- ITih. This iiM-aiit lliat a in-w polirv wjih
tit \tv iiiau;:mjilr(| hv lh«- n-ln-l h-ath-rs. uin- in which
olTfUsivf *i|M*rali*tiis t»f ihr int»si vi^onuis rharat»«*r
ini;;hl hr ••ximmIimI fiMin what was kii<»wiM>f lloml. who.
thi»n;,'h of small aWiliix < ..iii|.ai«Ml wiili .I<>hiisi..ii, was
u lij^hti'i- of It 'I Ml t at io II. t iciMMal Sln-niiaii so roiisi iiumI
it ami wanif«l all of his siil»oi<liiiatcs to he on ih«'ir
;:iiaril. MrlMnTson on ihi- isHi irath«'<| ihi- faiifoa*!
Ufar Stoiu' Mountain, ton- it \\\t ami marrhnl lowanl
Atlanta, at ni;:ht j«»ini!i;; SrhoiicM ai |)<Tatwi'. Th»'
Ainix of 1 hf t 'iimlM'ilamI apitioarlM-il I'rarh Ti«*»*. Tlif
t Mn- iinmli'rd ami I'oiiiih rpossnl Namv's rn-i-k ami
maiiitaiiniii;; a hot skirmish tir«' w iih tin* tiM-mv. di-ovt*
tlifiii ii inih' into ihoir wtuks. ( Mio man was wonmhMl.
Tims faf sim-f nossin^ tin* t 'hat lahooilu-c things
iiad ;;onr so smoothly that tlir hoys ln-uan to s|MMiilat»'
oil t he |ii'os|MM-t *if soon haviiit; a «<^oo<1 1 inn- in Atlanta,
loit it was tin- talm that |H'«MMMh's tin- storm. Many
loH'j; w«'«'ks of maifhini: ami tij^htini; w«'it' <lrstim'ij to
pass away iH-foii- thf fall of th»' "^'lalr t'iiy;*' maii\ a
hravr heart wonhl Immohh' sih-ni in tl<Mili ln-ron- tin-
liapprniii;: of t hat rvt-nt. Tin- shadow > i hat w<i«'soon
to fall n I toll this iiii;:hiy aiiny of on<' huniii'*-i| t hoiisaml
nnMi. wi'if ;:al hriin;: ami h-n;^! hcnin;:. pir^nant with
the Ihiimh-ii hiMtls of hatth* ami iMMiin;: <h-st iini ion
for ihf (Mm- 1 1 iimlt-i'il ami l-'oiii-i h. nn i ho T.M h all t In-
arml"*s w«-rr rhtst-ly iiiiiiod a;;ain ln-foi-c Atlanta, hni
)H»rtions (if ilu- Army of tin- t'nmhorlaml in ffoitt of
l'«*arh Tfoi* foiij^ht thrir way into |iosition across that
«r»i*k iimh-r a spiriti-tl tir«- fioni tin* omMnv. Tin- Hue
lliimlr<*«| ami l-'oiiith lti\onackt-il mi I'l-ach Tr<'»' at
nii:hi. Thr LMMh was a <la\ of hattio on this part of
the lim*. I'airly in tljo mornin;: tho < Mn- llnmlroil ami
I'ioirth. cioNsiii;; Ti-at h Ticc ( ii-.-k at llowdTs Mills

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 22L

aiul inarching about one iiiil<', was foiiiuMl in line of
battle on the tirst line and on the left (►f the I{ri<ia<le,
with the Fifteenth Kentucky, Forty-seeond and Ei<ihty-
ei^lith Indiana on its rij-ht. Williams' Division of the
Twentieth Corps was on the left. The One Hundred
and Fourth was in a<lvance of th<- left <>f the Fifteenth
Kentucky about one hundred and twenty-tive yards,
and separated from it by a deep ravine which ran by
the rijiht of the Ke<j;iment and to the rear. The men
bewail to throw up works, but !iad not made much
jtroiiTess when an order came to desist, it bein<; stated
that the lines would soon advance. The day was
intensely lH>t and all sought the shade of the trees
and buslies awaitinii further orders. Abotit four p. in.
the enemy advance<l ami attacked the Twentieth Corps
and in a few mcunents rushed upon the One Hundred
and Fourth in two lines. The Regiment tired a volley
that sent them back to a ravine, where, forming again,
they adA'anced up the ravine on the rigiit and attacked
the right Hank of the Kegiment, jtouring in a volley
that killed or wounded half of the men in the five right
companies. One of the rebel regiments, ])assing by
the right, attacked the rear of the half-tinished works
on the right and a hand to hand contest ensued in which
every man Avas a hero. Colonel Hapeman ordered
Companies A, B and C, or M'hat was left of them, to
withdraw a little. The other companies, meantime,
maintained their position, while the Fifteenth Ken-
tucky and Forty-second and Eighty-eighth Indiana
formed in vchcJou in the rear, opened a volley that
made the enemy pause. Colonel Hapeman had sent
for aid and the Tenth Wisconsin came to the rescue
on the left, while the Twenty-first Wisconsin formed
on the right. But before the latter arrived the rebels
had been driven back and their colors, which they had
planted on the works of the Regiment, captured. The
first (niset, which had proved so destructive, was the
work of a few moments. The enemy in trying to escape
through the ravine were nearly all either killed,
wounded ^r captured by our men. The enemy had the

SB TMi; I'M: HI .M>JC».i' .\.Ni> j<'1 KTH

iiiipr«*ssioii (lull iIm-n IwuI sinirk iln* ri;:lil think of ilu»
Army of ihc < 'iiiulM*rhtiiil. In I In* ifti«*;ii ili»'\ iciiit»\r«l
iiniKt of tliiMi- (li'iid ami womihIimI, Imi ilu'Oin- lluii<lnHl
aii«l F«»iirili liuriiil rivf wlm luul fallen in <ni«' s|»ui. Tin*
li^lil lasirtl alMiiit an hour, hni was ln'^iin \\\ a sur-
|>riK<*. Tlif Um* lhin*li-f*l ami l-^Ml^lh foljowftl n|* tin*
I'flK'ls willi lli«' ifst of I In* Hri^ath' ami its skiiniish-
vrti «MTUi>i«M| thfir positions of tin* morning. Tin* i«*port
of tlw c ItiMiai of tin* Hii-iath* says, vi<h* Kt*l>. K«*r., \ol.
'A\ I'l. I, p. .'»:>:,': ••Tin* ln*avi»*si of tin* ti;;hl f«*ll on tin*
One llnmli-<*«l ami l;oni-th lllimns, ami that K«*;;inn*nt,
with tin* i«-si of I In- ronimand arinl sph*n«li<ll.\ t hioii^ih-
ont of t In* w hoh* t*n;:a;;»*nn*iit.*' < 'olon«*| 1 lapt-nian says:
"Tin* oMicfr;? ami iin-n lu-haNctl ^alianiiv an<l irniaiin'd
lirnj in iln-ir position. " Tin* icltcl ;nia»k <li<l not rxtt'inl
fiirtln-i- to ill.- ri;:Jii ilcui the lioni ol tin* I'iist Itri-
jia«l«*. h woiihi sciMM that siiMirirni raic had not Imm'H
lakrn l»\ t'ojunrl .Mct'ook, who, in tin* ahscmr of < irn-
»*ral <":ulin. t-oinmami«*il tin* Uii^iath- in jiosiinu th<*
Hc<;iim*nt wln*i«* it was f«)nml by tin' «-n«niy. Tin*
l(»HS(*s w«'i'<* ap])allin;; for so Nuiall a ronimaml ami cast
a shallow of ;:looiii ovn- tin* K«*j:inn*nt. Tln'\ \\«*r«' as
follows: Kiih-d r;ipt;iin l>a\iil < '. Kym-aison, ( 'oni-
paiiy <'; Taptain dtdiii S. 11. holy, ( oinpaiiy K: Scr-
p*aiit nlivfi- I'. Ilai-din;:. ("oMi|tiin\ .\ ; .\lon/.o 11. I, Mr-
kin, < 'onipan\ .\ ; < oi |M>i-;il I'Mward \\ ottlsontroti, t 'niii-
pany U: Sir^^t-ani dtdin Thorson, < 'onii»any < i ; t orporal
Kdward Mnnson. <'onipan.\ <": Washington <i. Taik^r,
Ounpany ( '; Srr;j«*ant llmry I'.. Tilt «*. < 'umpany I ) ; ( 'or-
poral Tlnnnas Hnrnhain, t'onijtany 1>; Mnsician <Mho
liolijiri. < ■.iiiip;in\ I >: Noiinan t iiani. ( ompany I > ; Wil-
liam r». «'oyli-, ("ompany \>: .lohn S. Poucis, ('onipany
I); Trtcr Ihinn. ("ompany I'; dohn .Mri'nilon^h, ('oni-
pany K; dohn W. Aldiott, ('onijiany |]. .Mortally
wotindrd llir;im .\ mh'ison, ( ompany I>: William W.
rilkin;:ton. (ompany 1). Woimdrd ha\id N'arntT,
CompanN .\ ; I'atiirk ( >'! >onn«*l|, ( 'umi>an\ A. woumlrd
and taken prisom-i-: S«'rj,'«'ani William .M. (hamlMTs,
C'4ini|»any 15: Scr^'rant .Mlnri ( '. hassctt. ( 'oinpanv II;
Ilfiirx I' Kohi'^oii. ( '.iiiijKinx I': lliiir\ \\ iiiffrsrin-idt,

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 223

Coinpaiiy B; Siduey W. liurj^ews, Company 1>; (lustavus
Petei-HOii, Coniptuiy B; Moiis Olson, Company B; Ste-
phen II. Patterson, Company B; Lient«Miant Thomas
Clark, Company I), severely; Ser^vant -lohn T. Post,
Company D, in the head; Corporal Lewis K. lliUton,
Com])any D, severely in the head and ri<»ht lej>; John
Shai)land, Company 1); John Kinker, Company D; Rich-
ard J. Gai^e, severely, three wounds; Serjeant William
J. Anderson, Company E; 8er«>eant K(d)ert A. Brattou,
Company E; Corporal William H. Conard, Company E,
severely in right shoulder; Corjioral Iliion Jj. Mead,
Company E, in the head; William M. \\ilson, Conii)an3'^
E, severely in left shoulder joint.

Captain William Htrawn, of (,'oni])any F, says in
regard to Peach Tree Creek: "We had crossed the
Creek and had come to a halt near some thick woods
and brush; stacked arms and began some temporary
works when we were ordered to stop. We were out
of sight and at some distance from the Brigade, what
for we never knew. It was very hot. About four p. m.
our pickets came rushing headlong over our slight
works, and a rebel force following closely, fired and
charged on the right of the Regiment, which had
scarcely time to get into line when they were upon us.
The whole right was doubled back on the left, when
order was restored and the rebels eventually driven
back, leaving part of their dead and wounded in our
hands. The rest of the Brigade came to the rescue.
The left of the Regiment, of which my company was
the right, owing to the fact that it was on the shel-
tered side of a ridge, escaped unharmed and took part
in the fight with spirit. But what a terrible loss had
fallen on the right. Half of Companies A, B, C, D and
E, were either killed, wounded, or cnptured, to be
dragged to the rebel hells called prisons. Company
E, next on my right, lost half its men. Captain Doty,
my warm personal friend, lay dying with five bullet
wounds in his body. He was lying with his head down
hill. Realizing- his condition he called to me to pray

rr« THK 'Ni m .Si'Kil* ANI> FOURTH

for him. Takiii;: iiiin in iii> jiniis aiul |>l:iriii^ him in a
ImMIi*!' |Hihi(iMii 1 atlminisiciiMl what « itiisiWaiion 1 i-onhl.
IliH I»I«hkI Miiiiralin^ niv (loihin^. 1 h«*hl him nntil he
wiih iiirrii*«l lo th«' rear «»n ai stpfirhtT. l>iiiv callin*;
im* I'lww h«T«' I saw n<i nnMr of mv ImMovimI friiMul ami
u hoh* soiihMl. nolih* stihlici-. lii* (lic^l soon af(«'i- in th<*
full roiihtiouHnt'ss that his life had Immmi ;;iv«Mi to a jnsr.
CIIIIH4*, and wiih ih«- hojH- of th«- <hiistian. A iinly
iiolili* Honl, iisin^ no rani, making no louil professions,
linl with fall fail h in his lv«'<h-fiM<'r ami ihf ;:oo(lm'Ss of
<io«l. 'rh«- rcnhT of ihi* itltcl line slrmk the ri;:ht and
rt'ur whrrc it had an rntihidin^ tin* and noihin;; but
the t'l«*vali«in spokrn of sav«*d ihf l<fi. \\ »• have a
ri;:hl to |M«li«'V<' that th«* phirin;: of thi- lJe;iiment so
far awav from tlw r«*st of ih<- |{ii;:ad«* was dm* to the
iiuildlitv or rareh'ssness of our Hrii^ade ('ommamh'i'.
1 have for;:otien his mime and am ^dad of it ; my indi^^-
nation oxfi* the affair was not ai while heal until a
ropN of a < 'iminnat i pa|»er tame into camp with a com-
niuiii<'at ioii from 'onr rorrespondeni at the front,' in
which the 'hravery. ahilitv and <<>nsniiimat(* general-
ship' with whieh the rommander handled the Hri;;a<1e,
et«-., was heralded to the world. Ilandle»l the Uii;^adel
Hahl The Kri;:ade lia\ini: heeii placed in an awkward
|H»Hili<Mi and made to JicIieN e I here was no ciiemy w it hin
Hirikin;: distance, u li«-ii ilie lime came, liaiidled itself!
llie other rei^inieiits coming to our aid as soon as we
were attacked. However, We lost maiiv l>ra\e men
owin;: entirelx io the fact that the Ke;;iment had been
placed in an improper position before a viuilant f(»e,
ever on the lookout for just such an opport unity as was
presented. When burying: 'he dead on the next day
ipiile a number were found on both sides. pi<'rc«*d with
the bayonet. Notwithstanding; the suddenness of the
aflark and the fierceness i»f the stru<;;j:le, there was no
panie in our ranks. This was owini: to the fact that

we hail become so arcUStollied to the coolness of our

rt*^iinenlal oHicers that one ami all took it for granted
that to simply obey <»rders was the surest way to come

REGIMENT ILLIXOIS VOLUNTEERS. 225

out all right. Tlio next iiioriiini; was sjKMit in burying
the dead, iu which sad duty the dead i'«'bcls received
the same attention as our own."

John G. Newell, of Company E, says in regard to
Captain Doty: "I was among the first to reach the
side of our beloved and lamented Captain Doty when
he fell at Peach Tree Creek, and shall never forget his
last words, which were these: ^Drive back those rebels
first, then take care of me.' He was the idol of his
men, noble, generous, brave."

While the One Hundred and Fourth was engaged
as described on the right, the tide of battle had been
borne strongly against the divisions of Newton, Wil-
liams and Geary, on the left. The enemy about three
o'clock swarmed in dense masses out of their intrench-
ments and rushed from the woods, taking Newton on
both flanks and front, and were coming in between wm
and Geary when Ward's Division confrtmted them and
threw the rebels into confusion and retreat with heavy
losses. Williams and Geary, with Newton, were equally
successful in repulsing every attack and the rebels with-
drew, but later attempted to turn Newton's left in heavy
columns, when General Thomas assuming personal
direction, massed all the artillery of Ward and Newton
and mowed down the enemy by thousands. The battle
raged with fury until six, when the rebel hosts again
withdrew. On the right, opposite the One Hundred
and Fourth, their second attack was easily repulsed,
and in this the decimated Regiment took part.
Hooker's Corps lost about fifteen hundred men. Hood's
losses w^ere heavy, being from three to five thousand.
Ward's Division captured seven battle flags, and two
hundred and forty-six prisoners. The rebel repulses
had been signal ones and the new policy of Hood and
his master was fully shown. Its success or failure was
of more importance to the rebels than to Sherman,
whose large and compact army scarceh^ felt the blow
and thereafter knew well what to expect.

On the 21st the One Hundred and Fourth occupied

Z» THK t>XK Hr.NDRKD AND FOURTH

tilt* iiioriiiii;; ill tli<* Haul task of liurviu<; tlit* (lt*a«l. The
woiiihlcil w «•!•»• iak«Mi ill rliarp* l>y Snr^«'«Mi Dv^r. This
iliiiy cMiiiiili'ictl, ilif ( iiH* IhiiitlnMl aii«l I'oiinli. wiili
lilt* nri;:a<lf, uas aihaiutMl half a iiiilr initial- a Itrisk
tin*. Tlif iiiov«'iii«'iit was in ruiif«)riuii,\ with liiai of
ll«M»k«T'K < 'orps on I In- left, ("apiaiii Sirawii sa\s: "A
loiij; skiniiisii liiir was foinnM| wiili that of thr 'rwrii
tii*th ('oi-|is, aii«l oiMlfis ^i\«'ii to push th«- fiiciiiv into
thi'ir main works. Coinpanv T was s«Mit from «mii'
|{i*;:imciit ami or<li'i'<Ml to or(-n]»y a (cnti'al |>osiiion in
lh«" lim-. whirh, ju«I^Mn;r from thr shouting an<l n-ports
of mnskoiry. was sc\«Mal niih's h>n^. \N «* »'\|n*rirmf(l
a stniihttrn rcsisiaiic-c a<l\aiirin;: amitlsl ntnt iniioiiv;
tiriii;;, so that as a whoh- iln- |no<;frss «>! iln- lim- was
Vffv sh>w. DiiiMiij; thr tiiiif <"om|>any l\ with tiioMuh
to i|o in its fitint, snthh'iily tlisfovci«M| that tin- sUir
mWifis of tin* 'i'w <'nt iot li roi|»s on out- h-ft had haltol
for some rrasitn unknown to us. This uavo th«' rchrU
an oppurl unity to |M)iir in a u:allin': tii)* on i h*- h'ft of
my lim-. The liionnd wo wtM-o niaichin;: oxer was «o\-
rr«*«l with a thirk ^r«»wlh of tirrs ami lniish in full
h-af. Tin* ioIm-Is had mad«* (h'fonst's l»y di^^in^ ]>its
ami throwing: tho dirt on tin- side toward iis. thcr
thrso tln'V had tiinnin^ly ananucd hramhos si> as to
(om-cal thoir lorality and ocrnpants from unr \ i<-w as
w«' a|iproarlM-d. Sumotim«'s w«' ran riuht into those
iM'fopc disrtivrrinji I hem. William .lolTorstMi was killed
iit till* hasr of MiH* of ihcsi', to all apitoaramo hofore In*
disr(»vor«'d its rharartor. Samuel Mct'ashlaml was
mortally wiinnded li\ a musk<-t hall from the unro\-
ered left before mentioned, and died on the 2!»th, fully
<-oiiKrioiis, K4'ndiii;: farewell and lo\f in all his rum-
rjid«"i. .lames M. tiatchell was hailly wounded in the
hip, hut iiMMxered. ( leur;;e M ushlier;;»'r was wounded.
These rasnalties hajipeiied m-arly at the saino time, and
tile lire from our left lierumiii;: every monu'iit more
Kpiteful. I or«lered the uM-n to lie di»wii ami oidv tire

when Ihev rollld see i feliel to life at. 1 ' nh>oket|-foi-

tnoilde had ormrn'd all alon^ t),,. Ijn,., ;is we snon
rereived or<|ers tu desist and withdraw. To Md\;une

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 227

had been almost iin]M>ssil)le and to withdraw was
e(j[nally hazardous. \Ve were so ehjse to the rebel rille
pits that if the boys should rise to their feet they
would be almost certain to be shot. It was my busi-
ness to notify each one and 1 mana<j,ed to <:,('t all out
of the i)osition, excei)t two or three who, taken with
a panic, had broken for the rear. On arriving at our
camp I sent a Sergeant to bring up those who had left
us, knowing they would be ashame<l. Then I said to
one of them, 'I am ashanie«l of you; what was the mat-
ter?' As honest as honesty itself, he rej)lied, 'Well,
Ca]>, I was skeert.' This young soldier was naturally
as brave as the bravest; he had never flinched before
and his record thereafter was (Mjually good."

General Hood, having failed in his attacks on the
Peach Tree Creek line, a plan devised by General John-
ston himself, withdrew his arm}' that night to the
defenses immediately near Atlanta. These consisted
of long lines of intrenchments, forts, ditcljes in front,
abatis, and chevaux de frise, all of which had been
elabt)rately prepared long ago in anticipation of attack.
During the day our armies had steadily driven back
the enemy and night found them approaching the walls
of the city, only three miles distant, so near and yet
so far. Of the movement of the One Hundred and
Fourth on the 22d Captain Strawn says: "The enemy
having withdrawn in the night we formed lin(^ of bat-
tle, C(uni»any E as skirmishers, and marched thrcuigh
the woods with slight opposition, which soon disap-
])eared, and we deluded ourselves into the belief that
the enemy had really evacuated Atlanta. This idea
caused us to abandon the line of battle formation and
we took the rout step, marching at will without regard
to time, and we were proceeding gaily along right into
— ^no, not the city, but plain sight of the rebel fcu'titica-
tions. The time occupied in grasping the situation
and wheeling into line right and left was not long."
Kut the 22d was not to close without a battle of severe
I)roportions on the left. McPherson's Army of the Ten-
nessee was fiercely attacked by a ]>art of Hood's army

138 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

in aKsauIl, iu whirli, piiuin^' at lirst s«nne a»lvanta«rf,
it was lu'ftm* tlu* rli»s<' <»f ilu' <lay l»a<ily ilcft^airil ami
Kou^ht slu'ltrr within tin* w«»rks. Tin- liravo and «;ift«Ml
.M<l'liiTson ffll fjiilv in ili«* aition, virMin^' up his lif«*
at thf early a;:f of thiriyfonr. H«* was su«»«MMh*(l on
tliv lield by (Jt'mTal John A. Loj;an. The cntMny h»st,
as t-oni|inl(M| by <u'n<'i-al l.o;xan, 'A,'24i) men kilh'il, LM.M)0
of these were from a<tnal ronni; 1,(MM> jtrisctneis were
taken lu-sides those wonnded, 'i'heir ent ire htss was
estiniatinl at S,(KM). Onr army h>st in kille*!, wounded
and inissin;:, 'A,l'2'2 men. Thus elosfnl the battle of
Atlanta, and liuth armies sat down behiml their in-
trenrhmeiits. Hood at hay, and Sh«*rman to solve the
problem of how to compass the defeat of his antaj;-
onist and seize Atlanta. Writing: of the '2'M\ Sherman
Leland says: **1 t«»ok the team np to the Ke^Mnieni
and staid there until the shells from the enemy's bat-
teries made it necessary for the safety of the mules to
move to a hcdlow near by, from whirh we were soon
shelbnl out. Then moved back and halted near the rail-
road." It oc<urs to the writer that th<»se mules must
have Ix-en vabiable. < >n the L* It h, about eleven at ni^dit,
the One Hundred and Fourth took jtart in a feint attack
(»n the enemy's works for tin* purjxjse of drawinj; their
tire ami learning' the juisition of their batteries. The
bu;;;les sounded the charp* and yellinj^ bej;an all alonj^
the lim*. when the rebels opened fire and the object
was aci-omplislu'd. After that our boys amused them-
selves in lau'diiu'^ at the rebels.

CHAPTER XV.

The Siege and Fall of Atlanta.

On the 2Gth of July the One Hundred and Fourth
was again called upon to mourn the loss of one of its
bravest and most faithful soldiers, Charles B. Ruger,
of Company- E, being mortall}' wounded b}' a musket
ball from the enemy's works whilst the Regiment was
resting quietly behind the defenses. His father, Gabriel
Ruger, was well known to the Regiment as a great
patriot and the lirm friend of the soldiers of La Salle
County, which fact had been shown on many occa-
sions, and by his public acts as a member of the Board
of Supervisors of the County. Charley was loved by all
and there was a feeling of sadness when his young life
was so suddenly and cruelly ended by a rebel bullet.

Colonel McCook having gone home, was succeeded
temporarily by Colonel Taylor in the command of the
Brigade, Colonel Hapeman taking command of the left
wing of the Brigade. Other changes occurred on the
27th, in accordance with the desires of General Sher-
man. General Howard was appointed to command
the Army of the Tennessee, succeeding General Logan.
General Stanley then took command of the Fourth
Corps. General Joseph Hooker resigned, being in the
sulks because not preferred by Sherman as Commander
of the Army of the Tennessee. Though General Sher-
man had an undoubted leaning toward regular army
officers, West Point men, we did not see John A. Logan
resigning when Howard succeeded him. He had always
been identified with the' Army of the Tennessee and
was fully capable to command it, but Avith him patriot-
ism and duty were paramount.

On the 2.5th the armies were distributed as follows:
The Army of the Tennessee on the left, the Army of

230

THK m.NJ: HrXUHKl) AM> KolltTH

thf nhin lU'Xi on ihr ii;ilit : iIhmi «ainr tin* Anii.v of
(lu* riilillMTlilllil, IMlliilM'lili;^ fl'oiii left (o I-i;:li1. tli<'
Ftnirtli, Twi'iilirt h aii«l l'«Miit«M'nili Aniiv ('ttips. Tlif
iiiin'iirliiMl liin's «'\tt'ii<li'«l for a ilisiaiuf of live iiiiN's.
Tin* raxalrv was «li\i»lr(l into two stioii;^ «li\isioiis
iiiiili'i' McCook and Sitmrnian. Tin* i-cIm'I works in anti
alioul Atlanta lnMn;: t<»o siron;; to assault siu«M*ssfnllv
aiixl the o|M rations of a i-rjxnlar si«'}i«* too slow to suit
tilt' iin|iaii«Mii inin<l of (icnciai Slifinian: also t«i aNojd
tin* l>ni« Iniv of his luavr soMicis, In* proposed to foirc
Hood ont of Atlanta l>v «'X»*cutinj; atmtluM' ^Mand Hank
inoMMnciit on tin* li^rlit dcsi^in-d to smiir |M»ss«*ssion
of tin* .Macon ami Al lanta ivailiond, w hidi was tin* oidv
on«* l«'ft to tin* im*Im*Is and l»v which thcv ic««*i\«*d tlicii*
supplies and kept coniiuMiiicat ion op«*n with the icar.
This drstfovcd, lloiMJ nnisi of necessity come mil and
fi^ht oiahandon the city. Therefoi-t* < Jeneial Sherman
issued oideis for jiciu'ial movements on the L'Tih. The
cavalfv staft<*d hy two dilVei-eiil loules to <lestfoy the
laili-oad, hut oidy ]iai-liall\ succeeded, ami Stoneinan
essay in;r '•• liheiate the l'e<le!ai |Uisonels at Macon
ami A mieisonv ille, was himself caju uicd, toilet hei- with
seven hiindietl of his men, at the foinief place. The
wfiief, I hell M prisoner of war ai .Macon. lememlteis
well the ad\e||| of (!e||e|;il Stoiieliiail aild his ollicels,

into the prison pen. .\s his command a|)proache<l
Macon the pri.som*i-s heaf<l the liriii;: ami expected lo
he liberated, liut their astonishmeni and disap|ioiiit-
ineiii was ;ireai, w hen soon after our would he resett-
ers came in as |uisom*rs. This ejiistHle did not add
ill any ;iieat de^^ree to (Jeneral Sttuieman's «:entle dis-
position as e\imed hy his Ni;;oroiis lau;iua;:e. Tin'
Aiiny of the Tennessee nio\ed to the ritiht. joinin;;;
Thomas, and was severely eii^af^ed on tin- listli with
Hardee's and Lee's ('or|ts sent hy Hood, who rii^hlly
understood the meanin;:: of the nioxeinent. These

ti |is made six desperali* assaults ami were six liims

re|)nls«M| with very heavy losses. Many prisoners and
fi\e haith' lla;j:s w«*re taken. The hat lie was foii<^ht
iiejir Iv/.ra <'hurch. Our lrou|is iiad no iiii remhmeiiis.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 2:n

but only slij^lit barricades of rails and lojis. (Iciicral
John A. Loiian, ('oniiiiaiidcr (^f the Fitt<M'ntli Corps, was
award(Ml jurcat credit by (Icncral Howard for his con-
duct in this battl(\ (Jcncral Hood liavin^ aj^ain faiiccl
to acconi])lish anything by repeated assaults, rested
behind his works, an<l diirinm' the next three days (leu-
eral Sherman gradually extended his lines (o the ri^^lit
toward the Macon road, fully satisfied by this time
that his cavalry could not break u]> that line. l»y
reaching' it with his infantry and artillery the object
iniiiht be iiaiiu'd. Hood, however, ma<le correspon<linin-
ino\"em(^nts, which, liaxiui^ the inner and shorter line,
it was easy to do. The losses to Sherman duriiii;' .July
in killed, wounded and missinii", a,ii\i;r<'mated 1),711) men.
The rebel losses for the same ])eriod in killed and
Avound<Ml were 8,841, but the ])risoners, numberiiiu-
2,<I0(I, were not {j;iYen in the rebel reiM)rts.

On August 1st the One Hundred and Fourth, whilst
eniiaii'ed in skirmishiuii, had one man wounded. Major
^\'idmer, as usual, had chariic of the lin(\ On the Hd
(ienei-al Oarlin returned and assumed command of tlu^
Brij^ade, wlii*-h moved about four miles to the riiiht
in close i)roxiinity to the enemy. On the 4th the lieiii-
nient uiovcmI to the line of Utoy ( Veek, on the extreme
riiilit, relievinji, trooi>s of the Twenty-third (\)ri>s. On
the 5th the Bri<»ade advanced to develop the enemy,
and char}j;iu<>-, drove them from the first line of ritle
pits. The One Iltmdred and Fourth moved in the even-
inji' two miles to the rinlit and tocdv position on the
riju'ht of the Fifteenth Corps. It remained lun'e durinc;
the 6th, but on the 7th was actively en*;a<;ed in an
advance made toward the main rebel works, losinii'
duriuii the day fourteen men killed and woumh'd. The
first and second lines of rebel rifie ])its were ca])tured
under a furious fire from the rebel Avorks. Captain
Strawn writes thus of the eiioa«eiuent : "Being ])laced
in command of the i>icket line of our Kc^iiinu^nt Ave soon
found ourselves in close proximity to the r<4)(d skir-
mishers. The whole line of the Brijiade's skirmishers
joined us on our right and left. About twelv(^ m. (xeu-

»• THE ONE HLNDRK1» AM» FOLHTH

tTiiI rarliii fjiiiH* alim;; lln* lint* in tin* thick ln-nsli and
jjuvf 118 M-rlial «»nlri*s t«> liavf our mm iva«lv on llu*
liiii* of iialilr witlioiK any n«>isf, and at ti •:;ivi'n si^iuil,
rliafp* atnd driv«' tin* rtdnds out of tlit-ii- dff«MiS('s and
HH far as imissIMi* toward their main lini*. We did not
bavo l»»n;: !«» wait. The «liarj;«* was niad»* an<l so )iiu*x-
|MHt<*<lly to the rebels that most of theui forsook their
rilfe pits without lirin;: a ;:uii. We pursued them with
;;reat eeh-rity on the keen run. until an open lield was
rearhed when lire uas opened on us fi-oui the rebel
works on t he itt her side. Meauiiuie we had inilie.! down
a hi;;h worm fern** in oui- front and erected lemporarv
tlefenses. tJeneral Carlin then roniin^ up wiMi the
whole hri«;ade, a stron;; line was established within
tw«» hundred yar<ls of the rebel breastworks. The One
llumlreil and I'ourth was moved a few rods lo the left
of the rail bnrrirade :ind established a line in the ed^e
of the brush alon^r the side of an open tield frontin;:
the enemy, t hie of my men suddenly fotind himself
alone in the field ami in \iew of the rebels, ('uriin;;
down behind a stump he rem:iined until dark, when
he joined I he runi|tany. <'a|tiain l-Mt /.simnions. of ( 'um-
pany K, who was on lop df the iid;:e in the npen li<'ld,
was almost instantly killed, lie was a vtiy brave and

capable onirel-, mucll respected by the winde Ke^iment
and was missed ;:rea!ly." The follow ini; casualties
occurred on the Tth :ii I i.>y ( "n«k: Killed Captain
dames r. l'it/,simmon>. (oiiipnny K : Sei-^eant Albert
< '. Itassett, ('oinpaiiy 15; Sii-^eiini \\illi;ini II. ('rai;:.
<'onipany Jv;<'harles I]. ( iia\ es. < '(tuip;niy II. Muiially
woundetl dolin .M. W inslow. t'onipjiny A. Wounded
Kobert W exi, < oMipMiiv r.;do|in W. h:i\ is. « 'ouipany
<': Samuel .1. |>o;in«-. ('oni|»any ("; AleMimler II. L:ine.
<'ompany l>:Ser;:eant I'rancis .M. I hui^lierly. < 'oiupany
!•'; Corporal dames Mooney, ('onipany I'; <Hivei- Law-
rence, ( 'om|>any tJ; Ivoswfll .birobs. ( '<unp:i iiy II;('iU'-
neiiuH Snider. < 'ompany I.

♦ oMieral didin .M. Palun r li;i\in;i resi;:ned the com-
m.'iiid of th«> I-'ourteeiiih .\rmy t 'oips on the tith, tlen-

er;i| IJ \\ . .Io|in«.on. b\ \illue of seuioiilN. silcceeded

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. _:~

him, but gave yjlace a few days later to < reneral Jeffer-
son C. I>avis, who became permanent Commandt.-r.

The One Hundred and Fourth remaine<l <^»n the new
advanced lines close t<> the enemy's works until August
20th, exposed most of the time to a severe fire from
artillery and sharpshooters. This conipelle<l the men
to keep closely under cover, but several losses occurred
to the Regiment while in its works or on the skirmish
lines. On the Sth, John P. Johnson, of Company F, was
ba«ily wounded. <Jn the 9th, P. A. Hawk, of Company G.
was wounde<l in the face, and on the 11th, John Everitt,
of Company H. in the head. On the L2th < Vtrporal
John Ruble, of Company G, color bearer, was severely
wounded. Captain Strawn. S7>eaking of this, says: "A
stray buUet coming from the right made four holes in
the hat of Sergeant John Shay, of my company, and
then plunged into the ne<:k of the color bearer. The
bkK)d spurted out in a stream as large as a man's little
finger. I was standing close by and thought an artery
had been severe!. Our Surgeon, fortunately, was near,
and being summoned, came quickly and applying his
thumb to the wound, bandaged it and sent the man to
the hospital. Few of us expected to see him alive
again, but in a short time he recovere<i and resume<i his
place as <olor bearer." Captain Proctor menti^ms the
same event and says that about that time several men
werv kille«l or severely wounde<l, always in or about
the head, and he attributes the killing of Fitzsimmons,
Craig and Graves, as well as the wounding of the others
to the same rebel sharpshooter, who was probably con-
cealed in the thick foliage of a tree. The One Hun-
dred and Fourth took part in an advance on the 13th,
to capture the rebel rifle pits in front. These were
carried for the whole length of two brigades, the Regi-
ment losing in killed George Schweigart, of Company
K: Joseph Burkart and Xathan Rham, of Company K,
were wounded: also Alexander Bramble and William
H. Jones, of Company D.

Edgar T^ Stevens, of Company D, thus describes the

wm* oil IIU' soiiiii siur «•! :i imir rnM-u. i nr itnci
pirkrt lilH'S \Vrr«* nil I In* oIImT siilr, ill tin* tMl;;r of soiiif
\voo«|s, ! Iioir iM'iii;: :i rloaroil tifltl iliior lminln*<l \iiiils
\vi«lr Im'I\\o««ii llioiii :iii*l iln' «iti'U. <i»'iicial ("arliii
cailiii* out to our pitUri liii*- ami asUfil ili«* Li«>iit<*iiaiit
if In* roiihl rliar^ii* ami iak«* tin- irlnl line of ritlo pits
ill fr«iiit. Tlir Lirutciiaii! said In* «oiil(| uv. Tin- mcii
\vt»n* tlnMi assciiililiMl ill si!i;;lr liiir two «»r tlii«M* vanis
a|»art ami at tin* \\**vt\ of rommainl wo rlaiiilM-rod
lliroii;:li ilir Itnisli <it)\\ii till- liaitk, mix! wailiri;: hmt
nislio«l ii|i llio opjiosiir sido, u lu'ii wo «aiiu' iiiio full
viow of tlio oiu'iuN, who JH'^iaii to tiro on us at oiiro.
liiKtcai! «>f I'ot iiriiiii;; the tiio, wo advaiirtMJ on tlioni at
tli«* lion I tic i| nick without halt in<x, until wo i-oachod ihoir
pits :ind nnMintin;: I ho works w ith niijskois itM-kod and
imvoiiots lixod, doniandod ihoii- sniioiidor. Tho lolu-ls
iniiiiodiaiolN dfoppoil jhoii- «;nns and Itoin;: rolhMti-
\v«*n* <*K<-o It od lo tlic icMi- liv a part <d" our i>o\s. Tin
twoiilv-two nioii, imlMtlin;: oni* roniniandoi'. «-aptnr<
fort\f«inr ioImIs without our having tiled a shot."

Tin* oaso with which tho rohol lino was lakon ai
iho roadv sni!<-nd«'r of iho ichcls was dno lo tho fa

of our iiion w hon tln-v chaf^od. This a;:ioonioin, it
sooins, was faiihfnily raniod oni, and tho (-asnallio!>
onniiii;; to uni* sido woro inlliriod fiom otlnr sonrros.
<Mi the l.'tih and 11th sonio ihroo hundiod inon man
Hp*«l In bo rapt mod Itv oiir foicos. Moaniiino, how-
ovor, tho tire from iho lohol shaipshouiiMs and ihoii
main works roni in nod. (Mi I ho o\ onin^i of the 1 It h iIk
om-inv mado a dash on tho skirmish lino of tho ( )m
ilniidrod and l'«»nrih, wonndin;: two inoii. Thoir ''••
lorv mado iho h«*ad lo;;s of <Mir works llv wiih s^

REGIMENT Il^LIXOIS VOLUNTEERS. 235

shot and slicll, but iiieetinu witli a linn rcsistanci* from
Cai>tain l^roclor and his men, tlio cniMiiy fell hack to
their works.

General Sherman sent Kilpatrick on the 18lh to
break up the railroad. That (leneral destroyed some
three mih's and made the circuit of Atlanta, but faihMl
to intlict lasting; damay;e and Sherman then determined
to raise the siege of the city and throw the muin part
of his army further sontli toward Jonesboro, directly
on Hood's communications. In i)reparation for the
movement, the Twentieth (\>r])s was sent to the in-
trenchmeuts beyond the Chattahoochee to guard the
bridge, the ferries, material, supplies, etc., there accu-
mulated. The Fourth Corj^s covered the transfer. Begin-
ning on the night of the 25th, the Fourth Cor])s moved
to the right and closed tip on the Fourteenth Corps
near Utoy Creek. In the night of the 2(>th the Army
of the Tennessee went to the extreme right of the other
two corps. The One Hundred and Fotirth, leaving the
works where it had remained so long, and marching
to the right until one a. m. of the 27th, went into
bivouac ff>r the rest of the day. As afterward learned,
the rebels in Atlanta, on finding that Sherman's armies
had disap]>eared, rejoiced greatly and telegrai)hed the
news all over the soitth, thinking that they had got
rid of the hated Yankees, but they soon after found
that they had crowed to soon, for on the 28th the
meaiung of tliis sudden departttre began to dawn upon
their minds. Hood, to meet the new movement of his
adversary, had thrown Hardee's and Lee's Corps into
Jonesboro. The 28th was occupied by the armies in
execttting a grand left wheel on Schofield as a pivot,
which Avas closed at night by the arrival of Thcunas
and Howard at the railroad. The One Hundred and
Fourth camped near Red Oak, jyid on the 29th was
detailed to guard troops engaged in tearing up the
track and destroying the material.

On the 30th the Twenty-third Corps faced East
Point. Thomas was near on the right and Howard

tH ..: NK MIN1>RKI) AN'" '"'HTM

ap|»n»inliiii;; .Ioui-nImmo, TIh'<Mu- lluiKliril ainl i-ounli
uiovimI nix iiiilt'S ami tainiMMl. Howard <li<l soim* sUir-
miHhiiif; with tlu* fiuMuv ami reacli«*il a poiiii wit inn
two inih'H of .ItuifRboro. Tlu* inoveineiits (»f all lln*
arinit's mi th«* 'Msi w«*n- ilinH-U'«l towanl lh«* new
ohjtM-tivf and tin- railroad, wlii«h was destnniM] as
tlifv advaiKfd. In tin* afiermum llanlr*' madi* an
altark on u part of Howard's line, hnt was repnlsed.
It iMM-anu' evident to every soldier on tlw eveiiin;^' of
the 'Mtii that the Ion;; caiiipai'^n for the possession of
Atlanta wouhl soon end. All felt thai some ^Mrat
event was aboni to happtii. ll was an iniuilive fetd-
iujr, ihon^h the exact sit nation was not yet fnlly known.
l)n Sept«*inl»er Ist the armies were early in motion and
lati' in tin* afternoon the F«Mirteenth ('orj»s fminrd a
jnnetion with Howard's left reaehin;^ t«> the railroad.
Stanley and Seholield fidlowed. (Jeneral Davis form-
in;; his divisions in line in front of Hardee's works,
rhar;;»'d and raptured a r«'l>el l>ri;;ade :ind t \n o l»at-
leries. Tin* (hie Hundred and I'ourtli was present.
Uwiuj; to nijiht eomin;: <»n and the failure ^i{ Stanley
to arrive in time, HaiMlcc was enabled to escajK' and
reiirat to LoNj'joy's Siaiion. Hurin;; tin* ni;;lM ln'avy
e\|t|osions were heard in the dire(ti(tn of Atlanta,
twenty miles distant, tlif meaning; of wliitli was a
eanse of eonje<-t ui<\ Tlit' mornin;^ of iIh- iM dawned
n|M»n the deserted w«»rks of the rebels at .lomsbom,
and Sherman was not a litt le ihaizrined that Hardee
had es<aped, but at on<e onleied a \ i;;ori)Us pursuit.
The FtMirteenth Corps remained ai .lunesboro. Dnrin;;
the day rnm<»rs of the evaeualiou of Ailania reaehed
our army and raused ;;reat rejoicin;;. lOven (len«*ral
Thomas, it is said, threw up his hat and imlnl;:ed in
e.vtraordinary antics «»f ha|»|»im*ss. (Jeneral Slocuiu.
who, from his works at t he < "hatlahoochee, had heard
tlie explosion in the ni;;ht, sent Colonel (olturn early
in the mornin;; with a bri;;ade toward the eily, and
followed himself soon after. Hn the way these tr<iops
w«*i'e met b\ t he .Ma\ iM' of A I la III a, w lio made a foiiiial

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 237

surrender. The city was then occupied by General
Slociim's command in force. It was found that
Hood, before leaving, had destroyed nearly all the
material he could not remove. However, SJocum
secured tAvent}' cannon and some small arms. Vast
numbers of cars aud locomotives, machinery and army
supplies, together with buildings, had been blown up.
Fair Atlanta had become a wreck in part. Later in
the day Shernmn received a note from General Sh)cum
that Atlanta was really ours. General Sherman,
though with his army before the eneni}^ at Lovejpy's,
soon decided to bring the present campaign to a close,
return to Atlanta, and give his armies a much needed
rest after their four months of marcliings and battles,
during which time there had been scarceh' a day when
some part of the lines was not under fire. There were,
besides, other reasons for a halt. A most vital part of
the rebel Confederacy had been wrested from the grasp
of Jeff. Davis, but his army still remained, though in
retreat and no doubt disheartened. New plans must
be studied for future movements against the still defi-
ant foe. Therefore on the 5th Sherman's armies were
ordered to march to Atlanta, arriving in and around
the city ou the 8th, where they were disposed in com-
manding positions and went into camp for a brief
period to enjoy the fruits of victory obtained after one
of the longest, most renuirkable and brilliant cam-
paigns ou record.

On the 3d of September the following dispatch was
received and promulgated to the armies:

"Executive Mansion,
"Washington, D. C, Sept. 3d, 1864.
"The National thanks are tendered by the President
to Major-General W. T. Sherman and the gallant offi-
cers and soldiers of his command before Atlanta, for
the distinguished ability and perseverance displayed
in the campaign in Georgia, which, under Divine favor,
has resulted in the capture of Atlanta. The marches,
battles, sieges, and otfier military operations that have

3U

THK ONK HlM'KKl' A.M> 1 - 'I in H

si;;n;ili/.»Ml tin* caiiipai;:!!, imisi ninli-r it faiiiuus in tlu*
annals of war, anti liavt* rniiilrtl tlmsf wlm have par-
tiri|>at<*4l tluMfin l<» tin* ap|»laiis«* aii«l iliaiiks of iIm-
Nation.

•AI'.KAIIAM I.1N«(H.N.

•*l*i»'si<lriii oT ill.- I Hi I.-. I Stall's."

This an«l ain'l In-r f!<»iM r,riiiMal ( i i aiii iicai<-i| ^icai
♦•niliusiasiii aiiioiiH; i\n> soltlicis aiKl each roiiM jiisilv
ftM'l proml that lu- had honic a pari. ho\\c\«'i- hiiinhh',
in th(* Atlanta <anipai;!;n.

To no on**, pfi'hajis, was iht- mm < (•>> of Sln-iiiian's
armies more j^raiifviiiu tliaii lo Aluahaiii Liiiroln.
Alhinla f»*II al an op|»oil iiin' liiiir in iIm- liistoi-y of
ih«- Nation in its stru;;;;h* for r.\ist<'ii» <•. A national
rh'rtion was thrn ap|>roarhin^ ami this \irtoiy inailr
tin- r«*-«*hMtion of IMt'sith-nt Liinoln ccriain. It ^avc
ni*w «-oiira^«* ami moi-ai force to the fri«*mls of tin*
I'nion ill tlif North, who wisely ami naturally «l<'sir<M|
to have Mr. lamoln ic i-h-rtcd, wiiile it «'<|nally <lis-
ronra;:»M| t In* adhrmits of ( itini al .Mr( 'Irllan. tin- ran-
tli<lat«' of iho hoiiiociat i<- party ami of the S»»nth. who
ha<l Immmi iioiiiinatt'il on a platform that iliM-lartMl th*-
wai' a failiiff ami that it should he stopped at ome.
It appears that oiir Democratic soldiers thought dif-
ferent ly. < 'aptain .lames M. Lei;;liloii. a war I ►eiiiocrat.
wiitiii;: from NasliNille on Sepiemher Sth, says: "In
ailditioii toronrt .Martial duties I wasassi^imd to the
eoiiimand of a halt alio n of con\ alestents for the def ease
of Nashville a;:aiiist Wheeler. The Slate ( 'onveiit ion.
composed t>f all I'nion men. has been held here four
day.s, elicitin;; ;^ieat interest. ( 'opiterheads hav«' kept

out of siy:ht. I|o\\e\er, tilie of the dele;.^ates to the

<'liira;:o National hemocialie ( 'oii\ cut ion arri\ed here
in time, as he thoip^hi. to enliuhieii this con\«'ntion.
He ;;ot into the hall and commenced his ('hi(-a;:o secesh
haraii;;ne, when he was hisseil down and re<piested to
leaive the room, with the assiirame that on his refusal
lie would he put out. | ihillk it Wouhl he Well for
nianv of our northern men iM*i-ead the res<dutioiis

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 239

])ass(Ml lici'o, one of which is an un(|ualirK'(l ('(HKlciinia-
tioii of tlie Chicaj^o ( 'oiivcntion and 'phitf(tnii.' " A^aiii
he writes: "It does seem as thonj^h i)e()ple at the
Noitli ai"<' niakinj»- every effort to ('ri])])h' the pn^seiit
Adiiiinistrat ion. We think since hcarinjj; of McChd-
hm's nomination, tliat Fncle Abe's chances are j^ood.
I wish they wonhl leave it to tiie sohliers; we wouhl
settle the question at once." That Captain Leij^hton
voiced the convictions of ninety-tive per cent or more
of the soldiers who wero Democrats, is no doubt true.
To show the feeling amoni» soldiers the writer, Hkmi
a prisoner of war, was ])resent at a test election held
in our prison camp at Columbia, S. C, about October
12th. ()n<» thousand and twenty-seven votes were <-ast,
nearly all in the prison voting'. Of these, eight iiun-
dred and eighty-four were cast for Abraham Lincoln,
one hundred and forty-three for McClellan. The Illi-
nois men voted seventy-nine for the former, eight for
the latter. The figures are taken from the diary of
the writer. The votes for McClellau were mostly given
by soldiers who were from the eastern armies. While
the ])atriotic people of the North were rejoicing with
bontires, illuminati(Uis ami speech-making in honor of
the signal trium])hs of Sherman's armies, and gather-
ing new moral strength and determination that the
rebellion should not succeed, the effect on our erring
brethren of the South was quite the opposite. They
had lost faith in the success of their cause, but pride
on the part of many and hatred on the part of the
leaders, held them to their allegiance. The great
majority, however, it is safe to say, were utterly tired
of the losing contest. Nowheri* was this more a])]>ar-
ent than among the soldiers, who frequently met our
own on the picket lines in the intervals of fighting,
when the subject was fully and freely discussed in the
most friendly manner and with marked effect on the
enemy, which was sure to bear fruit. These stolen
interviews generally ended with promises on the part
of all to spare each other if they met in battle. Well
miiiht angels ween over the stern necessitv that com-

MO THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

jH'Iktl ihfiii to stfk earh other's livt^s. On the Athmla
(■ain|iai;;ii tlesertions hail been numerous, th«Te beiuj;
l.',4ii> rejKirte«| ill four laoiiths. Hut whil" the rebel
sohliers well' h«*ariil,\ lin-d «tf li^hiiu^ they were hrM
bai'k b\ a i»artb>u:ibk* prhte, by notions of honor an*l
other considerationK. Said an ohl Confederate sohlier
to the writer: "1 went in on the wave of ex«itenient
that swept the South, and a;;;ainst my jud^^ineiit: my
neij;hboi*s did the same. 1 was at honelsttn. Sliihdi,
and all thn»U};h, but soon saw that we wouhl l«»s<' in
the eud. Hut I was in, so were all my relatives and
friends, who had either eiilistiMl vtduntarily or had
been draftt^l. S«H*inj; no way to i^-i out and exiM-ri
to ever have a^ain the n'speit «>f my ohl neighbors, 1
stayed." This man relleeteil the feeJin«;s of thousands
and showed that he was honorable. Ilis education, cir-
eiimstami's and surroundings rompelled him to be a
rebid sohlier. Hut the worm tif discontent had not only
worke«l anion;; the masses of nn will in;; viitims before
and after the fall of Atlanta. Many vv\h'\ lea<lers
be;;an i«» Weaken. rntVfiMHtr Hiuun, of <ieor;:ia, was
one of these, and when Hood fell back b«*fo|*e silt r
man, withdrew the Stale Militia, uunibeiin;; ir>,()(»()
men, undei- ( ieiieral i i. \\ . Smii h. 1 le made t he ]daus-
ible pretext of its beiu;: necessary in onler that the
sor;;hMm clop miiilit be harvested, but it was known
that he was only seekin*; an op|M»rt unity to save (omu*-
;ria from further dama<;e. However, h«* dared not take
the final step severin;; further relations with the Con-
federacy. de(Tei*son Ha vis, \it telly dismayed by th<'
fall of Atlanta ami rendered desperate by the condi-
tion of alTairs, made a visit «lurin;j Septembei- i.i ( ;e<ii--
;:ia and Hood's army. On his way throu;:li the Ton-
federacy. he foolishly, as usual, indul;;ed in sp«*<Mh-
makin;; and dropjied remarks as to his future policy,
that wen* soon re|»oried to our Oovernmeiii and to
Oeneral Sherman. Il<- bitieijy assailed <iov«Tnor
Hrowii iind |»romised e\eiybody in (ieor«;ia that the
steps altout to Im* undertaken would result in the
invader bein;; driven from her sacied soil, cvcii i<> iIh-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 241

Ohio River. His insane boasts quickly reached our
lines and put General Sherman on guard.

Meantime, Sherman's armies spent the mouth of
September in pleasant camps on the hills around
Atlanta, engaged in recuperating and preparing for
another campaign, though no one had an idea as to
what its nature would be. Sherman Leland, writing
a little later as to the movements of the One Hundred
and Fourth, says: "We reached our new camp at
Whitehall, four miles from Atlanta, on the 8th, when
all became busily engaged in fixing up our quarters
after the long and arduous campaign. We had a fine
location and cabins were built and everything in good
shape in a week. We remained here until October
3d, enjoying the rest immensely. During this time
Captain Leighton and Lieutenant F. M, Sapp resigned
on account of wounds received at Chickamauga, Cap-
tain Porter, of Company B, was transferred to become
Colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-third U. S. C.
troops." The One Hundred and Fourth had begun the
campaign in May, with a total effective strength of
two hundred and ninety-six officers and men. The
ranks had become thinner and thinner from day to day.
The Regiment had lost in four months three officers
and twenty-two men killed, two officers and seventy-
one men wounded, and five missing, also probably
killed; a total of one hundred and three, or thirty-five
per cent of the whole number. It had been under fire
one hundred days during the campaign, and on every
occasion had acquitted itself with honor. On the 5th
of September the Regiment mustered one hundred and
seventy men and thirteen officers, less than two full
companies, but equal in experience and discipline
obtained by continual service, by battles, sieges,
marches and hardships, to a full regiment of new
troops.

Colonel Hapeman, in making his report of the
Atlanta campaign, says: "I cannot close this report
without giving credit to the brave officers and men of
the command. For four months thev have endured

142 THE «^NE HrM-i.i.i- AND FonUTH

tilt* raiini»ai^Mi, ami liavr alwavs iM'haviMl ilnMiisrlvrs in
a luauiHT wttriliv ilu- lumu* «»f Aii»«'ri»aii so It I iris. ( JiM*at
<r«ilit is thu* Major WiilimM- fni- iln- ln-avtM-y ami skill
hf has always tlisplayiMl in liis iiiaiia;;«Min'in of tin*
Hkiriiiish liiir. 'riw loss of rjipiaiii l>oi\. rapiaiii
K\ iicarson ainl ("aitiaiii Fii/siiiiiiions is <l»M'|ily Irll l»y
tin* Ivr^iiiH'iit. TIm'V wri*- ;:allani otViffis. and iov.-d
an*i n'SjMTtiMl by their nuii."

Tin* total loss«'s in Shninan's aiinics ilmin^ An
jjust ami St'idfinhtT in kill«Ml. woninltMl an<l niissin;;
nniouiitt'*! lo .'(.Lil* nnMi. litMHl's lossrs for I In* saun*
p«*rio«l wrn- 7.44:i nn*n, wliirli iinhnh'd 'A,~'.iS iak«*ii
I»rist>n»*rs. 'I'ln* a^^rrj^atr 1 iiion loss«*s in i In* tain-
I»ai;:n N\t'r«' in,<»sT nn'ii. Thosr of .lolmston an<l IIo.mI
31.'.»T!> nn-n. as ilctnininnl Wv tin* rfbrl r»*ror«ls.

ciiArTioi: x\'i,

Pursuit of Hood and Return to Atlanta.

Wliih' at Athmtn Colonel Donj^las I laitrmaii was
ordered to assume coiimiand of the PMrst Hrijiade.
<Teiiei-al Carlin coimiianded the Division. ('ojonei
Hapenian continued in command until November Sth,
when ('olonel Ilobart, Twenty-lirst Wisconsin, his
senior, succeeded him. The term of s<'ivice of s<'veral
regiments had exjured, and the First l>rigade, under
(Jidonel JIapeman, l)e<j;an the next campaiy,!! with the
following oi'ganizations, commanded as follows: One
Hundred and Fourth Illinois, Major John II. Widnu'r;
Forty-second Indiana, Captain (J. R. Kellams; Fighty-
eighth Indiana, M;ijor L. .1. Hlair; 'Piiirty-l hird Ohio,
Captain Jos. Hinson; Ninety-fourth Ohio, Lieutenant-
Colonel R. P. llutchins; Twenty-tirst Wisconsin, Cap-
tain C. H. Walker. The entire strength of Carlin's
Division on September 20th was 4,1!)1 men, all veteran
soldiers.

Up to the 20th of Sei)teniber Mood's army had
remained (piietly at Lovejoy's, about twenty-tive miles
from Atlanta, gla<l enough to have a ]>erio(l of rest,
while its leader was with the rebel President endeavor-
ing to solve the difficult problem of how to begin a
new campaign, intended to regain what had been lost.
It was an exc<'edingiy knotty (piestion, but ])robably
the plan agreed ujxmi and adopted was as wise as any,
in view of the desperate condition of ( 'onfederate affairs
at that time. How(nw, on the 21st the rebel army
began to show sym])toms of b<Mng much alive, as it
move«l on that dat<' toward SluM-uian's rear, the
infantry reaching Palmetto Station and the cavalry
crossing the Chattahoochee. This gave an intimation
as to Hood's ])lans, which evidently were to strike first

M4 THE ONE Hl'NDREE» AND FOURTH

SluTiiiiinV liiH* of roiuiuuiiiraiions with ('hattaiio»»^M.
lliK plaiiN WW*' fiirilHT (I«'V«'I«»|mmI w Iumi ttii tin* L'lth
(MMU'ial Ftirntil suil«l«'iil\ a|»in'artMl with t-i^^ht oi- \vu
thuiiKaiitl ravalrv iM-fnic Ath«Mis, Alaltaiiia, ami rap-
tuitil iIm* Miiall ;:ariis«»ii thrn*. Th«' iii!riiii«»ii to iai«l

in III** rt'iir wai* phiiii aii»l 11 1's inoxomont rtHTiMtly

HiiriiilMMl. PrrsiMoiit .IrlT. Davis ap|)cai-iii^ in Macon
oil thf L'Mh. math- a tiaiiiiii;: sjmmmIi still fiirth«'r irvcal-
ill;: what iiii.v man of st-nsr in his |»osition woiiM havr
toiHi'ahMJ. Within t went vfoiir hoiii-s toMU'ia! SIhm--
tiiaiii, !»y !iM*aiis of his spit's, ]m(ss«*ks<mI a «o|i\ df ihat
M|HMM-h. aiHJ kiH'W that lioo<l pio|»os<Ml to niartli for
the north. ho|iinH; thus to <li-a\\ him an<l his armirs
away from (u'or^fia in a \ain |iursuit ami disastrous
r«*in*at, Davis havin;: Im-oii rash <*non^h to jiromisc that
only iIh' rrtrcai of tin* ^rrai Nap«ih'oii fidin .M«»s«ow
woiihl JM-ar any comparison to it. Itrin;; fully satistic«l
by t iciiiJMi- 1st that llotMrsarmv was across the ( Miat-
talnMulM-*'. Slici-man, Icavin*; ili<* rwcnticiii ( orps to
hohl Atlanta, put tin* rest of his armies in moiiou for
lln* rear at Marietta, conjciturin^ that Hood was aim-
in;: for his railroad, uhich pro^ed to he trin*. There
Were numerous ;:arrisons alou^ this road and hi'fore

this date Newton's Division liad I n sent lo ("liat-

tano«i;:a and Ctuse's to Kome. while all the command-
ers at important p<dnts had heeii |iut on ^uard. Mor-
gan's Division and (Jeneral Thomas lefi for rhatia-
noo;:a on l he l.'!tt h as a furt her precaui i»ui auaiiist what
was anlici|tated. Ilapeman's Uri^jade and ilie < hie
Hundred and l^•urlh struck tents on (iciohcr '.Ul, and
mart hi n;: in a hea\y rain reached ami crossed the<'hal-
talitMirliei'. hivouaickiii;: at midniulii near \inin;:'s Sta-
tion. The Imys will never for;:et liiat hrsi nii;ht spent
without tires lieca use t he\ would not hurn. The ctun-
fortalde tpijirters left neai- Atlanta in iln- mornin;:
H4'<'med like palaces. This was only ilie iniiiaiixf in
many Ion;: months of almost c«uitintious marcliiii«^ for
mope than a lIuMisaml miles, hut it was the first step in
the limil ;:rand march that swcjit to the sea. the irre

MiHtilde waves of whiih it reseUllded. ;iMd like llimi

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 215

was not stave<l until havinj;- swept northward through
wide states lik«- an avalanche, there were no longer any
rebel armies t<> oj»j»ose, no i-ebellion to ('on<niei-.

(ieneral w^h(M-nian had for active operations about
sixty-live thousand men, Hood about forty thousan«l
as estimated. Many changes had occurred of late
among the otticers. General J. D. ('ox comnumded
the Army of tiie Ohio, (w-neral Thomas having gone
to Chattanooga, (Ieneral D. S. Stanley was the senior
Major-General of the Fourth and Fourteenth Orps.
Logan an<l Blair being north, their (Jorps were com-
manded by GcMKM-als Osterhaus and T. E. G. Ransom,
the latter a La Salle County man, who had gone out
as Major of the famous old Eleventh, and had acquired
distinction as a leader and fighter, but alas! in a few
days more he was obliged to yield to the conqueror
of all, the only foe he ever feared, which in the guise
of insidious disease, ended his life on this march. The
march was resumed on the 4th toward Kenesaw, the
One Hundred and Fourth making some ten miles that
day. Sherman had signaled via Kenesaw to (general
Corse at Rome to march at once to the relief of AUa-
toona which was held at the time by a small command
and was believed by Sherman to be one objectiv^e of
the enemy, (general Corse fortunately arrive<l in time
on the 4th and on the 5th made the defense of that
place forever memorable. On the latter date AUatoona
was attacked by French's Division, but unsuccessfully
and with heavy loss to the rebels. General Sherman,
who was on the heights of Kenesaw, eighteen miles
distant, signaled assistance and to hold on. There
was great anxiety as to the result, but in the afternoon
the smoke and signs of battle had died away, and Sher-
man received a signal message that the enemy had been
repulsed. Later (Ieneral ('orse dispatched as follows:
"I am short a cheekbone and an ear, but am able to
whip all h — 11 yet. My losses are very heavy, etc."
With nineteen hundred men Corse had repulsed and
severely handled a whole rebel division, live thousand
strong. The LTnion loss was 707 men killed, wounded

:*< THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOl'RTH

aii«l iiiissiii;;. <fcii«*ral <'<»!>«• n-|M.iit(l l';;i i.hrl dt'ud
aiinl ftuir IhiihIimmI ami »'1»*v«mi piisitiifis. Tlif nuiiilMT
of woiiimNmI was ii«n known. Tint**' batth' lla;;s w« iv
ni|iinr«M|. .M«'iintini«' IIimmI nuir(-li(*<l on and investiHl
H«*s4ira on tin* llMli, rn-nrirs division artiiip: as r«*ar
;^uainl. (MluT points wrrr atla» k«M|. Imi only a f«w
minor »»ntn< «'ii|»tnr»ML Slicniiiin f<»ll<»w<'«l ia|ti«lly. hut
was una!»l«' lo ovrri.ikr II«hmI, w Iio. in fan. hatl ^i*«airr
o|iJ«M'ts in vifw than wrakcnin;; his aniiv in fruit h'ss
aiini rostiv attacks on ouf well f<iii itiiil ami hia\fl.v
«h*f«'iMhM| positions. On thr .'ili ih<- * Mh- liinnlrfil an<i
Konrth hivona«-k«'<l on*- inih- ftoni Maiii'tta, and march-
in;: n«*arlv to I^i;: Shaiiiy on the tlth, huilt soiu«* li^ht
hi-t-ast Works on a hi;:h hill near a pass whi«h it was
di'taih'd to ;:uai-d. Il< r«- it iiMuaincd until tho stii at
iMMMi. w ht'ii tin- Miai< ii was icsunicd and coniinucd
until within two uiih-s of .\ckwoitli. w lni-c a halt was
inad«'. The !M h was s|M-iit in camp.

<icii<'ial Shci'iuan, who had hccn ciiMi<iiiplai iiiu ili**
situation and knew that all (Icoi-^ia now lay open to
invasion, tch'^ii-aphcd on the IMh to tlcncral Thomas,
thtMi at Nashville, of ins iiiii-m ion lo mardi for the
K4*a c«>ast, leavin;: him to take taie of Mood and his
army. At the sam«' time he dis|»at< lied <Ieneial <Iiant
to the same effect. While awaitiuii an aiiswi-i' an<l
permission, he heard on the Hlih of llood's apjiearance
lielow IJoiue. and turned his ow n armi<'s towards Kin^^s-
ton. nil the evening' of that date the ( Mie Ihimlred
and l-'ourth left camp and marching all ni;:ht camped
Im'VoihI the ICtow ah KiNeifoia few hours. The weather
had turned cold and hardly wttod enough could he
ohtaiiied to make cotTe«'. The men were without blank-
ets and sulTeied ;:reat ly. lloWe\er. at seven of the lllll
the Ke;:iment Started and mo\iii^ on all da\. reached
Kin;:stoii at ni<^ht. where it weni jnio Mvoiiac iuk- mile
Went of iIm* town ill a pine ;:rove. Here rations w«'re
iKKiied and a lar;:e mail fr<tm the north received, which
reKiored the spirits of the hoys to their usual standard.
<Jeneral Sherman a;;ain repeated his re<|m'sts to he
aMowed to make the iiiar< h t<« tin- >-ea. llond failing:

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 247

to obtain tlio siirronder of Rosaca moved off west and
disapjieared. Sherman eontiniied to follow, eominji,' up
with i\ portion of the rebel army at Ship's Gap on the
16th, when rjeneral O. R. Wood's Division charged and
carried the gap, taking as prisoners the Twenty-fourth
South Carolina Regiment. Howard was pushed
through Snake Creek Gap. Thomas meantime had
learned tlmt Hood was near La Fayette. This news
caused great excitement in tlie North, and even General
Grant seemed to be disturlxMl, but it had the good
effect of hastening forward all the new recruits and
detached regiments to Thomas for use against ITood's
invasion. The One Hundred and Fourth, leaving camp
on the evening of the 13th, arrived within a few miles
of Rome at midnight and bivouacked. On the 14th
Calhoun was reached at noon and Resaca in the even-
ing. The next day, the 15th, the Regiment crossed
the Oostenaula and bivouacked at night near the Chat-
tooga Mountains. The march of the 17th was a weary
one by a mere bridle path wliich was very steep, over
the mountain. About noon the Regiment came into
Snake Creek Gaj) as the Twenty-third Corps was pass-
ing through. Moving on, a halt was made at Taylor's
Ri<lge. Some of the boys were revisiting the scenes
of their exploits five months before, but a large num-
ber ha<l gone to the camping grounds beyond the vale!
There was a scarcity of rations on the 17th, and parched
corn was in demand. However, being sent on picket at
Dick's Mountain, Company H levied on some sorghum
and beans and the supper was enjoyed.

The One Hundred and Fourth took up the march
again on the 18th, crossing Tavl(U''s Ridge and advanc-
ing toward La Fayette. A distant view was had of
Lookout Point at Chattanooga, thirty-five miles away.
This sight caused cheers and brought back many thrill-
ing memories. At night the Regiment bivouacked
by the road. Sherman Leland relates the following
good, true and reliable story as to an occurrence here:
"A ceitain Quartermaster in the Brigade, well known
to all the boys, lay down some time after dark to sleep.

MS THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Ilnviii^ preKumably taken oiif •;i>oil snuitzc he HUiMeiily
awakeiHMl, ami f»*<'lin«; roM, also observiii}: the iiumu
jiisi rising,' above the easteiii hills, he calleil out lo his
iie^ro servant: 'Ah'e, Alee! move that lire up nearer
uiy f»-et I' The shout of lauj;hter that greeted hiui
brought back his KeuKes, but fair Luna eontinutMl to
move on in her armstomed «-oui-se.'*

Cieneral Sherman ha«l a few ila.vs pri'vious seeure«l
a half eoiisent from the aulhoritie>; al \\'ashin;:ton lo
his projtnt of a «-:impai;;n throu;;:h <i«'or;;ia, it being
unilerstood that (ieiieral Thomas was to be left iu
rharp* of Sherman's vast department to th«* north.
Hood's army had moved lo ihc vicinity of (Jatlsden,
Alabama, in the meant inie. and oin- aniTh's followed.
Of the movement of the ( Mie Hundred and l-'ourth on
the L'Oth Leland says: "Drew threi- days' rations anti
passin;; through ( "hat too;;:i\ ille, a misciabh* jihue of
a few Innises, near a bridj^e, we crossed the line into
Alabama, and camped near (Jayh*svilh'. Ilcr«\ r«*«t-
in;; from our rec«*nt toilsome marches, we lived on the
fat of the land, enjoying l^featly the chaui^e fiom army
rations to the food of <ivil life. lloj;s, shecji and sweet
I)otatoes Were abniidaiit in this valley. Tin' Tiiird
Division ran two mills and all were supjiiicd uiili an
abiindaiico of coin meal, haitltack takinj^ a back scat
for a time." <U-tobei- lilMh it was Icarm-d thai IIihmI
had appeared before Decatur, .\l;il»aina. and cndejiv-
onnl to ca|»lnre the post. Not succt'cdin;^ and being
hhort of su|>plies, he withdrew and nearly a month
hiter crossed the Tenness«*e at Fhu'eiice. Sherman hav-
ing fully determined to carry out his |»lan, the armies
were put in motion on the 2Sth for Atlanta. That
(Jeneral Thomas mi;:ht be fully juepared to cope with
Hood, the I'ouiMli < 'orps, umler Staidt-y, was sent to
him at once, and a few days later General Schofiehl,
with the Twenty-third Corps. These, with the raw
troops in Nashville and sevei-al divisions at other ])ointH,
together with many garrisons withdiaw ij from the rail-
road between < 'hat t a iioo^^a ami .\tlanta. satisfied <i«'n-
eral ThonwiH that he wouhl have suflicieni forces to m<»et

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 249

Hood. The One Iliiiidrcd and Fonrth, breaking camp
on the 2.stli, and erossiuj;- the (Jhattoo^a, marched three
miles on the Rome road and bivonackerl for the night.
On tlie 29th the Rejiiment marclied twenty miU^s nnd
reached Rome. Diirin<>- the <hiy tlie honse was passed
where General Ransom lay dyino", j^uarded by a detail
of the Fifty-third (LaSalle Connty) Regiment. The One
Hundred and Fonrth remained in Rome three days and
was made' glad by the recei])t of thre(^ months' pay.

It was now known among the boys that they were
to go south instead of north, a plan that met with
their hearty approbation. On November 2nd Hherman's
headquarters were at Kingston, and his four army
corps, with a division of cavalry, were strung along
the road from Rome to Atlanta. On this date he
received a dispatch from General Grant "to go," and
from this hour every energy was bent to the object in
view. The railroad torn up by Hood was put in run-
ning order and taxed to its utmost to remove surplus
stores of all kinds from Atlanta to the rear. The sick
and wounded were sent back to Chattanooga, which
was to be held. The army was put in shape for rapid
marching. The wagon trains repaired and their num-
l)er reduced to the minimum. Sherman proposed to
live on the country after leaving Atlanta, which city
was to be made untenable and left to mourn its deso-
lation. The railroads were to be destroyed north for
fifty miles and the countiw laid waste. The idea of
the "March to the sea" was Sherman's own and may
be called an inspiration. He first conceived it when
Hood began his movement over the Chattahoochee, and
while General Grant, President Lincoln and others, to
whom he broached the subject, doubted, he never
receded, but clnng to it persistently from day to day,
until Grant, his superior, acquiesced. General Sher-
man knew the uselessness of his following Hood after
he had reached Gaylesville. Previously he had cher-
ished some hopes of overtaking Hood in such a posi-
tion that he would be obliged to stand and fight.
Leland says: "There is a report in camp that General

ISO THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

SIhtiikiii s«-iiI tin- Inlldwin^ < liaiiu (ciisi it nM'ssaj^t* to
<M'iHT;il lI'Mitl |i\ <i«'iMM:il \'uiiii;^. :t l«*l»»'l otVlciT «;l|»-
nii«i| ;ii Alhmta: •Till lloml thai 1 am liitMl «tf ful-
Itiuiii;: liiiti ii|» aiitl want liiiii to kIo|» aihl ti^ilit. I.i-i
hiiif llin»\v awav his )iirks ami sjunh'S ami Wf w ill do
tlicsaiiH'. I.ct him choose his <i:i-oiiii(l ami 1 will ihi-ash
him. hilt if h«- will not <|o that I will iikmM him alone
aii<l whi|» him. l»Mt tell jiim also, if he peisists in iMiii-
iiin;; awav 1*11 make a i»eff«Mi hell ..f this roiiin i-\ .' *'
The late rietleiicU < J. MrLaiii. of Company K, ihu8
wrote in ie«:ai<l to Sheinian's plan, lie says: "The
first intimation we ha<l of the intemleil mov(>meni came
to us in the ('hatloo;:a \'all<-y. Imt nothin;; <h-linite
was known until ahoul the lime we left Kin;:st<ni to
romeiitiate at Atlanta. I'loni ihetlay weeniei«'tl that
<ity until we staitetl. the ipiestion was disiussed liy
the boys. Keauie;:ati<| away down in Alahama was
pi'ohaldy ehurkliiij: ovet- iIm- ;;ame he had pui u|i on
Sherman hy sending I loud noiih to transfei- the seat
of war a;:ain to Tennessee and J\entut k\. I*.ui Sher-
man was e(pially lia|>|iy, no douitt, when he turned
from the pursuit of Ijoutl to luareli in ilie sen. .lust
think of it! The ;:allant Hood and his army ignored
l»y Sherm:iii ami left to lie taken care nf h\ uld 'Pap'
Thomas w iih one small corps aided hy some sipiads i>f
;;reen recruits and ne;:ro soldieisl No doiihi Thomas
will ;;ivethein jdeasani enieitaininent.''

Hu No\eml»er 2nd tin- < hie lliind'ed and I'oiirth
marched for and arrived ai l\in;:ston, leinainini: ther«*
until the iL'th. Adjutani \L *'. Stevens, who Imd heeii
h«»ine on leave of ahseiice. returned on the 4th, Itrin;;-
in;: letters for the hoys. Captain Koss, »»f < 'ompanv H.
returned with him. Iiaxiii;: recovered from his woiiml
received at Mission Kid;:e. The Ke;;iment received
orders to prepare for acti\«' campaigning' ami all sur-
plus articles or any re;iard«d as sinh were to he taken
to the rear. < 'olonel II. ( '. Iloitart. Tweiityfirsi Wis-
consin, assumed coiumand of the IMrst |{rii:ade on the
!Mh l>y \ ill lie of seniority. The ( 'olonel was well km»wn
to the writer, hot h having heeii (apMireil at I'hicka-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 251

manga, and pnt in Libby Prison at the same time. The
former escaped tlironoh the famous "lude" and re-
turned to Ills ((niinunid. The Latter escaping; hiter, was
quite surprised to auain meet ("ohuiel Ilohart an<l in
command (»f the First Brigade. The meeting, which
occurred in North Carolina while the army lay in front
of Johnston, was ]>l('asant. The writer remembers
being offered a jxtsition on his Staff, but declin(Ml, He
also wishes that he had declined some "(dd commis-
sary,'' which he believes was surer to kill than bullets.
The movement to Atlanta began on the 10th from
Kingston. The One Hundred and Fourth left on the
12th and marched to Cartersville and camped along
the railroad on the edge of the town. The depot here
being filled with rations, the wagons were loaded to
their full capacity, also the haversacks and knajjsacks
of the men. The de[>ot and town were then burned.
There was such a sui)eiabundance of hard tack that
the First Brigade and another, forming in line on
opposite sides of the railroad-cut had a battle
which caused much merriment. At Cartersville
communication with the north was severed. Gen-
eral Sherman received here his last dispatch, and
from General Thomas, who bade him God-speed. The
wires were cut as he was replying. The One Hundred
and Fourth, marching again on the 13th, crossed the
Etowah, as the bridge and railroad were being
destroyed, and passing Allatoona, began tearing up and
destroying the track by burning. The whole of Car-
lin's Division was engaged in this work until late at
night, when sixteen miles had been ruined beyond
repair. The Regiment bivouacked some time in the
night at Big Shanty, and resuming the march early
on the 14th, soon reached Marietta, once a beautiful
village, now a mass of ruins, having been biirned by
troops in the advance. At night tho Chattahoochee
was reached.

Sherman Leland says in regard to the l.jth: "Cross-
ing the river we arrived in Atlanta soon after noon, and
passing on through streets already warm with the

3&2 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

tleslniviii;; llaiiifs, «aiii|MMl a milr tint side tin* rity. The
wa^«»ii of tin* Ivt'^iiiiciit was smi l»a«k in liastr Inr ilu*
l)a;4;;ii;ir iiml xaliiaith* |»a|MMs of tli«' Kt';;iiM<*ni, and
urriviMJ just in tinn* lo irnioM- ilnni from tin* hark «ii<i
of th«' Iniililin;: while ili«* fioni uas Imrnin^'. All iliat
day thr aii' was r«MH \n ith fxplosiiuis of siont* Imiidinns
used as slorrhonscs by I In* iflirls for ainniiinii ion and
supplies, liy e\enin;i I he eniiie Imsiiiess pail of the
city was oil tire, the tiaines li^^hiin;:: np I he sky in awful
^raiidenr, w Idle ••\|»iodinu shells added lo i he <oiifusi<tn
and rhaos of ruin."

S«T«,'eanl Mel.ain sa\s: "The Tweiitieih Corps
hejian ihe desirnrlion of Ailania and was relieved hy
the I'ifteeiith Corps whieh was hurnin;:: ihe plare when
w«' arrived there. Itnt soiye of the Twentieih, with a
(h'sire t<» destroy everythiii;; and fearfnl that stun** old
ndnd's property woidd be sa\ed. attini: on ihe iin|)ulse
of the inoineiii, letiii'ned to Ailania and sei tiii* in
many plares. t)nr own ainnniiution was saved with
ditheiiliy by t he exert ions of our soldiers. Several ;i«*n-
eral ollireis were there, but they stood batk ami said
iiothin;;, allowin;: ilie soldiers to pursue iheii- own
course."

Captain Snawii wiiies. jn i-.-^aid i.i ih,- |.iii>iiii of
IIoihI and return to .Mlaiiia: "llavin;;: followed Hood
on his way to the total annihilation of his army at the
hands of 'Pap' Thomas, and havinj; j^iveu him a good
Keml ofT as far as .\Iabama. Sherman halted his army
and the ( hie Ihindretl and I^miiiIi boys found ihem-

KtdveS in elo\e|-, so I.I s|»eaU. when I lie ( liilMiMi::;! \'al-

lev was rea»lied. .\«*iiher army had apjiareiiilv b«'en
here befoi-e and t here was ail abundame of all kinds of
forap* for man and beasi. The men uel<(»nied liie
rhange from salt jtoik and liaiij lark io sin h iiixiiries
UH rorn meal, fou |>, nniiion. sucei pt>i;iiiies. di-. .Many

jror;;«Ml I lieiuselves |o | he eXlelll I hat I hey subseijljent ly
regretted it. .\ lid stUlle, in e(inse(|ueme, beeiuuiug sick
Were a few days later seni i.* Nashville, then'by iniss-
iiig t he mareh to the sea. .\fier remaining msir < Jayh's-
ville a wei'k the aiiuv was suddenlv ordered to move

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 253

back toward Atlanta, jjjoiiij;; first t<» Rome. We soon
began the work of destroying the railroads and bridges,
which proceeding astonished tlie i»e(»]»le of the country
greatly. Marietta was a mass «»f iiiins. Entering At-
lanta on the 15th we found the city burning, the flames*
illuminating the whole heaA^ens in the evening. Amidst
the ]>andem(>nium caused by the flames, the yells of the
soldiery, the explosion (d" shells an<l ammunition, we
moved on to our camp in the subtirbs, to prepare for
what all believed was to be a campaign to the sea, but
no one with certainty could name the point toward
AVhicli we were to march."

Thus within three days after communication had
been severed with the north, Sherman's army began
another remarkable campaign that was to become
Avorld famous; a topic of study and discussion among
military men; the theme of the historian and poet, and
the wonder of our own people, north and south. As
events proved, it was the final one undertaken by any
great armv on either side in the war of the rebellion.
As a crowning glory it was to culminate in the sur-
render of the last Confederate army of any size, com-
manded by the very general whom Davis in his rage
had dismissed and denounced a few months before
because he could not accomplish the impossible, yet
in the hour of sorest distress was obliged to call again
to his aid. Joseph E. Johnston was, after Lee, the
ablest of the Confederate generals. In this long cam-
paign the major part of the One Hundred and Fourth
was so fortunate as to be a X)articipant. The numbers
were small, less than two companies when filled to the
limit. There were, hoAvever, numy of the boys who from
sickness or wounds had been sent to the rear at Nash-
ville, and there did good service in helping to repel
Hood's invasion, and. for these who again fought under
their old and loved commander, General Thomas, there
was equal satisfaction in the thought that they were
in the battle of Nashville, Avhich utterly ruined Hood
and his army, while adding new laurels to the fame of
their commander. Some of our boys were also at this

2S4 THK «»NK HrNHHKn AND F«H'HTH

tiiiH* prisuiH'is of WAV ami «*mluriii;: nil tin* tontHMits
of llu* irlirl prisoii lirlls. A ffW ilit'tj, (•! luM's i*S(;i|M*il or

Wfn* tiiially «*x»liaii;itMl. Tin- wiiti-r, \\hil«* follouiiij;
tin* •;l«»rious cantT of tin* Om* IhiiKlri'il ami Fourth in
ii«'\\ ti«*l<ls of honor aii«l uatt-hiii;; its hatth'loni tla;^
waviii;; ovrr Sa\ aiiiiah aii*l It* iiiotivilh* in t h«' final arts
of th«' ;;ran«l «liaina of war, will cntlfavor not to |os«*
si;;lit «»f any of oiir UM-n, who. wln'i»'\«*r tln-y w»'r<',
h«*l|»'«| to ;;ain tin* ultiniato r«*siih, \ittory ami |M'ar«*;
tin* ^raiiin*h- of iho Nation, honor iiniMM'ishalih*: ami
ahovr all, t In* <|niot, |M'rf«'tt sat isfart ion of havin;: fait h
fully rontrihntotl in sonn* »h*j;r«*<* to |(r«*s«*r\<* tln*ir
Nation ami tiovrrnin«*nt in all its intr^^rity for millions
v**t unborn.

CHAPTER XVir.

The March from Atlanta to the Sea— Siege and Fall of Savannah.

The army sclcctiMl by (Jeneral Shei'iiiaii tor the fur-
ther invasion and e()n(iuest of Geori^ia and other states,
was roiii])os(Ml of th<^ Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seven-
teenth and T\veiiti(>th Anuy <'or])s, and one division
of cavalry, of two hriiiades, <oninian<hMl by (leneral
Kilpatrick. The army divided into two win^s,the ri<>iit
and left, was eommanded respectively by Generals
Howard and Slocum. There were thirteen divisions.
Generals ( )sterhaus and Blair commanded the Fifteenth
and Seventeenth Corps, (renerals Davis and Williams
commanded the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps. The
generals commanding divisions were: C. R. Woods,
W. B. Ilazen, John E. Smith, J<din M. Corse, J. A.
Mower, M. D. Leggett, Giles A. Smith, W. P. Carlin,
James D. Morgan, A. Baird, N. J. Jackson, John W.
Geary and W. T. Ward. The artillery had been reduced
to sixtv-tive guns. The total strength amounted to
55,329 infantry, 5,063 cavalry, 1,812 artillery, all equal
to 62,204 men. The wagon train had been rednced to
about twenty-five hundred wagons, divided equally
between the four corps, and these were drawn by fif-
teen thousand mules. There were also six hundred
ambulances draw^n by twelve hundred horses. The
total number of animals to be fed in the country
inarched through was, including cavalry and mounted
oflficers' and orderlies' horses, about twenty-four
thousand, and as there was only forage on hand
for three days, the enemy's corn cribs and fodder
stacks were likely to suffer at once. The army
was to subsist on the supplies found in the coun-
try. General Sherman issued a special order on the
9th of November designed to regulate the order of

iuar< li. tlif luaiiiuT of foia«:iu-, aii<l tin- kiiuls i>f \tvo\\-
♦Ttv whirh uiij:hi hv lakt-ii. lit- also ;:avr powtT to ilu"
it>r|»H r(>iiiiiiaii<tri> jik to tlir <lrstnnti«»ii of ihoiktiv,
hihIi as mills, fattorirs, «•(«-., liki'lv ti» In* usrtl Itv tin*
fiifiiiv. 1111(1 onU-nMl ihai tluMf sliouhl Im* no w anion
ilft*tni«iioii of anvlhiii;:. and a prtHMT tlisciiininalioii
madr bflwtfU llitTirli an<l ilio poor, as tli«' foinn-r wt-r**
IfiMUTiillv luiKiih*, whilf iln- laltiT wen- fiifinlly, at
ItMiH! luMitial. Tin- ir;:ulai- roia;;:in'r was to Im* «loii(»
viivU «lav hv (Iflails from rarli lui^adr un<l«*i- projMT
(►nict-rs. Wliih- in raiiij» tin* soldins \v«mv lo be iHTiiiit-
Itnl to jiatlnT vt'j;t'tal»l«'s. «'ir., within icarli, hni not to
jH» anv tlistaiHf away. They ucio forhiddrn to eiiter
dwrllin;;s or to coniinii any tn-spass. Tin* it*j,nilar
di'tails Wfir to pro\ id*' the pi«»visions and fora;:;**. As
an inlinx of slavt-s was likidy t«> f«dlow, tln*y were not
to l»«' t'inouraj;«*d. 'rinif \\fi<* also provisions made
ft»r piontM-r l»attalioii> in niaU*- roads and hrid;;es, a
most important matter as soon as the flat eonntry of
(MM»r^ia shonld Im* ira«lMM|. (icneral SJM'rman provided
iu sliort for t-very possible citnt in;;enry. and adopted
eviM'v pr«Mantion to insnie sntcess in his n<»vel and
Ixdd eain|iai;:n thronM), tl,,. In-art i)f the reh-l ('.iiiftMl-
t*ra»y.

(Ml Novemlter ir»iii, liic I'lrieentli, Scvenleenlh and
Twentieth (Virps hejxan tlie march southeast and east
h\ dilTereiit rontes for the purpose of misleading; the
enemy as to tin- real destination, which was lirst Mil-
I«Mlj;eville, the capital of t leor^^ia. These movements
pive the appearance of threatening both Augusta ami
Miiron. and it was an idiject to kee]) t he enemy in donht
nnlil the on*- hnndred miles to the reltel capital was
j-ovi'ied. <Jeneral Sht'inian remained with the I'mir-
teiMith < 'nrpK in Ailania uniil iId' Hiih. On thai date
at ei^jii o'clock a. m. ilic lasi of ilie army left the
iloonied city. All four corjts weic then inovinj; south-
ward on as many roads to a common olijcct ive. The
()n<* Hundred and Fourth marched to a place calle<t
Lithonia, east from Atlanta, and Idvouacked ilnre in
sijjlit of Stone Mountain. 'Pin- lJe;;imeni had the

REGIMENT IL LINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 257

julvance and Geueral Hheriiiau rode along b^' its .side
or in the rear, most of the day, thus giving the boys
a fine opportunity to study "Uncle Billy," as he was
now calhMl. Sherman Leland says in regard to this:
"We had three views of him, as all will recollect, first,
sitting on the porch of a log cabin, the humble abode of
a Georgia 'cracker,' where we had halted to rest, a cigar
in his month, while beside him sat one of the female
'poor white trash,' puffing away at her corn-cob pipe.
AVe soon after passed by with as straight faces as pos-
sible and about noon halted for dinner. The General
and Staff i)assed us, and as we moved on after dinner
we saw him sitting on the door steeps of another cabin
eating his crackers and meat from his fingers. The
third time we saw him sitting in the passageway be-
tween the two ends of a cabin, a dozen or two negroes
standing around and staring at him in wonder and
awe." These plain, familiar ways of General Sherman
were well calculated to gain for him the couhdeuce
and respect of his soldiers, who knew that he had
always studied their interests and comfort so far as
lie could and had been careful not to have their lives
needlessly sacrificed in battle. This first day's march
was entered into with great spirit bj' all the army.
The majority believed they ,were going to Richmond
to help out Grant, who did not seem to be making
much progress. The weather was clear and perfect
and the wrought-up expectations of the men found
expression in mirth and song, "Old John Brown" and
other popular pieces being sung with a vim that must
have had an effect, pleasant or otherwise, on the natives
of the country, white and black.

On the 17th the One Hundred and Fourth reached
Conver's Station in time for dinner. Leland says that
an old lady was seen here who allowed that she had
done running away from the Yankees, for this Avas the
sixth time, the first being from Kentucky, and now
she reckoned she would let them go first. In the after-
noon the Division was employed in tearing up and
destroving the railroad for five miles. This work was

»8

•rii*-* <i\i iiivniti |i A N I • KiiriiTH

thoron;:lil\ <l"in-, in<- rails Immii- ImmIiU aii«l ilu-ii
twiNitMl ai-«*iiii<l irtfs willi («»ii;;s iii;i«l«* f»»r ilu* puriMist'.
Al iiii«|iii;:lit tin* Kr<:iiiuMit r;mi|..M| on V«llo\\ liiviT.
No f(irap« was to In- IwkI on tlu* KUli, Imi xUv foia^^crs
taim* ill oil ilu* ITlli, with an alMiinlaiicr t»f swjtI pota
tiM's ami sonu* fn-sli poik. Sonir nr^rors now ln-^an
lo llork in. < 'a pi a in Siiawn ;:iv«'s liis ol»sri\ al ions and
fXiMTifiuu' jis follows ill n'«;ai<l !•» iIkim: "Tin srcoinl
ilav srvi-ral in';,M-ors <ann* m|i, a f<\\ oM intinn mm,
lM*si«l«'s wonn-n ami rliilMnii. I was on picket ami •lur-
ing tlif ni;;lil a party tttnsist in;;: «>f a man ami liis fam-
ily arrivrtl. I tii«-»l to irason wiili liim. It'llin;; him
that w«* Would lia\«* all iliai wf ronhl do lo take ran*
of oni-sflvfs. hr had ln'iici- stay ai lunar and laisr
somnhin;: to livt* on. Unt all lo no pnipos*'. Ih*
s«M'nnMl to rrali/«* that in staitin;^' to f<dlow us his mas-
t«'r would lU'Vrr pardon him. <Io he must, and did.
Wlu'tlu-r In* and his family li\<d lo follow us to Savan-
nah and w<*r«* «ari*d f<M- hy the < Jon crnmcnt, I »lo not
know. It is a fa«t that w ln*n w«* rracln-d Savannah
thrn* w<*r«* lu'twrt'ii nim* and tiii iluMisaml who ha<l
followed in our wakr and wm- tart'tl for hy ilu- <io\-
«*rnm«'nt. My attfiition was ain;n it-d lai<T to aiioiiiri-
;;rou|t. It was made u|) of a woman «>f stuur thirty odd
vt-ars. who had a humllc as lai-j^*' as a wash tul» on lu'f
hrad and a pirkaninny in lirr arms a U-w uionihs old;
another pt-rhaps a yi-ar n\i\ was stra|>p«*d on lirr Itark.

and thr« tlirrs were trotting alonjx hrsidf liti. iIm-

• •hh'st a hoy sonu* trn years (dd. .\s they passed l»y
where .Kdjutant Stevens sat on his horse, he asked tin*
hoy where they wer«* j;<»in;:. lie replied. 'To Savan-
nah, sail!' What spirit h*d him and other negroes t«»
jjiU'ss thus eoirerily our «lest inat ion? This was a <|n<*s-
tion thai pu/zl<*d all of ns at that liim*. In lookin;;: at
that ^i*on|i and others, ap|iarrntly stt un|u-epared for
siirh a journey, we could not but think of the old rhest-
lint in the month of every pro-slavery man in tin*
North: 'What do you want to free tin* niji^crs for?
you ronld not hire tln*in to leavi* tln*ir inast«'rs.' Mere
wi-n- wonuMi and children, from infamv to extreme idd

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 25»

age, startiiig- on a journey of months' duration, hoping
for freedom at the end. Orders were issued that Ihey
were not to be alh)wed to eiuumbcr our march, but
if they kept in the rear and did their own foraging,
they were not to be molested. Their numbers con-
tinuously increased day by day and night by night
during our march. In the north, with few rivers to
cross and no interminable swamps to wade through,
a journey might be made in a pleasant season of the
year, camping out and with comparative comfort, but
here was a motley crew of old and infirm and little
children, setting out in the midst of winter, not ccdd,.
of course, but very chilly at night, so much so that
our own soldiers frequently took turns in keeping uj)
fires. These helpless creatures had full faith that to
follow us uu'ant for them freedom! While to return,
or be captured, meant death! That this was their
thought was evidenced on a certain occasion when I
was lu-esent. The incident occurred at the crossing of
the Ebeneezer River, a deep but narrow stream. For
some reason the pontoons were ordered to be taken
up when the army had crossed. The X)i'actice had been
to leave then down until our black followers were safely
over. The negroes began to arrive and seized with dis-
may, plunged into the stream, alleging that the rebel
cavalry were not far behind and that they would all
be killed. Their pitiable condition and the certainty
that large numbers would be drowned, induced our
soldiers to fell trees across the stream for them to cross
on. However, some were drowned. It is also certain
that many of the old and infirm perished by the way.
Certain large parties of them would attach themselves
to certain brigades. They would learn the names and
numbers of the regiments and generally manage to
reach the commands during the night. In this way
we learned to distinguish them from other parties and
noted the fact that many old and feeble ones had
dropped out. The uninitiated may wonder how this
great mass of people managed to subsist on the long^
march of three hundred miles when the armv was

?6o THK ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

iih\a\.s iM :i.l\;iu« »'. It is true that w«* always siM_Mired
tin* hrst of fViTvlhiiiji and somrt iiin-s all i ln*n* was, but
tlifv WW*' t'lHtmvii'H'tl to fora^«* foi- ilicins»*lvrs, ami
not only l«» foraj^e provisions, but to pit-ss inuli-s, horses,
cartH, wajfons, etc., for their use. IJesiiles, when we
found tin* rounti-y full of pidvisions, w«' «;ave them
nnuh that was h-ft ov«m-. ( "oni|M'll«'d to niaivh in the
rear they wrre fretjuently all ni«;ht in tatihinjj; up, not
darinj; to sh'fp <Milsid«> of our pirkels. IJcsidrs, we
fretpiently niarth»*d all nij:;ht ourselves, which was
extremely wearisonir lo all. KnM|ii«'nt ly, in tlu'sc ni;;ht
mar«hfs wr had to hah every few rods, not even at-
(emptin;; to lie iloun. foi- we never knew how lonjj; the
halt woiild last. It all «lepeii»led on the widtli of the
swamp an<l the ener;;:y ami iiuuiImms id the jtioneer
corps. With all these delays the ne^^roes had to he
content as well as iMii'selves."

The march of the ( Mie lliiinlied ami I'mii-ili oil ihe
iSth was toward < '<»vin;;ton. (Mi crossing; i lie Veijow
Kiver it was found that the other two divisions of the
Fourteenth ('or|»s had loin ii|) the railntatl for a «lis-
tance of ten miles. In the afternoon tin* K«'^duu'nt
arrive<l at rovin^Mon. which was found to be a ju'etty
town of some lifieeii hundred people. Sei^eaut McLaiii
says: "What aiiiacied m\ eye most was the pretty
jjirls of w'liich the town was full. P.ui I must say
that, with one ex<eptioii, 1 did not see a person whoso
position and worldly circumstances entitled them to
]>romincnce aim»n;r the rebels, who \\as friendly to our
cause, ami I was not surjtrised at all when I heard a
few <lays afterwanl that several of our imn w ho were
tinw<dl and had s1ra;;^ded in the rear, were capliiied
l»y the citizen enemy, taken to ('oNin^'tou and haiii:ed.
In passing; throu;;h the town our ranks were closed ui>,
the tia^K unfurled and the bamls treated the citi/<'ns
with some ])atriotic music that, however inu<-h they
haled, they had to listen to." At ni^dil ilie Keiximent
cam|MMl be\ond the ]Vi'^ 11 ay lie's < 'reek, nine miles from
CV)vinjjton. Meantime the Twentieth Corps had been
busy in destroying tlic railroad a few miles ahead at

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 261

Social Circle, which was fifty miles from Atlanta.
Howard had demonstrated with the Army (tf the Ten-
nessee and Kili)atrick's cavalry on Macon. The latter
actually got inside the rebel defenses, but could not
hold them and fell back on the infantry, a brioade of
which (Walcntt's) was attacked by G. W. Smith's rebel
force from Macon. However, this bri<iade, wliich was
armed with Spencer's repeaters, made havoc among the
rebels, who retreated to their works.

The Fourteenth Corps was marching on the IDth
direct for Milledgeville. The One Hundred and Fourth
made twelve miles and camped beyond Sandtown, a
place of three or four houses. Some extensive foraging
was done in the evening. The army was now in the
midst of a rich country and did not fail to live on the
fat of the land. Bacon, fowls, meal, sweet potatoes
and molasses were appropriated in liberal quantities.
No hostile foe had before trodden this part of the sacred
soil of Georgia and the South, and the people had an
opportunity to realize what war meant when brought
to their own doors. The One Hundred and Fourth
marched twenty miles on the 20th, camping late on
Whitfield's Plantation, the owner of which owned two
hundred and fifty negroes and, of course, was a rebel.
The march of the 21st was rendered unpleasant by a
hard, cold rain storm. The Regiment made only nine
miles and camped. The One Hundred and Fourth
started early on the 22d; the storm had cleared aAvay
and it Avas cold. In the distance could be seen the
flames of burning buildings in Eatonton, where the
Twentieth Corps had preceded us. A halt was made
four miles beyond in a pine grove. Large fires were
kept up all night. The 28d opened up bright and clear
and the Regiment, marching early, halted for dinner on
Howell Cobb's Plantation, which was AerA- large and
splendid. When it was knoAvn that the arch traitor,
Howell Cobb, OAvned this princely domain, the army
proceeded to strip it of all things that Avould be of use,
and left it in a state of ruin. The One Hundred and
Fourth was approaching the environs of the capital

2e THE ONE Hr.NDKED AND FOURTH

tlil'oiii^li oil*' of (1m* rirhrsi :iii<l tiiirsi stTiioiis iif iln»
8tal<S whifh it was cviiiciil lM'l«nj;r«Ml i«i th«' wraliliy
rlassi'H. TIh'si* wfn* now to i-oiitribuic lo tin* siip|>(»i't
of tin* anii> aii«l iiia«l«* t«» f«M'l tin* ri;;ors of war. TIn»
«'in*iiiv hail iioi matl»* aii\ jnfparations foi- thr dcftMisc
of .Mill«M|;i«-vill«u iH'ili;^ l«'i| to hrlicvr iliai Maroii wouM
Im» uttarktHl (111 arcoiiiit «if ili<* lai-;:t' miiiilMi- of far-
ttU'iesainl war siipplii-s tlnn-, wliirh tli«*\ w«m«* anxious
to prrscrvr. all tin* tiiiir for;;«'Hin^^ thai SluMinan's
army. l»v «l«'stro\ iii<^ lh«' railiojnls to .M;n«ni, »(tnl(l r«ii-
^h'r tlirir material iisflrss.

So roin|il<*t<'l,\ hail llirv luiii i|iiii\ iil. ihal tlu»V
miiovi'ij all tlif militia from iIh- rapital rity, ami
liln-rat in;; tin* convicts in 1 hr pcnitiMit iary. arnnil them
ami sent them lo Mjhimi. Kilpat rick's cavalry sml-
<lriily cntcieil I III- ci(\ (in I hi- L'lsl ami tin- ilismay
ami confusion jinioii;: iIh- pi'o|i|i- ami in iIh- Lc^^isla-
tur«*, then in session, was heaulifiil to Itehohl. The
exit of tloverimr Hiow ii ami his hrother rebels in
frei;;ht cars, in caiiiai^es ami on foot In-fore Kiljtat-
rick's troopers, is saiil to have heen lomical. Their
archives were left Itehiml. The Twentieth Corps
reacheil the ihy' mi iln- -IM. Sii^i-ant McLain,
<lescril»int: the march of the L';'.il, sass: *•( >iir route
lay llirou;;li heautiful scenery enlianceij l»\ ihe spjeii-
<li(l weather. The lamlsca|ie is neither a hroail le\el
]ilain nor ru^'^eil mountain, hut the country is umlu-
lalin^^ stmhleil with limber, with a creek runnin;;
throu;;h it, ^i\in;; a lieauly such as the e\e loNes to
dwell ujion. .\ll nalure was in her Sunday hesi. win-
ter hail not set in here ami the meadows were as i;ieen
as in .May. I Miring' the march we passed the planta-
tion of Lci- (lordoii. a Lii'Ui"'ii;ini in i he nliel army.
This is said lo hi* the iiiiesi :iml Inst kept |ilaniaiioii
in all <ieor;:ia. The ;:arileiis niiij lawns are elegant.
Over all presides .Mrs. Lee ( Jordoii, surroumieil wiih
He;;ro ser\ants and e\er\ accessory of wealth." The
i)ne lliimlred ;ind I'ouiih, mai'chini: aiiiidsi such
Kcenes as these, at last reached the suhurhs of Mil-
liMl^eville and under strict ordeis remaiiu'd in camp.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 263

But it is to be presuiiKMl that some of the hovs iiiaii-
a|i(Ml to see the rebel cajtital tliat eveiiinii. The troo]>s
that had jn-ecech'd them fared better in th<' matter of
sij>htseeiiiji'. Tlie state arsenal was tilled with arms*
of all kinds, s]>ears, lances and murderous bowie-knives
amonn' them. Thes<' were i-ai'ried off as (•uri(>sities, but
soon destroyed. The state ])aper, or scrip, was found
ill abundance in the capittd and some of this taken
alon«>- with the other thinjj;s. The evening of the 23(1
closed with all of the left wing in an<l around Mil-
ledgeville and the right at Gordon, twelve miles dis-
tant. Our men found here news]»a])<M's of late date
from all over the South. Sonn^ of these re])reseuted
that Sherman and his soldiers were fleeing for their
lives to the sea coast, and called on the people to rise
in their might and destroy tlu^n. Jt seems strange
that ])eo])le could be so imposed upon by such stuff,
but m> doubt many were. However, the people of
Georgia did not "rise in their might" to any great
(^xtent. (Jeiieral Beauregard, from the safe distance
of Gorinth, Miss., issue<l the following bombastic aj)-
peal : "To the people of Georgia ! Arise for the defense
of your native soil! Kally around your patriotic Gov-
ernor and gallant scddiei-s! Obstruct ami destroy all the
roads in Sherman's front, flank and rear, and his army
will soon starve in your midst. Be confident. Be reso-
lute. Trust in an overruling Providence, and success
will crown your eff'orts. 1 hasten to join yon in the
defense of your homes and firesides, (i, T, Beaure-
gard," "Uncle Billy" and his boys only smiled on pe-
rusing such crazy appeals as the above. They could well
afford to. One hundred miles had been successfully
travers'ed ami without any fighting worth mentiouiug.
The army had lived high on the products of Georgia
and were growing fatter and stronger every day. They
had come to look on the trip as a grand picnic and
were not getting tired, but more anxious to prolong it,
if anything. In this s])ii'it the army again set out on
the 24th, first, however, burning the arsenal, peniten-
tiary and a few other buildings. There was undoubt-

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOl'RTH

(•M\ aiKI riMSSIli;; I In* « M-oiHM' lil\ci'o|| ;i roVflril hrnl«;('
wliirli tin* riHMiiv had failrM to Imiiii. stum riitt-rtMl tlie
JMIM'V wihmIs i«'i,'iuii and caiiiiK'd at two |». in. at Town
CnM'k Mills. TIk- r.ii^adf, \\lii<-li had lakrii a (•i«»ss
road, raiiif to ;i h.nisc tilh*d with ;;<mm|s w hirh iIm-
«»wn«M' had riiiiccMJfd. The st»>fk was <*stiniai»'d lo he
w<»rth sixtv thousand dollais. Tliosr j^uods were

«»wn«M' had riiiiccMJfd. The st»>fk was <*stiniai»'d lo he
w<»rth sixtv thonsand dollais. Tliosr j^uods were
qiiitklv sampled and' some <tf them dist lilnited, e\eiv
sohlier takin;; what lie wanted, Imi a |tailialiiv was
shown for |iaper collars. The Ke;:^iment peifunurd
picket dniv at this |da<e, called \\<md's IManiaiioii,
until the afteniocin of the L*r»th.

The left win;:: l»ein^ well chtsed ll|i mi I lie 'J.-itli the
mai'ch was res nnn-d on t he l!(>t h, t in- < Mk- II mid red and
I'onrih reachin;: the hiij l?iillalo swainji at imon, w hich
was crossed with mnch ironlde, the men jtickinu: their
way fiMM|ncntly on fallen trunks of trees. The last
re;:iiueuts «»f the command did not ^^et tlirou;:h until
inidni;rlit and were li^hieil on iheir wav liy torches.
The Ke^inieiit Iiivouai ked on a sandy rid;:('. At daw n
ofthe'JTth it started a^ain and waded aiioi her swamp,
tluMi procee«|ed and reacheil SandersN ille ai noun. The
rouri house, jail ami other hiiildin^^s had Iteeu hurm'd
!»v our advance forces, the reh«*ls havin;: made some
resistance here. There was a delay of several Inuirs
on a<-couiit of ha\in;: to wait for the jiassap* of the
ravalry train and droves of catih that were taken
ahui;:, so that the lke;.:inient did not lea\e town until
(lark and then marched until midni;:ht. (Mi the L'St h

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 26S

the march was resumed toward Louisville. On the
way the First Division of the Tw(Mitieth Corps was
found to be enj.ia«;('d in (h'stroyinj; the Cieorj»ia Cen-
tral Railroad. At nij^ht the One Hundred and Fourth
camped at ten p. m. live miles west of J^ouisville. The
29th was opened with an early march. The Kej»iment
crossed the 0«>eechee River and soon after Kocky
Creek, where, for the first time, cypress trees an<l
palms were seen, an indication of a more tropical
clinuite. Innumerable swamps now appeared and one
of these was i)assed through over two miles of coi'du-
roy road. The Regiment went into cam]) four miles
beyond Louisville. (leneral Kilpatrick, who had been
sent to Milieu to liberate the Federal prisoners, find-
ing they had been removed, started toward Augusta
and met Wheeler's cavalry, with whom he skirmished
some time and then withdrew to Louisville. Mean-
time the main army steadily advanced toward Milieu.
Leland says of the 30th: "Our Brigade being in ad-
vance, the march was easier and at sundown we went
into camj) two miles east of Sebastopol Station on
the Central Railroad. We found to-day an abundance
of forage, such as pork, poultry and meal. The weather
proved to be very warm." C. C. Courtright, of Com-
pany G, says: "The negroes had a grand jubilee after
dark; the boys built a platform, provided a fiddle, and
the darkies more than hoed it down, one old fellow
dancing on his head, and keeping time to the music."
A short march of five miles was made on the 1st of
December and the Regiment halted for the day at
nine a. m. on a plantation called Nazareth. On the
2d the march was resumed at noon and extended in
all directions, first toward Millen, then toward
Augusta, which Kilpatrick, with Baird's Division, was^
threatening. After inarching some miles and until
after dark, the command bivouacked in an open field.
On the 3d the Augusta Railroad was reached by the
One Hundred and Fourth at Lumpkin Station and the
Twentieth Corps was engaged in tearing uj) and burn-
ing the iron and ties. Before leaving on the 4tli the

JM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

K«*};iiii«Mit iissisii'tl in fmilici- drsi i«»\ in;; iln- iua<l mikI
thru iii:in-li<*«| 1*1 llaiit'isliaiii. aiiiNiii;; :il iumhi. At
iii;;ln a hall N\as math' in a piin* f»»n*sr a f«'\v iiiiN's in
aWvaiHM* aiitl ten niiirs from Millni. TIm- S«*vrnt<M'iitli
t'orps «Mil«'nMl iIh* latttT jihirr on tin* '.\t\. Kilitatrirk
lia<l ilciMMiisiralt'ti aii<l fMn;;lii Wliri'lrr at \\ aviM*sl»oro,
su|i|Kin«Ml liy Haii-<l. It.\ this inMMMiiriii oik- ^^oitil
(hiv's iiiarrh towartl Savannah had Immmi ;:aiii«Ml and
\N'hr«*h'r |ii-«'\(>nl<*<l fi(»ni annovinj; th«* main aiin\ and
the trains. 'IMu* ••ncnix roidd imi imiain nnnh h»n;^<T
in ij^mirancr of Sh«'iinan's real ul»j«*ri ixc ( )n ih<* r»th
th(* OiH* Hundred and l^mrih mar<h<'d roniliMMi niih'S
on th«' Savannah road through a sparsely settled ronn-
tr\ rov«Med >\ith swamps, and ramped afiei- daiU at
La wton's Mills on Iteaver 1 )am < 'reek. The wlioh- army
was tonvi'rjiin;:; on Savannah 1>\ four |»arallel roads.

Ml l.a\\*s rehel division and some militia had I n

thrown in fiont of Sherman at ( J^eechee < 'hnrrh, ahout
fifty miles from Savannah, Imt ou the approaeh of
the Seventeriilh Corps on I lie ."»ili retreated toward
Savannah, leaviiii; their iiewly made woiUs. <Iem'raI
Wheeler in the real- was kepi ai hay ity Kilpai rick's
eavalry. The army was fasi ap|troarhiii|i.: the sea, and
theeonntiy hecanie )ioorer ill appearance, with houses
ami sei I lejiiciils fewer ami far heiwceii. Iniermiii-
al»le pine ami cypress swamps prevailed. I'ion jsions
and foi-;;ae liecame scai'cer, Itiit I heir jdace was siip|died
l»y rice, which t;rew almiidantly alon^ the ii\eis in this
part «»f the state and was harvested hy the ln>ys. The
main roads were ;;o<m1, the weal her tine and e\ t-iyhody
in hi;,'li spirits. .Md.aw fell hack steadily iiiiiil he was
safe within the defense of Sa\annali. Some of his
men liein;: taken prisoners a thrined that t he army could
never lake Savannah. The Hue Ihiiidred ami I'oiirth
marched seventeen miles on llie )iili all ilie way near
the Savannah Kiver just across which the sand hills
of Sonth ('arolina rose into view, t Mi the way a rehel

Hteamhoat, the "Swan," was sunk l»v oi f iMir hai-

teries. She was loaded with corn for Savaimali. .No
ol her imideni of importance mar keil t he day. .\ i iii;;ht

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 267

the camp fires of Sherman's army made of blazinj^ pine
knots, illnniinat(Ml the whole eonntry, and were sur-
rounded by as joyous a lot of soldiers as ever went to
war. On the Ttli the One Hundred and Fourth led tlic
advance of the Division over heavy roads which had
been blockaded where they crossed the swamps. This
work had been done by citizens and negroes, the hit-
ter beiiiij;- run off a litth' later into South Carolina,
Sergeant McLain says of the movements of the 8th:
"After marching until noon we halted for dinner and
wliile thus engaged a rebel gunboat came down the
river and fired several shots at the head of our column;
then returned up the river. That night the HcgiuHMit
camped on Ebeneezer Island, near a very old church
of the same name. It was built in 1761) and used by
General Greene's army as a hospital in the lievolu-
tionary war. The church, which was of brick and inside
had an old-fashioned pulpit and high-backed pews,
stood in a very picturesque spot In a pine forest on the
bank of the river. Near by were the remains of an
old fort built by iTOvernor -Tared Irwin in th<^ early
settlement of the countiT. One in looking over these
ancient relics is forciblj' struck with the antique
appearance of everything. The forest, the fort, the old
Ebeneezer homestead, and the church, carried the mind
back to other days. The waters of the Savannah on
the left flow silently by wending their way to the ocean.
The island showed ample evidence of former high cul-
tivation and prosperity. As one reflects on the many
changes he cannot but wonder how many of the
descendants of those noble old sires who built the
church and fort, are now in arms against the Govern-
. ment their forefathers fought to establish."

The One Hundred and Fourth marched on the 9tli
over roads which had been blockaded with fallen trees.
Cannonading was heard in front. Another swamp was
crossed and some time after dark the Regiment camped
near the forks of a road where the rebels had built a
Ifort. Our advance had driven them from this with

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

uaii was iiiiKic on tli<' railroad t<*ii miles ii-oiii savan-
nah. Soiur of tin* l»ovs wcni out fora;iin;; ami i»'t uriu-il
well la«lcn with foildri-, pork ami |>oulirv. < in the lltli
of I iiM-cmlxM' iln* (im* Ihimlird aii<l I'oiiilli, marching
six milrs, ari'i\r<l within ti\r mih-s of Savannah ami
roust riict «mI InfasI works. Il<i<ii sii|i|mh (<•<! l*n*s<*ott'H
Hattt-rv. First Illinois Artili»i\. l>»-foic ilirarmy now
ilosin;; in lav "I'air Savannah," siiri-oMmh'tl l»v fxtcn-
sivf svstrins of fort ilirations ami th-frmh-d hv an army
iiml«*r <i<'m'ral llardtM-. Tlif 11th closed with an

iiiid«*r <i<'m'ral llardtM-. Tlif 11th closod with an
almost <-om|d«'t<' lim' of invest iin-nt \>\ our foiccs. 'Tin*
h'ft of th«' Tui'iit i«*t h ('or|»s rest od on the Savannah
lkiv«-r. m-xt to it were the Seventeenth and I'ifteeiith
('or|»s. and the I'oiiii eeni li on the riulil. < Mi i he TJih
tin' <)m* llnndied and I'oMith » lussi-d ilie Sa\annah
and ( );;eerhee eanal, ino\ed n|) a (piarter of a mile ami
bnilt a heavy lim* of works under lire of the rehel liat-
ttM'ies. situated <»n the opposite sid»' of a llooded riee
swamp. The I'ifieeiit ji (nrjis. itein;; relieved hy tin*
Seveiiieenih, marched down the (lj;e«'chee Ki\er to-
ward I'oit .McAllister. This l>arri<*r stood in the way
of eommniMcat ion with the tieet, which, umler Admiral
I>ahl;:ren, had been sent with supplies to await the
itrrival of Sherman's armv, and was then in <>ssalriw
Sound and vicinity, helovv the fort.

The lirsi step taken l»v <Ieiieral Sheiiuau was to
ju-epare for the <a|»tnre of |\.ii McAllistei-. TIm' Sec-
oml liivision of the I'ifieeuih < "orps. iimler < leiieral
Ilazen, was selected for the assault, to vvliicji ii uiov-il
on the l.'lth. from Kind's I5rid;:e, fourteen miles helow.
<'aptain jiuiican ami two others of Sherman's hest
Hcoiiis had on the e\«'nin;; of the iL'th tpiieilv floated
down the ( l;;eechee in a skilT under cover of the dark-
ness past the fort, ami lepurted Sherman's arrival to
the lleet. «ieneral Kilpatiick was also s«'ut with civ
ailrv to let tin n« liter t he posii ion, which he 1 1 id. « ieiieial
Sherman, to hasten sn impoiiaui a moveuieiii, ami

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 269

leaving the main army for tlie time, repaired to King's
Bridge and on tlie 13tli witnessed the storming of Fort
McAllister from one of our signal stations situated on
a rice mill some three miles from the enemy. The fort
had been built with reference to attack from tlie sea,
while the laud side was weaker, but protect«Ml by ditch
and abatis. Kice fields extended northward and west-
ward bordered with timber. Late in the afternoon
Hazen's Division was seen to advance across tlie rice
fields to the assault in firm steady columns with col-
ors flying. Instantly the defenders of the fort opened
fire from their heavy guns, but Hazen's men, in three
lines, moved briskly on until the skirmishers, gaining
the abatis and felled live oaks in front of the parai)et,
were enabled to pick off the rebel gunners. With
shouts and yells the soldiers rushed over the obstruc-
tions and into the works. The garrison of two hun-
dred and fift}' men, under Major Anderson, then sur-
rendered. Thirty-six heavy guns were among the tro-
phies. Just as the lines were moving to the assault
the smokestacks of a stamer were descried coming
up the river below the fort. The signal officer was
notified of Sherman's presence, and soon after of the
capture of McAllister. In this afl'air Ilazen lost ninety-
two men, the rebels about fifty. Sherman resolved to
visit the fleet that night, so, accompanied by General
Howard and several of his Staff w^ho acted as crew,
he started down the river in a skiff'. On the way,
learning from our soldiers below that General Hazen
was at the McAllister house, a landing was made and
a late supper eaten with Hazen and his Staff*. Major
Anderson was also present as a guest. After supper
the party inspected Fort McAllister by moonlight and
saw the dead and living lying side by side, some to
wake no more, others dreaming perchance of the fierce
assault and victory. Sherman and party then em-
barked, and after going six miles further, reached the
boat Dandelion, a tender to the regular gunboat "Flag."
It is hardly necessary to say that the reception by the
officers of the Dandelion was hearty and that there

iTO THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

\\a> j<>\ all r«>uii«i. (i«*ii«ral Sli«'riuaii thcii Icaiiicil the
lalt'si news fiHMii tlu* Noi'tli ami iibmit the mails and
sii|i|>lirs au ail ill;: his aniiN. Tin* icsi of i In- iii;:hi was
s|M'iit ill iiMfivii'Ws with <J«Mi«*ial F«>si«'r ami A<lmiral
Diihl^nii. Thr 14th was jjivfii to the coiiiplctioii nf
aniiii;:«'imiils f«ir fuiwanlin;: supplies to Kin;:'s ln-i«l;;t'
till lln* « >o,mtIhm', fur ilisiiilnil itui to llic aniiv. Sh«*r-
man ih»*n nMiiriUMl to llo\vai«rs h«'a«h|Marl«'i*s.

M«'antiim' siimc prrliminarv ni«iv«'m«*nts had liccii
l>(*};iiii liMikiii;; to the riMlnrtion of Savannali. One of
these was an ailemi»i to close llard<M''s only avenue
of rs«ap«' l»\ poiiioMii ovrr I he rivrr and |>laiik cause-
way into South Csirolina, hut this failed.

t Ml the ni^iht of the ir)th Colonel llt»l»ail, with the
(hie llumlied and Foiiith ami two other r«';iinients of
his Hri;;atle, made a reconiioissance !<• ascertain t he |>os-
sibility of crossing; t he swamp, or siilniieriied rice lields,
hetwiMMi his position :iml the rebel lines. The b<»yH
wad«il in for a considerable distance. In places the
water was <leep, reaching; to the armpits ot some. The
route taken was found to be impracticable, ami the
enemy becoming; alaiMiied ami ojienin;: hie, ilie coin-
inami was ordered back t«> camp, where it aniveil wet,
cohl ami disiinsted with tJeoiM^ia swamps.

The next ni;;lit Lieutenant .lames M. \\ ri;:lil, of
<'oinpaiiy I, a bra\e and venturesome ollicer, deter-
mined to tin*l some wa\ of ciossin;: the swamp if it
could be done. lie set oul alolie oil a tlitTereiit route
from that taken the ni;:lit befoie, and suc«eeded in
reachin;: a h»w lyin;; bank of liriii i^iouml at the e«l;:e
of the timber, which he snpp<>seil was the boundary
of the swamp ttii the enemy's side, ami on top of w hich
was an old rail feme.

Lieutenant \\iii:lii's |ui\ate e.xpt'dition beinn; re-
ported to < 'oloiiel llobart, the latter, on tin* afternoon
of the r.Mli. oi-dered Majoi* W'idmer to cross on the
route discoNeied by \\'ri;:lit, and reconuoiter the woods
on the rebel side of the swaiii|t thai iii^^ht to liml «>ut
if tluTe was room to form tin* Hri^^ade on lirtn ;:roumI
bet we<*ii the swam |t ami the enemy's main line of works.

REGIMENT IT.LINOTS VOLUNTEERS. 271

which were in the woods an<l out of sij^ht from our side
of the swani]), excepting- a lunette for three ^uus, which
was ou tiip rebel ed^c of (he swaui]) and in full view.
(Ndonel llobart t(dd Maj<U' WiduuM- to use his own
ju(lj»nient as to the number of nu'u to uuike the trip,
to take the whole Kef^iment if he thouj;ht it necessary,
or <;(> alone if he wanted to, but, ;it all events, to get
the recpiired infcn-mation that niiiiit.

The Major selected Captain Proctor, Lieutenant
Wright, Mark Purviauce and William Frink, all of
Company I, to go with him. Each was armed with
two revolvers, and carried a liglit pole with which to
feel the depth of the Avater, and all went bareheaded,
so as not to be readily distinguishable^ from other
objects in the dark. The night was extremely dark
and the party proceeded to work its way across the
swamj) with the utmost caution, as no part of the route
taken was more than three hundred yards from the
rebel lunette, and it was knoAvn that the enemy at night
had pickets out on several dikes that extended i)art
way across the swamp.

At length the bank found by Wright on his former
trip was reached, but it was discovered that a canal
or feeder for the rice swamp, abont twenty feet wide
and tilled with water six feet deep, lay between the
bank and the nuiinland. How to cross was the (pies-
tiou. By using his pole Major Widmer found a sub-
merged log lying across the feeder, and on it, he, Ca])-
tain Proctor, and Lieutenant Wright ])assed over, leav-
ing Frink and Purviauce to guard the crossing. The
ground was carefully ex])lore(l up to the rebel line of
works, and it was found there Avas room to form the
Brigade between the feeder and that line. After an
absence of more than four hours the party returned to
our side of the swani]). Major AVidmer, reporting to
Colonel Hobart that the route was ])racticable, was
ordered to select one hundred men of the One Hun-
dred and Fourth to lead an assault on the rebel works
the following night. Lo(dving to that end he had poles
prepared to use as sleepers for a bridge across the

m THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

*

fiftlrr, 1*11 whiih rails froia ilu* tdil fi-iuf wi'ie to be
laid; lonlu'K wiTt* also iiuule, to be U8e<l if necessary,
and ilu* dt'tarliiiH'Ui was hrld it-atly t«> luakt* tln' assault
whi'UrXfr tU'dfj-fd. Tln'it' is no duiilii ii \n»hi1»I liavr
Imi'Ii sut«fssfiil, hill lln' «*variiaii<»ii nf tjic ciiciiiv iliat
iiijjlil I'l'iidniMl it iiiiii«M«'ssar\ .

S«M»ii afi«T «»iir anii> irarlicil ilif rii\ (oloiu'l
IluWarl rrri'ivi'd liis hn-vi't as ltii;j;atli«'i-( Jtin'ial f(»r
his a«tivitv diiiiii;; tin* si«*;;«*, and he r«»m|iliiii<'iit<'<l
Major WidiiHT's party l>y y;iviiij; tlnMii a l»ain|iitt at
his h«'adi|iiai-t('!s. wliirli was nijoyrd l»y all in i iim*
anii.x st\l«'.

I) mi 11'^' III*' I iin*' ln-t utMii i in- PJi li and 'Jlsi tiic nuc
liuiidn'd and l^mrili in addiiion to takin;:; jiaii in iId'
advt'iitiin' of (h<' ir.ili, was fully (MM-upied in jx^Jit'diii^j
its liin* of a inilf in l<n;;th. Naii(tw dikes ran amiss
llif rirr swamps and butli aiinics walclu'd tin* ap-
|tr«iarln'S to ihcsi*. Tlify wri'«* also «onimand«Ml by
artilliTy. Tlwrr was nnirli fora;;inj; donr in lln* «ouii-
try around Savannali. bni pending; iIm' ariival ol sup-
plies tlM' boys liulb'd rict* to help out the rations.

( '. (\ < "oiiit lij^hl, s|H*akin;; of this, says: "\\ «•
poiindi'd lor hulled) lire in mess ])ans with the butts of
our ;:uns; liowevei-. not bein^ able to uei all the hulls
off, when i-aiin;; tin- ri<e some ol ii siialrhed all the
way down." Leiand notes that the army at this lime
looked well ami hearty with hardly a case of sirk-
n«*HM in till- Ke;:iment. lie also says: "(in i lie Hlih
we rereJNed uiir llisi mall from the Norili. In the
evening w«' heard a rebel band playing 'l>ixie' and
*l|oiin'. Sweet lloiin-.' As ilie lovely sii'ains came
IJoatin;,^ to ns across the water some of us felt blue.
While here I weiity-seNeii rnion soldiei-s came in. 'Phey
had b«i*n jtrisoiiers of war for over a year and joined
the rebel army as the <piickest way «»f n'achin;; our
liin*s."

Frank W . Hums, of Company I, postmaster of the
I''irst Division, says: "The lar;;est mail ever received
by m»' was at Savannah. It look a six-mule army
Wii;;oii lojided to the bi;; canvas covei* !o carrv if . Tlirci-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 273

hundred dollars' worth of staiups which 1 obtained for
the Division was only a fraction of what were wanted
for the first mail out from Savannah and 1 was kept
busy franking- letters that there were no stamps for."

General Sherman had sent for heavy siege guns,
and was preparing to assault the rt'bel works, which
after careful reconnoitering it was decided coukl be
done successfully. By the ITth his supi)lies were com-
ing in from sea in great quantities. On that date he
made a formal demand through a flag of truce on
General Hardee for the surrender of the city. On tlie
18th an answer refusing to surrender was retnrncMl.
General Sherman, directing Howard and Slocum to
continue the preparations for assault, left at once by
sea for Hilton Head to confer with (ieneral Foster and
arrange with him to send General John 1*. Hatch's
Division to Savannah for the purpose of operating on
and taking possession of the old plank causeway on
the South Carolina side, which was Hardee's only ave-
nue of escape left to him. This nuitter was setth'd and
Sherman set out on his return on the 20th. Being
delayed by low tide he did not arrive near Savannah
until the 21st, and was met on the way by a staff
ofticer with tlie news of tlu^ fall of Savannah that
morning. Hardee had retreated across the river into
South Garolina during the night of the 20tli with his
army of about fifteen thousand men and the light artil-
lery, after blowing up some of the public ])roperty, bnt
vast quantities remained and were captured by our
army. Among other trojjhies were two hundred and
fifty cannon which he left unspiked; all the railroad
rolling stock; thirty-one thousand bales of cotton
l)elonging to the Confederate Government, and much
other material. Early on the morning of the 21st our
pickets had discovered that the I'obel works were aban-
doned. Upon hearing this Slocum and Howard
marched their troops in. Geary's Division claimed
to be the first to reach the heart of the city. The One
Hundred and Foui'th, crossing the rice swamp in front
on a dike, marched to the Ghimney Fort and bivou-

L*:4

■v " NI)KK1> .\V'> loiKTH

arkttl UIuliT the « t(l;il> ;ill«l livr «>aKs ;il<MIIul l.;i \\ I < in's

lioiisi*. On till* L'L'ikI (III* Kr^hiifiit iiiarrliiMl ilii-ti\i::h
iIh' priiu-ipal strtnMs of tin* til v aiid was iliariin*«l wiili
its bcaiilifiil a|i|>«sii-aiK-f, so (lilTci-t'iit fritiii aiivtiiiii;:
stiMi iM'foif. Tlifi'i* was a drciiitMllv iropiral air aboiii
fV<TVt hilly;. Tin* lions«'s with l»ro;i(l ami latii««'<l vnaii
lias, till* vanis till«Ml wiili i-ar«' tlo\\i>rs in Mooni, tli«'
palm and oninp* iihm's, wnr intnvstin;; sijilits i«»
Im'IioM. Tin* livi* oaks. (iiaiMMl with Spanish moss (Til-
iaiitl^ia) ailoi-n«'«l tin* str«i>is anil paiks. It wonhl Im*
hard to drscrilM* tin* f«M'lin;is of satisfariion that p«*r-
vadiMl all on this irinmphal mar< h, the tilting snpn'l
to tin* (■anipai;:n lM*;;nn t*arl\ in NovcmlH'i-. ami with
sonn* mis;:i\in^. Tin* rrsnit ha<l Imm-ii attaim-d with
out anv hattic on tin* thn'** hnndn'd mih's' Jonnn'v
and provi'd ihr wisdom of (icmM'al Sln-rman w Immi Im*
i«»n««*iv«'d tlu' project that was to add to his fame as
a t-ommamh'r aii<l strategist, e\eii moie than did the
Atlanta rampai^ii. 'rin* < Mn* Ihiiidied and I'onith
ha\in^ shared in the army's triumph on the L'L'ml,
niai'ched out two miles imrihward and wfnt into camp.
(Ml the march from Atlanta the loss to Sheiman's
armv in killed, wtuimled ami missin;:: amonnted in the
a;ij;r«*;;ale to Ttil men; \,'.\'.is jiiisom'ts were ca]>tnred.
As on the fall of Atlanta the North had heeii excited
to the hi;:hest pitch of enthnsiasm, so the anmnmre-
meiii that Sherman ami his army had arrived safely
l»ef«ne the walls of Savannah, was j,Meeted with new
rejoi«in;r. to find more emphatic expression two weeks
later, when the cits had fallen. There was donhle
cause for the National u'ratit'ide and iiappim*ss, foi-
the s|M*edy downfall of the uieat lehellion was assnred.
The liatlle of Nash\ille had heeii fon;iht on the l.'ith
and Hit h of l>eceml»ei-. and a si^mtl victory obtained
by the army nmlei- tieneral (leoi-^e II. TJionias. o\er

the rebel (ieneial II I, who had with him the ohi

Army i»f the Tenness«*e, that b«»re on its banm'is the
historic names of every ;;reat batthdield fimn I>om'l-
son and Sliiloh to .\tlanla, ami had learned tin* art of
war under Albert Sidney .bdiiision. Heaiirei^ard. l?ra;:ii

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 275

and Joseph E. Johnston. The two armies were about
equal in numbcis, but a part of General Thomas' army
was composed of new recruits, negro sokliers and con-
valescents from the vast hospitals of Nashville. Gen-
eral Thomas, assuming the offensive against Hood's
veteran troops posted on the hills around Nashville,
defeated them in fierce assaults, extending <n'er two
days. The results were most decisive, the enemy los-
ing a large number in killed and wounded, thirteen
thousand prisoners and nearly all of their artillery.
A feeble remnant of a few thousand found its way
back to Alabama in a demoralized condition, but the
proud and almost invincible Army of the Tennessee,
with its glorious record, went down in ruin at Nash-
ville before the "Kock of Chickamauga."' As a fair,
open test of American valor and a battle on a large
scale that was fought and finished on an open field,
that of Nashville stands alone. The One Hundred and
Fourth had its rei)resentatives there to the number of
seventy-five, soldiers of Sherman's army, who had been
wounded or sent back on account of sickness. A pro-
visional division of the Fourteenth Corps, composed of
convalescents, had been formed under General Steed-
man and rendered good service in the battle. Ca])-
tain C. K. Brown, of Company C; Lieutenant S. V.
Arnold, of Company A, and Lieutenant P. Talbot, of
Company B, commanded each a company. Lieutenant
Arnold, of Company A, says: "There were about four
hundred of our Brigade in the battle. After it was
over we followed Steedman to Decatur in pursuit of
Hood's remaining forces. There some brisk fighting
was done. The Fourteen Corps detachment was then
sent to Chattanooga and the several companies assigned
to patrol duty from that city south and east. My com-
pany was stationed at Ringgold, Georgia, where I acted
as Provost Marshal from January 20th to February
2-tth, ISn."). Besides myself there were Sergeant Frank
Pickens, O. Riley and Fuller, of Company A; also many
others from different companies of the One Hundred
and Fourth. T will add that I performed at Ringgold

r7« THE ONE HL'Nl»ia:i» AM» K»a ItTH

uiv iiuist ilirticult aiitl ilaiiy;i'nni.s srrvice tlurinj; the
war, as wt* wi-iv loiislanily iai«lt*d bv Clatewood's aud
MrlKtuald'H baiuls of jfuiTiillas. Thev weiv restive, aud
knowing fM-rv f<M»i of ilu* ruimiry, we were kept on
thr al^rt waithiug ilieiii ami tli«*ir spies, and proiett-
iuj; «»ur stores. To t»nr «;reat d«'li«;hi, on Manli JTith,
lM»r», the delaeliinents were ordered to rej«»in Sher-
man's army. <J<»in^ by way of I'arkersbnrj;, West \ ir-
jjinia. .Vh-xandria, and by sea to .Mntn<'h<'ad <'ity, N.
i\, at hist wt' r«-a<-h<*d oiii' roniiiiands ai (iohlsboro, in
time to help elose tin* war nrar Kaleij;li." The battle
of Nashville, tin* niairli to tho sea, and the fall of
Savannah an* all to be r«';::ai(h*d as |»aris id one ;;reat
nn>v<'inent that settled forever th«* fate of tin* ronfe<l-
eraty. .N«» jxreat ami or^^MMz«*d rebi*! army now re-
inaim*d in all the sonthwrst to be eon<pn*red. The
"marrh to the si*a" had dfirionst rated the weakness
«d tin* Smith and the f»dly of its fnrther resislam**,
Only the lildshill^ blow n<*i*<led !<• br ;ii\<'II to L«1*'8

army at Hi<hmoml. ()n <Jeneral Sln*iiiiairs arrival at
Savannah he had been refpii'sted by <Mn«*ral (irant lo
transport his army, w lM*n Sa\aiinali shoidd br takt*n,
to N'irj^iida, bnt on fiirihtr icilcctitm another roiirse
\va8 pnrsned ami Sln*riiian's army left to sweep like a
whirlwind northward tinini^ih tin- States of South and
Noit h ( "aiojiiia.

Tin* army remained in and m-ai- Savannah diirini;
tin* ;:r«*at«'r part of .lamiary, lSt».">, enjoyiij;; a well-
eariH'd r<*st ami pr«'|>arin^' for am>ther eampai;;n. Dnr-
in;: 'his time the ( )m* lliindr(*d ami Fourth lived in
eomfortable (piarters built bv the men, ami im|)i*oved
tlie opportunity to s«*e tin city ami surrounding; «oun-
irvat leisure. On Januarv IMli Tolouel llapeman went
home on a thirty days' have of abseu<-e ami .Major
Widnn-r eoinmamled the Ke;:iment. Captain M. ( tsman,
of ('ompany .\, ami dereiniali <irove, of t'ompany K,
ln'in;: taken sick, were sent lo the hospital. Tin* lat-
ter, who had been a '^'ood soldier, unfortunately died
on Februarv !Mh. The writer, while Shermau's army
was mart'hin;: to the sea. Ikin iui; esrapeil from the i-ebe|

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 277

prison pen at Columbia, S. C, on the evening of Novem-
ber 28tli, was also marching through the swamps of
the South, arriving after ten days' journey by field and
flood, at the mouth of the Santee River, S. C, and was
rescued by the U. S. Steamer Nipsic, from hell. Going
north and reporting at Washington, he returned after
a short leave of absence to Charleston, S. C, which
had just been evacuated by the rebels. Remaining
here a month or more, he was put in command of the
First Battalion, Third Brigade of the "Coast Division,"
under General John P. Hatch, who commanded the
Department. Ca])tain M. Osman, who also arrived
there, comnmnded anotlier battalion. In April both
were ordered to join their regiment, then marching
through North Carolina, and thus were enabled to
witness the death throes and attend the funeral of
Johnston's army near Raleigh. While in prison the
writer became acquainted with Lieutenant Byers, of
the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, whose famous song of "Sher-
man's March to the Sea," composed by him in prison,
is deemed so appropriate as to merit an introduction
here.

Oui' camp-fires shone bright on the mountain

That frowned on the river below,
While we stood by our guns in the morning

And eagerly watched for the foe,
When a rider came out of the darkness

That hung over mountain and tree,
And shouted, "Boys, up and be ready,

For Sherman will march to the sea."

Then shout after shout for bold Sherman

Went up from each valley and glen,
And the bugles re-echoed the music

That fell from the lips of the men;
For we knew that the stars on our banner

More bright in their splendor would be,
And that blessings from Northland would greet us

When Sherman marched down to the sea.

Then forward, boys, forward to battle!

We marched on our wearisome way.
And we stormed the wild hills of Resaca.

God bless those who fell on that day!
Then Keiesaw, dark in his glory,

Looked down on the flag of the free,
But the East and the West bore our standard

When Sherman marched down to the sea.

.:» THK ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Still onwiinl we preitsed, till our banners

SW.-I" ' ■" 'rom Atlania'K Rrini walls.
AntI ' "f till' patriot dampt-nrd

Th. • !•«' iho traitor'8 flag falls.

Uut wf paiibcU not to we«'p for the fallen

Who Bifpi by KMch rivor and tree.
Yet we twined them a wreath of the laurel

A» Shernjan niarche<l down to the »ea.

(). proud wa8 our army that morning,

That Btood where the pine proudly towers.
When Shernuin said. "Hoys, you ar» weary —

This day fair Savannah is ours."
Then same we a song for our Chieftain

That etho<*d o'er river and sea;
For the stars on our banner shone brighter

When Shernjan had marrhed to the sea.

while ami l»la»k, were piotecltMl and tln'ir ri^rlits
rt'8j)ect<»(l, vrt tilt* n*ln*l itajtcrs in tin* Soiiili r«*pn*s»Mii«'(l
that i-apinc and i>illa;:«' |>r<*vail«Ml, the uhjcct Immh;; t<»
k«*«'p alive the Myiiij; eiiiixMs of ilw icJM'JIiMii aii<l tin*
spirit <»f hati'tMl. The iiiinisti'is nf the ;x*»!<p<*l <>f J<*ku8
<'hrist Were nut nmliily iiii1»n<Ml with luve for their
enemies. (Micuf ihciii, as Shcnuan Lelan<l relates,
ealleil on (leneral Sliernian an*l askt'«| if he would \t"
allowed, in his piil|>it, to |tray for .lelT haNis. •'( N-r-
tainly," n-plied iIm- < leneral, ".letT. Ha vis ami the d«'vil
— !»oth lu'ed jiiayin;: for." Caplain Strawn «onnilt-
iiles the following' iiiter<*sl in;; narrali\e of his impiis-
sioiis and experiem-es on the mairh !«• the sea: "Thf
eanipai;;n from Atlanta to the sea remains on my mind
as a kind of half-forp>t ten dream, now ;;ay and li;:ht-
s«nm', now ironhh'd and ;ri't'wsom»\ We had no !it:ht-
in;; Worthy of tin* name, l»nt occupied oinscJNcs chictly
in inarehin;; from one fi-riilc \;iMi\ lo anoihrr, remo\-
in;: the snlistam-t* of iIh- land on our way toward
Savannah. Supplies for the army were ahiindanl, Init
We had to colled theiii. Details of fora;;ers were sent
out daily to ;;athei- in the fai of the land. Stran;;e

Hllpplies We|-«' >o|nelinies SecUfed on I he sly. aud selil

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 279

lioiiu' as souvciiii-s. Unc iiiaii was i'«']>«»i'1('<l lo have
sent home eonsiderable silver plate. Another bronjiht
me for transportation a horn comb! It is bnt jnst to
say, liowever, that most of our men scorned to lay
hands on anythini; of value not really needed for the
.army. There were some notable exceptions. It con Id
not be expected that among- so many tens of thousands
there would be no rogues, gamblers, thieves and rob-
bers, before they joined the army. Their natural
inclinations remained — to get money without earning
it; therefore, it is not strange that, now and then, they
disgraced themselves and the army. T have said that
we found our line of travel well stocked with food
supplies, the collecting (d' which occu])ied much of our
time. There was one other matter that helped to
amuse and vary the usual routine. This w^as the
destruction of the railroads leading to our rear. If
the embankments of the roa<l we desired to destroy
were high and steep a whole brigade sometimes placed
itself along the line and laid hold of the rails, and, at
a given signal, heaved the whole outfit down the grade.
If the ground was com])aratively level we had tongs
and other tools for the purpose in view. The rails were
wrenched from the ties, which were then piled up far
enough apart for the rails to reach; other ties were
then piled underneath and fire set to them. When red
hot the rails were seized with wrenches and twisted
out of shape; sometimes they were wound around
trees if convenient. On the latter part of our march
food and forage were not so abundant as at first. We
had to use rice as a substitute for bread, most of it
unhulled if not in the straw, too. Within a short time
after going into camp, one could hear the pounding
of the improvised pestles and mortars separating the
hull from the kernel. This substitute f<u' bread was
very healthy and nourishing, but we welcomed the
arrival of the Government cracker, facetiously called
by the boys ^hard-tack' and 'Lincoln platforms.^
Savannah, which on arrival we invested, was ditficult

-•so THK ONK HUNDRED AND FOURTH

«)f ii|>|iroa«-h, iioi tuily on artoiiiit of its «lrf»*nsi*s, ton-
KiKliii;; of viisi fart li works ami forts, iiiouiittMl with
liiilKirinls of caiiiioii. hut tli<* rebels lia<l tiooded all of
the laiiW ap|>roarlies l»v iihmiis of the ^real tlitches
iuterseetill*; the rire liehls ill all tlireriioiis, ami whirh
hail heeii iiiaih* for the purposes of irri;;:at ioii. The.

opposite eiuls of the dikes Were j:^liai*(le(l hv raillioll
sii|tportetl hv iiifaiiliv. These dikes were oiilv wide
eiuMi;;h for I wo or I hree soldiers to travei'st- at t he saiiu*
time. The One llnildl'i'd Mild l-'olirtli will reiiieinher
w«'ll its experieme Mile daik iiiulii in line nf hai i h*. 1 1\ •
iny: lo wade throii;:h ihe flooded rice tield ill our from,
hopin;; lo surprise the eiieitiy aiitl iiiaki* a lodgment
in their works. We aihaiired as sih-iitly as pttssilde,
splashing' lhroii;;h the waier. Tin* rebels hearing: the
n«ds«« opened on us, hut did no daiiiaj;e. Hut as tliev
Were apprised of our a|»pi-oa(h we fell hark to «lrv land.
A few days after I he eiiemy ahaiidoiied Sa\aiinah an<l
with Im Hindi till Ilea I'l s w«' look u)) t he line of uiairh into
the «ily. 1 have ne\er silire ihell alleiupled lo lead A

pokey horse hilt what 1 am reminded of an imidenr
that orriirred lo me while on this marrh. I was pull-
in;; aloii;; a \f\\ slow iia;: hy the hiis. w Inn 1 was
hailed hy I'hil Hawk, of <'om|iany (I, as follows: 'I
say, <'a|t, why don't you ;;ei a sled and ha\'e someihini:
to pull?* We wi'ie inieiisely iiileiested ill Saxaiiiiah,
of whirh We had heard so miith. < in Sunday many of
ns Went to rhiirrh and for ihe tirsi lime since leavin;;
home, heard inside a house dedicated lo the worship
of (iod, an oldfashioiietl sermon. We did not infer,

however, fl-iuil I lie liearliliess of our leci'plion hy the
few preselil, ihe deactilis aild paslor, ihal lhe\ Wfle
especiallx ;:ralitied hy our |ireselice. Ilavillii removed
ram|> lo a new localil\ we found on dearini: olT the
hriish ami trees that the ;;rouinl oecu|»ied was a mil-
itary cam]) diirin*: the last war with (ireat l>riiaiii.
The rid;;<*s of the coiion liehls were jdaiiily \isihle,
tin-re heili;; he|e ||o flost to raise and le\el ihe i:round.
The trees illl dow II showed tiftv liu'js. The ( Mn- lluil-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 281

dred and Fourth remaiiied some time in this camp,
and as it rained most of the time we welcomed the
order to march toward Richmond."

Sergeant Fred G. McLain, of Company K, who evi-
dently kept his eyes open while on the march through
Georgia, thus pictures the home of a "Georgia cracker"
living in the "piney woods" section of the State, lie
says: "I will iioav describe to you the homestead of
one of the 'poor white trash.' I will give it without
varnish and you nmy draw your own conclusions about
the people and the manner of living of the great major-
ity of the chivalry. As you pass along the road you
come to a little clearing ranging in size from lialf an
acre to ten acres, according to the tinancial condition
of the owner. This is planted in little patches of cab-
bage, sweet potatoes, corn, negro beajis and turnips.
Seldom does the list differ from that given, as the tastes
of the people are very much alike. You may see a
house near by in the timber; if not, follow that path
and Tou will find one down at the spring which may
be half a mile away from the garden. Around the door
stands a family of eight little towheads, youngsters of
nearly the same age; before them stands a little runt
of a Georgia co\v, full breasted on the back, with her
head sticking straight out, resembling a portable corn
crib with the door wide open. Near her, tied to the
wheel of a little one-horse wagon made after the pat-
tern so much in use in the mountains of Pennsylvania,
and called by Uncle Sam's 'pups' regular 'schooner-
fashioned rockaways,' stands a Georgia pony to match,
or in lieu thereof, a yoke of male corn cribs keep com-
pany with the cow. In a little pen in front of the house,
or rooting in the ground near by, will be seen three
or four twenty-pound slab-sided porkers just as inde-
pendent as their owner. There is a shelf fastened up
against the side of the house on each side of the door,
which the owner must have made; in fact, I think he
built the house, which is of small pine logs, and the
casings of the two doors are fastened on with pegs.
The chimnev is built of sticks instead of bricks and

Jtt THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOl'HTH

j»iH»s Up nil I In* oiitsidi* of tlu* Inmsi'. TIm- n»«»f is iniuk'
of rlii|»lMi;ii-.|s ami ln-M «lt»\\ ii witli ioiij^ poh's wliich
run a« loss tin- iu«if fium um* si«U* to ihr «>tln'i". 'i'liifi*
shflvfs oiitsiili* of the liousr roiitain tin* rnM-korv waiv
uwhI ill tlic«lairv, whiih is roinposfd mostly of ;:onnls.
You sirp up to tin* «lo<»r anil ask f«»r a <lriuk. The
ladv «>f tlic liousr liaihls vou a small ^MMir<l wiili a
loiij; trooktMl liaiKlIt', and iiifoniis vmi liiai M lie spring
is just Im'Iow.' Strpplii;: <lo\\ii in \\\v sprinjjj you jjet
a \U'\\ tif tin* bark of tin- Innisr, wliitli is just likt* the
front, dirty as it «an Ik*. Kcinrnin*; to tin- hous<* to
thank the lady, tin* oppuii nnity is finbratrd to cxain-
iiif tin* internal arran^^'incnts. In tin* cmtrr of tin*
hoiisr oil both sides is u door. At oin* (*inl is tin* tire-
pla««' and on ••m* side of it is a slab with fonr im*;,^s in
it thai s«*i\«*s for a kiidnn table; on tin* oiIht side is
a (timimni board table to eat on. In the other end
of the house is tin* bed and a loom, but in cast* there
are I wo beds, they are pla<'e<l in tho corners and the
loom stands on the poreh. There is a baby «radle in
the middle <»f the floor, ami sometimes iwtt, wiih three
or four rhairs scattered around aiiy\vli(*re. In con
clnsi<»n. I will say that kittheii, dining-room, bed -room
and parlor are all in oin*, like the Irishman's jtalace."

CHAPTER XVIII.

The March Through the Carolinas— Battle of Averysboro and
Bentonville.

The One Hundred and Fourth remained in Savan-
nah until the 19th of Jannary, 1865, occupied in vari-
ous duties, such as going on picket and building breast-
works, as the city was to be garrisoned by General
Foster's command Avhen Sherman's army resumed its
march. The continuous rains had prevented the on-
ward movement that had been initiated on the 14th
by General Howard with the Seventeenth Corps, on
Pocotaligo, S. C, twenty-five miles distant. This place,
an important strategic point at the time, was seized
and held with a loss of only ten men. General Slocum
had also crossed the river with two divisions. Thus
the army had begun to impinge on the sacred soil of
South Carolina, the state that our soldiers had always
desired to visit, regarding it truly as the birthplace
of the rebellion and the home of the most virulent
rebels in all the South. The same causes that delayed
Sherman operated in favor of the rebels by giving
them time to collect the scattered fragments of their
armies; to enforce a rigid conscription which embraced
everything capable of bearing arms, except their slaves,
from the cradle to the grave; and to concentrate the
heterogeneous elements before Sherman. It therefore
became the latter's policy, as usual, to deceive the
enemy by the exercise of his favorite weapon — strategy.
Beauregard, Bragg and Hardee were all in South T'ar-
olina watching, and endeavoring to ascertain the prob-
able object of Sherman's first attack. It might be
Augusta, Charleston, or Columbia, but they were kept
in doubt until the Union coluiuns were ready to strike
in any one of the three directions with equal facility
and certainty of success. Pending the resumjition of

»i THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

active i>|MTalions tin* rdtcls iiuiuo\t«l tin- liiiM- in
i»l)sii-iiriiii;i i»N far as inissilili- tin* roatls ^H\ Slicriaairs
KUppustMl liin's «)f advaiHf, rvidcnilv not «*v»*n yet
uiulerstamliii;; that ShernuiirM ai-niy knew how to luiihl
roads in apparently th«* most iinpossihh* phucs. Said
a relirl sohlier to tht* writer on this p<»int : "It Sh«'i-
niaiTs ai'niy had •4;one to hrll and wanted to nian-ii
over and th»M-e was no othiT way, tliey woidd roi-dni-oy
it and inareli on." This man. who was a fain«ui8 rebel
srotit and ti«:htri\ as I had h'arned. mad(» the I'emark
wit h a prifiM-t randoi- 1 hat impirssed as \n ell as amused
me. Anoihef lehel sohlief having sn^j^esteil at one
time that a lailioad tunnel should be blown u|) a eom-
rade i-e]died, "That will do no p>od; SluTinan rarries
a duplieale tunnel in his jtocUet." Ilowevel-, the fatt
leiuains that the rebels who had for nearly a year wit-
nessed the continuous onward inarth of iln- riiiou
armies tinder Sherman, first to Atlanta, ami iImmi Io
Savannah, be^^an to think there was no obstacle lou
;:reat for them to surmount. And ii was oidy by the
most frantic and «*xtreme measures on the part of the
rel)el jjeiierals that t lu- semblam c nf an army w as raised
in these last days of i he war for the purpose of pio-
lon;:inj: what the leaders knew was the death stru^^-
^le of their rause. Drowiiiui: mmmi willtatehat straws.
On the JMh of .January the rare ot Sa\aiiuali was
turned iiMT lit (ieiieral I''oster. wim pre|»aied !<• gar-
rison it with a di\isioti fnun \iiLiiiiia cnmuiaiidtd by
< ieueral < iro\ t-r.

The ( Mie Hundred ami l''o\irlh received marching;
orders on t he |*.li h and proceeded to pack up. The IMM h
o|M'ned u|) rainy, but the jie^inienl turned its bark
on Savannah at eh-veii, and wended ils way ahui;: t he
west bank «»f the Savannah lii\er toward Sister's
Ferry, wheiv Sherman pni|iitsed in cross a part of his
army, .\fter a wet. loilsouic march of ei^hi miles it
camped in the wouds. <'ourtri^ht says: **\\ »• lay down
to sleep at nine, but awoke at iuidni;:ht dr«»w ned out .
There Were three inches of water in our i«'n!, and also
in the icuis of i.ih.is. (heiiiiire, .Marian and m\self.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 285

liaviug procured some wet wood, succeeded utter iiiucli
whittling aud blowiiig iii starting a tire by wliicli we
dried our clothing, lu the moruing felt cross aiid stift'."
Owiiig to coiistaut raiii, the iiext three days were speiit
at this camp aud corduroy roads built for our trains.
The 24th was cold, causiug one of the boys to remark
that "glory was a good thing to cover one's self with,
but not so warm as a bhiuket." The Regiment moved
a short distance to higher ground. The weather being
clearer on the 25th march was again resumed over
better roads, and going sixteen miles, the One Hun-
dred and Fourth camited in the Nick-a-Jack swamp,
tired and hungry. The 2(Uh was rainy, but the uuirch
was continued for ten miles. The roads Were again
bad, through a i)itcli-pine region full of swamps and
needing to be corduroyed. During the halts tires were
made with the pitch pine to dry the clothes of the sol-
diers, which became black and dirty from the smoke.
On account of the delay occasioned by bad roads only
half a mile was made on the 27th. Passing through
Springfield on the 28th and crossing the Ebeueezer
River, a halt was made after going eight miles. Sis-
ter's Ferry was reached on the 29th and the Regiment
went into camp, remaining until February 4th on
account of high water in the river and swamps, mak-
ing pontooning and much corduroying necessary. On
the latter date the river was crossed and the One Hun-
dred and Fourth invaded the sacred soil of South Car-
olina. A camp was made near the steamboat landing,
where rations and clothing were distributed to the men
during the 5th.

The entire army, then engaged in the endeaA'or to
escape from the swamps and floods of the low coun-
try in its immediate front, was constituted as follows:
The right wing, of the Fifteenth Corps, General John
A. Logan, and the Seventeenth Corps, General Blair.
The left wing, of the Fourteenth C<irps, General Davis;
the Twentieth, General Williams; the cavalry division
of General Kilpatrick, and Corse's division, tempo-
rarily attached. The aggregate force Avas ()0,0T9 men

tM THE ONK HLNl>ia:U AM> K« -l KTH

of ihf ihitf anus, iiifaiun. aiiilN rv and lavalrv. Tlic
w a^iMi iraiiiK iiu«l aniiiials iiiiiubcr<Ml tin* saint* as «»ii llit*
iiianh fn»iii Atlanta. Tlioiv was foiajje f»u* seveu ilays
and pruNisinns fur iwmtv. Tin* artillnv anionntrd t«>
hixt vfij^lit j;uns. That »»f tin* Fi»uii»MMit li (\u|>s was
iu chargi* of Major riiarU*s lloii;:liialin«;: laftiMward
<MMi«'ral| of Ottawa. Frw will ever ft»rj;«'t him, with
his Ion*;: i'<i| hair han^^in^ down on his shonldns in
t-nrlv hnks. Thr rnnnv's infant rv »MrM|>i«*d thr Mm-
<»f tin* Salki'hatrhir Kivt-r, while \\h««-l«i's »avah\\
liovcr«Ml around \\n* hea<ls and flanks nf uui- colnnins.
Till* ri;:ht inoviMl at onrr to l»n*ak thr rrlud liin* and
soon rlMssrd tlo' liviT ill tin* farr of inilrll opposit i<»n,
lint iiti lM*avv fj«ihtiii;;. .Mt*antinn* tin* h*ft wiii;^ was
toilin;; ahmj^ fr«nii Sistn's F«*rrv. drlayrd liy rain,
mud aind ronstanl riiiihirux in^. Its mux riiM-ni :i|i-
|M'ariM| as a thifai tn Anj^usta whih* tin- uhjcniNr was
<'<dninl)ia. Thr lalirr, with < 'harlrsion, stood in rtpiai
daii;:rr of a visit from Shrrman, and thr rrbri ;;rn-
rials wrrr hrld ill niirrrtaiiity. On thr 7th thr rii:ht
rrarhr«l thr railroad iradiny: fiom < "harlrston !•• Am-
;:nsta, and i-xprrtrd to tind this inipurlant linr strnnt;ly
drfriidrd, loit it w as not. and lakin;:: possession, How-
ard's inrli prorrrdrd lo irai' up :ind <lrsn-o\ 1 hr rails
and tirs. This was doin* for a distaiicr of Ijfty iiiiirs
in thr most toniplrlr mannrr. <i<*nrral Howard rrlairs
that whilr ap|*roarhiii^^ thr railroad in linr of batilr
rxjMMtin;: a Ji^'ht, hr saw a man coiiir frarinj; toward
him oil a whilr horsr ;;ni<lrd Ity a ropr hriillr. Thr
tjriirral lr(o;;nizrd liiiii as olir of his "fora^^rrs." .\s
hr rainr nrar hr ralird out, "llnrrv up, Cirnrral. wr
liavr ;;ot thr railroad." It is hardly iinrssary to say
that iJriirral Howard was both snrprisrd and «::rati-
tird. Hy thr *Mh thr Irft winiT Imd r«>mr into linr at
Itarnwrll and virinily.

Thr t »nr Ihindrrd and I'ourili. Iraviii;,^ ramp on thr
<llh, man-hrd trn iiiiirs, four of which was thronjxh a
Mwamp whirh had brrii rordnioyrd. Soon aftrr noon
thr Kr^'immt passrd ihroiij^h Kobrrtsvillr, bnt thr
town had brrii biiriird b\ troops in llir aihanrr. It

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 287

raiued very hard aDd a halt was made fur the iiij^ht
near the fm-ks of the Orangebury lioad. The storm
continued all of the 7th, but the Kegiment marched
ten miles, often stopping to remove the trees which
the enemy had felled across the road. It did not take
long to clear these away and going on the Regiment
camped after dark at Lawtonville. This ]dace had also
been burned, A part of the Brigade became lost in a
swamp and did not reach camp until late. The 8th
was spent at Lawtonville, and foragers being sent out,
returned with an abundance of forage, hams, uKdasses,
potatoes and peas. Leaving camp at seven (j'clock on
the 9th the Regiment made a long march of twenty
miles and halted at Mathew's Bluff. Starting eaily
on the lUth night found the command near Barnw»'ll
Court House, The foragers came in loaded with sup-
plies, showing that something besides hell could be
raised in South Carolina, though from the numerous
coutlagrations along the way that much talked of place
might be supposed to have its location there. Lelaud
says of the 11th: "We marched through Barnwell,
which was being destroyed, and camped at a saw mill,
having made eighteen miles. As we passed, a man
who was trying to keep the tire, then burning his house,
from spreading to the fences and buildings, one of the
boys asked him how his house caught tii'e. Rather cool.''
The different corps moved in near connecticm on the
11th, the Seventeenth striking for Orangeburg, an
important place, which, when secured, the communica-
tion between Charleston and Columbia would be sev-
ered. The division of General Gile.s A. Smith entered
the town and found several houses burning which had
been set on tire before the arrival of our men. The
tire was put out. A large building tilled with orphan
children sent from Charleston was given protection by
General Sherman, The depot was burned and rail-
road destroyed. The One Hundred and Fouith marched
on the 12th to White Pond Station and beyond, destroy-
ing its allotment of railroad (the Charleston and Au-
gusta). This road was wh(dlv ruined to within twelve

2M

'NE HUNDKK

FOVKTH

iliih's of Aii;;usia. (iriuTal .sininian on ihe coiiijiN'-
tioii of tlu* uork (lirr<-t«Ml liis aniiv toward ('ohmihia.
lliK iiiovfiiu'iits thus far had bmi so t'oiifiisin*^ lliat
the rt'hfl pMuTals kiu'w not whfiv t«) nuM't liini. How-
ever, lh«*v rvidiMillv thon^^ht hr would not fail ti* stiikt*
Cliarh'stoii and |ii«'|iaiMMl to nMriv»* him thrir, as th«*\
«li(I also at Au;:usta. lint thcv (ouhl not tlicn i on-
centrate a heavy fon-r at any jioiul. <'oluuibia was
h»ft uiipuiided «'xc«iti l»y \\ ad<' I lani|tt oil's and Hut-
ler's ravaln.

On tin* loih of Fi'hruary the < Mi«- Ihindn-d and
Foiirtii niaD-iicd to ihr south )ii:in< h of th<* IMisto
Hiv»T, airivin;; ihciT ai iioom. In ih*- afternoon t ht*
lv«';:iMi»'nt riossctl o\ri- and ;^oin;; iiv<* ndh's caniiMMl
at llulhii-d's .Mills. TIm' men dirw thr«M* days' rations
hen*. whi<h, with what was «li-aw'u fi-oin the rountiy
for tw«*iily niih's on «arh sidr, assni-rd them a;;ainst
the daiiiirr of starvation. Tin' foraj^ns, rallril "Imm-
nn-rs," k»*|»i tin* whoh* army w«'ll siij»pli»'d wiih all tin*
ronuti-y alToiilrd. ( Mio day a itaiiy of them xisiiin;; a
plantation, proriMMh-d to |c\y on the poultry, pork,
rows, «'ir. rinally they canK* t<i tin* small ont-huild-
in;: usrd for smokiny; hams. This was localt-d on the
sidr of a hill, and «'nt«Min;: from tin* iii>im'I- sid*', tln-ir
t*a;;«*r «'Nrs diioctrd upward, w line a lot of hams hun^j^
on the raftrrs, thry did moi uoijt*' ihc loos*' planks in
tlir floor, < Mh* of the hoys, sicppiiij^ tin llu* rnd of om*
of t lu'Sf, was um«'r«*moniously jutrhcd into tin* ««'llar,
fallin;: into a ho;;shrad of s<»r;;huni, and t h('r«*aft<*r was
ralird hy that nanu'. Whet ln*r our ;;ay "Iniminrr" was
nMidcrt'd any swe«*ier in person and disposition l>y the
novrl hath, d<'|M»n«Mit saith not. Kains lurxaih-d on
till* 14th, hut the <)n«' Hundred and l-'ourth made a
iiianh of twenty-one miles, crossinj; durin<r the day ih«'
north hramh of the Kdisto Kiv«*r. .\t ni^dit a halt was
made at t he W'ateree I'errv t 'ross Koads. ninetoon miles
from t'oliimhia. The w hoh» army was now ron\eru:in<r
on that rity. the rapilal of the State, and met with no
^piMisition rxre|>t fnuu ravalry. Tli.- ( Mie Hundred
and I'ourlh. marehin;: until foui- jt. in. of ilu- iriih.

REGIMENT IL,LINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 289"

halted, and while preparing the bivouar, expecting
to remain all night, received an order to niarcli to Lex-
ington Conrt House. This ]>hice Mas reached at eleven
and the rest of the night spent there. During the day
a few men were captured by incautiously venturing
too far away from our lines, among them Lieutenant
Chaunell, of Battery C, The Regiment acted as l*ro-
vost Guard in Lexington until noon of the Kith. It
then resumed the march and guarded a train to the
Saluda Kiver, Here the rest of the Brigade Avas found.
Going one mile further the command bivouacked in the
swamp until the morning of the 17th, when, starting
again, Rockville Postoffice was passed, and having
nuirched ten miles, a halt was made at Spring Hill
until the 10th. The canij) was in a cedar grove and an
im]>r(>venu'nt on many previous ones. General Sher-
man says in his '^Memoirs" that on the 16th he camped
near the old prison camp opposite Columbia, known
as "Camp Sorghum," where he saw the remains of the
mud hovels and holes made by our men when prison-
ers. Possibly he may have observed the one built by
the writer. This "pen" was situated about three miles
from the city, across the river. The Seventeenth Corps
arrived there on the 16th and camped on the bank of
the river. The Fifteenth Corps was four miles above.
The left wing of the army was directed to turn north
again. On the ITth the Fifteenth crossed the Broad
River on a pontoon bridge and occupied Columbia..
Generals Sherman, Howard and Logan accompanied
the column. Hampton's cavalry had retired, but before
leaving had set fire to a quantity of cotton, and from
there the fire spread, aided by a verv' high wind, until
before the next morning eighty squares of buildings
in the heart of the city had been consumed. Our sol-
diers under Howard's orders assisted in the endeavor
to stop the flames, but without avail. It was asserted
for a long time that the soldiers fired the city, but this
was proven to be untrue in the "cotton investigations"
later. While in the city several of our escaped pris-
oners who had been confined there waited on General

M9 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Shci'iiiaii, iiiiioii;; MilnTs Adjutant liyt'i's, Nvhi»s«' faimius
hMii;; Slifi'iiiaii llnMisaw for tlir lii-st tiiiii*, and ihrirsult
>\"iisthat he altarhiil the Li(Mit<Mianl t<» liis Staff, wlicr*'
In* n'hiaiiKMl until I'avrttrvilh' was I't-aclird. Hy«*rs
was t luMi SIMM to \\ asliin^iion as a ln-arn- of «lispat«h«'s.
I)nrin«: lh«* isth and I'.Mli tin- stat«* arsrnal. with vast
«|nantiti('s nf shot and shell, was drstroyiMJ, also many
fonndrics and nia«hin«* sJiojis. <'olnnilda was rrdnct'd
to a stiiti* of iMiin l>y tlir L'Oih and Sonih <'ai'o|ina had
by this t inn* irali/.fd soim- ol i he fiiiiJs of srcrssion and
r«*lH'llioii. Tin* ri^iii win;: thru Ih^;iii fhc niarrh
toward N\'innsl(oio. As onr rcsnli of Shfinian's
niovrnn*nts < 'liaih'sion. which had Immmi ahh* in irpcl
«*\rrv attack, was ••va«iiatrd on tin* listh (►f I'diniaiy
by Hard***', ami ai onrc orrnpicd l»y (irncral l'i»shM's
troops. toMirral llaidfo hast«*n«*d uiih his furccs to
N'oiih ('arolina lo <^('\ ahead of Sherman's rojiinms.
Alioni this lime (ieiieial .lose|di K. .lohnston, w ho had
been abnsed ami mistreated by President dtlT. l)a\is,
was, in tin* new and threatenin<; stale of (onfederaie
affairs, called lo i In* command of all tin* forces in Soul h
and North t'aiolina, as the only relM*l i:eneral capable
of accomplishing: anything a;:ainsi Sherman's vicio-
rions aiiiiy. Thns the main jtait of Sherman's army
faiiltMl to sec rohimbia. hm undei- oidei-s marched
toward W'innsbopo. Tin- one Ihimlicd ami I'oiirih
Icavin;; camp on the P.Uh, ciossj'd the i.road Ki\«'i- at
Threshley's Mill and bivouacked at (libson's Meeiin;:
IIouKe. Alex. <'4»yle, of t'oinpaiiy 10, bill dciailed al
regimental head<pmrii*i's, and who had been sent iinl
fora^nn;:, came in with ti\e tine mules ami four horses.
A soldier of t ho l]i;:hlyei^hi h Indiana w as accideiiially
nliot here. ( )n t he LMH h t he Ue^imeiit broke cam Jt before
HimrJKe and inarchin;: six miles crossed l.iiile |{i\ei-
and bivouacked at I'beiiee/er <'lMirch. Iler** tapiain
Koss, who ha<l been sent out with a |tarty of f«>ra;:ers,
rame into camp in the evenin;;, brin^iii;; anion;; other
thin^K Keveii innles and a span of horses attached to a
HilverinoniiljMl carriap-. in which was pack<'d away
lianis and shoulders. • The Ke;:iiiieiii , supplied wiili

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 291

about thirty i)a(k mules, started the next iiioriiiiig well
loaded with sii})i)lies and all were in a happy mood.
Lelaiul leiiiarks in rejj^ard to the 21st: "Crossed the
Little Wateree KivcM* and reached ^\'innshoro at noon,
in time for dinner. Before our arrival a milliner in
i(»\vn, declaring- that the Yankees should not get her
stock of gooils, set them on tire, and a strong wind blow-
ing, the entire city was soon in flames. In the after-
noon Ave marched Ave miles to White (Jak drove, on
the railroad, and camped after a march of seventeen
miles." Courtright says: "The foraging on the 21st
was gt)od. The foragers brought in besi<les the usual
suj)plies, a lot of tobacco and wine. Of the latter smuk^
of the b<>ys had too much for their own good.'" From
Winnsboro the right wing* was deflected toward Che-
raw and Fayetteville, North Carolina. The left wing
moved for Eocky M(uint, preceded by the cavalry. (Jn
the 22d the One Hundred and Fourth broke camp be-
fore sunrise and passing through Youngstown reached
Blackstock on the railroad, and stopping long enough
to destroy five hundred yards (its allotment) mov(Hl
to the main Chesterfield road and camped. Marching-
early on the 23d past Gladden's Grove to Kooky Mount,
fourteen miles, a halt was made just in time to pitch
the "pui)" tents before the rain, which had been threat-
ened all day, came down in torrents. This continued
all night and the whole of the 24:tli and 25th, obliging
the army to remain in camp. Leland says concerning
the event of the 26th: "The Brigade moved down to
the Catawba River and camped at the mouth of liocky
Mount Creek. Xick McCormick, of Company B, came
in at night with his left wrist shattered, and reported
the foraging detail that had been sent out in the morn-
ing all captured. He escaped by swimming Fishing
Creek after being wounded. The party was as follows:
Captain W. C. Ross and John Mellon, of Company B;
William Buckley, Company A; C. G. Phillips, Company
D; C. Brock, Company F; J. H. Misner and J. C. Carues,
Company G; W. Lakin, Company 1; M. B. Bushnell,
Company K. On the 27th Major Widmer, command-

»2

THK «>NK HI.'NIJHKD ANI» Fol'RTH

in;: iln* < Mir 1 1 II III I r«M I ami F» Mirth, was sciii i»in l>v ( u-n-
I'lal llMbari willi tin* K«*;;iiin'ii! it» ft»ia;;«' ami limit for
tin* jiartv. It was IrariuMl that tin* f«>raM;,.|-s lia<l lM«n
('a|>tiii*(i| at Stnuhl's .Mill uu Fisliiii;; ( 'rrrU." Tlic iiaiii*'
of .lohii K. .MtMiitt, of (\iiii|taiiy II, who rs(a)MM| with
.M< < 'oiiiiitk. shoiihl Im' a«M«M| to the al>o\r. Tin* ( Mi«'
Ihiiitlrrtl a IK I Foil It h, w hit*' tuii on this «'\iKMlitioii, did
Jiot stM* tlu'ir (-aptiii'cd < omi adis, Init t*iu*«niiilcrtMl pliiii y
of rclM*! tavalrv and tlid sonir skiiiiiishiii;:. Imt the lai-
t«T did Hot ran* to a|tpioa«li too iirar t iu- sii|M'rioi- i ith*s
of our I toys. ( 'a plain St i au n rdatrs t In* follow in;^ iiiri-
dt'iit that otiincd: "A 'roniiart' sii!-;:«'on who hid
UctMiiiipaiiit'd IIS ariidi-niaijy ;:oi lM-i\\«fii our mmii and
tin* irltrls. Itcroiiiiii;; |ta iiic-st lickrii In- niadf a dash
for tin* KouinnMit and nsin;; his spurs nioio than hi-;
«*vrs, ran his hoisr into a ditch and was pit( lied lM*a<l-
lon;: into tin* r<M| nnid, hfini: lomph'trly jdastrird with
it. ('atchiii;: his horse an<l |»itkiii;L' n|» his ai<Miin»'
iiMMils In* taiiM* toward lis as if all Wlifflfi's caxaJry
was at his In-fjs. Mis haste and coniicaj appoaram-e
canscd all in laii;:h, thoM;:h he himself failed to s<»e
wln-re I In* fiiii came in."

The incessant and liea\y rains had so swollen the
< 'at aw ha t hat t he |>ontoon lirid;;e < oiild not he anchore<l,
in fact had heeii carried away, and the whole I'oiir-
teeiiih Cttrps remained is«>laied on i he wesi i>aiik iiiiiil
the 2Sth. The Twentieth Torps, lioweNcr, had critssed
iM'foie the Ineak, and was then in advance at llan;:iii;r
liock, in «amp. The Ke;;iim*nt crossed the ri\er in the
afternoon of the I'Sjh. ('ajMain Sti-awti nieniions i he
followiii;: cinioiis event: "While on our way fo ihe
pontoon we came across one of those rude rail pens
hnill after the fashion of smh structures in the hack-
wimmIk to k«M'p 1ioh;s from disiiiihiuu .i:r;i\es. Ai liisi
we supposed that some man had lou;:h( his last li;:ht
and was Imiied there, hut on close inspection, an oliicer
was fftiind to he lyin;; <ui to|i of the ;;rouiid dead
driiiik. Who he was, <u' how Ioul: he had heeii iheie
hefole he hecniiie conscious, we ne\er learned."

The ( Mie 1 1 Mildred a lid I'ouii li on Maicli 1st i: nan led

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 293

the train throiijih to Hanging Rook and were much
dehijed by bad roads, only fourteen miles being accom-
plished. The Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps reached
(jheraw. On the 2d the liegiment after going half a
mih' halted until nine, and then moving forward
marched fourteen miles to Wharton's tavern. The
roads Avere so bad as to make constant corduroying
necessary. The advance forces on entering C'lu'ster-
tiehl skirmished with liutler's cavalry. Tiie forMgers
wei'e not successful in ol>taiuing anything. (Jeneral
Sherman here learned that Hardee had retreated across
the Great Pedee Kiver. Cheraw, occupied by Uo^^ ard,
was found to be full of rebel su]>])lies of all kiiuls.
Among these were t\v<Mity-f()ur cannon, two thousand
muskets, and thirty-six hundred barrels of gunpowder.
The peojile of Charleston had also sent their valuable
hcnisehold goods to Cheraw for suppose<l safety, but
probably soon realized that nothing was safe from
Sherman's army. Among their numerous assets were
many cases of the finest old Madeira, which were duly
taken care of and distributed. General Sherman gives
the following interesting colhxjuy between himself and
a negro on the way to Cheraw. The General asked:
''What road is this? "Him lead to Cheraw, master!"
"Is it a good road, and how far?" "A very good road,
and eight or ten miles." "Any guerrillas?" "Oh, no,
master, <ley is gone tAVo days ago; you could have
played cards on der coat-tails, dey was in sich a hurry!"
On the 3d the One Hundred and Fourth encountered
the worst roads it had yet seen, but toiled slowly along
in the rain, halting at noon near Oxhaw for dinner.
Crossing Lynch Creek and moving on the camp was
reached at Blackleys after a march of fourteen miles.
On the 4th the Regiment marched fifteen miles and
during the day crossed the state line into North Car-
olina. Foraging poor. Here General Sheruuin issued
an order to the army calling upon all to be mwlerate
in North Carolina in their foraging- and treatment of
the people, who had been forced into the rebellion
against the will of the majority. He theref(^e relied

m THE t>NE Hl'NDKED AND FOIHTH

U|M>ii tln' Koldicis lit slniw iln- |Mi.|il.- <if iIh- Siiiic ili:il
thfv liiiii i-fsptMi for tluMii ami \v«ml«l takt* «iul\ siuli
supplirs as wt'H' lUMi'Ssarv for siil>Kisi«Mir«'. h is Im*-
lif\r«l that tln'onlrr was oIm«v<m1 jirriiv i:<in r;ill\ . (Mi
ilir r»ili ili«-<>iir lluinlnMl ami Fourth iiiairlu'tl in rrar
of llir ("••rps to within oim* au«l a half iiiih-s of tin*
<ir«*at TtMltM' Kivcr. ainl i-«'iiiaiiHM| in *Miiip until the
"ill, waitin^^ ft»r tin* pontoon to In- laiil. This ln-i«lp'
was thiown at K«'u:«'iit's l'«'ii_\. uiuf Miih> alioNr < 'In-
law, and roiisistftl of foitv-luo |>ontoon hoats, four of
whirh w«*f«' \\a;ion hoxrs tovcimmI with ranvas. < Mi
till' 7tli tin* Kr^^inuMit ifossrd the INmNm' at on<* o\hMk,
iiiairlnMl foi- awliilf towani UocUin^ihani, tln-n taking
I hr I'a v«'t tr\ illf io;n| t hioii^ili t In- piin- \N ootis to .la to! is'.
ranijMMl for tlir nii^dit, liavinj; rovcifil ilfictn iiiih's
hrtwi'cn ten ami six o'riork. IJut tin* i«M<»rtl of the Sth
hrat all pirN ioiis ones. LrlamI savs: "\\ f start<M| at
six a. III. ami lialtrd for diiim-r at «'l«*v«'n a. in., Iiavinj;
inanhrd tiftmi inih-s in liv«' Imnis, which «*lirit«'t| tin'
miiaik fioin (o'ln-i-al Slicnnaii, who was with our rol
niiin, t hat "it wastln-d st inarrhin;: I «-v»-r saw ." Itut
w«« had two ohjtM-ts in vi«*w ; liist, to ;;ain tin- I'aviitc-
Nilh- plank rojnl lM'foi*«' the 'rwcntifth i'tujis ami tak«*
t he ad \ a mo. A ml second I v, to |tic\('iii t ho fin'in v's cav-
alrv fioiii Imiiiiii;: I'dm-'s bridge o\ci- howiiinu rpock.
\\'«* accojMplishod lioih piirposi's. Aftci- diiinci- wo
cfossrd the clerk aild Weill into taiiip at the tliiitv-
foiirth mile post from I'avet te\ ille, having: inarched
tNvent\two miles throui^h a steady rain from the lime
of start in;;. " While i he nne II umlreil and Fourth were
thus makiiii: »|uick time for the "idiject ive," <';iptiin
Stiawn had heeii sent out after «r«»ssine the Fedee in
roiiimand of ;i lar;;»* IhmIv of foia;;ers and directed to
march tow aids Jiockin;;liaiii. llesays: "I wasdirected
to secure, if possilde. a lot of lloiir. The ca\aliy, as
usual, were ahead, hut we had m* tioulde in ke«'pin;j:
up with them. .\t iii^xht we camped a few miles from
Kockin;;liam. The next inornini; we were oiT liriuht
ami eail\ for the town and arrived in time to see the
cavalrv tU'ivt* out s«une rebel troo|>ers. < )f course our

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 295

cavalry gobbled most of the Hour and left us scant
pickings. Wliile searcliing diligently for what might
be hidden in (Uithouses, oiio of our b()ys found a cjuau-
tity of coined silver stuffed under the shingles on the
X)lates that held the rafters. Now, this was not strictly
something to eat, but tliei-e being no one to claim it,
and it being certain that siuue one with m* better right
would carry it off, the fiinler kept it, but had much
trouble to carry the bulky stuff' into cam]), where I
learned that he disposed of the booty to another sol-
dier who had a 'pull' on a baggage wagon. One of the
boys informed me that on the march he threatened to
throw it away, when one and another offered to let
him divide. On our return to the Brigade I found that
thc^re had been some anxiety about us as we had gone
quite a distance from the route of the main army and
were nearly surrounded by Wheeler's cavalry at tiines.'^
(xeneral Sherman, who was with the Fifteenth
Corps, reached Lanrel Hill on the 8th of March. The
Twentieth Corps followed the Ponrteenth into Fay-
etteville. The Seventeenth Cor])s was on the right and
Kilpatrick's cavalrj^ guarded the left of the array
toward Wadesboro. Hampton's and Wheelei-'s cav-
alry were in his front, but he drove them steadily be-
fore him. General Sherman, while at Laurel Hill, sent
Corporal Pike, a trusted scout, in disguise, to work
his way down the Cape Fear River to Wilmington with
letters in cipher announcing his ap]n'oach. This Cor-
poral Pike was with Thomas on the Chickamauga cam-
paign and well known to the writer. The One Hun-
dred and Fourth marched twelve miles on the 9th and
bivouacked at Montrose Postofifice. Courtright, who
had been out with a foraging party and lost his way,,
reported to the Regiment. The march was resumed
on the 10th, and after going nine miles, a halt was
made for the night thirteen miles from Fayetteville.
On this date, Kilpatrick met with a surprise from
Hampton's troopers, bnt escaping Avith a part of his
men into a swamp, he reformjed them and charging the
enemy recovered his camp and most of his artillery.

5M THE ONi; Hr.M'i;i;i> and k< h uth

Tin' FumMrriiih rorps was tin* liisi ii» arrive in
l-'avfii«'\ill«', wliiih it did on the lllh, an<l was fol-
lowed by tlu' r«*Kt of tin* army. As our troops iMHiinl
tin* imumiiv niid«*r Ilard«M« Irft. «iuss«mI the ('a|M' l^-ar
and litirn«M| i he lirid;;:*-. Tlii' < Mir 1 1 iiiidi-«i| and i'uiirtli
r«'arhfd tin* rity about noon and afirr hailing foi- din-
ner wiMit into ramp, wImt«* it rmiaincd until tin* l."ltli
of Marrli. 'Pin* boys thus had an opportunilN to \ it-w
this brautiful and important jilac*-. Tlif old rnil<*d
Slatrs arsiMial was |orat«'d lu-ic aud had Ihm-u us«m1 by
tin' n-lu'ls as a manufartory of arms. Ilrfon' h*avin«;
i H-noral Shniuan ordn-rd it s dost nut ion. Tho ollico of
till' *M >b»<«*rN«*r." a xirulout rebel new .s|iaper. was also
burned. The at laiiiiMeiit by the artuy of a |>oint so
near the theater of ojieraiioiis in \'ir;:iiiia. aud oiu»

%vlii*riM-ommuni<-atioii.s*could I |Miied with the North

anti home, aud mail rereived, was a source of joy to all.
^^'ilulin;:tou had been raptured by tleneral Terry's
for«-es on I'ebruary l!lid. About noon of the li'ih the
shrill whistle of a steamboat was heard «»n the ri\er.
It was Sunday aud this salutation froui lie- «>iiiside
■World breakiiiu ou the Sabbath stillness seiii a thrill
of ^dadiiess through the ariuy, whieh kiu-w well its
meaniu^'. The bearer of ^lad tidinj^s steanu'd into jhui
and its raptain bote dispalclu's bu- ib-iu'ral Sheiiuan.
<'orporal IMke had tpiieUly perbuiued his errand and
this the answer. .\t si\ p.m. the boat returmd to Wil-
niiii;;tou with h-tiers from «ieueial Sherman to \aiious
liij;h oHiiials. In one to Secretary Staniou In- said:
"The army is in sjiletnlid health, condition ami sjtirits,
thou;^h we have had foul weather, ami r<ta<ls that
Would ha\f slopped travfl to alnmsi an\ other body
of men I ever heard of." Well mi;,dit ^Jem-ral Sln-rman
be proud of his army ami satisfied wiili the results
achieved on this march of m-arly four humlred miles
from Savannah. The obstacles emonnleied were many
and mostly those of nai ure. The rains had been almost
<-ontinuous since slailin;.j. The swamps ami lowlamis
were thioded. Se\eral u'reai ri\ers m-eded to be pon-
toom-d. N«-arl\ c\ef\ mile of the roads was c(»rdu-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 297

royod. Besides the important cities, with their arse-
nals, miiiiitions of wai-, and pnblic property, and rail-
roads, captured or destroyed, the effect of the move-
ment resulted in the evacuation of Charh^ston and,
remotely, the fall of AVilmington. But not less por-
tentious to tlie rebels was the result in the new dan-
ger threateninrj- Lee's army in A^irgiuia, only some two
hundred miles distant. Sherman having disposed of
Johnston's army, estimated at this time to contain
thirty-seven thousand uumi, could march to the assist-
ance of General (irant. Truly, the rebel leaders were
being slowly driven to their last lines of defense and
knew not which way to turn. General Sherman con-
sidered the possibility of Lee's abandoning Richmond
and marching to form a junction with Johnston. Tn
this event General Grant would follow Lee wherever
lie might go. But General Sherman, having, with Sclio-
tield's Army of the Ohio, then approaching Goldsboro,
nearlv ninety thousand men, felt able to meet and cou-
<iuer any combiujition that could be brought against
him.

On March 13th the army, having rested for a day
and replenished somewhat its depleted supplies of cof-
fee and sugar, other articles, particularly shoes and
clothing, not being available, set out again on the
march and was directed toward Goldsboro. General
Johnston was supposed to be concentrating his forces
near Kaleigh, but there Avas a possibility of his attempt-
ing to intervene between Sherman and Schotield, and
this made a speedy junction with the latter desirable.
The One Hundred and Fourth left camp on the 13th
and, crossing the Cape Fear River on a pontoon bridge,
marched out some three miles on the Raleigh plank
road and bivouacked. Sui)plies being scarce, c«)w peas
formed for several days the principal article of diet.
The Regiment remained in camp on the 14th, as some
boats had arrived from Wilmington with su])plies,
which were transferred to the wagons. The loth was
rainj^, but the march was resumed, and after going eight
miles the Regiment went into camp. The army was

IM THE ONE HL'NDKED AND FOURTH

iM»w <liK|M»sti| as follows: 'I'Im* Si*vi*i»tiMMitli Corps on
ihr ri;;lit, tin* Fifl«'<*iit li iH'\t. ami tin* FoiirtrtMit li ami
'rwfiii i«Mli oil I lif h'ft. wiili Kilpal rick's cavaliy \>\•^t■
i**r(iii;^ that Ilaiik, wliirli il siMMiinl |iiolial»lc iiii;^lit !)(>
altarkiHl. All tin* liaiiis wiMf iiio\»mI on iiiirrit>r roads,
fiii'tlifr i*aiHt towai'il ( ioMshoro. Siociinrs coliiiiin
iir«MmffnM| ri'sistaiiro as it a«lvaiirr(l intrtli ami tho
.i\ali'\ «li«l roiisiilrral»l«- skiniiisliiii^ in front, raptiir-
iii;: aiiioi|w^ oilnTs, ro|«tm'l AIImti Klictt, a tfirlMat«Ml
S«Mitli ('ai'olina liirrat«*i-, \n lio was miicli chajiiincd.
Il«' luitl (-oniiiiaiiil<-*l a lii-i;:a<lf, iImm ariiii;; as n-ar
;:nartl. It Immii;.' a|ipari-nt that I lir «'ii<iii\ w as in si ion;;
for< I- in front, Sloriini iiio\«mI witli i-aiiiion on iIh- Hlih,
until a|ipi'oarliiii;r A v«*i-\ sImuo. I laidrc's aiiiiv was
foiiml orrnpviii;; a stfon;^: position mi swainpv uioiiml
Im'|w«'«'|i tin* <"api* l'«*ai' ami South Kivci^i. ili-mial
SliiMiiian. who was on tin- loft, diroctiMl an iinnnMliat«*'
attark. <M'm*fal Sjocnni deployed .Jaekson's and jiait
of VN'afd's divisions in linni, w hile a hripulc was sent
far ai-oiind on the left to take the enemy in the ttank.
The latter nio\cinent fesnited in diivin;; them in font
fioiii their first line and the captnre of Khett's Ini-
;:ade t<i;;et her with Macliet h's battery tif t hiee i^iins. A
;;eneral attark was now jirepared for l»y foiinini: 'l'«'
tirst and seroiid divisi(»ns of the I'onrteenth ( "orps on
the li'ft «»f .laekson. Kil|»atriek heiii;: sent to sei/e the
Iteiitoiiville road was driNfii liark hy the division of
M« Law's. The atta«kin;: foires, then ad\anriiiLi. drove
Hardee's army within his inlremhmeiils and w as press-
ing him elose w hen ni;:ht eanie on. In the disposal for
attack the One lluiidred and I'oiirth oreiipie<l a posi-
tion in the fioiii line, loit was scarreiy eii;.:a;.jed ami
lost no men < Mi the nioinin;: of the iTth il was found
that llartlee had aliandoiied his works and retreated.
Hiir losses in the hat t le of A \erysl)oro were t W el\e o ni-
ce |>i and sixty ti\e men killed, and four hundred ami
>»eviMit y-si'Veii men woiindid. The enemy left one hun-
dred and seMMit \ ei;iht men d4*ad on the tield, the nuni-
Iter of wounded not known. Several hundred prisoners
Wen- taken. The arm\ roniinued liie mairh toward

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 29»

Goldsboro <»n the 17tli, the Fourteenth Corps leading.
The One Hundred and Fourth marched six miles
through s\vam]>s and ereeks and <am])('d. The roads
traversed on the ISth were bad, witli many ch'e]) creeks
to Avade, but tlie Kegiment marched fourteen miles.
Some of the foragers brought in good supplies of hains^
chickens, turkeys, and sweet potatoes.

(leneial Sherman, believing that Johnston's army
had retreated to Smithtield and would not furtlier oj)-
pose his march to Goldsboro, joined Howard's column
and pushed hard for that place. The roads were bad.
and the lines were well stretched out, but Sherman
was anxious to meet Schotiehl. He apparently h>st for
the time his usual caution in allowing the two wings
to be so widely separated in the presence of his wily
antagonist. The latter had by forced marches effected
a junction with Hardee at l>entonville, where lie had
caused several miles of works to be erected and was
ready to fight, offensively and defensively. Well posted
as to Sherman's movements a trap was prepared by
Johnston, which added new credit to his skill as a com-
mander. Two isidated divisions of the Fourteentli
Corps were approaching his lines, two more were sev-
eral miles distant, the rest of the left wing was scat-
tered for ten miles in the rear. ITe proposed to attack
and destroy these in detail. Howard was known to
be too far away to afford immediate assistance. That
Johnston did, not succeed was owing to conditions aris-
ing which he could not control and Avhicli developed
later. The left wing, under Slocum, marched early on
the 19th of March, Carlin's Division leading. ITobart's
Brigade was ill advance and had proceeded leisurely
along for some three or four miles toward Bentonville,
meeting with some show of resistance from Dibbrell's
Cavalry, as was supposed, from behind rail bai-ricades.
These were driven oif, but the character of the oppo-
sition indicated heavier forces behind. Major Wid-
mer, who commanded the Regiment, advanced care-
fully in the woods on tike right of the road, when his
attention was called bv Sherman Leland to what

300 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

aii<l t lu* iiftioii lifciiiiic «;<*ii<T:il in fioiit of i he ( Mi«' 1 luii-
thctl aiiiil FiMirili ami I lie Hi'i;:ailc. .Majoi- W'idiiK'i- ntn-

M'ilMltfS tllf follnNX i|i;r amitllll of lilt* lialllr uf Iti'llloli-

\ill<- nil till- IMili, aii*l tin- part lakrii in ii hx ilw ( »ii*'
IIiiikIi-imI and Fourth and lltdiari's liri^radr: -*Tlir Itat-
1 1<* of (lif null was ill I lie iuiiiii'«' «if a sniprisc !«• ('ar-
I ill's Division, ami rsjMTially to I lidtait's I'.i i;;ad«', \\ Idle
oil t ln'inanli. Kailv in t ho iiioinin;,M In* Uriuadr started
oiii nil th«* road to <Johlsl>oro by wav of < "ox's
luid;;«* in tho foMowin;.^ oidoi-: Ninoty-loiin h (Hiio,
Kij:hty-tM;:ht h Indiana. Thiit \ i hiid Ohio, Forty-srroml
Imliana. Tw fiitylirst W'iscoiisiii, ( »no llnndiod and
i'onrth Illimds, tin- fiist ihifo rc^iimt'iits coniposin;:
w hal was t Iumi «alh'd i h«- riuhi w Iiil; of i he |»ri;;ad«'. and
tin- last tliior the jclt uin;^. In advance of the ridnmn
and sjiieadin^ ri;^ht and left o\ er t he connt I'V, weie t he
nsiial dt'tails of foia;;ers, who, thus faf on the lonj;
niai'rh from Sa\annah, had lieeii aide to lniish away
any liodies of rehel ravalry that atteiii|)ied to ini|MM|e
our (no^iiess. \\ hen t he l'rit:a<h* ^^ ii>* almnt t hiee miles
out on the road a seatteiin^ mnskeiiy lir half a mile
or so ill advance was heanl, w hirh ;iiadiiall,\ increased
until it assnined the |>ro|Mirt ions of a li\ely skirmish,
and as the Hri^aile a|iproached the scene it was «lis-
roxeied that the 'iMimmeis' had for once ^ot hold of
Hoiiiet hin;j t hey could not uet away with.

"The |{ri;:ade, under i hi- dirertion ^>\' (leiii-ial «'ai-
iiii, was |>rompil\ l>rou;:iii into line of hattle on i he
ri;:hl (east> side uf the road, the ri;;ht w in;^ in advance,
the left win;: ill leserxe. The ii;:hi will;:; was then
oideri'd to c|iar;:e, which it did in handsome st\ le, dii\-

iii^ the enemy from his lii f rail harricades, and

folhiw in;: liiiii rapidly across sonie open tields and into
heavy tiniher lieyoml. As soon as the harricades were
■ .inied the left wiii;;. still in line of hattle dlu* Oue

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 301.

Hundred and Fourth being the left regiment), was
ordered to join in tlie pursnit, whieh was maintained
for more than half a mile at a very rapid pace, some-
times on the double (piick, and until this wing had
nearly arrived at a point where the Goldsboro road,,
which for soni distance ran almost nortli, turned east-
ward. Here the left wing was ordered to halt, the
One Hundred and Fourth being on the left side of the
road, and the other two regiments to the right of it,,
all in line fronting noi-thward, and still in heavy tim-
ber.

"The right wing of the Brigade had pushed on sev-
eral hundred yards further to the north and away from
the road as it turned eastward. To its front was an
open field, on the further side of which, in plain view,,
was a line of earthworks stretching across the held
and into the woods, right and left, but how far could
not be seen. In fact, as it was afterward ascertained,
the line of works to the right bore southward so as to
cross the (loldsboro road a short distance east of
the turn in the road. Behind these works were the
old veterans in gray, ready to give us their warmest
reception ; and here in the timber was our little Bri-
gade of twelve hundred men, facing what proved to be
the wlude of Johnston's army, but still supposing it
had nothing but cavalry to drive away, and tlien
resume its march.

"The left wing had halted but a few moments, when
a rebel battery in their line of works opened tire, sweep-
ing with shot and shell the road coming up from the
south through the timber. The wing was then moved
east of the road about two hundred yards and again
brought to a front facing northward. Just as the
movement was completed General Garlin discov.Ted
the enemy was advancing on the right Hank of this
line. He in person ordered me to move the One Hun-
dred and Fourth to the rear, change front to the east,.
advance and prevent the rebels from turning that flank.
I did as dire(;ted, throwing Company F forward as skir-
mishers under Captain Strawn, who soon struck the

903

THE ONJ. HI M>Ki.l« AM" KiilKTH

oiirtiiiiiii;; vv\u'\ skiniiisliri s and a warm t'\<i\\[ «mis(mm1,
n*Mi)tiii;; ill sioppiiij^ tlir «'iii'|iiv'k athaiirr on that
tlaiik. Ity tliiK iii(iviMiii*ut tli('<>i)<> lliiii<lnMl ami Fourth
«i)>taiii(Mi a positiitii in h<-avv ti!nh«>i- alMMil tivc hiiii-
<ii-r«l \art|s to ih«' ri^ht uT (h«- itiail. aiiti fntiiiiii^ cast-
wjirii. In a shoii time Ih** Thiid Hri^^aih* nf ('ailiirs
Uivistnii caiiK* lip (III the ii;;hl <>f 1 he < )ii«' i I uiuli-cil and
Foiirih, thiiK I'Xti'ndin^' lh«' lint' uT haith' soulhwai'd
thr h'n;;th of that lni;:adr, and lh«* Tw «'iil \ liisi Wis-
«-onsin raiiK* inio lini> on the h'ft of our Kf^zitut-ni, and
thr Forty-s«n'«ind Indiana on Hn- l<fi of the 'r\N«'nt,\-
tii-st W'ist'onsin thr liin' of ihcsf iwo rr^iinicnts i-oin-
iii;; soiiifwhal to tin* \M's1, l»iit imi i iinii<-rt in;;; with ih-
otln-r uin;: <'f lli" |{ri;:a<i»', iho ;ia|> luin;: jtaitiallx < ov-
«t«mI, howrvrr, hv a foni-;:Mn iKillciy of oiii- l>i\ision.
Tin* S«M<ind Ihi^iatjc was put into linr to tho h'ft of
Mohan's Hri^xadr, and t hns < arlin's I >i\ ision, in a sin^^h*
liin* of halt h' \N ilh a <i;\\t in t h«' niithlh*, faird t he tMiciny.
As soon as ih«*sr disposit i«ins had Imm-ii math- <i«'in'ial
< 'aiiin oidcird i h<* oi ht-r w inu of uuf Uii^xadt* to ciiarj^c
tin* rrJH'l woiks in ihcii- fioni. I'roni ih<- jtositittii of
our K«-;;inH'ni von could not s«»«' th«' uioNt'un'Ut, hut tho
4-oniiiinous roll of niusUrtiv and houniin<;; of artillery
told US that oiif roniradrs of that win;; w«'r»' (Mi;ja;;«M!
in a dt-adly ronlrsi with the tdd for. The rhai'iir was
vi^^»|•onsIv inadr and wt-H sustained, luii mci with a
Idoody H'pnisc u hfii the assailants unc within a few
ftM'i of ih«> irhcl works, tin- l'i;:ht v oi;,dil h hhliaua suf-
feriii;; most se\»'i-f|\ in Uilli'd and wouudi-d.

"I think it was ai this sia;;** of ihe halile «Mn«'ial
<'arliii tame to the ronrlusion that soinethinu; more
than ravalrv was o|)|M)sin;,r his inarch, auil thai h<- had
a serious t);:ht on hand, l-'ioni the NiuldMUii resist-
ati<'«* of the enemy in their fi-oiii, ihi- hoys of < Niinpany
I' had already made the same disro\««iy, and Captain
Sirawn had lepnrted to mr that he uas li^jhlin;; in-
fant rv.

**'rh»- One Hundred and I'oiiiih remained in its last
ineiitioned position for se\iial hours, iluiin;: whieli
lime. h\ direction of (Icm-ral llohaii. the line of hat-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 303

tie threw up a slight line of works. The skirmishers
were coustautlv and sharply en<;;ij;e<l with the rebels,
the firing being rapid and continuous for a skirmish
line. Company F's ammunition becoming nearly ex-
hausted, and their guns foul, I relieved that Company
by Companies A, B, C and E, under Cai)tain Dewey,
who pushed the rebel skirmishers clos(n' to their main
line, and who, in turn, were relieved by Company D,
under Lieutenant Kood.

"After the other wing of our Brigade was repulsed
the game on our side appeared to be a waiting one,
though the skirmishers kept up a (•i)nstaut rattle. The
fio-hting was wholly in the woods and but little could
be seen of what was going on, right or left. J^ome time
after noon, I think about two o'clock, a tremendous
firing and cheering brcdce out over whe?;e the other
wing of the Brigade had made its charge in the fore-
noon. It required but little experience to know that
one side or the other was making an assault. But
which side, and with what result? In a few moments
I noticed the firing and yelling was moving south-
ward, indicating that the rebels were on the charge
and had smashed Carlin's lin^. I at once directed Jacob
Overmire and Philip Hawk, two as brave and trusty
boys as ever pulled trigger, to go to our rear (west),
get as near to the road as they could without being
seen, and let me know what was going on there. In
about fifteen minutes they came back and reported
that a heavy body of the enemy was in our rear mov-
ing southward and driving everything before them.
I aftei'ward learned that this force and the troops
participating in the rebel movement numbere<l about
ten thousand men.

''Before Overmire and Hawk returned the Twenty-
first Wisconsin and Forty-second Indiana had let go
their line, and drifted by the rear of the One Hundred
and Fourth in squads, thus leaving the left tiank of
our Regiment 'in the air,' and my skinuishers in front
were also being driven in, showing that the enemy
were moving on us in that direction. When I received

)M iiii. ...NK Hl'NI>HKl' AN!' FoL'KTH

Ovrrmin'*' aiul Hawk's i«|Mti'i 1 \\«*iit tn tin- unict-r
roiiiiiiaiHlin;; tin* n*t;iiiu'iii in*\( lUi tlu* ri|^lii, wliirli
was still in liia*. tohl liiiii tin* silualioii wr wi-if in,
and proposi'ii that wt* ab«»ul face both ifjiiim-nis, tix
havoiMis an<l rhaip* thi* irhfls then in «Mir n-ar, strik-
in;; thrill «iii ihr Ihiiik, ami with a vrll ami a vollrv at
tl»»sr ran;:** \v<- \\«nihl ;:ivr th«- '.luhiiiii«-s' siuh a shovi*
WfstwanI as woiihl niahh- iis t«> ^fi <»ui i<i i Ik- souili.
Tlif Mnim- jliM-liiiiii;: to taUr jtait in t he rhar;i«-, at uin*':
iihivimI his n';:iiiiriM i»tT hy its iii;ht Ihiiik. ami was
siMtii «tiii «>f sij^ht.

••Uni- little lvfL'im''iii "f t-i^hl onicns and oiir huii-
tlr«-<l and lift\ iiifii all i«dd was tln-rc alt»ii<' with I li«*
fiKMiiv tlusiii;:: ill on its from and h*ft llaiik, and a
lu*a\ V foir«* passinji anoss its rrar, noi nioic than four
hiindnMl vanis distant, Imt. Iiw kilv for tin* K»*^inn*iit,
oiii ttf si^hl owin;:: to ili<- ihirk ninh'rinnsh iiitnvcn-
iii;:. 'I'ln* situation was an oxtnni«*ly nitiral oii»-, and
1 think •'M-rv man in the lic^iiiimi iimh-rstood ii just,
as Wfll as 1 «lid, v<*t all ht-havrd lik<* tin* v«'t«*i-ans tlu*y
were, and await«*«l orders, lint no onlers oanu'. The
onslan;;hl of tin* leln'ls had Imm-ii so sudden and vio-
h'lit that it swept lhe(NNisioii and luiiiaile e«uiiiiiand-
ers and tln*ir stall' oMici-rs awa.v in the general rout.
What was to l»e dnm-? M v skirmishers were all driven
ill. I km-w iliMi in leii iniiiiiies, |terliai»s live, t he enemy
Would he on top (if us, and would answi-r tin* <|Uesiioii,
so I derided it : *A 1 1 eiit itui. ha 1 1 a lion ! lii^ht fate, ftu-
ward, niarrh!' and we moved <dT in ;:ood order to the
south, 'riiroii^ih heavy tiniher. underhrush, \ines and
a <lense swamp where the water was o\er knee di*ej>,
we marehed nearly half a niih* |tarallel with the rebel
assauliiii;: rolumn, but un|)er(-ei\ed by them, until we
arrixi'd in nnu"e n|M'n woods, wlier<' to our lefi we roiild
see the lilies of the Seroinl IMvision of our ( "oips, and
to our rij;ht (west) about two hundred and lifty yards
distant, was the left Hank of the rebel line pushim: <m
south. The chaine to ;,dv«' the «'iieiiiy a blow was loo
tempiiii'^ to be lost. I ;;ave i he (■oiumamls: '( )n the
ri;:ht, b\ tih- into line!* ami '<'<Miimenre liriui:!* I'ile

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 306

by file the boys stepped into line and opened up the
old tune on their rifles with a vim that soon compelled
the enemy to give us their close attention.

'^e held our position until they swung around our
left flank, and then I ordered the Regiment to fall back
to the Second Division. Thus ended our fighting for
the day, and it turned out to be the last time the One
Hundred and Fourth delivered its fire in line of
battle."

The battle of the 19th was fought mainly by eight
brigades of our army and Kilpatrick's cavalry against
Johnston's whole army, which had been carefully or-
ganized for attack behind his works. The evening
closed down with our forces in ]>ossession of nearly all
of the ground that had been lost, the last charge being
made by Cogswell's Brigade of the Twentieth Corps
which arrived late. As the rest of the Twentieth
arrived the line of battle was extended to the left with
Kilpatrick's cavalry on that flank. General Sherman
had heard the cannonading and late in the day was
notified of the nature of the battle, Howard's head
of column w^as then ten miles from Goldsboro. Gen-
eral Sherman at once turned back the troops toward
Bentonville. Early on the 20th Generals Baird, Geary
and Hazen arrived on the field with their commands,
Later two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps arrived
and the right wing was deployed until its left connected
with SlocTim. These movements occupied all of the
20th, and at night the army confronted the enemy in
his works, which were strong and built V shaped with
the angle projecting to the Goldsboro road. Mill Creek
protected the enemy's flanks. The columns of Slocum
and Howard faced these lines. On the 21st, w^hich was
rainy, nothing was done until noon, beyond some artil-
lery firing and skirmishing. General Sherman says
in his "Memoirs" : "In the uncertainty of General John-
ston's strength I did not feel disposed to fight a gen-
eral battle, for we had been out from Savannah since
the latter part of January, and our wagon trains con-
tained but little food." However, about noon. General

Mt THE ONE HL'NDKKI> AND FulRTH

MowiT, who, SlHTinan savs, was "fVcr rash." a«lvaiHMMl
hiK division aii«l hrfakin-: ihn»u«:h iht- rxtn-nn- irhil
li*fl was pushing sur»»-ssfullv f«»rwanl, wImmi Shrrm.-m,
fi-arfiil (»f a iniir»MHrai i<»ii agaiiisi him h> th«* nuMiiy,
onh'n-.l him ba»k whih- h«- ni-ia;.'.'.! tin- aliriiiiMii i»f
Ihi* whole rebel line willi a smmg skirmish lii*'. <J»mi-
eral SlHTiuaii says fraiiklv: "I iliiiik I maih- a mi8-
takf tluM'f, ami shoiihl lapiilly li;iv»- fnll.»w«'«l Mower's
\vm\ with I hi' wh<»h* of ih<' ri<.Mit wing, whiih woiihl
have brotight on a g»*m*ral batth*, ami it runhl not
have resnltiMl otherwise than sueressfuUy to iis, by
reason of our vastly suprrior inimlu-rs; liui at the
mttmrni, for th«* n-asons given. 1 lUt'lcntMl to make
juntti«»n with (Jeiirrals Terry and S* lioti«'l»l brfon*
«*ngaging .lohnston's army, tin* strength of whi<li was
utterly unknown." Tims by lark of good jmlgment
on that ocrasion (irnnal Slicrman lost tin- golden
opportunity to utterly ruin .lolnision's army. Tiie day
closed with our lim*s (dos«' up to the cmMny. nu tli»'
morning of the li2tl it was found that .lolmsion, with
his army, hail gone, h*aving nothing behind Inn his
pickets and tlied<*ad and wounded.

Thus ended the battle of IJeUtolixiiJe. ronsidered

liy Home historians as one of ijie de»isive battles id' the
war, but We ran only » all it a niittoi- luie id that riass.
It had been fuiiglit mainly by ejglii brigades id' our
army ami Kiljiat rit k's cavalry on the I'.Mli. and against
I he whole of doliusioii's army. The w ell-de\ ised jdans
of the t'oufederate leader hail failed, partly fiom lark
of eouperaiiou by his troops, rom|»osei| of the com-
mands of Bragg, I lardee, ( 'heat ham and S. I). Lee, and
jiartly on account of the splen.lid fighting ami stejidy
resistame of ("arlin's and Morgan's divisions until the
Twentieth < 'orps <-oulil be broiigln into llie field. The
character of the fighting on both sides was eipial to
jiny show II on previous occasions, while the geiieial
ship of Slociim and his subonlinafe commanders was
most coininemlable. No doubt the result was a bitter
disappoint nieiit to .lohustoii. who could not hope after
this to have such decided advantages in his favor.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 307

GeiU'i'jil Slociiin's losses were ns follows: Nine ofli
cers and 145 iiicii killed, 51 orilceis and SKi ineii
wounded, and 22G niissin«>. Aj;iL»i'eoat(^ 1,247. The
rebel dead buried by Slocimi numbered KJT. Pris(Miers
captured, :>:iS. The losses to llowaril's ri<;ht Avini;' were
2 otiicei's and 35 men killed, 12 olVicers and 2S!> men
wounded, and TO missing. Au:Lire<;ate, 107, Grand
total losses, 1,054. Howard (•a])tured 1,287 prisoners
and buried 100 rebel dead. The rebel losses, aecording
to General Johnston, amounted to 2,'.WA. This, how-
ever, is underestimated, as shown by the reports.

The One Hundred and Fourth, which felt the tirst
force of the atta(dv, and, as usual, acquitted itself with
credit, as did the Brigade, suffered tlu^ fidlowing cas-
ualties on the 10th: "" Killed— Kichard M. Ilhiibart,
Company K. Wounded — A<ljutant K. (\ Stevens, Cor-
poral N. Baker, Company A; Corporal Seneca Gallup,
Mons Olson and S. I). Bassendale, of Company li; T. H.
Markley and Albert Harris, <'ompany ('; Corjjoral ^I.
J. Lane, Company I); Cor])oral A. L. Mason, Company
F; Sergeant W. Misner, G. D. Misner and P. A. Hawk,
of Company G; John Coyne, of Company I. Total, 14.
Major \Mdmer was hit by a ball with sufficient force
to tear off" the heel of his boot and cause a slight bruise,
and several others experienced similar narrow escapes.
Adjutant Stevens, Avho was struck in the side by a
spent ball and suffered severeh-, would not go to the
hospital, but renuiined on the field. In regard to the
character of the fighting Leland says: "After our lines
were established the rebels charged in five or six lines
and when repulsed kept repeating their charges. One
of these, which the Adjutant and myself witnessed,
was made in the face of seventeen pieces of our artil-
lery, until seeing the folly of such w^aste of life the
rebels withdrew to their works." Captain Strawn thus
relates his experience on the skirmish line and some
incidents of the battle. He says: "Our Regiment had
at Bentonville the most lively affair we had partici-
pated in for some time. On the morning of the 19th
we w^ere marching along by the right flank feeling very.

SM THE UNE IHNl'Ki;!' AM' KoiicTH

ctuuforial»l«- ami liapi»,v, wiih tin- 'lniiiiMirrs,' as usuaU
ill advain-f. I may as \\«-ll ii;:li» Ihm*- it-mark lliat the
*m*inis ImmiiMi" \n as sii|)|m>simI to hr a il<'\ il-mav-rarf
K4U( «»f ffllow who matif mtiliiiij; of small tlilVunllifS,
bui if rt'al «nirs (-onfi-onirtl liim in his 'i'i*\as sircr fash-
ion oi r«»amiiiy; at lar{j[<* ovtT tin* rouiitiy. In* was as
fast ai« tin* afon'sai«l st«'«T in hnntin;i his In-nl. Ahont
«'i;;ht a. m. Manh IJMh. tin* nnm<*nnis Immnnis in luir
flout tann* hnnxin;: in on ohl «io\vhail lioist-s ami
iiiiiU's, itnuonmin;^ iln* «*n<*mv to In* in fnll foirr in tin*
woods, fnmi whrn»<* tln-v had just nia<h' ilnii- hasty
ami nmli;:nitii'<l «*.\ii. Tin- lv«*^Mnn*nt was imm«'<liat<*ly
thiowii into lin** of liaiilt* Ity Major W i<lm»'i-. W't* did
not r»*ally rxiM-ri iln-if was mm-li m*<'d of it, lint latrr,
wlu'ii a <*anmm bail <am»* |don^hin^ tliioiiiih tin* ti«*«*s
ovfi- oiir hoads, saw iliai l>nsim*ss of a stTions natnre
was on hand. Tin* (hn* llnmln-dand I'onrth advanml
on t In* rii^ht of i In* road, and I \\ as smt out in com ma ml
of tin* skirmish linr. \\ lii'tiifi- this was composrd of
nn'n from onr Kr^^imt-nt ajon*- I do not r<*m<*inli) r. Init
I itTolh'rt distim-tly that we had mtt j:;om* far wind
wt' r«T«*ivi'il tin* Jilt* of I he r<*lM*l skirmish<*rs, a|»|>ar-
t'lilly fjitsr upon ns. h did not take lonLr for t'\»*ry
man. without a tiinniiand. io seek i om-i- hrhiiid iIm*
n«*ar<*si i rco oi- snjilint: ;nid ili<*n ktM-jt up a shar|t look-
ont for a rrln-j iinifoini. This wa*^ m»t always safr,
foi- disc«»v«*riiij: a Idnt* Idon.sc ;i lew p;n»'s in fi-.ini. ;ind
snpposin;i it lu'lon^nl to uni- of niv nu-ii, 1 liitil to
frstrain on«* of my hoys from liiinu :ii ii. I had hafdiy
spok<*n w hoii a pnIT «if smokt- arosi* ami a hnllfl from
tin* ;:nn of the man in tin* hhn* Idonso harkrd tin* sa|>-
lin;: wln*r«* my skirmisher sIo.mI. Thf rflicl dr<»|»ii«*d as
In* tii'cd ami nawlrd awav. Imii I did not laniion any
on<* a^ain m»t lo liri- io tin- from. This was ahont ten
or •*h*v«*n a. m. and Itriwcrn this ami two p. ni. our
nn*n had )*\p<*nd(*d sixty roumis of cart ridi:fs. When
the last cartrid;:** was ranim*<l lioun- and I had sfiit
for nn»i«* w«* wt'r«* ii'licvcil li\ amitln-r skirmish line
and iTJoincd tin* I{c;;inn*ni. I was near Major \\'idiin*r
w In-n In* was si ruck li\ a huili-t . < Mn- of iln- li..\ s i all»d

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 309

out, 'Major, are you hurt?' 'X-o-o/ lie replied, with
a look of disgust I shall never forget. The lighting
continued until evening with a number of casualties
to our Regiment."

When on the iiHuniiig of the 22d the relxd works
were found to be empty and Johnston's army in retreat,
Geueral Sherman order(^d pursuit to be made, but soon
recalled the troops and directed all to march f<u* Golds-
boro. This ste}* was quite necessary, as ammu-
nition and rations were scarce, the men ragged and
many without shoes. The One Hundred and Fourth,
striking tents (])U]) tents) at nine a. m., moved off, and
marching leu miles reached Cox's bridge over the Neuse
River at dark, where it went into camp for the night.
General Sherman, who had arrived, met here General
Terry with two divisions of the Tenth Corps. The
march was resumed on the 23d and much foraging
done by the hungry men on the way. Goldsboro was
reached in time for the army to i)arade through the
city, after which the One Hundred and Fourth camped
on the north side. Leland says: "We had completed
probably as long and eventful a campaign as any
known in military history in modern times. On enter-
ing Goldsboro we passed in impromptu review before
General Sherman's headquarters (i. e., his tent-flies)
for the benefit of the eastern troops in the city. We
were a gay looking set to be revieAved, some having no
shoes, some no hats, and all in rags, while a great many
had hams or shoulders swung on their muskets. As
the pack mules came along General Sherman, slapping
Schofield on the shoulder, said: 'There's my line of
communications.' The boys inarching badly General
Sherman said to the officers, 'My boys don't march very
well, but they will fight.' On the campaign no orders
were received restraining the men from destroying
from the time we entered South Carolina until we
reached North Carolina; then we were ordered to stop
burning. The first house we saw on entering the for-
mer state was destroyed, and probably one in ten
escaped after that. The rich were put in the cabins

310 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

of tlif iir^rtM's; tlM'ir tatilf ainl ruin w «•!•«' »isim1 for
rations. iImmt f«Miri*s for «iii»liiiuv aii<l raiiin lirrs, aiul
tlifir barns ami lotioii «;iiiK fur lM>utin*s. It st*iMin'«l
to In* »li*rnHMl that South ('ai'oliiia. having: s<t\\ ii t h«'
wiiul. slioiihl ira|» th«* whirlwiml."

'I'hr T\N ••lit vt hii«l i 'oi|ts was i h<ii in < JithKlim-.t ami
thf miit»Ml sti«'ii;;:t h t»f all tin* aiiui«*s aiii<Miiii4Ml i«t one
hiiiKli't'd t hoiisaml iikmi. ( >ii tin* 24 th the < Mi<- 1 1 iiii<li-«-<l
uimI Fourth, ^oin;: on a ftua;:iii;; rxinMlitiou. icniiinMl
with an aliun*lanr«- of corn niral, ]Mitato(>s, nit-at, an*!
fVrn honov. (Mi tin* iM.th tin* in»'ii woio niado ^la«l l»v
tin* arrival of an moi luous mail, tin- tiist lorriviMl sim-c
lmvin;x Savannah, two uioulhs hcftu-**. ('<»urtri;;ht
siM'aks of ^ifttini; t hilt \ six l»'it«-rs ami savs In- wrote
lliirt v-«'i;iht. Till' r«'j;ular ih-iails foi- pirUri duly woi**
math* ('V«Mv day, hut t hrr** rt-maim-d amjdt' I imo f«U" all
to oujoy llio I't'st and |ih'asur<'s (o In- roiiin! at (odds-
lioio. (Ml A|»iil lid rloihiii^ was issued to the Kejii-
nieiii. Hetwecn that date and the KMh tin- ;:allant
Imys who had fought at the liatllc of Nashvilh-, Lii-u-
ti'iiant Arnold and others, also many iero\ered froui
8<*ver«* wounds, anionj^ them Serjieani \\ ni. II. (luiard,
returned to the Ke«^inieiii. (Ml Apiil (Ith ollicial news
was received <tf the fall of Kit huioiid and its or«u|»a-
tioii l»y (leiiei-al 'Iraut's arm\. I.ehuul says: "The
afternoon was s|tenl in rejoieiu^. ami alioul one hun-
dred thtuisand rheeis went u|i. hi say nothing.: of the
'old r(Uiiniissary' that went down aniou^ the ollicers.
I heard a dispaleh fioui < Irant io Sheriuan read, order-
iii;^ him to uiove as so(Ui as |iossilde and liel|» hrin;;
the war to a r|os<*. In the eveninji the air was lillefl
with rorkets ami ini|u-om|itu tireworks. < Mie of the
favorite devices was to |uil powder in a « aiit«M*n, then
luiry it and li^lil with a fuse." The army reiiiaine«l at
(oddshoro until April HMli, during' which lime it was
re<loiliei|. reor;^ani/.ed a lid put in shaiM' for aiioihei-
campai;:n. which all the men felt was to close the war
and reiurn lliem in iheii' hoincs ami ilie pursuit^ of

peace.

(CHAPTER XIX.

The Last Campaigrn — March to Raleigh — President Lincoln's As-
sassination— Johnston's Surrender — End of the War.

General t^hennaii, wht» h;ul ^miv to City Point on
March 2r)th to confer with (Teneral (xrant, meantime
leavinii' (leiieral Schofiehl in command of tlie army,
returned to (rohlsboro on the 30th, and set vigorously
to work on ])reparations for the next campaign. He
made some changes in the organization of his army.
The left wing was styled the Army of (Jeorgia. Gen-
eral Joseph A, Mower was put in command of the
Twentieth Corps in place of General Williams. The
Tenth Corps, under Terry, was added to the Army of
the Ohio, which was called the center, and commanded
by General Schoticld. The right wing retained the
old title. Army of the Tennessee, The cavalry was
still commanded by Kilpatrick. The left, center and
right contained respectively 28,0()3, 26,392, 28,834 men.
Grand total, 88,948 men. The artillery numbered 91
guns. General Carlin was superseded in command of
the First Division by General C. C. Walcutt. The First
Brigade, commanded by General ITobart, contained the
same regiments as heretofore. Our own and the For-
ty-second and Eighty-eighth Indiana had marched and
fought together since leaving Mnrfreesboro in 18()3.

On Monday, A])ril lOtli, Sherman's armies were
again set in motion toward the enemy. Johnston
was then at Smithtield, but on Sherman's approach
retreated through Kaleigh. The left wing was directed
to the latter city, fifty miles from Goldsboro, The One
Hundred and Fourth marched twelve miles on the 10th
and camped. Sergeant William Harrold, of Company
C, was wounded by a torpedo which had been planted
in the road. The next day the Regiment acted as train

II- THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

guanl. Soiiu* Kkirinishiujj was done in from ;in«l occa-
8iiiii:il raniinnadiii^' was lH*anl, During tin* ni^'lit of
tlir lllli (iiMinal SlH/niian n-crivrtl won! fnuii (Jt*ii-
eral Grain thai L^f aiul his; army liad surivmltTeil to
hiiu on tin* iMli of April. This w«*lr<nin' in*ws was
aiinMUiUMMl t«( thr arm} in Mi«hMs on ihi* llilii, and
caus«Ml «;rfat n*joiriii;4;. All roiisidi'i»Ml that iln* ••iid
of tJM' war was iirar at hand. The t|iifs!ioii iIm-m was,
will .It»hiiston surn'nd«*r — ami whfMi? As th<' arini»*8
caiiu' nearer to Ivalfiu;li. .lohnston rrtirril to (JnMMis-
boro. TIh* (>m* Ihimlifd and I'oiirih ramiM-d on the
evtMiin;; of tin* 12th at Stallinjj's Stat ion. Inland savs
ill rr^Mi-d to tin* i:itli: "\\«* starifd at four a. m.. antl
walUin^I rapidly brat i li. Tw cntiiM h Torps into Kah'i^di,
arriving; ln*foiT 10 o'riuck. Marchini; up tin* main
stiii'i to the iniio of 'Hail < olnmhia/ a hall was mad<*
at ili«' tajtitol and onr anus stacked mi iIm* sipiare.
As d»Mails for prt»t(M'tlon were calltMl f<ir l>y tin* riti-
zens, j;nards w«'r«* s«*nt with iIhiii. so that in a short
tinn* the nii«' lhindr<M| and l-'ouith was scaltrrrd all
ov<*r town. Kalcijjih was tin* pr«Mti«'st looking «ity we
bad s«M'ii in the Sontli, tin- honses were mostly larjje
and in ^nutd condition, the ^aitleiis fnll td llowers and
the air fra^^ranl e\ery wlier**." The pleasure derived
from sneh surroundings was no doubt increased by the
expectation that all the marrhinjj; and linhtin^^ was
8oon to rml. The I'MftJM'nth ( 'orps was reviiwtd un the
14th by ^Jeiierals Sli»rman, Howard, SltMuni. Terry and
liOj^an. (Jeneral SlnMiuan, siandinj;; on the st«*ps of
the capitol, was all smiles and alTability. l>ef«»re his
arrival he had been waited u|>on by a ••ommittee of
the prominent citizens of Kalei^h, who brspoke his for-
bearance and that of thr army. Their coutidem •• was
not mis|da<-ed. In ihc afternoon of th)' 11th the < Mie
Hundred and I^Mlrlll, which had be^nin to ft'«*l ai home
in Kalci;xh, was mtli-icd lo march toward the fnmt
on the llillsboru road, and ;;oin;; •'ii,dn miles, camped
at Claiborne Station. The inar«h was resumed on the
loth at six, ami continued all day. Holly S|>rin;^'s was
rea<dHMl at ;ii;;ht and it be;;an to look as if the war was

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 313

not over yet. On the 16tli the Regiment, after nuirch-
iug all the forenoon, was halted and went into camp
near 'Martha's Vineyard and not far from the Cai)e
Fear Kiver. General KSherman had on the 14th re-
ceived a note from Johnston requesting a conference
to consider terms for the surrender of his army. Gen-
eral Sherman in reply named the 17th of April as the
date when he would meet the rebel (Jeneral. In
the meantime hostilities were sus])end»Ml for forty-
eight hours and the advance columns held in abeyance.
On the morning of the 17th as General Sherman was
about to leave for the outposts between the two armies,
he received a dispatch from Secretary Stanton that
President Lincoln had been assassinated, an attempt
made on Seward and his son, and that it was supposed
a like fate was intended for other high officers. Gen-
eral Sherman, filled with sadness and astonishment,
enjoined silence on the operator, and proceeded on his
way to meet Johnston. He was accompanied by Gen-
*eral Logan and some others. The party on reaching
Durham, twenty-six miles from Raleigh, left the car,
and taking horses furnished by Kilpatrick, marched
up the road some five miles. A soldier went ahead
with a white flag, and soon after the rebel flag ap-
peared, followed by Generals Johnston and Hampton.
The two chieftains after an exchange of compliments
retired to a small farm house near by. General Sher-
man then showed the telegram he had received to Gen-
eral Johnston. Sherman says: "I watched him closely.
The perspiration came out in large drops on his fore-
head, and he did not attempt to conceal his distress.
He denounced the act as a disgrace to the age and
hoped I did not charge it to the Confederate Govern-
ment. I told him I did not believe that he or General
Lee, or the officers of the Confederate army, could pos-
sibly be privy to acts of assassination; but I would not
say as much for Jeff. Davis, George Sanders and men
of that stripe." There was mut-h more conversation
on this subject and the effect on the country and par-
ticularly the armies, as Mr. Lincoln was very dear to

m THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

th«* sulilii'PS. TIhu folliiw «m| a iirtlimiiiaiv talk as to
ttTiiis of suntMnli*r. afhT uliiili a fiiilluT iiirrtiii;; was
Hrniiij:«Ml for ilu* iifXl <la\ at noon. I'arh t Ikmi ilcpai'tetl
for his li<'ii<l(|nari«'rs. < Mi his it'tuiii \*> liah'i«^h, <ieii-
«*ral Shriiiian aiiiiMiiiii-«Mi tht* sa»l iirus to his ariiii<'s
ill S|M(ial I'ifhl <»r<l«'r No. ."»<». \NIm*ii on ih«* isih the
orth-r wjiK resul to the sohlii-rs and they rralizeti its
iiicaiiiii*; the s»«mh' i»r«*seiite<l was <nie iievn- in !»«• f«ir-
^joiti'ii. raptain Siiauii savs: "Snrh a linn- I hojM'
never to s«*<' a;:aiM. Mm who u«m«* hahitually jtrofaiie
forpit to swear, ttsirs ran Mown from eyes ninis«M| to
w<*<*|iiny;. Kvery wh«*r«* men were stHMi to wei^p who
hiitl never llinrhed in the white heat of battle. The
cahiniity ton« h<<| ih«' innermost reeesses of the heart
(►f every sohlier. The soldiiMs declai-ed that they di«l
Hot want peart' and uonhl take no more |>rison«'rs. \\\\\
tlie jM»i;inanr\ uf *^v\t'f jiracinally subsided, and when
.]«dinston had suri't-mh-red, w«* ln-^aii to Ion;; for h<"m<'."
On April iMh <ien<Mals Sherman and -lohnsion
a^ain met and signed a "Mrmoi-amhim, *>v l^asis of
A^'iiM-meiit," providing: f«»r th«' surrcuth'r of dohnsion's
iirmy. <ten<'ial Sh«-rman insisted on snhmitlin^^ this
for ratiti<-at ion to jiis ( iovernnicnt, and the document
was sent at onr« l»y a trusty messonuri- lo W'ashin^'-
ton. Meaniimc fht- stahi i/im of iht- armirs was i«t Im-
niaintaint-d. (MMu-ial Shfi-man, as appears fr<UM his
h'lt«-rs. piddishi'd in his "Memoirs," ])a;;«* ."{ol, s«MMns
to have enlertaiiM'd no d<>uhi of ilic promjM at»|uies-
cenre of the ( Jovt-riimtiit !«• ihc icrms a^r«'«'d u|»on.
Hut he was doomed to disappoint men i. lie had unfort-
unaiely allowed some «ivil and pojitieal tpiestions to
find their way into the "a;:reeiuenl." «|m'siions w hirh
had during t he mnferenee jieen art fully raised l»\ .lojni
Bt«»n. Hrerkinridee and Kea^an, and these at oner found
<d>jeetion in the Mispieious mimis of the new I'resideiit,
Andrew .lolmson. and his aeule Seeieiary of War. Stan-
ton. The latter at oine te|e;.Maphed <Jrant as fcdiows:
"The President desires that you pim ted immediately
to the head(|uariers of .Mai«u' < leiieral Sherman and
dir«Mt o|M'ralions a^'ainst the enemy." (hi A]uil L'lth

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 315

General Sheiiiian Avas surprised by the sudden an«l
nnannounred appcarauc** of (}eneraK( rranl in lialei};h,
who informed him of what had transpired and directed
him to notify (leneral Jcdinston that the truce would
expire in forty-ei*;ht hours. In another note to John-
ston Sherman <lemanded his surrender (Ui tlie terms
given General Lee. General Grant saw and ap})rov(Ml
of what was done, and late in the day Sherman received
an answer from Johnston requesting a conference on
the 26th. This was hehl-as before near Durham, and
the final terms of surrender arranged and executed.
General Grant ai)proved of all and returned to Wash-
ington on the 27th. In the first agreement General
Sherman had, as usual "init his foot in it," though he
"meant well." A man of his character, temperament
and position, given to much talking and writing, as
he always was, will do such things occasionally. Also,
the politicians at Washington were ever ready to im-
prove an opportunity to reduce those whom they con-
sidered were becoming too popular. The correspond-
ence and discussion that ensued, and the abuse by the
newspapers of General Sherman, would fill volumes.
The chief actors on the scene are dead, but a perusal
of the history of those events reveals the meanness,
jealousies, ambitions and weaknesses of those who
attacked Sherman for his mistake. General Grant had
a nobler nature and stood by his old friend, as he always
did by any one who had gained his confidence. He
did not take command of Sherman's armies, but return-
ing to Washington found Halleck and Stanton issuing
orders to army commanders to move without regard to
any one but Grant. The announcement of the final
surrender by General Grant and his advice induced
those gentlemen to subside, and the excitement raised
by overambitious patri(>ts died away.

During the negotiations the armies in their camps
speculated on the rumors of surrender afioat and quietly
awaited the result. Discipline was not relaxed, and
drill by battalion or brigade, also x>icket duty, were
kept up as usual. On the 24th the writer, who had

SIC THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

boon •»ii <liH \ ill ni:iil»*>i«ui. r«'j<'iinil ili«'«Mit' lluinlr«'«l
aixl Fourili ;ii th«* fnnii, tliuiij;li siill siilTiMiii;: from a
rln'oiiir ilisfusr roiit i-ai-l<*<| ill llu* piisDii liflls nf the
SiMilli. (Ml the LTmIi Coloiirl I la|MMiiaii. wIk* hail Immmi
absfiil uii li*av(% i-i*iiirii«-<l ami assnim'il tMiumaml of
tlic K«';;:iiii<*iit wliirli lie liail Inl so loii^ ami siirr<*sK-
ftill\. Caitlaiii Usmaii also irporitil uii ili«- saiii«' <l-iii'.
On April L'sth .lolmsion's siiiirmloi- was ft>rmallv
aiinoiiiircil ill onliis. (o'lirrai Slicniiaii. ralliiii^all liis
army ami rorps t-ommamlrrs to^«*tli<'i' in Kal«'i;;;li,
siat«'«l to tliciii his ai'i'aii;:*'im'iits for i In* disposition of
his aniiics. (oMHTals Silioiirld, T<*nv ami Kil|iat ii«k
wt'i-f to i-iMiiain in North < "jin.lina. while ihi- ri;iht ami
Ifft win^is Wert- in iiiairh I'oi- Kitliiii«>ml. 'i'o <i<MieraI
Schotii'hl uas roiiiiiiitt«Ml tin* task of parojinnr .Juhn-
ttni's inrii. ami tin* sann* diitv »h'Vol\»Ml on <I«'n-
«Tal W'ilsiui in (oMU-^jia ami I'lorida. Tin* t«»tal nnniiMM*
Thus siifi«'ii<l«T«'<l ami jiaroh-d aiiionnt«Ml to S'.»,L*70
nifii. All tin- anus ami wai- mati'fial u«'r«' also
sniirmhTotl. TIm' waf was ov«m-. No iifrat <'niiff(|-
orato aiiiiios anvwht'ir irmaimMl »*ast of the Mississ-
ippi, ami oiijv a U-\\ fiauinciils west of ihal fiN«'f.
This was tin* fniil of .lohnsioirs siirit'mh'i'. ami it was
hafd for ns to i-ralizc at hfst. that tin* fud had coim'
and tin* \ast afinirs of tin* rnimi wtif to he diss«dM*d
and i-»*h';iatod to tho pni-siiils of p< ;n i-. Tin* <Mm* Ihin-
difd and I'lMiith had niadt* its last mairh lowai-il tin-
♦MH'iiiN I tin* Idond of its niriiilx'ts had dam|M'm'd tin*
soil, and its stained ^nd Inilh't-torn tlau had waved
amid the smoke of the last hatth- at l'>entoii\ ilje. In
leavili;^ folevel" the scenes of its toils and <lan;;ers,
niairlies and Watt h*s. extendiii}; over nearly three years,
the Hue Ihindred and I'oiiith would ever he aid«* to
n*rnll with sat isfart ion :ind pride the leroHeii ion of its
past i-arei-r ami i he hiimii;ilde fame it had won.

"Wf \l\f In <liM'(lh, not vj'urK; In thuuKlitM, not l>r»'alhB;

In r«M<linKH. not In (lKiin*H on a illal.

\V«* mIiouIiI <onnl linn* tiy lii>art-t)irol)H."

On III** LMMh of April the < Hie Ihindied aii<i 1". Mirth
«'Kri»rted I he I rain lo < 'hiihoriie Stat ion niid on i he .",»M h

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 317

rejoined the division at Morrisville, where it was mus-
tered for pay, received its mail, and starting on its
homeward march made twelve miles that afternoon.
Before leaving we learned of a little "sell" perpetrated
on General llaird the night of the 27th. Leland thus
relates it: "It seems that the order announcing John-
ston's surrender was received by General Walcutt,
commanding the First Division, before reaching Gen-
eral Baird, who was stationed at Holly Springs. Gen-
eral ^^'alcutt was so elated that he sent word to every
regimental commander to have his men make as much
noise as possible until morning. The men lired by vol-
ley and the artillery boomed. Baird hearing the
unwonted noise, started to the relief of the First Divi-
sion with two brigades placing the other brigade in
line and ordering it to throw up a line of breastworks,
as he had no doubt our division was attacked and it
might be necessary to fall back. After going three
miles a soldier from the camp of the First Division
was met who explained matters. For a time the air
was sulphurous around General Baird and he swore
that ^little Charley Walcutt had put up a game to fool
him.' Nevertheless he was pleased with the news and
marched back to bis camp."

< ii\i'ri:i: x.\.

Off for WanhlnKton— IU<i- With lh«- Twentieth Corps to Rlch-
monil— Th»* t;rand K.-vlew— Mu»ti-r out mikI R.turii Horn.-

Tli«' iiian-li uf tlu' Fonrt«M«utli mikI 'iNVfiii i<i Ii (".miis
to liirliiiKMiil was iiMi (lrv«»i(l ol iiitcicsi. as ii lav
within iIm' liiH' »»f o|MM-ali«>iis of tlir rasiciii aiiiii«'s in
pairi, Iml was iiiaiiilv «i'lfliiat<Ml fur tlir »|ni(ki!«'ss with
whirli it N\as inaMf. '\'\i*' ^i"i\ Ixraiin- < iiiirin that
<J«'n«'ials I>avis aii<l Mmwim- niadf a Imm as to which
rMi|»s woiihl i-t'aih th«' lat«* icIm-1 «ai»ilal tiisi. 'IMmm***
had alwavs Imm-ii nnirh livaliv ht'twrrii thr two and
l«»th n'snlvrd til d<> th«'if ln'st t»ii this (Mcasinii. Th*'
< Mk' llniidi'i-d and l^||||-lh, w hirli had t-;ini]M-d mi ih<-
Nriisi* Kivt'i- on the ."UMh td" April, ciosscd «-ail.v on the
nioiiiin^' of Ma.v 1st ami at noon n*a«ln'd tin* Tar l{iv«'r,
when a halt was luade f«ir dinn«*f. Wadinj: t hat sii-ram
the |{r}.din<'nt inairln*d tmtil ni^dit. whi-n it wmt into
bivoiiar one inih* hi'vond Oxford. N. < '., having ina<le
t went \ -foni- niih's. < Mi Ma\ 'Jd thr Ki'uiin«Mit stai-icd at
davli;,dit and niairhini: lapidl.v jiasst-d ihron;:h Wil-
lianishoio Ml nooii :ind ii-at-hcd \'ii'<j:inia soil at toin-
p. ni., ;:oin;i into ramp ai ni^ht m-ai- Tavloi's I'fiiv,
on ihf Koaind<f Ki\<'f. Thf day's niairh of twentv-
Kcven inih's had ln't-n niadr inoir s«*v«'f«* by the rxtfenie
Ileal and dnsiN lojids. Thr fad was inalh'd that on»'
year a;:o SlnMinan's aiiny had h'fi < iiaysv ilh-, ir.\., to
li('i:in tin- Atlanta t;ini|»ai^M. What stupcinJoMs
ehan^'cs had tak«-n plarc in that linn! \\ ho tlnMi roiijd
foretidl tin- fntni-c of lliai ariii\? W'ln-lln-r ii would
march on to \ irtoiy of ilcfciii ! Tin' most saiii^uiiH' woit-
silent, and <\<-n i'lfsidi-nt Lin<-<dn ami (n-noral (tiant
had ;:ia\«' foais as to tin- smecss of the nndciMakin;; to
rrdn«r Atlanta. I^ni limr pi-ovfd the basrlrssm'ss of
thene fears, ami aflfi- rontinnons niaithiii;; aind ti;;ht

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 319

ino- for one hniidred and Iwciity days, pi-oud Atlanta
fell ; thiMi f(dIowed the lierce piirsnit of 1 lood, the inareh
to the s<^a and iiortliwaiMl, to ti.nht the last decisive
battle and receive the sniTender of the last rebel army;
and all within a year! Now peace reij>ned, and we were
marchino- home, a fact hard, indeed, to realize, but
accepted with satisfaction by the majority, however
strange it seemed to this army of veteran soldiers.

On the 3d only fourteen miles were covered, owing
to delay in laying pontoons across the Roanoke. We
camped at night seven miles beyond Boydtou. In
passing through we saw a tine university building, now
empty and deserted. The 4th of May was cel(4)rated
by a march of thirty-seven miles and all previous rec-
ords eclipsed. The Twentieth Corps was somewhere
in the rear. We had gone through Luneuburgh Court
House in the afternoon; this was a most forlorn look-
ing place. The camp was made at Nottaway Falls.
During the night it rained, and on the 5th the roads
were not so dusty, and it was easier to march. We
arrived at Nottaway Court House at nine a. m,, where
we first saw a detachment from the Army of the Poto-
mac ; the men, who were dressed nicely and wore paper
collars, seemed astonished at the ragged appearance
of Sherman's boys and their long, swinging mar<h,
while the mule train, conducted by the "bummers," was
an object of particular interest and remark. From
Lunenburgh the march was resumed through a ham-
let called Denniiisville, and we camped after dark at
Beaver Pond, having made thirty miles. The TA\en-
tieth Corps, which had been all day on parallel roads,
was coming up closer, but we were ahead. On the
6th we crossed the famous Apponuittox Kiver at ( lood's
bridge, and marching twenty-eight miles went into
camp at night fifteen miles from Kichmoud. The coun-
try^ we passed through seemed rich, but the boys did
no foraging, paying for what they wanted, though milk
at fifty cents a ])iut and onions at five cents each seemed
a little high, but the natives evidently had the impres-
sion that they were being paid in rebel shinplasters.

ao THE o.Nh jn .Ni'Ki.l' AM> KOL'RTH

Tlu' Ttli t»f Mav was iiM-iiioiaMf. lifsmiiiiij.'^ the march
al ftMir a. in. tlifOm* liuii<inMi ami Ftuiilli ii^'aclird ilu*
.laiiu'S KivtT at Hellt* Islf. «»|iin»Kit«' KicliiiioiKl, at eijjflit,
tliiMi lialttnl until aftrr <liiin«-r. Hryond tin* historir
riv»T rosf tin* <Ioum's aiitl sjtirrs of tin* lat«* iflM-l »a|»-
itol and Urfon* us fair li«'llf Islr, a phui* of intrn*st,
iMTaust* it was nn«' «»f tin* ju-isMU lirlls wlirn* so niauv
of onr Koldiors had suffcri'd and diiMi from starvation
and iilt r»'at m«ni. Urvond lh»' riNri- was the famous
('infam«>us| Lildtv Trisiui, MJiich now «lisj:;rar«'s ( 'hi«a^o,
and is cxhihitrd for protit. in th«* afternoon of tlie
Ttli tlic (Mm* Hundred and ^^*urth moved up tlie river
three mih's and went into ramp. The Twentieth Torps
was one day's mar«h In-hind. The I'ourtecut li had
marched in six days, as vaiiously estimate*!, from one
humlied Mild eiy;lity-seveii lo om* hundred and ninety-
two mih's, or thirty-twi* miles per day. 'JMie east«'rii
armies around Kirhmoml had heard we were lomiuLr,
Imt eould hardly believe the anuouiiremeiit of arrival,
kiiowin;; the dale of our leaNiii^ Kaleii^h. Aju'opos
t<» this Major \\idm»*i-. who ruuld not resist his <dd
hahit, a<-<|uir«'d nw i In* sUirmish line, of ;j:oin;; ahead.
i*o«le into Kiehmoiid early on the luornin;:: of the Tth
with K(\. Ilerrick, i^. M., who was hxdcinjj: f«>r rations,
wet or dry, and in prospecting: around they entered a
restaurant where some Potomac soldiers were discuss-
in;; tin* rum<»i's afloat that Sherman's army luul ar-
ri\'«*d. The dis|»ule ran lii^h and our forav:,.|s listened,
much amused, until tinally iIm' .Major threw in a slmt
l»y sayin;:, "Well, ;:<'iit lemcn, wo are here and repre-
sent a pari of Sherman's army, which is camped over
the river." Those fellows coidd have he. u knocked
down with a feather, and when they had recovered
from the shock were ready to stand lre;it or he treated.
Wln-n we had rested a day on the hanks of the .lames
all were ;;lad thai the lirst sta«ie of the iKuneward
march was tinished, lhou;r|| whih- «»n the way many
"could not understand why in h II we had to march
so fast now the war was over." The One Hundred
and I'ourth remainetl in camp until May llth, and

REGIMENT II.LIXOIS VOLUNTEERS. 321

those who could obtaiu passes iiiipi-oved the oppor-
tunity to look over Richmond, and some who had been
prisoners revisited the bastiles of Libby, Castle Thun-
der, etc. The writer was too sick to go and had little
inclination to look upon those scenes of former sulTer-
ing, but was pleased to hear that "Dick Turner" and
"Little Ross," two of Jeff. Davis' minions in Libby,
were then enjoying themselves there, this time as pris-
oners with Uncle Sam as keeper.

On the 11th of May the army again moved on
toward the National capital. The One Hundred and
Fourth left camp at seven and the head of column
reached the pontoon bridge across the James at nine
o'clock a. m., soon after passing over and then marcli-
ing through the streets of Richmond with banners fly-
ing and bands playing the National airs. The people,
among them many ex-confederate soldiers, filled the
doors and windows and lined the streets anxious to
see an army, the achievements of which had amazed
the world. The impression produced by our soldiers,
who conducted themselves, however rough they looked,
as soldiers and gentlemen should, was evidently favor-
able. Seven miles from Richmond we crossed the
famous Chickahominy at Bottom's bridge, and marched
over ground occupied by McClellan's army May 20, 1862,
which army was officially reported May .*)1, 18()2,
to contain 141,173 men, with 109,522 present for duty,
yet Richmond was not captured. At night the One
Hundred and Fourth halted after dark in a ploughed
field, and before the tents could be ]>itclie(l a hard
shower, with terrific thunder and lightning, came uj),
wetting everybody to the skin. The attempt to pitch
tents was useless, and rolling up in our wet blankets
we passed a comfortless night. On May 12th, after
marching half a mile, a halt was made until noon.
Later the Regiment marched through Hanover Court
House,' where Patrick Henry delivered his famous ora-
tion that has made his name immortal. Reaching the
Pamunkey River in the evening we were delayed by
high water and all night crossing. On the 13th marched

3^;: THE ONE HLNDHED AND FOURTH

tifleiMi iiiilfs tliitnigh tlir .swamps \vIk*iv .M«< Icllan's
ariiiv ll«>uii«lnv«l, and laiiipetl on l*ok* Cal Crei-k. Made
iwt'iitv inilrs oil iUv 14tli, ovi-r hisi(»iir grouiul ami
haltril at Noriln-ast < 'i-tM-k. At noon on tin* ir)ili the
Kf^'iimMii liali«Ml for diiim-r tifi«M'ii milrs from tin* Kap-
itiaii ami tin* saim* tlisiamt- from iIm* hatl Irlirltl «»f tlio
\N iMfiin'ss. In tin* aft»*rnoon \v«* mafrlnMl towanl Cnl-
pfpptT i 'onrt I lousr, on a road alon;; t lu* «Ml«;e of hallle-
lirlds forr\»'i- mcmoialdf. Soim* «»f onr olti(«»rs fxani-
in«'d iIm'S*', Imt found nonr tin* like of \\lii«li Slu-i-man's
arm\ had not stoinhMl and taken. At ni;;lit tin* U«*;;i-
intMit went into Idvouac at \'«*i'<li«M'svilIp, havin;;
mai-riicd ri^litiM'ii miles. lOarlv on the Ulth, at seven
a. m., w«'iearhed the Uapidan at Kaceoon I'oid. How
• •ft en dnrin^' t hn wai- we liad heard an<l read. "All <|niet
on the Ka|)idan." We wde near the hatilefield of
<"<Mlar Monntain. A it'm|Mti;ir\ fnnthrid^e was Iniili
at the ford, hill it soun hroke down and then the sol-
diers wadt'd the slieani and niai-thin;i on hailed f<»r
dinner mar Powell's Mountain, in ilie afternoon we
passed the old winter (|iiarters of the Armv of the
I'otomae. The day's march was t w cnty-t hr< e miles.
The ITtli of May was ver_\ hot ami after rit^ssin;: tie*
Kappahannork at Kelly's i'ord and mairhin^ until
three, a short hall was made mi a«ronnl (»f tin* lu*at.
We then moved on and learhed t'edar Klin, near t'at
leti's Station, where we hivoiiaekeil tor ihe iH;.;ht.
livery fool of the ^iioiiml was historie, havin;; been
fon;;|il oM-r hy hot h armies. ( Mi t he JSi h, leaving: ramjt
at ti\e a. m.. Wf soon crossed Kread liiin and heard,
thirty miles distani, ihe ihiimler of ailillery, which
announced the apjiroach to Wasliin^;toii of Sherman's
army. The Ion;;, sullen boom of the mins sounded
pleasant to oni* ears and quickened the lift* Idood of
every soldier. Manassas Junction was jiassed at ten
a. m., and marchiii;: across the plain of .Manassas, we
came to the faimtiis Tlnll Knii. waded that stream and
ale dinner on the hallleljeld. Un the m.iii h we saw
the remimlers of former hhtodv contests in forts and
earthworks. Iml the (Quaker i;iins that fooled Met 'lei-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 323

laii had beeii removed. Centreville was reached at four
p. 111., aud we went into camp just in time to avoid m
severe rain. Tiie day's march was twenty miles. Tiie
next day, the 19th, ended forever the long marches of
the One Hundred and Fourth. Starting at sunrise we
passed Fairfax Court Mouse at ten a. m., and in the
afternoon cami)ed on Arlington lleiglits, above Alex-
andria, and in full view of the National capitol, which
this Regiment and army had fought so long to save.
We were on the princely domain of the Lees. All
around us and beyond the broad I'otomac lay spread
out to view, the grandest panorama tliat ever greeted
the eyes of man. This was the month of May, and
nature had decked the hills and valleys, and plains
witli her h)veliest adornments. Kul this was not all
that met our eager eyes. Here was the capitol of the
Nation, the type, center and representative of the
National life. (Irouped around the ('a])itol City, on
every hillside and plain, covering thousands of acres,
and extending even beyond our vision, rose the snowy
white tents of half a million of veteran soldiers of
the Union, w^ho had fought for long years to preserve
for themselves and their children, and their succes-
sors, all this fair heritage. No soldier could look
unmoved on these scenes or fail to have implanted in
his heart a deeper love for his country and flag. A
lesson in patriotism was then and there given, far more
imi)ressive and lasting than could be learned in books
for a thousand years. What matter for proud con-
gratulation that the battle-scarred remnant of the
One Hundred and Fourth could say, "We were there,''
and he]i)ed to achieve those deeds that made these
things ])ossible and had their glorious and propc^r end-
ing in the final marshaling of the saviors of the
Nation at Washington.

THE GRAND REVIEW.

The One Hundred and Fourth passed the 21st, 22d

and 23d of May quietly in camp on Arlington Heights,

engaged in brushing up soiled and well-worn uniforms

and in polishing their arms and equipments, prepara-

824 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

un-y lu ihr lui-eam of il..- uionuw. Tlu- ;in.iu-s of
the Polcuiuu- pasHCHl in ivvi.-w on iho l!:M, l.ui tlios.-
annifs ha.! always b.n-n so nrar tin- capiiol an, s<.
..firn s,M.n that nn.iv ycMu-nil intoivst was fell in Mn-r-
luM.rs aiinv. all Loin- anxions to see the veteran
le-ions wIm'.so i„oNvnn-nts w.-re ever nivsternnis as 1 Im-n
eounnere.! boil, n.an an,l nalnre in the Atlanta rani-
l.ai'Mi iln-n were lost to view in the lea], to the sea au.l
a.uCl ihe swamps of (Ji-or-ia an.l ih.- rarohnas, to
appear a|j:ain later, luit ever virtorious. Tln-re was a
.lesire t.. sei' what kin.l <.f nn-n tln-se Wi-re who ha. I
,„;„1.. ,„arrh.-s e.pial to thos,- ..f Can.hvres an.l Alex-
.,„,l..r, an arn.v that with .lannti.'ss -rip Inul se./e.l
h„hl of tin- iniH-nnost re.-.'sses ..f the -r.-at rebelhon s
heart ami laid hare its failin- pulsatnms. '1 !'<• LUh of
Mav was nshere.l in l.ri-ht but hot. Kvery sol.her felt
that ho ha.l one more .Inty ..f a pnhlii- iialun- t<» por-
furm The One llun.lro.l an<l Fourth was early astir
ami soon after sunrise form.-,! ranks ami took up the
lineof marrh. Crossin- iln- Ion- l,ri.l-e ovr t he Polo-
,nar the Ko-iment rea.h.-.l i ho virinily of tlu' capif.!
ahout ..no o'.l.M-k ami -..in- an.uml ihive sides of that
imiM.sin- strneture, im.ve.l up P.-unsylvania aveiim*
t..war.l th.- Whil.' IL.uso. (Mir Division f..rin.'.l the
rear ..f tin- wl.oh- mniy, nn.l lo,.kin- .lowu ih.- av.-nu.'
we eoul.l s.'.' th.' .l.-ns."- mass.'s ..f s..l.li.My inovin- f<.r-
vvar.l with stea.ly ami m.-asur.'.! sl.'i>s. Half a inilli..n
peoj.le looke.l ..u ill a.linirat i.'U at tin' .la/./lini: sp.'.--
ta.lo, ..m' har.llv .Mpuih-.l sav.- l.y tlu' imp.'nal i>a-
-oanls ..f amieiit K..m.-. when she hrou-ht entiiv .ap-
Uve nath.ns l<. a.h.rn her triumphal i.n..essi..ns: l.ul
Koine f..u-ht f..r .-..mpiest ami -h.ry. this army f..u<jhi
for the mainteiiaiire of a nation ami tli.' .I.st ructi..n
of a wi.k.-.l n-l..'lli..n a-ainst -overnni.iii. law ami
..nler. I'ifiy th<.usaml hay. .nets llasli.'.l in tli.- sun-
li;:ht as the masses swept ..nwanl. ]»re.'e«le.l l.y the ...n-
• im-i-in^r -enerals with their stalTs; tin- h....m ..f artil-
lery ami the exultant strains of martial music hurst
»i|M.n the ear :in.l impart. •.! a.hlit h.nal inten-st to th<«
^r.ii.-. Wealth ami rank, h.-auty ami faslii..n ha.l -ath-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 325

ered there to shower flowers and plaudits of welcome
on Sherman's army. In one particular the people were
disappointed. The idea had prevailed that Sherman's
was an army of "bummers," that during its mighty
campaigns, far removed from its base of supplies and
cut off f(>r mouths from communications with the
world, discipline had been relaxed and it had become
indiflerent to military restraint and laws, but when
the first coliunn wheeled into line straight as a tight-
ened cord, followed by others, and in each serried rank
but one footfall heard; and as the eyes of the people
took in the compact formation, seeing no stragglers
and nothing wrong, but all soldierlike in dress and
bearing, there was a sudden revelation, and cheer upon
cheer greeted the veterans. "Distinct as the billows,
yet one, as the sea," the army moved forward to the
Presidential Mansion. There President Johns<jn, sur-
rounded by all the great statesmen and generals of the
Nation, reviewed the passing thousands. The "Bum-
mer Brigade" formed a novel feature of the great dis-
play. This was led by a sable warrior on a small don-
key, followed by a motley collection of mules, big and
small. An occasional horse was seen, evidently kept
for osteological study. That the men had a clear
appreciation of the necessity for a good commissary
department in an army was shown by the well-loaded
mules. On one of these was a goat, on others roosters
and small dogs, with a coon or two. There were also
pots, pans, kettles, and other articles. This Brigade
was indifferent to military rules, but kept an eye
open to the main chance and marched along,
the roosters looking proudly down on the cheer-
ing crowds. It was a great day for Sherman's bum-
mers. The sun was low in the west when the last of
Sherman's army passed the White House. The One
Hundred and Fourth, with the Brigade, marched out of
review and back to camp, arriving late and well worn
out. Thus ended one of the grandest pageants in all
military history, and every member of the One Hun-
dred and Fourth who was there will never foraet this

K*

...SK HrNI>l(Kl« AM' KOL'RTH

fifiin- rliiiiax t.. his aiinv s.ivi. -• and the Nati..iial

uiiniiph. , .»- 1

Thf K«-;;iiiu'iit rfiiiaiiuMi in camp <»n ilii- -.»tli, n-M-
inj; an.l ninsin;: »»n th.- j^n-a! rvc-nis of the past few
ilaNs. (Ml th.' l-Mlih tlu' i-anip was remov«Ml across the
riviT t.. a iM-anhful -rove. iw.. niih-s from Washin^'-
lon. Whih- ihcn- all ha<l an oppoiiunitv to visit the
public bnihiintjs an.l places of interest and they thor-
<.n;;hlv enjoved it. Meant iim' mtister-«»ut n»lls were pre-
panMl". an.l im .luner.tl'. !>«;:., i he men of theCMie lliin-
ilr«Ml antl Tourth then an.l th.-r.- pr.-sent, w.-r.- nins-
tereilont ..f the servi.-e an.l armies ..f tin- I'nit.-.l Stat.-s,
an.l l»ecanieaj:ain private citizens .»f the j^reat repnhlh,
havin;:, sin.-.- nnist.'r-in, An<rnst liTth. ISC.L*, serv.-.l th.-ir
.-.Mint r\ tw..v.'ars, nin.Miionths an.l nine .lays. A mini-
Iter. »f men wh.» w.-re si.kinhospitalor .>n .l.-ta.-h.-.l .liiiy
at vari.Mjs p.»ints, also some t ransf.-i r.-.l. w.-r.- must.-r.-.l
Milt a littl.-.-arli.-r.»r lat.-r. ( Hi .hiiir Ttii, isil."., th.- One
llnn.lr.Ml ami r..nrtli .■mhark.-.l .iii the .ais for li.»me.
n-a.he.l Haliim.'i-.' at m»oii an.l to.»k .linii.*r at the
'*S«.l.li««rs' Kest." Th.' writer was invit.-.l l.y a pri-
val.- «iti/..Mi whom h.- .li»l not know to .Iim- with him-
s.-lf an.l family, whi.li Ik- «ii.i. I'ittshiir;; was
n-a.li.-.l ill th.' iifl.-riioon of th.- tMli, an.l th.' K.';:i-
m.Mil nnM hy a .l<'l<--:alion of riti/eiis ami a haml of
miisi.-; nml.-r ili.'ir i-s.-ori wr niar. iicij lo ih.- "Sohli.M-s'
K.-sl," when* a spl.-mlid .linn.-r was sci\<-.l. The .oiii-
mitt.M' then .•sc.uM.mI us to th.' .l.-poi ami u»- h'ft Pitts-
l.iir;: full ..f <:ratitml.- aii th.- warm r.-.-.-ption arn.r.l.'.l
MS. ""(Ml .hin.- HMh the ii.'^iim.Mit arriv.-.l in Chi.a-io
ill th.' .-v.-iiiii^', hut lin.linj,^ no om- in ni.-.-t us. mar.h.Ml
I.I ih.'-SoMi.-rs' K.-st." wli.'re, afl.-r wait in;: f.Mir .u- liv.-
lumrs. siipp.-r was s.-rv.-.l. Thai iii;:lit m.»st of t lu' hoys
slept .111 fh.' II.MU- in .Moiiit.»r Hall: s.uii.- w.-nl to li.tl.-ls.
On .Inn.' llth the i:.'^inii-ii( mar. Ii.-.l out io<'ami>
I'rv, .III 111.' muMli shh* of ilu- < ii\. an.l r.niaim'.l ih.-r.
until .lum- 17th. wh.'ii w.' w.-r.- pai.l otT. l»ut
.inly l.» .hill.' »itli, n-r.-iv.'.l our f.irmal .lis.har^i.'s,
iiiaile .Mit in .liie form, ami tli.-n w.r.' fr.M' .nic'
iii.ir.'. Th.' On.' llun<lr.'.l aii.l I'ouiili K.'-.Miu.'iit

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.

327

Of Illinois Voluiileer IiUamn-, as a n.ilitaiv „i-
.iiMiiizatioii, was forever dissolved. The nu'iiibers dis-
persed to their various iKuiies bv the earliest trains
anxious to see the dear (.nes from wIk.iu thev had been'
separated so loi.o, J},„ ,„inoh.d with the jo^ was some-
what of a stran.oeness of feeling- at the sudden tran-
sitDu from soldiers to private citizens, with freedom
from the restraint which military authority and dis-
cipline imposes, and to which all had bec.mie accus-
tomed.

Hut one more task in writing the general history
of the Ilegiment remains for its historian to perforn'i
which is to sav, that, after having thouojit, i»lauued ami
labored for over a year uim»u this Nyork he lias attained
the end of this i>art of the history with £rreat satisfac-
tion yet not unmingled with regret, that so much that
would be of interest must be left unrecorded on account
of the apse of time since the events occurred, the inac-
cessibility of records and other causes

(•iiArTi:i: x\i.

H.inli.ls. .iK-.-H ..f nur First Thn- .M..,.i..n .<..rvUe. ImluJ.
Inif HartKvlUe, by Captain Wllllain Strawn, Company F —
H.inlnlHo.ntt'H ..f t»w Allania Campalifn. etc., by Henry Wln-
i,rm»i.-ldt. Company H -A Movable Fort, by SerK.ant William
H. Conard. Company K— Yankees Without Horns, by Charles
Hlce. Company I— Narrative of Peter Dinger. Company G—
Narrative ..f C.llbert U. Conarroe. Company B— HeioHectlons
of Lieutenant Kamlolph and Others, etc.. by Ho»>ert West. Com-
pany H— An Incident ..f Lieutenant Arnold of Company A—
ItemlnlHcences i.f Kenesaw Mountain and the Siege of Atlanta,
by Captain William Strawn. Company F— Personal Recol-
hMtlons of the Army Hunimer. by Jacob Bane. Company I.

REMINISCKNCES OF Ol'R FIRST THREE MONTHS' SERVICE.
INCMDlNd HARTSVII.l.K. HY CAPTAIN WIM.IA.M
STRAWN. COMPANY F.

TIm' ( IIuimIiimI aii.l I'.Miilli. nii ;uri\iii.u ;M .Iff-

frrsuiivilN', l!iili;iii;i. Si'IiI.-iiiImt 7. \S{\'2, was ini n»(lii.-.vl
to 111*' iii_vsicri<*s of r:mii» lilr iiinl lliat aiMicIf «»f <li»M
know II as "s.»\\ Im-IIv." lien-, lo... \v«' w.-rr fiirnislMMl
wii li 1 lie ( Juvcniiiifiii iiiiittniii ami arms. IW-iii^ ^r«'«'n,
all sii|(i»liril llh'iiisclv.-s wiih ili.- lull <»iiilii olTrrtMl,
iiMuli of it, liowrviT. sii|mmI1iioiis. with lln' tlM'nnoiii-
i'\*-v staiitliii^ al «M;:liiv in iIm- sliadf. coiisiMiufmlv a
^'(»o(| tl«'al was llii-owii awa.v, wlicii soon aft«'r w«'
inarrlir«l a few niiirs iimU-r a hioilin^ sun, ami luMaiiM'
till* |>i«-\ of icanisiris ami tlcintMlalois ;:«'m'rall,\ . W lini
ill «ani|» iioiili of tin- nlijo a laiifilialilt- rirciinistamr
orciiritMl one nielli wliili- all nmmc asl<M'|i. A iiifinlwr
of ('oni|ianv I', <lr»'aniin^ llial lln- irlnis wiMt- coniiii;:,
starlrtl lip smiilcniy, sllontin^^ "U<»vsl hovs!" ami fall-
in;; licadlon;: t»v«M- Ills romiatlcs, awoki-. But a i>any
wrnt oil! to srairli I In* adjacriit woo. Is. limliii'.:. how ■
i'\*'V, no rin'inv. W ln'ii in a f«'W tiavs we irailMMl tin*
Ohio it was ronsiih-icd that wo w oi-o in tin* t'lUMnv's
roiinifv. ami as we niairlictl ihioniih i.oiiisvilh'. no

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 329

cue could for^iet with what vim the boys sang patriotic
songs, ''.Tolm Brown," etc. After spending a few ihiys
at ''<'ani]» (rr:isslio]»]MM"" and sonic Time in llic snhnrbs
of Louisville, the Kegiment started for Frankfort. That
march was very fatiguing and when we halted the first
night about twelve. Company F had but few men left,
the rest having given out owing to the unaccustomed
exercise. The boys came straggling in all night. When
we reached Shelbyville a halt of a few days was made
and some of the boys foraged for all there was in it,
against orders and all reason. Shelbyville was the
home of a loyal colonel then in the held with a regi-
ment of loyal Kentuckians, and his ])lantation was
raided the same as others, but the facts in regard to
the colonel were not known at the time. I was sent
back from Shelbyville to bring u]> goods left at Louis-
ville, and also the convalescents of the K(\giment, ami
again joined the command at Frankfort. I then learned
of the exciting times while at Shelbyville over the
contraband (juestion, in which the Regiment came out
ahead. At Frankfort I was detailed with a command
made u]) of men from the several regiments of our
Brigade. Colonel Moore was made commander of the
Brigade, vice Colonel Limberg, arrested. My command
took charge of the public property at Frankfort, and
Company F camped down in the legislative halls of
the State capitol. From Frankfort the Regiment found
itself, after a long and tiresome march of one hundred
and sixty miles, in Bowling Green, Kentucky. When
we arrived I dropped down in my tracks from sheer
exhaustion and lay there until my fast friend, John
McDougall, of Companj' F, prepared a cup of tea, which
made me almost as good as new. We remained at
Bowling Green a few days and were then ordered to
Glasgow, Tompkinsville, and llartsville. In the mean-
time Colonel Scott, of the Nineteenth Illinois, had been
placed in command of the Brigade by request of Col-
onel Moore to General Rosecrans, A short time after
Colonel Scott took commjind he sent for me to call upon
him at headquarter.s, when he infoi;med me that Colonel

S30 THE ONE HUNDKKD AND FOl'RTH

Mo<»rf had i-»Toiiiun-n<U-il iii\ .iii|H»iuiiin-m as Hri^atU'
(V)iiiinissarv. 1 «liii ma iflisli iIk* iilt-a t>f bfiiij; dLMarlird
fi*i»iii I In* ••••iu|iaiiv and r<M|iu*sh'd tlu* iuivilr;ii' of coii-
suliin;: souiv of mv bioiln-i- «»nicrrs. Tln-y said, "Taki*
it by all iiu'UHh." At rordin};;ly I n*iMHti*d i«> Coloiud
Scott, ii|M»u whirh In- |ir(M«'«-d«'d to «;ivi* iik* a U*ii\i list
of iiist rurtions as !«• ln>u raiilc slumld bt* «lriv«'ii, ft*d
and nianaj^rd f,Mii»-rall.v. I lisi»-iii*d with ;:iaviiy and
iuntui-nri*. as tliMn;;li tin* dmifs rxiMMh'tl of nir \v<*n*
fUtindy iu*>v, and promised lo d<> tin- insi I «uuld. nn
r«*|MH-tin;: to t'ulont'l Moor*' In* was rdiiviilstMl with
lan;;lih'i- at tin* romicality of t In* t liin;:, and in din- i iuir
infornit'd Colonrl S«(»tt who 1 wiis ami all of my anr^s-
tors brfiifr nn*. Th** ('o|«»n«'l brin;; yonnp;, ft*ll that In*
had "|»nt his ftmi In it" and s«*nt for inc at ontt*, wlnn
Ih* jiinciM'dcd to apidn^i/i' as f<dh)ws: *'II«'i»' 1 am, a
yonn^' man jnsi past i w «'iny-tiv«', but have bcrn in tin*
army Ion;; «*m>ny;h to Un»»u that scddiris snITcr m<»r«*
fi-om tin* inrHiririny iind rascality nf tpiarit'iniastfrs
and «ommissari«*s than fi-om batlh* ami nil <n hir <ans»'S.
I am an ntt«*r stran^irr lo your Hrii^adc, and ("ulonri
Moorr boin;; in commaml, I, of «oursc, citiisulird him,
but tho\i;jht In* mi;;ht have reconniK-mltd \..ii as a par-
tiriilar fri«*nd without rrfcrrnci* i»i qualiliraiions; I
am bni too ;;lad to kn<»\v that such was not the case,
and you will kimlly ovcrlotd; my aticmptcd insiiuc-
lions ami atiiibutc luy cduisc \n ilic proper iinni\«-s."*
( >f cuui-sf I IkhI IK* laiill to liiitj an I iiiniii'dial cly
assnnn*«l couticd of commissary matt<i>. llui llaris-
vilh' brou;ilH my career as A. A. ( '. lo an uniinu'ly
end. dohn .Mor;;an clos<'<| out the busim-ss. At tin*
lime of the battle I w:fs abseul al (lallalin with one
humlred and se\fiiiy of ihc un-ii of (ho lve;:imeni,
includin;; teamsters ami ^uar<ls of the commissary
ami ammuniiioii (rains. The <lay of the bailie small
K«piads of ca\alry ihai had been attached io the Hri-
^ade be;;an to arrive al (lallalin with ac«ouuls of ihe
battle and disasiei*, and in ;.M-andilo<pn*nt style told
how the nn*n of the ( Mn* Mumlred and I'ourih IkhI

covered I lieliisel \ i-s willi L'lorx. bul the d d I)ulcll of

REGIMENT ILI^INOIS VOLUNTEERS. 331

the One Hundred and Sixth iind One Iluiidicd and
Eighth had tlirown away their gnns and ran, but the
rebels had captured them and they hoped woukl keep
them. For several days we suffered much anxiety
with regard to the fate of the Regiment and oiir dear
comrades who had been killed and wounded. Those
of us in Gallatin were put on provost duty. While
there a committee from Ottawa, consisting of Dr. Hard,
Rev. Zenas Coleman and J. W. Calkins arrived to look
after the wounded and distribute comforts to them.
Having been ordered by General Paine, commander of
the post, to proceed to Hartsville, under a flag of truce,
to re-bury the dead and care for the wounded, the
committee and myself went on our mission. A few
miles from Hartsville we met the rebel officer in charge
of the vedettes guarding the roads leading into the
town. On learning our errand he very courteously
escorted us through town, on the way talking freely
of the events of the battle and making substantially
the same statements in regard to the One Hundred
and Fourth and the German regiments that we had
heard from the cavalry. He asserted that while the
guns and cartridge boxes of the Illinois men were
nearly empty, those of the Ohio regiments had not
been used at all. Among the dead taken up and re-
buried in the old cemeter}^, especiallv sad for me, were
the bodies of John McDougall and James Spencer, Jr.,
of Company F. The former, who was the father of
Duncan McDougall, of Ottawa, was a verv intelligent
Scotchman, my near neighbor, who had left an inter-
esting family but a few months before at the call of
duty, to serve his loved adopted country. He had
received the fatal wound in his breast and tried to
stop the flow of blood with a handkerchief, but it was
of no avail, and he calmly and consciouslv awaited
the end of earth. James Spencer, Jr., was in' the vigor
of youth. The committee returned to Gallatin, but I
remained a few days to Avait on Lieutenant Milton
Strawn, of Company E, who was suffering from an
amputated leg and could not recover. While in Harts-

TMK «iNE lUNIiUKD AND ForUTH

vilir tin* loimw iiij^ iiiinlciil «Mrilil<-il w lii» h i liilNt*
oftfu tluMi-^hl itf siiuc Ourin;; llu* hileiil waiilics of
llif iiif^ht 1 hcanl tin* claiilviiiy; t»f swords ami iiois**
of rt'bel tavalrv apjiroacliiii;; tlu* house where 1 slopped.
A knock and in eanie one of Morj^au'8 eolouels whose
farm I had raided wImmi Counnissary a short lime
befon*. After in«|niriiij; who 1 was ami why 1 was
there, he handed me a pande ready for siy;naiure and
se«*nie<I surprised that I d<'i-lined to siy;n it, t»n the
ph*a that I was und«*r a lia;; »)f truce. He advance«l
all of the ai-^iiiiH-nis that he cuuld think of, hut linally
departed, saNiiij^ that he had iieNer violated a lla;; of
truce and never would. Li«Mitenant Strawn dyinj; soon
after 1 conveve<l his ImmIv in an ambulance to (Jallatin.
Mor;:ain was then <»n his way north on his last raid. A
few days later the body of the rebel ((douel who had
treate«l me .so courteously at llartsville, jtassed
throu^rh (lallatin on its way to burial in tiic llarts-
ville teiuetery. I had a feelin^^ of soiiow as for a
friend. IIi>w true it is that death levels all distinc-
tions, silemes all animosities. Uur life at < Jallatin
was very monot<»nous and we lonp'd to Im- with the
Ke;,'iment. Our wishes were ^n-atitied and we soon
joined it at <'amj» honiiias, when all hail an oppiu-
tuniiy to see iheii' (|.-;ir JKuiies auaiii befol-e we h'ft
for the front.
hkminis('i:nci:s of ihh atla.nta CAMrAir.N, etc. by

HKNKV WI.NTKRSCIIKIDT. COMPANY H.

Oil .lime JSth, IStJl, when uur artillery was pe|(per-
in;; away at Kent'saw, the < Mie Ihimlicti and Fourth
lay in front of our batteries under tuders to be ready
at any moment to ^o inlti action. Ihirin^^ the liiinu
a cannon explod<'<l a shell just as it issued from the
mu/./Je of the ^un, and a juece about four inches lon^
struck nu* a^rainst my knapsack, ;roin;; thrtMiuh the
doubled-up blanket and comin;: «»ut at my left side,
<uttinj: the cart rid^o-box belt as it emei-Med. Tin* force
of it knocked me into the ditch and the boys thou;rht

I was badly hurt, but lM*yond a ;: I scare I was all

ri;:ht. .^onie nf the boys had taken ilnir Unapsacivs

I ^ REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 333

off aiid were j^ittiiig on them. My obedieiiee to orders
in this case saved my life. At the same place Cap-
tain Brown, of Company C, was standing on the breast-
works swinging his hat at the "Johnnies" who were on
Kenesaw about a mile olf. They lired at him and one
minie ball struck him in the hollow of his elbow.
He instantly clapped his other hand around and caught
it, and suffered no further harm than a black bruise,
but he made no more demonstrations of that kind.

A few days befcu-e that while at Pea Vine Creek
the Regiment remained in line of battle seven days
and nights in succession, carrying on heavy skirmish-
ing all the time, but this hardly kept us awake. On
the seventh day nothing but the roaring of the artil-
lery made us open our eyes, and Avhen at last we were
relieved in the evening it seemed tlie most welcome
thing that ever occurred.

One day near Kenesaw our Regiment and the reb-
els were so near together that we could talk to them.
Both sides Avere behind breastworks. One of our men
called out, "Hello, Johnny, how far is it to Atlanta?"
Johnny replied: "It is so d — d far you will never get
there." Yank replied: "Yes, we will get there and
' have a big dance with your sister." The reply to this
came in the shape of a hundred minie balls.

At Peach Tree Creek, near Atlanta, Hood's w^hole
army made a grand charge on us about four p. m. of
July 20th. The One Hundred and Fourth was without
any near support. The underbrush was so thick one
could not see two rods ahead. The rebels swung around
and compelled us to retreat a short distance. At this
point an orderly came from General Carlin and called
out, "The (reneral commands that not another step
backw^ard be taken from here." We held the posi-
tion, and here I was shot through the left thigh.
In limping back I ran up against Major Widmer and
said, "I'm Avounded, Major." He replied, "Well, then
go to the rear." Before the sun went down the rebels
were whipped, but our loss was heavy.

About two Aveeks after this I w\is sent with a train

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

r^ — --- 4 ^

"lU'iirv, vnii will have to lnnrr up or von will tlif."
<ioo(l i-onstil:iii«iii for mr. Aficr Immh*^ in liospitnl U>v
two nioiit lis t he wtiiM liv iliutur sfiit mm- IcnU i<» Ai lain;i.
laiiM' and St ill soir. Tlir Kt'^iiiinMH i lini follow nl IIoimI
n«trlli for twn w«M*ks ami aj^Jiiii n*tmin*<l to Atlanta ti*
takf up tlu* march to the si'a. While near Savannah
w«' HMMMNcd onU'i's our niy:ht to chai-^ir and sni|ijis(*
tin* ndn'ls, who wrir acioss some lloodrd ri<«* planta-

At Sister's Ferry, South Carolina, the ( )ne Hun-
dred and I'ourth was sent across the )i\<r to cut dowu
t r«H's for a corduroy road. Tlie w ater stood on i he hoi-
toni lands waist deej) and in i his we had to stand. Half
an hour was as lonj;; as anyone cotild stand it, lIuMi
wi' went to a small dry place where there was a tire to
dry ofT and warm up a little. (Mi one occasion the
hoys ctit a tree, which fell w heic the tire was. < ien-
eral Slociini was also standiuy; there. All jumi»ed into
the watei- and ljoI away safely «'xcepi one j»oor fellow,
who was ciushed l>y the tree.

A MOVAIU.K I'OIt'I" HV SKUr.KANT WILI.IA.M 11. ("ONAUD.
COMPANY E.
On the ;{(lih day of .May, IStH, while near Halias,
(M'or;:ia, our Company dO) was on the skirmish line.
.\fiei- leavinj,^ our line (»f works and ^ioiu;; stuue thirty
rods we came to an open field that slo|»ed olT ^'ently
from t he ed;ie of t he w oods W here We w el-e in t he direc-
tion of the enemy, who lay in the woods on the oppo-
site side. We cfuild a«lvanc«' a little ways without
much dan;:er, hut the rebels soon Ii;id a fair si;:lit of
us. In flout of the com|>a!iy lav at a ^^liort distame a
lo<i about twenty inches in diameter. The lo;; lay etid-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 335

ways to us. I saw at once that if 1 could gain it 1
would have an advanced and safe iwsition against
niinie balls, so I ran and reached it safely. I found it
was about ten feet long and could be moved. 1 then
beckoned Joe Wilson, who was nearest, to come, which
he did, and we moved the log around broadside to
the foe. Win. M. Wilson, John Nattinger and John
W. Hart next closed in on the log. We then advanced
slowly rolling the log before us, keeping close behind
it anil tiring by volley whenever we saw any rebels.
They were concealed in the edge of the woods, and it
was hard to get sight of them. Charley Kuger, who
was one of the bravest of the brave and was in the line
on the left, got sight of a rebel, jumped u]> and blazed
away. He drew their lire and I thought would be killed
before he could lie down. This enabled us to know
just where the rebels were and we steered our fort
toward them, continuing to tire by volley at every
chance, until Captain Doty thought it time to charge.
When the rest of the line arrived we joined it and
drove the rebels from the woods. In this charge James
C. 8choonover was mortally wounded. Samuel A. Fisk
ventured into the woods too far and came near being-
taken prisoner, having passed beyond some Johnnies,
but his legs saved him,

YANKEES WITHOUT HORNS. AN INCIDENT. BY CHARLES
RICE, COMPANY I.

While we were on the march through South Car-
olina, after we had gone into camp for the night, I went
over to a house not far away and found that the only
occupants were an old lady, a younger one and a small
boy six or seven years old, who was the son of the lat-
ter. The old lady said: "I never seen so many people
in all my born days and no horns either; where did you
all come from?" Having satisfied liA' on this point,
the younger woman remarked, "We had always been
told that if ever the Yankees got into South Carolina
every boy's throat would be cut and everything de-
stroyed, so when we saw your soldiers passing this
morning, I was very much scared. One of them came

SM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

iu, ralliMl iiiv bov it> hiiu, tt»ok hiiu u|» •»!» his kiu*e
ziud put his liainl iu his pockcl. Scn-iuj; this uiy h«*art
WfUl u|» iuio uiv ihioal, as 1 was sure he was getliug
out his kuif«% but iusii'a«i hr took ttui sninc silviT
chauj;r au<l ii:i\*' my b«»v, and aft<-r that all uiy U-dva
were j;ou«'. '

NAHKATIVK OF I'KTIIK 1»1Nc;i:K, CUMl'ANY (J. A NAlUtUW

ESCAPE.

Aftrr Sheruiau's aruiy h-fl Atlanta «»n the uiarth
111 the st-a, 1 was (h'tailcd as a fuiii;j;fr ami (MintinutMl
as surh until wr airivrtl at Savannah. < Mi ihe taui-
|»ai;:n tlirMnj;^h tin* Caiolinas 1 was ai^ain a l'<na;:;(*r
and ftMiinl the ui» iipatiun nnnh nnu-e (hui^fioiis ilian
heretofore. When oiir tlnail under (.'ajiiain W illiam
Sirawu, of Coinjtany 1\ airiscd at llif (inai IN'dre
Kivrr. w»* waited fur iln- I'ttui-iccni li ('iti|is ami ihe
|Mint<>iins to (-(Miie \ip. Thry arrived al>«tut dark and
\\«* rowrd oursrlvfs arr(»ss in «U(k*r to <;»*l ahead of the
eavalry. Captain Slrawn ha«l orders to procred to
Korkin;:liani. twenty miles disianl, and i)ilr f<»raj:e for
tin* Koinifrni li ( "orps. .Maitliin!:; all nii,dii we rearlnMl
our destiiuition at sunrise, l»iit ran into a cauiit of rebel
lavalry and thin;;s !»e<;;an i«> lotdi serious. However,
Kilpat riek's ravalry an-iv«Ml just in t inie, having; crossed
the river diiiin;; ilie nij^lit, an<l altacUin;: the rebels,
laptured or killed the whole lot. Kilpatriik had orders
for <'a|»tain Strawii stating; that the Fourteeutli Corps
Would not ;:o to Korkin;;:liani, but would tak«'tlu' next
r<»ad, twenty miles <listant. (>ut of the melee with the
rebels I serured a uiule, lojidiii^ him with foraj;«*, sueh
as Hour, m«'at. shirts, socks, etc., and started in c«un-
paiiy with ei^dit others across ihe country to the main
army. nn»* of our number was a Lieutenant. 1 was
the onlv member <>f uur Ke^iment in the crowd and
in ranjiiii;: over»t he eiMiniry had lost si;.dit of <':ipiain
Sirawn. Two of ihe men belun^'ed to the Thirty-third
Olijo. the rest I diil not know. WC marched sonie
ten miles and <amped f«u' the nij^hi. In the mondn;:
We loaded up iiiir mules and horses and were about
n*«dy to start when Wade Hampton's eavalry pounced

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 33T

down upon and captured us all. At sight of the forage
they were enraged and said they would kill us. They
then shot all down but myself and were about to shoot
me viien the second officer in command, a young Lieu-
tenant, seeing that I was very young, interfered and
pulled me up on his horse and rode away. He rode
to the Cape Fear River, where he left his horse and
we crossed in a skiff. Soon he turned me over to a
South Carolina Colonel by the name of Herrington, as
a prisoner of war. We were near Fayetteville on the
morning of our capture and while with my protector
I could often see our corps marching in the distance.
I was sent to Libby Prison, where I remained until
Richmond was taken, about sixty days. I can never
forget my rescuer from the jaws of death.

THRILLING NARRATIVE OF GILBERT R. CONARROE, COM-
PANY B, CAPTURED AT HARTSVILLE AND TAKEN FOR A
REBEL DESERTER.

I was taken prisoner at Hartsville and when we
reached Murfreesboro was singled out by the rebels
as being one Mr. Brown, a deserter from \heir ranks.
A rebel Colonel, a Sergeant and six men marched me
out into the woods to be shot, and had it not been for
an Irishman they would have carried out their threats.
I asked the Colonel what he meant by bringing me
out alone and leaving all the rest of m'v comrades in
the bull pen (prison camp). He said, "Brown, why did
you desert us?" I replied that I never belonged to
their ranks, and that Brown was not my name. He
said, "Brown, you denied your country, do not for God's
sake deny your name; we all know^ou too well for
you liD try to play that game on us." I replied that I
never denied my name or country and that I was an
Illinois soldier. He then questioned me further as to
my name, when and where I enlisted, etc., to all of
which I gave correct answers. He then, apparently
not satisfied, questioned me further, when a little rebel
Irishman, a soldier, said, "Colonel, this is not Brown
at all, though he looks exactlv like him; Brown had

S38 THE ONK HtNliR^D AND FOURTH

U... Irish l.n.^;u.-/' Th.-n In-an.l i 1m- i •..l.m.l ha.l a s.-Mo^
ab^Mi! im-. Wilt foit.iiM. was oii luv si.k. Dtnin^ ni.
,lis.„ssion 1 l.snn.M that lUuwn was iIm- ""•^^;"^;";;
„n rnn-lv f.u-ml. Finally il.- '->••"••» I'V'.''....
.Mianis lo'.uaivh ,„.. IkmU to ramp, f. wliuh anan .-
tilt I„..st willin.Mvass,Mn.M Uu.tlM. M.m.M-a^^^^^^
not nst th.'iv. WlMMi w,. appn.a.h.Ml Um- rami, a n 1. 1
;:„anl sai.l lo nm- of our Im.vs. -Th.-n. . um,-s a s of a U
That won't liv,. with voM.n.s.' ami th.M, th.-.v h.-M an
an^unH'iil as to wlH-tlur ih- Inion or .tIm-I authoi-
i,ir.s ha.l thr iH-st rlaim on um-. M.v situation m th,-
,„.n was anvthinjr but pl.-asan. ami ii m-^mu to h.ok
ihMunv for m... as it was nois,Ml al.oui , Im- n-lM-l .a up

that niown. tin- .h-s.-itrf. ha.l I u .uu-ihi with tlu-

Yank.M.s.aml I was poiut-.l out to all of t h.-iu wlmn-vr,-
1 w.M.i. Soon afi.T ilM- (MM- llun.ln-.! am V;"'"' ""
llumln.l an.l Sixth aiul Om' llun.liv.l ami hi-hth O no
W..IV ralhMl up in liim two tih-s .h-.-p. whru tin; n-hrl
<V,h,m-l lo.h- up an.l .h.wn ih.- lai.ks, an.l s.niilm:^ ni<'
,„„ „,.i,,,..i „„. t.. f..How him. 1 .li.l so. hut his Imrs,.
b,.in- in iM-M.-r pli-ht than mys.-M 1 asU.-.l him f. -o
a lit'lh- sh.w.M-, as mv sho.-s w.-n- wiih..ut s..h-s aiul
mv f(H-t bhMMlin- Tlmrnhuu-l luiuiui: Ins wi.k.'.l ..>rs
to*a rrhrl -uanl onh-n-.l him to tak.- .haii:.- ..f m.' ami
if I n...v.-.l t.. sh.M.i MM- .lowM. Th..«'..hm.-I th.-n w.-ui
ofT iM.t ivtunuMl s.M.n will, a .h-tail of six m.-n an.l a
8ri-.rrant. (Ml.- ..f th.' -uar.ls sahl t.. m.', -nn.wn. 1
^vouhlm.t -iv.-n.u.h for vo' .hai..-.-." 1 i l..n ask.-.l t h-
<r„anl what th.- TuIoih-I m.-aui to .|o. 11.- n-plm. . I
rias.-n't talk t.. v..u-uns." I was th-n k-pt .^iuanh-l lor
awhih-, hut t.. mv j..vful surpris.- was a-a.n s.-ut ba.k
tr, our ramp. Thm. h.-in- th..r..u-hlv alarnw-.l. I tra.h-.i
nlT mv him- arinv hhuis.- an.l my hat to an ..hi (H'finan
of thr (Ml.- llumir.-.l an.l Kii:l.ih Ohi.. f-.r an .>1.1 -n-asy
uv.-r.-..at witlu.ut a skirt, an.l an ..hi hat. ami th.'n-
aft.T kopt out ..f si;;lit as nni.h as ]...ssil.l.'. I h- r.-h.-l
Mr Hn.wn ha.l .lisapp.'atv.l. hut th.- n-h.-ls hunt.-.l for
„„. „,„il aft.-r w.- w.-n- par..l.-.l a.i.l until w.- pass.-.l
ihr..u-h th.-ir lim-s. T.. .lay 1 woiil.l -iv.- my h.-st suit
of hliH- for that ohl -jnasv ..v.'r.-..at ami .ap. as tln'V

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 339

helped me to gain my freedom and to follow "Old
Glory" to the end of the war.

BECOLLECTIONS OF LIEUTENANT RANDOLPH AND OTHERS;
INCIDENTS OF THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA; PLASTER
OF PARIS BISCUITS, ETC. BY ROBERT WEST, COMPANY B.

Lieutenant Kandolph, who had been absent, re-
turned to us on I)<^<«Mnber 1st at ITartsville, and was
on duty for the first time on the 5th. lie was on
picket dut}^ when the rebels attacked. Tlio night of
the 6th was cold and snow on the ground. The hogs
came grunting around our line, but the boys were
afraid to kill them, as the Lieutenant, being a lu'cacher,
just from home, forbade it. However, when relieved
early on the morning of the Tth, several went into camp
with sides of pork on their bayonets. In the battle,
Lieutenant Randolph, who wore a black suit with a
plume on his hat, was mortally wounded, carried from
the field and died not long after. Eight others of Com-
pany B were also killed or mortally wounded on that
fatal day.

At the battle of Chickamauga David McCampbell,
Fife-Major, and Joseph Wheat, Drum-Major, were
attending to the wounded and captured. McCamp-
bell died ill Audersouville. Wheat finally escaped and
after the war went west. Warnock and Hutchinson
were missing at Chickamauga and probably killed.
Joseph Chance w^as severely wounded in the thigh and
carried b3^ Sergeant Bassett and the writer to Ross-
ville, and from there removed to Chattanooga, where
he died a week later.

The experience of the Regiment during the siege
of Chattanooga was a severe one from the scarcity of
food. I saw a young soldier in Company A cry like a
child. He said that he had enlisted to fight and was
w illing to do it, but did not like to starve to death.
One day I obtained a pass to cross the river for the
purpose of visiting our boys in the convalescent camp.
There was a sutler there and I went to see how his
horse was and observed that he had some corn, so I

MO

III. \ V I . l« >r|{TH

|M«rs»i;Ml»Ml hiiii !«• «li\i.lr ii wiui ua: I \\u-\i ir;ul»Ml
this wiih I lit- sitk Tmi- hanl i;nk. Tht-y s;ii<l afu-iw anl
that lh»' torn pairhtMl iliil ihi-in iiion' ;i«MMl ihan all the
jiurtiir's iiuMliriiii*. Whrii 1 n*tuni«Ml i.. Hn- iiv«T the
wa«;<»ii iraiu was in fr«>iii Hri(l«;e|niri ami I lM»u;;ht some
lianl lark fiMin mii«- of the ;iiiar(ls. Aii«»ili<'r ;;uard
t«>M (he selh-r that he wuuhl vet be soirv In- ha«l parted
with his rations. « hi aiiivin«r in «anii» I Mivitled up
with my mess. Tin- ne\i day we went «>n pirUri for
fortyi*i;:ht hours, leavin;: no rations in ramp. I ofi»ii
hiokiMl at the dead animals which had died from starva-
tion and were taken to iln- «'di- of the ri\«'r to Ihiat
ofT on the spriii*; rise. At on.- liuM- I «oiiiiiiil iliree
hundred within half a mile.

W'hih' emampt'd |»y ilic Ti innNst-r IJImm- southwest
of tlje town. \\i- had to '^f\ all of our wood frtuu the
opposite sidt' iu a siuall IhkK. (Mi fo^;:\ days the hoys
Would try to < loss, liui always rame hark on the same
sidf and ;:a\e it up.

When, on NttM-mln'i- I'lili. ilu- (Mu- lluudrcd an<l
Fourth rliiulM'd up LooUoin io rcjufoi-cc I looker. < '<uu-
paiiies A and H w «m«- in i he crllar of i he ( lavcu I louse,
niid some of them discovered a half barrel of what wais
supposed to bf flour. They |uo(c«Mh'd to make a lot
of biscuit and baked ihem. \\ hen the projx'r time had
ehipseil a Ser;;eant tri«*d one veiy ea«;:erly. but wa8
sur|irised at I Im* ;^ril tiuoss ami lastelessness. I'uiihcr
in\est i^at ion i«'\oaled the fact thai the biscuits wore
rom|M»sed of plaster of jiaris. an ariicic thai old man
i'raven had bought to use as a rcriili/ci- lui his stony
farm. Tie- Iau;:h wasa;;jlinsi us.

AN INCIDK.NT CI' L!i:iTK|<ANT AU.NOl.h. ("O.MI'ANV A.

An incident after the capture of the (Mic Hundred
and I'ourthai I laitsvilh- illusirah-s t he spirit thai aui-
iiiati-d ihc UHMibcis of the Kc^inieiit ihroULihoui. c\«ri
to the youn;iest aiuou^' them. While they were in the
<'oUrt Mouse al .M Ulfleesbol-o bein;; paioled, <'(U|iol-al

S. v. .\rnold. of t'ompany .\, was awailiu;: his turn
and in boyish biaxado spiaiiL: ii|i on ihc balustraile of

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 341

the staircase ami r('a(liin<^ as liij^li as lie «'oul(l, wrote
in the bold and distinct hand that distinguishes his
penmanship to this day, "The Union must and shall be
preserved." As he stepped down the Captain of the
First Louisiana Tigers, who was guarding them, said,
"Do you believe that?'' His reply was, ''I «io, and some
day I will be here a free man and see my name on the
walh" The Captain thought for a moment an<l an-
swered, ''Well, may be you are right."

The Corporal saw his name there when he was a
free man and belonged, to a victorious army.

REMINISCENCES OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN AND THE SIEGE
OF ATLANTA. AMUSING INCIDENTS. BY CAPTAIN WIL-
LIAM STRAWN, COMPANY F.

After Johnston withdrew his army from New Hope
Church we again advanced and abotit the 10th of June
found ourselves confronting him at Kenesaw Moun-
tain, where his lines were strongly intrenched. Our
army was gradually pushed up closer and closer to
the foot of the great natural fortress, made more im-
pregnable by vast earthworks built by the rebels. At
last portions of our line effected a lodgment behind
intrenchments within a few j-ards of the enemy's works.
It is said that our closest lines were as follows: A sol-
dier would take an empty cracker-box, till it with dirt,
then lying down, push it before him in the night as
close to the enemy as he dared, then crawl back and
give place to others, so that by morning the rebels were
greatly astonished to find our ranks right under their
noses. This operation, however, removed the parties
temporarily from the list of fighters, for while they
occupied these extremely close quarters, no one dared
to show a finger above the works. Whether true or
not the story is told of a rebel desiring a furlough, that
sticking up a hand with the trigger finger extended he
said, "Here's for a furlough." Scarcely had he spoken
when he shouted, "A discharge, by hookey." One of
our boys had shattered his hand. While' our Regi-
ment occupied nearly as close quarters to the enemy,

S«2 THE ONE HTNDRED AND FOURTH

1 lost iiiv tirst mail, Ktlwanl Klu-rhart, v«»uii«; aii<l lov-
abli* and a jiood soldier. Stnuk by a rrhel bullei he
liviil only b»n;: ••n<Mi«;li io (•(Ter a word of prayer i<>
Jesus to recei\i* his sjtiril. All fell inexpressibly sad
itxt'V his h»ss. ( Mie niyht a tb'lerniined jissauh was
niadi* <»ii thi» rebel w orks awaiy to our rihy:t, rfsultinjr iu
a lepulN*' with many of our lu'ave soldiers killed «>r
woumled. Ibit <ieneral Sherman was not idle and was
proseruiin;; his llankin;: operalions, whi«h in a few
days resulted in anoih«*i- w iilidi awal «>f Johnston's
army beyond Marieiia lo the < liallahoochee Ki\t*r.
Sherman*> army follow in;; sal down before ih«' enemy's
ini renchmenis as neai- as was piiideni. The weather
beeame intensely hot so that we hail lo seek any avail-
able shatje. While here si-veral amusin;:: inridents
oreuried. I was making; a rail one day al bri^iade
ln'adi|iiariers. whirh was also head<|iiarlers of the I'if-
leeiiih Keniiifkv Infaiiliy. The ( "hapiain wasreadin;;
and an Irisli soldier was siiiin;: near on a lo;: smokin;;
a pi|te. Snildeidy ihet'haplain lhon;:ln he fell some-
iliiii;: siin;; him between the shoulders, ami investi;:ai-
in;;, out dr«»p|M'd one of ihose slimy, shinin;: lizards
roiiiinon in that « liman- and t-alle<l by the natives
"swifts." li seudded over the Irishman like a tlasli.
His eyes bul;:in;: oni, he exclaimed, "lloly Moses,
pliwat's thai?" The onlookers lan;^hed lieariily, to
Pat's «lis«;:iiKt. Ai i his plaie some new i-erruiis arriveil
from Illinois. Anion;: lln-m was a (all, ;:ood lookin;^
youn;: man dress«M| in i he hei;:lil of fashion, a bluo
frork eoat, pants to match, faultless boots, and to
crow II all. I<t the dis;:usl of the Nt'Ieian soldiers, he
hatl on a clean w hite shin and collar. The boys tM';;an
t«» ;:u_\ him. "Sonny, does your nioihei- know you're

out." and many kindred s| lies, with which i hey were

always well stocked. The fellow soon l:oi mad all o\er
and intimated thai he couhl tlirash ihe whole < rowd.
This was all l he more fun foi- i he boys. If he had taken
it ;:ood natnredh they wiuild ha\e said, **^'ou are all
ri;:lil, and a vet. shake," and thai w<»uld have ended
the mallei-. Rut his leiuiM-r was up and selectiii;: ihe

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 843

saiK'iest one of the crowd be gave him a good thrash-
ing. It is iieedh^ss to say that he was all right with
the b(»ys after that. During the siege of Atlanta our
Brigade wus moved gradually from one position to
another south and west of the city, always facing the
rebel intren<hments. The desperate fighting by large
bodies of uKMi liad ceased, but a constant fusilade of
small arms and jucket firing was kept ui) day and
night on some part of the line. The rebels extended
their lines west and south to protect their railroad
communications with the Ccmfederacy and we had to
watch, meet and rcMider their efforts abortive at every
op])ortunity. Kains were freijuent and heavy a ])or-
tion of the time, which added greatly to our discom-
fort. At the conclusion of one of the movements of the
Regiment to the right in rain and pitchy darkness, we
encami>ed in an <dd field and gathered rails to lie on,
but many could ii<»t in the intense darkness find any
and awoke in the morning to find themselves half cov-
ered with water and mud. Things of this kind occurred
freciuently. We lay several days behind breastworks
of earth su])posed to be strong enough To break the
force of cannon balls. Our picket lines were placed
some distance in front. We were upon a high ridge.
The rebels were upon another facing us, their pickets
in fr<uit and a br<»ad bushy valley between the two
lines. The oi»i)osing pickets being within speaking dis-
tance frequently agreed to a truce and leaving their
arms behind met on the neutral ground in the valley,
had a friendly conference and exchanged coifee, to-
bacco, etc. It was not unusual after one of these con-
ferences ff)r us to receive numbers of deserters from
the rebel lines. The rebel offii^ers forbade these meet-
ings under heavy penalties, but from time to time they
were held as they always had been, *'on the sly." I
remember that on one occasion there was a wholesale
desertion from the rebel picket lines, our men rushing
forward and taking possession of the rebel rifie pits.
When the rebel main lines discovered this they opened
up with artillery on the fugitives and (uir men, but

3«4 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

were aiisweretl vi^onmslv. Mattei-s haviiij; quieted
«io\vn sniiU'what t\\«) of my hoys jjot into a wraiijijle
4>v«T soiiH- trivial matter. Um* of tlnMii sjn-aii;; at tlie
other w hi'ii ahmj: «aiiM' a slirll, hiiryiii;; itsrif in our
breast w<»rkf< and hurst in;;, rov«*io(i us all with thr ird
dirt. The two b«»y8 who had clinched fell ajtaii so
8udd<Mdy an«l tuinl)hMl head over ln'els into tin' ditrh
xo (juirkly that wc tlmui^dit they were kille<j. As it
ttirn^tl t»ut they were only suipiised and soon foij^ot
nil about their little "tilT." The ht>ys enjoyed a heaiiy
lau;;h at their expense. This and maii\ siiiiilar ludi-

<TOUS affairs helped U> while a way ihe lime helWeeli

active operations.

PEIU50NAI. RECOLLECTIONS OF THE ARMY BUMMHK BY
JACOB BANE, COMPANY I.

iMirin;; the late war there were many de\ e|n|iiiientH
inadt*, hut none so important as the army hummer.
lie supplied I he missin^; jink l>etween hun«;«M- and
plenty to eai. lie liioke ihe monotony many limes
wh»*n he entered a rhickeii roosi ai tin- dead hour of
iii;;ht. The hummer was iio ordinary soldier: he had
abilities whiih nothinj^ hut army life could develop.
He had the ability of ex|doiiii^ and loid; ipiite an
active part in ex|dorln}j; <-ertain |o<alii ies; i he localit ies
■which he most delij.:hted to explore and visit were the
Hinoke, the sprin;i and the chicken house. The hummer
was a very peculiar fellow, lie had his «»wn peculiar-
ities, ami ihe\ roMJil uot he imitated. No otVner from
<ieneral to ("orporal could keej> him in camji or the
ranks. When his name would he called for ;,niard or
picket duty he was always absent on some missi«)n
exclusively his own. 'J'he ;;enius of military tactics
<'ould be exhausted in its elTorts lo loiiirid him. To
^lujtlicaie him by a proeess of military tactics was im-
possilde, as the buiumer was the out;;i'owth of army
life. On the march he was scarcely ever seen by his
command except at ni^rht, and tln-n not unlil all details
liad been made. Me was always up and on his journey
befoie if was linii' for makiu^' details. The olijeci and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 345

tho mission of the buminer was never fully known to
the citizen; but to the inhabitants of the section of
country which he chanced to pass through his mission
was fully realizedj and fully appreciated and enjoyed
by the boys when he came into camp at night and
unloaded what had stuck to him during the day. As
near as could be ascertained the bummer went in for
anything- he could get away with. His intentions were
mostly concealed from view and clothed in mystery.
In fact the bummer was never known to miss a meal
or b<^ present for duty. You could not tell anything
about him with much certainty. You might have had
an impression amounting to a sure thing, as you
thought, and you might have formulated a theory that
seemed to show that the bummer was doing more good
than a deacon at a camp meeting, but you could not
prove it by any tactics known to the military or the
moral law. In calculations concerning the bummer
military knowledge could not be depended upon. The
bummer was as unreliable as a woman's watch or the
business end of a mule. He never turned out to be what
you took him for. It is a little curious, but still it is
an absolute, petrified fact, that a bummer well loaded
down would lie like sin and stick to it until he got
into camp. The man or woman who believed all the
bummer said and staked his or her hopes or affections
on his veracity, got badly and very often sadly left.
Sometimes the bummer would pose himself as a mis-
sionary, and before he left they would sorely
realize his mission by the loss of some valuable article.
Sometimes the bummer was disappointed and did not
get what he expected and attempted to surround, and
in consequence of this his load was light. And then
again he was actually heavier loaded than his outward
appearance would indicate. That the bummer was a
puzzle to the owner of a well-filled smoke, spring or
chicken house which he chanced to visit, was no
wonder.

The bummer established a reputation which he
was proud of, and which it was the height of his

844 THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

aiiiiliitiiiii !«» iiiaiiitaiii ami ktM*i» «;«mh1, Ihii for all this
vuii «Mul(I ikH «Ic|m>ihI oil him. If tlit-rt- was a family
l{il»l«' on ilir t«Mitf|- lalih- ami a ham in the sinoUt--
lioiisf. or a fhifkt'ii on I In- roost In* wonhl thMcivt* his
own ;^'ran«hnollnM- ami ;;h»ry in it. too, whih* his i-om-
rauh'S wm* ;;ftlin;i away with lin-m. Even if a Imm-
nn-r slnnihl art hoin'sily, he |»ossfSs»'«l so mnrh tlrn-p-
lioii thai In* j:oi no t riMlii foi- ii. Hnt ciiMlii was some-
Ihinji: tin* linmm*'r n<\«i- asUiMJ for. as In* always had
sonn'ihin;: to i*x«han;;c for tin* n«*r«*ssari»*s t»f life, li
was no nm-oinmon «MM-nrr»*nci* t«> stM* tin* bnmnn*!- toni-
in;: into ranip loa<l«'il <low ii. holding in om* hand a ro|K',
and aitacln-d to iln* oiln*r md a mnh* loaded dttwn
with tin* n«*r«*ssaii«s of Hf«*. Ask a hummt-i- u ln*ri* he
jfoi his sn|»plics and his answrr wonhl In* nnnr drlnsive
than a dream hook, ami his loa<l sonn'thin<j: lik<* the
nnknowii ijnantiiy in al^^fhra. li nii;:ht im-jucscih a
;;ood d«'al or v«*iy lilth*, a litlh* of cn ciyt hin;:. fioni a
ln*«*dii\»* to a s|>rin«; rhickcii; and ytm lia<l to Im- ron-
t«*nl w it h tin* <*\| da nation In* ;:;av»' yo»i. as it w as \imh*r-
sto(M| hy all tin* hoys that then' was m> pdnj: iH-himl
tin* n*tniiis of a hnmnn*r. Tin' hnmnn'r was a liln*ial-
ln*art<*d iM'in;^. y«*( In* adhficd siiirijy io th<* laws of
his or<;ani/at ion. whit h wnc hasi-d on iln- old da«k-
stinian doriiiin-, "lo tin* \i»lors hflon;; tin* s]»oils:"" y<*t
in his dist lihntion of tln*m In* show«'d no jioliiiral or
Kcitarian iin*f«*r«*mrs. Tln*n* an* two thin;;?* »<nnH*ri«*(l
with army lif«* which ohl sohlirrs will always i<nnni-
bcr, vi/., tin* hnmnn'r an«l tin- old armv mule.

CHAPTER XXII.

Reminiscences of the Kentucky Campaign, Hartsville and Ellc
River, by Lieutenant A. Prescott, Company A — My Experi-
ence at Stroud's Mill, or Fishing- Creek, S. C, by John E.
Merritt, Company H — Incidents of Chickamauga, the Atlanta
Campaign and Raleigh, by Corporal D. L. Mitchell, Company
C — Who Had the Nightmare at Hillsboro and Chattanooga?
by Sergeant Andrew MofRtt, Company I — Milking Cows, by
Oscar Slagle, Company D — Reminiscence of Tompkinsville and
Mission Ridge, by Edgar L. Stevens, Company C — My
Experience at Chickamauga, by Philip A. Hawk, Company
G — Reminiscence of Glasgow, Ky., by Captain Willard Proc-
tor, Company I — The Experience of Company I in the Skir-
mish Before Atlanta, July 22nd, 1864, by Captain Willard
Proctor, Company I — Recollections of Utoy Creek, Ga., by
Captain Willard Proctor, Company I— Extracts from Captain
Leighton's Diary as to the Operations of the Regiment Around
Dallas. Pumpkin Vine Creek and New Hope Church — Recol-
lections of the Siege of Chattanooga and the Battle of Look-
out Mountain, by Captain William Strawn.

REMINISCENCES OF THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN— HARTS-
VILLE AND ELK RIVER— BY LIEUTENANT A. PRES-
COTT, COMPANY A.

While the One Hundred and Foiuth lay at Frank-
fort I was detailed to take Company A and two com-
panies ot the One Hundred and Sixth and One Hun-
dred and Eighth Ohio and march to Lawrenceburg to
support a battery. My orders were received from Col-
onel Timberg, commanding our Brigade. On arrival
no battery was found, but an orderly soon came and
said it was a mistake. We then marched back and so
quickly that the shortdegged Dutchmen had to stretch
their legs and do some tall swearing. At Bowling
Green I was detailed to take a i)arty an<l teams and
forage for the Division, After going for miles where
nothing was to be seen but the desolation of war, such
as is produced by armies, and was about des])airiiig of
finding anything, we cjime suddenly to a well-kei)t field
full of corn in the shock. This surprised me, but when

348 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FoUHTll

1 rftlfitrtl that all ih«*i»tln'r |>laiilatioiis Wf liatl i>ass«Ml
Wfii- as bait* nf Vf}j:rlalioii as iln* licatls of til»l mvn
in ilu* fr«»m scats «»f a ihi-atfi- arr of liair, ilit- iiivsi«*ry
was fXplaiiUMl. 1 roinliHl«Ml ilial iln* uwiu-r iiiusi be
j*n»t«MiiMl l»\ tin* < ioviMMiiifiM. aii*l Immiij; cuiiri ami
jurv, I jvasi»in*«l thai tin* armv haviiiy: <oiin* tli«i<' i<»
])n>t«Ml tlir laiitl and sustain law. wr ninst In* fcil, Itoili
mm and lirasis. \\ r |irtM«M'tl«M| in litad I In* wagons, and
uliilr doin;; SM, 1, nnaniiiiM'. watrliin;: M|MM'al inns from
mv Innsf, a man slmuifd in a ;:rnlT voice from tin?
W(»ods on tin* opposite side of tin* lield, "Wliai are you
doin^ llieie?" I.ookin;; oxer 1 saw a ;itM»d jookin;;:
Sperinien of llie <j:elllls **l»ni I eiinu " silting on iiis hoise
ami replied, 'M'an'i you se«?" ••\es, hut yt»u have no
rij^hl to tourh that rorn; it is itiotecieil hy (Joveiii-
jneiit." 1 said. "All ri;;ht, that's my nnat." "< "unie o\»'r
here," says hutternut. "Not any for m«','* 1 replied; "if
you wish to talk roi-n come over here." lie came ami
informed mm- tliai Ik- had proieciimi pM|tcis fnim <icn-
eral .Mc<'ook. 1 said, "1 am takinj^ this coin hy orders
from I'mle Sam, who will jiay for it il the owner is
all ii;:hi." I lia\<' m-vcr hlaiiicil invscir U>\- ihai de-
cision.

On the iiiar<h sMinh riom 'roiii|tlviiis\illt' I was
dftailed on the ihii-d day hy < 'ohuiel Scot i lo t;ikf i hirty
men with an o\ team and forage for provisions, .\fter
wamleriii;; all ni^ht ahm;; hy roads and in tin* woods
we found an old mill on a small stream, secured some
Hour, then fidlowed the Hri^ade, o\criakinix it at id^ht.
\N'e marched throu;:h <ioose<'reek N'alley. which no
one will ever foijret, and linally reached I larts\ ill*-,
Tenn. ('oinpany .\ acted as I'l-oMtsi <iuaids ai i he
villa;:e. The nri;,'adc weiii into camp on the haidvs of
the < 'uinherland, a mile distant. The petiple of llarts-
\ilh' were pronounced rebels, all the youn^ and able-
bodied men Were in the rebel army, many of them with
.I<din Morgan, who attacked iis hecember Tih, \siV2.
Three or four days pre\iously a iie^in iurormed me

that we were to be attacked. 1 told ('.iImiii'I Moore,
who had as>uiiiet| conimaud of ihe llij^iade on the '_M,

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 349

Colonel Scott having left; and I said I believed it was
reliable from certain indications of tlie old men of
the village. 1 also suggested that some baii'icades or
intrenchments would be a good thing, but he did not
seem to wake up to the emergency. On the night of
December 5th our company was on picket duty on the
road near the camp. 1 was in command of our ])ickets
and it was very dark. A horseman attempted to pass
toward the village and paid no regard to the chal-
lenge; pretty soon three shots were fired and the hors<'
and rider came tearing back. I challenged him, when
he went over the fence; taking the guard's gun I fired;
he made a momentary halt and then Aveut on. The
man was no doubt a spy. The next morning his horse
was found wounded. When the battle was over and
we were prisoners waiting to cross the river, one of the
men of the One Hundred and Fourth went up to one
of Morgan's men, a big fat fellow, and said: "Hello,
Bill, I thought the devil had got you long ago." He
was his brother! One of the sergeants of my com-
pany found two of his cousins with Morgan, and they
gave him something to eat. One of the men of the
Regiment was taken by the rebels for a deserter, but
afterward released. When we were captured, Mrs.
Captain Ellis, wife of Morgan's Quartermaster, took
my sword and sash and said she would take care of it;
she did so and gave it to our forces when they occupied
Hartsville, and I received it at Gallatin as we were
passing through. When we approached Murfreesboro
as prisoners the column was halted and the men
strip])ed of their overcoats, and fearing their valuables
would be taken also, I filled my long boots and my
pockets with their watches and money. However, the
rebels did not disturb them. In due time we were pa-
roled, sent into our lines at Nashville and to Columbus,
from there to Camp Douglas to guard prisoners. In
April, 1863, we returned to the front, and under Kose-
crans marched on the TuUahoma campaign, which was
short, brilliant and exciting. Though sick all the time
I did not stay behind. At Elk River, where our Brigade

MO THE ONK HrN'I>RKD AND FOrRTH

raiiM* iiilo ;iili»»ii, ( "oiii|i;iii v A was mi ilir left of the
batt»*n ami vvlnA sharpshoot«*rH \v«*n' iM*;r;,Mii«; away,
iifiirial lliMtfy ihliii;: up ordrnMl iin* lo s«'inl a f«'\v
iiHMi aliraM lt» try ami |iirk tlnin t>tT. Tin* fari of my
Kli;;litly tuniiii;; my li«'a«l lln-r«- savnl ii. as a iiiiiin- l>all
raiiH' wlii/./iii;; l»y my fai-. .hisl iImmi a ithfl sIm-II
took off tin* lira«l of a luittfiy liorsf ami i In- I'nlcr mllrd
ai^aiiisi a tire. Iiiit was only stiiiim-d liy ilir fall. I
askril ('apiaiii Ih'wiit if li** (-oiiM hit aii,\ i liiii;^. lie
8ai»l. "Vou s«M* that rliimm*y alu-ad: wattli ii." A uuii
was IIiimI and d«»wii ramc tin* cliimm-y. TIk- K<';iimt'nt
was movi'd soon after l)\ ilic ri<:;lit tIanU ami t-aim* into
line in fiont of tlie lionse, wliirli was hit l>y a shell.
Then some women rame ont, one id' them with hei- aim
"Wounded, and made for the woods. I saw i hem no
more. A little ;;ifl came lainnin;: down the hill sneam-
ini; and j;ot hehiml a t tee, when she ceased riving.
There was sonn- shar|» skirmishing all ahmji. i'inally,
when the enemy had 'teen dri\en hack across the lOlk,
they openetl auain with artilh-ry from the IdiilT and
wei-e re])lied to so vi^mronsly liy onr liatteries that
one or two of theii- ^nns were dismonnted and they
withdrew. Al'it-r ihai we rrosseil ihe river, Imt the
enemy w iM*e lin-n well on iheir way o\er tin- iiMHin-
tains. near the base of which we lay. Willi the till of
Jnly came tin* news of the snrreiider td" \'i( kshiir;^ and
the victory at < let tyshnr^. which ci-eated ;j;ieat enihn-
siasm. We then went into lamj) ai l>eiliei-d. Tenn.

MY KXIM:i{n:;s("K .\T STHOIDS .MIM.. oh FI.SHINd CHKKK.

s. ('.. i'i:niUAiiv un. istjs. hv joh.n i:. mi:ui{ITT. co.m-

PANY H

\\'hile the |{e;,dinent was marchin;: thron;^h Sonth
<'ar<dina hi;:h watei- in the tiieai I'edee detained ns
three da\s, and as provisions weif herominu^ scaire,
<'aptain IJoss was sent out wiih a deiail of one mm
from earh company on a fma;:!?!;: expedii ion. | wiis
■detailed from <'ompan\ II. ( )n the wa\ others joimd
UH, ami not lon;^ after i;eitinir away from onr lines
We were piet t \ Well mounted on miihs pressed into
the sei\ ire from I In- plantations. We went into the

REGIMENT ILLINOIS V'OLUNTEERS. 351

country some ten oi* twelve miles and occasionally
exchanged shots with rebel cavalry whi<-li hovered
about watching- our movements. When they got too
near we would stop, have a skirmish with them until
they drew oil", and then we would move on again lively
for several miles. However, we had loadc<l our mules
well. I remember having one hundred pounds of Hour
and two hams on my mule. Vs'e had to stop and skir-
mish several times and the numbers of the enemy kept
increasing Avhen they pressed us closer and drove us
down on a creek bottom Avith a A'ery steej) bluff on the
opposite side. The Captain said he proposed to tight,
as it w^as too hazardous scaling the bluff. The result
was the final surrender of most of the party after loss
to the rebels. I forced my mule into the creek, which
was about five rods wide, and the first step he went
over his head, but he came up all right and made good
time for the opposite shore. After crossing I looked
back and it seemed to me that the whole Southern Con-
federacy was after us. I laid low, put spurs to my
mule and was not long in reaching the top of the bluff,
but from the way the bullets zipped around me and
struck the earth, it looked bilious for me. AY hen I had
reached cover I found that I had* a companion, Xic.
McCormick, of Company B. He had sAvam across the
creek and was wounded in the wrist. I bound up the
wound with a silk handkerchief and we hurried on
with all the mules that the rest of the command had
dismounted. They seeing us cross the creek had, as
mules will when frightened, followed us. We did not
let the grass grow under our feet, but made for our
army and found the Regiment after dark. The experi-
ence was the most exciting one I had had and will
never be forgotten by me.

INCIDENTS OF CHICKAMAUGA, THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN,
AND RALEIGH. BY CORPORAL D. L. MITCHELL, COM-
PANY C.

On the Friday evening preceding the battle of
"Chickamauga our Regiment had been sent to guard

9U

Tin. o.Nj; 111 .NKKI.l' .\M> »«>l UTH

a ford, and Captain l-Ml/.sinini«tns had (oiiiiiiaud of (»ur
pit kft linr. I WiiH ont* of tin* two nontoiiiunssioni'd
t»fti««Ts «»n tin* lt*ft. AH was t|iii»*l durin;: the reiiiaindtT
of tin- nijihl and u o ifinahnMl thnr during tin* artillfiv
dn«d id tin* I'.Mli, wai«liin;i the front and «*\|uMnn^^ fur-
ther ord«Ts. Finally (lu* pirkris wrn* »alh*d in. bnt
tlu' t»rdcr faih'd to n-arli us on t|H*l«'fi. On ^^oin;; down
til*' line I disrowriMl that in«>st of ihc men had «lisa|»-
jK-ait'd and i«*|»ort«*d it to th«* Captain, who iniin«MH-
atelv sent a man to «anip. lie felurned <|ui(kly and
Kaid the nii;;ade had j^one. About this time we saw
the rebel <avalrv erossinj; Chi«kamau;;a Creek in frt>nt
(»f tis. The Captain then ^Mvin«i an order for every man
to hmk o\it f«»r himself, it was promptly executed in
double <|ui«k time to ih«' rear. 'rii«'i«' were seven or
nint' of us. In a short time our eyrs were •;huldeue<l
by s«M'in;: oui- own ra\alr.\ approarhin;;, but ln/fore
they had jzout- forty rods furllnM- they were en;,M;ied
with tin* eiHMny. Niuht was coming on and we did
not tinil our Ke^^imenl until Sunday mornin;:, when
the ISri^'ade mairlied so«»n after to our extrenu' left
and ln'came eii^a;;ed very shoitly in the tierre contlit-l
of tin* -(Mil. During; the li;;lit I was hit on my knap-
Huek strap and knocked <low n, rausin;; me to spit blood,
also causinj; a bruise. 'I'lic Atlanta (-ampai^n was an
almost t-ontinuoiis baitif ;iiid the Ke;:iment under tir<'
one hundred «lays. dust before we rearhed Keuesaw
-Mountain Cui|iurai dames Lo^^an. of my Coiujiany. w ho
had been uiili me at Lexington. .Mi».. was killed. !!-•

and a dohiiuy both wanted the same tr n the skit

mi si I line, but t he d oh uuy ;iot t he ad\ anta;:«' and a uood
soldier fell. At KeliesaW t he rebel Woiks a lid ours W «•! e
onl\ about oiie hundred and lifty feet ajtart. We
relieved a ri*;;imeni (»f le^iulars. Tin- bieast works had
been thrown up in the iii^lit, b\ what troo|)s I do not
know, but w hen ^^e went in the re^^iilars said we would
have to lay low. Wash. Parker and myself weredetailed
as sharpshooters and one hundred ituimls of (•aririd;:es
plareil by each of us. When dayli;:lit came tin* rebels
hailed us and said. "N'aiik. \oii have ;:ot a dilTei-eiit lot

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 353

of nion over there, haven't you?" That day they kepr
their hea<ls (h>\vn. I think (Jeneral Polk was klHed the
same day. At Peach Tree Creek Company C lost somi.^ of
her best men, ann)n«>- them Parker, Mnnson and Captain
Kynearson. That was my last battle. I was wounded
in the hand, but rejoined the Ke.iiinient in 18()."> at
(ioldsb(U'o, and inarched to lvalei<.ili and Washin«;ton.
Our Rejiiment was the first to enter Raleigh and our
General, ridinjjj up, said to Major Widmer, then eom-
manding: "Yonr flag is entitled to go on the State
House oi' North Carolina, but there is so little left to
show what it represents that I shall have to take that
of the Forty-second Indiana." That Regiment had
been home on veteran furlough and had a new i!ag.
The unequaled march to Richmond and the grand
review were events I can never forget.

WHO HAD THE NIGHTMARE AT HILLSBORO AND CHATTA-
NOOGA ? BY SERGEANT ANDREW MOFFITT, COMPANY I.

During the Tullahoma campaign, while Ave lay at
Manchester, Tenn., General Beatty was ordered to take
our Brigade and march to Hillsboro, eight or ten miles
distant, in support of General Wilder's movement
against the right flank of the retreating rebel army.
AVe arrived there Sunday night after a tedious march
through the mud and bivouacked near the old village
in a grove of young timber. The position was a dan-
gerous one as we had no supports near and the rebels
were not far in front. The orders were to lay on our
arms with accoutrements on and to be ready at a mo-
ment's notice for an attack. General Beatty and our
Brigade had been selected for the expedition on
account of their fighting reputation. A strong picket
line had been thrown out in front, the night was
intensely dark and rainy, and our pup tents not much
protection. We went to sleep, but a nervous, fitful
sleep for many. All at once I was awakened by the
most unearthly yell, howl and shriek, all in one, that it
is possible to conceive of. I jumped np, grabbed my
musket and took a position behind a tree that stood

S&4

THE ONK HL NDHKl* AM» F«»l ICTil

lu'iir. I ilioujihi ihf ivhel tavalrv was ridiii;; ovor the
Ki'*;iiiM'iil slaviiij; im t-vrrv liainl. 'l*> add («» llie cou-
fusiuii ihf pirki'ts lM*«;an liriii^ and my hair i»usUed
iifi (In* rap oil tiiv head. It \>as su dark mik* cuiild not
sif his hand hrforr his fart*. The Uii^adc was f«niiMMl
in liiu* and ihe ininirdiatc cause of th<* start* asrer-
laiintMl. Thr Major raiiir ah»nj; v<»win;i thai if he couhl
tind lh«* fi'How Uv woiihl have him shot. Uiii ihi- |iirk-
«*ts liaNiii;: Imm'U liitti mt wf stood in liiu* iiiiiil «Uiv-
Ii;;hl. .V siiuihir iiiridciit (Mciirird in front of ("hatta-
iioopi in whirh I «'njo\fd tin- fun. Somh afn-r the l>ai-
tlt» of ( 'hitkanian;:a u«* wfii* on pirUrt. The liins on
«*ith«'r sid«' had not been well d«'liiud as vt-i, and the
two armies were skirmishing; for the best |»ositions to
establish thi-ir liiifs and |»irkfi p(»sts. (Ifin ral |{os«*-
erans had sent nni a liri-^adc to src \\h<'r«' lh<* n-bt-ls
were, btil they wer«' soon driven back and then Ura;;;^:
siMit out a <li\ision to ascertain our ]Misitioii. and he
fiMHld oii(. for We speedily dloNc it bark. .M V relief
was on the line when the atta<k was imnle and after

the ne\I relief Went on UC Were at the picket post,

which was down in a nice little «o\e. As it was rold
we had a lire and it was ipiite li;;ht. The boys bein;c

Very tired and worn out dro|iped ulT to slee|t. some of

them coM-rin;: their heads with their blanUeis. I was
in a position to take in the whole situation and liaji-
peiied to be loukin;; at the time when thai same o|i|
yell broke the stillness of the ni^dii. Ii was better
than a circus to see the men run in e\ery direrijon,
some with the blankets over their heatls trvin;: to run,
and some craw liii;.: <dT on hamis and knees. There were
but few who did not move and i|uickly. I think the
author of the trouble must ha\f been the sann- on<»
wh<) scared us at llillsboio.

.MII.KINC; cows. IIY ('{)UIM)|{.\I. O.^CAIt Sl.ACU:. ("O.M-

I'.WY I).

\\ jieli llie liatlle nf IlalM>\ille nciliried |. wllil a

detail of < I lie half of our < 'oiu] tan \ and one half of ( um-
paiiy I', were with the sujiply train as 'guards at <ial-

latV.-. 'I'elin.. co||Se<|l|ent ly WeilJd Il<<l rellllll l<i 1 1 a ft s-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. SoS-

ville, but were put on provost duty aud (juartered in
the Court Bouse. Our duties were guarding; prisoners^
private ju-operty, aud |iatr«>Iiug tlie streets of the towu^
three hours on duty aud nine olf, except when we coukl
play sick. While thus employed we became tired of
our daily fare and hankered for a change of diet, but
could not obtain anything inside of the guard lineSy
as all was closely watclied. 80 we fre(]nently took
midnight rambles after coining ofC duty in the early
part of the night, and being in possession of the coun-
tersign could go where we pleased. On one of these
excursions in company with J, C. and L. K. Hutton^
we came across some cows which we thouglit needed
milking, but my comrades could not milk, their fingers
being achipted to catching chickens, etc., so it was
agree<l that they should corner the coavs and I shoukl
do the milking. This was done. I had milked three
and had a good suppl}^ of milk, enough, 1 thought, but
the boys said there was one more cow and we had
better make a clean job of it. It was pretty dark, but
the cow was white, so I told them to corner her up,,
which with some trouble they did. I then proceeded
to milk her, putting out my hand for the purpose. Just
then something struck me broadside and I went sprawl-
ing. When I recovered sufficiently to speak I blurted
out, "That's a steer !" The boys were so convulsed withi
laughter that I did not get any sympathy from them,
and I have a belief to this day that it was a put up-
job on their part.

REMINISCENCES OF TOMPKINSVILLE AND MISSION RIDGE^
BY EDGAR L. STEVENS, COMPANY C.

While the One Hundred and Fourth was in camp
at Tompkinsville, Ky., I was taken sick and unable
to be removed when the Regiment suddenly left one
night. So I was carried in the rain and darkness tO'
a house near by and put to bed in a chamber with
another man of the command who was also very sick.
The exposure had been so great that in a few hours I
sank into unconsciousness and remained in that con-

nC THE ONK 111 MUtKD AM> Ft H KTH

dilioii for tfii ilavs, 1 Miring that linn* tin* toinrade
who was w iih lue died and was burit'd. li was nearly
two luoiitliH bt'fore 1 could set up, ami tlirti' before 1
was Well eiioit^li to leavi*. Fi»rt iniatelv my ln>sis w<*re
kin«lliearied. tliMu^li slaveludders, and in syiiipalhy
with llie S»»uth. They nursed me back t<» health, call-
in;; in their family physician to ;;ive me treatment.
^\'hile in Tompkiusville several < 'onfederate commands

jKlssed thluii;:h and a few weeks after the battle of
llartsvillf .Mor^ian's whole army mairlieil by the hous'*
where 1 was staying; and 1 saw it fitun the chamlH r
window. Several relations of my host wcif anntii;; i Im*
number and stopped fur dinii<r. TIm- ik-m day out- of
them was killed and br<>ii;;hi to ToiiipkinsN ille for bur-
ial. One «lark and tloudy ni;;ht in I'ebruary, a little
])asi oiif, I hli iJM' house Mild friends who had proven
to Im' such ;:ood Samaritans, to make uiy way to tin*
Federal lines, sixty miles distant. .Much of the way
was infested liv ( "oiifeijeraie ca\alrv. Afh-i- four days
and ni;:hts of skMlkiii>:, hiding and windinu around
fields and opeiiin;;s in order to keep in the (oxer **f
Woods, creeks ami ;;ullies. I reached our lines near
Nash\llle. exhausted. Auxlous to jiet back north and
tliere axNait the exchanp* of the ( )ne lluntlr«'d and
Fourth, 1 made my \\:\y across Kentuck\ in altont two
Weeks and in a few days ai'iived home in llarhille,
whi*re 1 found t hat I had been ^dven up for dead, .\fier
H|)endin;; ji few days at home I rejoined the Ke^imeut
at Camp Douglas and wt-ni with it to the front. i»ar-
takinir in all its marches and battles until af^er the
capture of Atlanta, when hearing: of my father's sick-
ness 1 went home on fnrlou;:h. \\ In-n I h;id reached
"Nashville on my lei mn Shc'inan had siarieij for tin*
Hon. and thus T took paii in ilie baiih- of Nashville
ami the action at necalur. bul rejoined the lve;^im<'nt
at Cioldsboro, \. < '. The following; personal incident
which occurred to me at Mission Kid^re, shows how
ntistakes may sometimes be made atid an iniusti««*
ibme. In the •.M-and char;re I found mvself one of the
first lUi oui" jiarl of the line scnlin^ the eart liw <u-ks

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 357

on the to]) (►f the ridiic To my left a few yai-ds dis-
tant, one of the ollicers of the Ke^inient mounted tlie
works at about the same instant; as he did so a rebel
soldier raised his ^un to shoot him and notiein^ his
puri)ose 1 sjM-anji- toward him with my bayonet, whicli
so diconcerted him tliat he missed the ofhcer when he
tired. The rebel then threw down his gun and sur-
rendered. I was weak enough to regret for some time
tluit T did not use cold steel on him, Imt i-ebels were
so thick then that I turned my attention to others who
had arms in their hands. lloweA'er, the ridge was soon
in our possession and the rebels running. John Cook,
Fred Hess and myself ])ursued them down the east side
of the ridge into the woods and tired as they ran across
a <-learing. We then returned to tlie top and found
our men had formed line and stacked arms. Instead
of halting I continued on down the ridge Ave had
charged up for the purpose of learning who of Com-
pany C had been killed and w^ounded. While search-
ing them out a Sergeant approached and accused me
of skulking, stating that he had orders to arrest all
such. Feeling that I had done my full share in gain-
ing the victory and being then on a volunteer mission
of mercy, I was very angry and retorted that he was
too much of a coward to effect the arrest. At the same
time I brought my musket to a ready, but lie turned
away and nothing more came of it, though I expected
to be arrested.

MY EXPERIENCE AT CHICKAMAUGA. BY PHILIP A. HAWK,

COMPANY G.

When our Regiment fell back on the 20th of Sep-
tember, 18()3, at Chickamauga, F. L. Pound, J. F. I)i(dil,
Ham, Campbell, J. C. Deegan and myself h(d])ed to
remove some of the guns of Bridge's Battery, the horses
having been killed or disabled. I helped to work the
brass gun, but we were obliged to leave it. I then ran
to the next gun with my arms full of cones, but that
being a steel gun my cone fruit Avas of no account. I
threw it down and ran back to the brass gun with the

JM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

intention of spikin;: ii :>inl whilr in iIm- ;ui of <l«»iii^r
s«» was slmt in tin* fan* m\«m- tin- irfi fv«-; tlu-n 1 siaried
for tin- V'nv, but lia«i ;ioii»' uniy a slmrt distaure when
1 was wouh«I«m1 in tin* l»*ft U-^ l»y a siM-ni IkiII, wliirh
Htrnck with fon-r rnoiijili to iMii«'r tin- llt*slj an«l nia<i«*
thf IiNmhI run fni'ly. 1 did ni>t tln-n wait for an tn-dt^r
to ;.'ii. hut wrnt al olirr. Soon afl«T 1 Was hit in tln'
<alf «»f my ri;^'lit U"^ l»y a pirrf of sIm-II. I'roni that
tinio on I outran llw liulhMs until 1 hrou;:ht up near
an old \i*ii liani used as a hospital. Th«* relM-ls l»«*;:aii
to shell the liuildin^' and 1 lelii-aied over a hill, where
I foiMul an <>hio iriiiimMit en;:a^ed in slopping the
8tra«;;;lers. The t'oloiu'l washed my fa««' with water
from his eanteen and told uh* to stay tlu-re until an
amlmlam-e ranie alon;:. The oidy our that passed
"Would not slop. The ()liii» r«*;;iment m<»ved up on the

hill, so, as the walking: was '^ I and thai pari of the

rountry did not seem to a^Mee with mo, I turned my
bark to the army and started for < "hallanooM^a. It
was slow work with two lame le;,'s and a sore head
to j;et alon;;, hut 1 reached liossvillo at sundown and
"was sent the next day to tin* hospital in <'liattanoo};a;
llien an onler romin;; for jill who could walk to jjo over
the rivei- I <rossed, hut <ould <::•» no furl her. In a few
<lays I rejojiK-il iIk- lIciiiiiifMl near I•^'^t Xe;;lev.

RKMINISCENUE OF (II.ASdOW, KY. HY CAPTAIN WIl.LARD
PROCTOH. ro.MPANY I.

I will ucNcr foi;^<-t the march from IJowlin^ <lrrcn
to <;iasj:ow, for, on arrivin;;, mysolf and several others
Avere taken sick and nearly all the hoys who died in
Tompkinsvilh' wcic liisi sirickcn at <Ilas;;ow. \\ In-n
the I{e;:imenl left ihe ordeis Were for all the sick to
lie |mt in and»ulances. hut <'aptain W'adlei^h refused
to have me taken alonj;, as he thoujihl it would he sure
death, so he found a rnion man who consented to lake
i'are of nie. I was cairied lo his hous«' on a str«'lcher
and left there, with Ser;:eant \\'ri;:ht to nurse and care
for me. and with the help of the I'nion family 1 soon
bo;;an to ;,'et lien«r, and was ahle to rejoin the Kei^i-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 359

moot witli a (l<'tail that was sent back from Toiiii)kiiis-
villo for supplies. While in Glasgow a number of
Union ladies came to see me, among them the wife of
Major Wolfort (afterAvard Colonel, and now a member
of Congress). This lady kept me posted as to the move-
ments of the rebels around Glasgow. One day she
said it was ro])ort(Ml Ihat the rebel cavalry was about
to visit ns and juobably we would be gobbled up. I
did not like the idea, but was too sick to be moved.
I accepted her offer to take charge of my arms and
uniform, but the relxds <lid not come and the scare
bh'W over. The house of our friend was a little back
from the main street and one day after I had partially
recovered I proposed to Wright that we go up town,
lie said, "All right," but insisted on carrying his mus-
ket. As we were crossing over the main street some
one shot at ns from anu)ng the buildings, the ball just
missing ns and lodging in the fence at our side. It
made Wright Aery mad, but I told him it must have
been an acci<lent, as we could see no one at tlie time.
We Avere rejoiced to get back to the One Hundred
and Fourth.

THE EXPERIENCE OF COMPANY I IN THE SKIRMISH BEFORE
ATLANTA, JULY 22, 1864. BY CAPTAIN WILLARD PROC-
TOR, COMPANY I.

After the battle of I'each Tree Creek our Brigade
bad the adA^ance on the right of the Fourteenth Corps.
The One Hundred and Fourth w^as leading when we
ai)i)roached the outer Avorks of the enemy around
Atlanta. W> had halted AA'hen an aide-de-camp, as
he Avas supposed to be, rode out of the Avoods and
delivered a verbal order to General Thomas to hurry
up, as the enemy were leaving the city on the other
side. The aide turned and rode back into the Avoods.
General Johnson, our Division Commander, ordered a
skirmish line throAvn out, also a section of Dilgei*'s
("Buckskin's") Battery to advance and see Avhat was in
our front. The rest of the Brigade halted. Soon the
artillery came back. Major Wldmer again had com-

IWn

THK <»NK HLNDHKI- ANI» l-'olKTH

iiiaiKl mI I ill- skiiiiiisli liiu* ami ruiii|iaii\ E of llu* Oik*
lliiiiili-«-i| aii«l I'ourlli lia«l ^«mh' oiii, wliilr ilif irsl of
lilt' K«';:iiiM'iii awailiMl Wt-vclopniciils. Soon, <'o|oii(*l
lIa|M'iiiai) «-aiii<* aloii^ and ^a\ c iiic orders to take ( 'otii-
paiiv I aiitl n-pori to .Major \\i«liinT «»ii tlic skirmish
liiir, which I ilid, although it was not my tnin to ;;o.
1 fonnd th«* Major and h«- jtointrd ont the position 1
was to ofiMipy, fonmMtin-i on iht- ri^ht with thf Fif-
t«M»nth K<'ntn(ky and on th«* hMi with ihr l'<ii i \ s«Mon<l
Indiana. Thf position was in si;;ht of the icIm'! skir-
mish lim- which was on risin;; ;^ronnd lu'ViHid a torii-
iitdd and well proii'ttiMl hy a ft-m** an<l a honst* fnll of
sharpshooter^. I woiihl ha\<- to mar< h my mm
throii;:h thf rointichl in full si;:ht of their line. I
«U'|doycd my mm and adNamed, Init the shot eame so
thick ami fast ihai I saw ai onre ihai i would lost'
half of m\ m< II il I went across, so I i;a\e Mie order,
"l-en face, close orilef on I lie left, march!" This
l»roii;;hi IIS into thi<k hriish and woods, nearly out of
si;iht of the enemy, and in rear of the ri;:lit of the I'oi-
ly-secoiid Indiana skirmishers. I iheii niaii lied niy
in«*n to the lijiht of the l-'oily-second. and ue then went
a<ioss the open space one at a time nntil we con-
iM'ctejl with I he I'ifteenth KenttK-ky lines. We then
made the lust sUiinish pits we could with rails and

dill, I III I U el-e limlel- I lie ejielll \ 's ill e all 1 lie I line. Tilt'

•Major came alon;^ and was satislied with the arryiiLre-
ment. NN'e tried to pay the t'liemy hack for the extra
ironldeihey had ;iiven iis. .Mmhm dark when all was
«|uiei the rehels l>e;xJiii to |»oiir ill a heav\ lire and
atteni|»ted to advance their lines; so sudden and impet-
Moiis was the attack that the lim* on my left ^^ave way
and fell hack to uiir rear; this made my men fear a
Ilank mo\eiiieiii lt\ ihe enemy, Imii I i^axe oidt-is for
<*veiy man to stand to his |»ost. and we held our p<»si-
tion that he ot no credit for it. lint credit was sonie-
lim«* and ajon;; iniM ihe nijrhl. .\fter a tiim- we dis-
covei-ed that the men mi the riLjIit had i:i\en way and

^one III the re;ir. We Were relieved alioill cleNell

o'clock, hill coiild iioi liiid the lie;:imeni, il having

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 361

mov^ed to the riiiht. In the moniiiin' when avc r<\j(»iiied
the lveji,iineiit the FifU^Mith KcmiIikUv was in line near
it and Colonel Taylor was j^ivinji; his men a sharp lec-
ture for leaving' the skirmish line. We Avere com-
mended for holding' the position nnder such discour-
aging circumstances.

RECOLLECTIONS OF UTOY CREEK, GEORGIA. BY CAPTAIN
WILLARD PROCTOR, COMPANY I.

The Ttli of August, 1864, will not be soon forgot-
ten, as on that day the One Hundred and Fourth was
under a severe and heavy tire from the enemy while
advancing its lines and throwing up works in the new
position, losing in the operation several valuable lives
and having a number wounded. ('a])tain Fitzsimmons
was with his comj)any on the skirmish line and had
halted. lie was trying to get the positicui of the enemy
when he was shot in the head and instantly killed.
SergeantAV. TT. Craig, of K, was also killed in rlie same
place and manner a few moments aftei-. iiasset, of B,
Graves, of H, and Winslow, of A, soon fell, and A. 11.
Lane, of D, was mortally wounded. Ten men were
w^ouuded. Rebel sharpshooters did the work. The
works were thrown u]> under a heavy artillery tire and
it was wcu'se than a hornet's nest for a wiiile. Com-
pany K being left without a commissioned otjlcer, Col-
onel Ilapeman ordered me to take charge of the com-
pany for the time. We held our works which we had
built in sight of the rebels. While on the line of Utoy
Creek large numbers of rebel soldiers deserted and
came into our lines. There was an understanding that
w^e should at a certain time advance our lines, while
the rebel soldiers should fire over our heads, so that
it would appear all right to their officers, of whom
they stood in fear. The plan w^as carried out August
13tli. Our line was about a half mile in length. Part
of the line captured was in front of our Brigade, part
in front of the one to our left. The skirmishers from
our Brigade were from the One Hundred and Fourth^
and commanded by Lieutenant Rood, of Company G.

3tt THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

lu tin* afliTiiooii I nli«'V«Ml him wiili auoilu-r «h'tail
from oiir K«'j;im«ut. Hffon* iii^hi au ulVurr «aiin'
aioiiml aii«l «n«liMtM| m«* tj» simhI bark «*v«m\v iliiitl man
III li«-l|» form a lim- in tin* i»*ai-. 1 km-w this poiMfmh'tl
an aiiatk on mv lim* an«l it rann- w iihin an !n»nr. 'Pin-
i*«*h<>ls o|)cii(Mi on ns from a hatlrrv i lose by vn-y heavily
ami kiiockfM ont th*- hrail h>i;s of •>nr rith* )»its. hiii we
h«l<l th«- jiosition. I had two mm woMmh-ti. < Mi the
sam«' day ( Iror^^' Srhw ••ij;aii. of ( 'om|»any K, was kilh'l
and four moit*. mcmhcis of ( 'om|»ani«'s K and D, \vti-.*
^^•onnd^•d. W <• rnnainrd thn-c iiiiiil An^nist LMlili, wiih
skirmishin;; j;<»in;; on daily.

EXTUACT.S FROM CATTAIN LKKIHTON S DIARY AS TO THE
OPERATIONS OF THE ONE HINDRED AND FOIRTH
AROIND DALLAS. I'lMPKIN VINE CREEK. AND NEW
HOPE (MURCH.

May 'JTili. l>ti I. Hk- IJ<';:im<-ni was foniMMl in lin«*
of hall h" a I To i if a. m. W <- movrd I hr<M- mih-s lo ih<- h-fl
al D-ii and halD-d h>n;: ciioiiMh fur dimwr. AfD-r ihai
w«' krpi movinjx. hnl wt-rt' hrhl in n'scivc. Heavy li^hi-
in^ was Lioini; on in oiii* froni all tlay, our forrr.v driv-
in*: ihf i-u.-uiy hark. \\<' lay in a raviiif unlil niuf
p. III., iJM-n w«'r«* ordered u|» and tlouhled<|uiiked lo
rhetk ihe lelu-j advance on our ii;:hl. We had lo uade
I Ml m I d; ill \' i lie ( reek. ; he w aier rtuiiin^ aho\ e oiii- knees
and it was eold. We la\ in line of hallh- all ni;:ht
and shivered fiom i In- w i-i and < <dd. A I i hiee a. in. of
the 'Jsi h. line of hat lie was formed on a ridue east of the
IMimidviii Nine. We had eolTee and al halljiasi four
mo\ed to I he from near i he enemy's hieasl woi-ks. Soi.u
after !no\ed to ihe left two hundred yards and in-
ireiiehed. Ill half all hour the Keuinieiil advam e«l ihiee
hundred yards to .heck the lehels moving: toward ns.
TIm-v drove our skirmislieis hut were checked hy the
lire of two leMiuieuis on oiii- ri^ilit and lied to ihe rear.
We then liuill hreasiworks and lay heliind them all
dav, hut the hiilleis wer«' tlyin;..^ over us every few
nuMuents. The 'JUili was s|ieui within our works,
which we siren;:! heiied in the afternoon as a report
eame that the rebels wiM-e ;;oin^' to advance in ftu-r«».

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 363

At nine p. m. heavy firing began on the skirinish line
and we stood in line ready to receive the enemy, but
they had failed to dislodge the skirmishers and did not
eome. We lay on our arms all niglit. May oOth we
felh^l trees and further streugtheiK'd the breastworks.
Skinuishing- was going on all day and we remained
in liu<' of battle until midnight, then lay down with
accoutrements on and arms by our sides. A shai'p
skirmish was ke]>t up all night. On the 31st brisk skir-
mishing Avas going on at <laylight, and at seven the
rebels drove in our pickets and skirmishers and ad-
vanced boldly for a mile in length, but were repulsed
at every point with heavy loss. 1 rclieA^ed <'a])tain
l^itzsimmons' company on the picket line with Com-
pany A at six. We skirmished with the enemy on the
31st and were relieved from picket on June 1st at six
a. m., when we took our place in line behind the works,
licstod on our arms all day. On June 2<1 we advance<l
by i-ight of companies fii cdicloH and built works three
hundrcMl yards in advance of the former ones. On the
3d the Regiment advanced at eleven. All quiet to-day.
My wound now became so bad that T was removed to a
house, lio])ing to return soon.

Note. — The Captain was sent to the hospital on June 5th and re-
signed September 29th, 1964.

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA AND
THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. BY CAPTAIN
WILLIAM STRAWN, COMPANY F.

The weary two months that we were besieged,
coo])ed up and nearly starved in Chattanooga can never
be forgotten while any soldier lives who endured it.
Many incidents, both comic and serious, occurred. The
Regiment was stationed close up to Fort Negley in plain
view of Lookout Mountain. The rebels often amused
themselves in throwing ten-]^ouud shot at the fort and
us without any serious injury, but we considere<l it
somewhat discourteous. At times the weather was
very bad. The general discomfort of our situation was

U4 THK UNE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

iiiinh relieved l»v the sI«tii (let«*niiiiiati«)n <if all «;:nuk's
of our aniiv ti» Imld on to ilu« ritv that had r«.si us so
Iinirli hIniMl to ai*i|ini-e.

A |ni\at«* ill ('oiii|iaiiy K voiced the uiiiveisal feel-
iiij: ill the fnllMNxiii;: vi;;oitMis si vh-: Some tuie said to
him, "We iiia\ Im« stai\ ed out and roiu|»elhMl to reiieat.*'
lie leplied: "Ndt h\ a d <l si;;ht ; I woiihl lather livr-
on ;;rits tlire«* muullis; it ^^^>s{ ton mucii t«t ^et her»- to
ever ;;i\«' it u|t." This man was tin* rhaiiiitiou ^mwler
oft'oiupaiiv I^, hut t he e\i^«'iuies of the ( ase fuuiul hiiu
ii^lit oil this i|uestio!i. iMiriii;: the siej;e oni«ers. pri-
vates and the jM»or dumh luiites alike sulTered f«ir want
of food. .Men crawled o\fr the ;;round where luuses
and mules had heeii fed to ^^et the chance ;;rains of
corn the animals h:id wasted. Where the sUinny cat-
tle were slaujihlei cd heads snjd foi- i w u dollars and a
half apiece. These wcie scalded like a lion's, so that
e\en the hide was not wasted. The paumh was soused
in iheri\erand Iteiiii: |Uepar«*d was considered an esp«*-
ciallx dainty morsel. I have eaten poi'tions of altout

• •vi'iy part <d a 1 f. e\cc|it i he horns and hoefs, and

all was ;: I. The days seemed huijier and ;:;r«'W more

inonoioiious. The u|i|>erm(»st thouuhl was how to ^et
soniei hiiiL: to cat. The animals had lo l»c ^^uarded while
eatin;; the few eais of corn allowed tiuMu. I i <(|iuiii jy
a man came hack with an eai- tU' tw»» of (uni. I'ti olTci-
him a <juarier ft>r half of it would he tti insult him.
lie mi;:lit ;:ive it to a cttmrade, howe\er. The cnni had
heeii fora^'ed from a mule, of course, hut a luan was
of mole value than a mule. .\i last w lu-u (irani and
Sherman arrived our spirits he^an to rise. IMnally
Sln-rman's army was reitorted crossin;^ tin* river alio\e
the citx and Hooker closin;^ in on Lookout .Mouuiain.
On Noveiuher L'lih the spiteful soundin;: canii"»ii ou
Moccasin Point he;,Mn to jday on i.o«dvtuit. ( Mir Brigade
and most <if the jiiiiy was in line of hattle with little

to do except watch llo(dver dri\e (he lelicls aTouild

til" jtoint td Lookout. There was rain and mist on the
side of the mountain mixin;: with the smoke of liaitle.
We f.-lt like holdiii" our hieMihs while hoili friend and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 365

foe were liiddeii by it. The eombatauts were three
miles off, but we saw the enemy suUeiily retreating;
then cheer after cheer went up from our army in the
city. Late in the afternoon our lirigade, which had been
sent to relieve Hooker, crossed Chattanooga Creek and
climbed the side of Lookout by whiitever supp(jrt we
could get from brush, sai)lings and rocks. About ten
we tiled into Hooker's lines and a desultory firing was
kept up until midnight. Only a few men of our Bri-
gade were wounded. We had little rest or shn^j) that
night. In the uu)riiiug we beheld the i^tars and Stripes
waving over the summit of Lookout and learned that
the enemy had retired to Mission Ilidge. The Regiment
in marching over the field saw some of our dead foes
lying where they had fallen or in the shelter of rocks,
where they had crept to die. We soon after descended
to the valley and at about four p. m. of the 2.jth partici-
pated in the grand charge on Mission Kidge.

CIlAl'TKi: WIN

T»H- Fl.-I.l and Slufr-Non-Comml8el<'ii. a Man it- ^-f i '•■'

COLON KL AIJSALOM B. MOORE. Colonel Moore was l>«ni m
New J.-nM-v. but it has bti-n imiK)s«lbIo to obtain the date of h R
birth or. Indee.J. any fa« ts In ..Rani to his career prcvlou.s to his
advent In IlllnolK. H«'fore the war he was in the employ of the
Illinois Central Uailroad Company, and about that time also, wa«
known a« a local preacher In the Methodist Kpiscopal Church He
first iM'came prominent in ]^i Salle County In the oxcltinK i>olltical
campaign of isf.o. HelnK nominated by the Republican party for
the offl.e of Clerk of the Circuit Court, he made an active canvass on
the stump and was electe.l by a large majority. Thereafter he pos-
Msse.l for some vears a power In county politics that outlived his
militarv career. When the One Hundred and Fourth Regiment wa«
recruited he became a candidate for the colonelcy and was elec ted
over his brilliant competitor. Oliver C. C.ray. by a large majorit>-^
Was commissioned Colonel, .\ugust 27. IS.IJ. The facts in r^^gar*' »<>
his militarv service will be found In the general history of the Re^.1-
n.ent an.l nee.l not be repeated here. Colonel Moore resigned hep-
tember •♦ is.;3 returned home and resumed his duties as Circuit
Clerk On the expiration of his term of office, he was elected Clerk
of the Countv Court for four years. He subsequently removed to
Chicago an.lhel.l a minor appointment under the Federa (-ov^rn-
ment He die,l June 7. ls7;». The remains were conveyed to Cltta^a
an escort from Cashman l^dge. A.. K. and A. Masons, and buried
n the Ottawa Avenue CVmetery. June 1.. 1S79. by Occidental Ix)dge.
No 40 \ F and A. Masons, of which the .lecea.sed was a member.
C-olonelMoore was a man who had many friends and some enemies
bu was possesse.l of a warm heart and never turned a deaf ear to
,he crv ofTstress. He was also noted in the .lays of his prosperity
for manv benefactions that are still remembered.

cIhoNKL DorCH.AS HAPKMAN. Colonel Hapemnn was born
,„ Fph .tab. Fulton County, N. Y.. January 15. 1839 and descended
rotn ennanv ancestry. In 184r. the family removed to Illinois and
sl-a led in thetownship of Karl, I.a Salle County, where young Hape-
man remained on his father's farm until he was ten years of age
At Oie Ke of thirteen he entered the ofll.e of the "Free Tra.ler at
Cmawa ?o tm he printers tra.le. Applying himself falthfu ly
lur ng the foUowlng years the outbreak of the Rebellion found him
thoroughlv verse.l in all the .letalls of business In what was then

largest newspaiH-r and publlhhlng house In the county an.l master

wS he inten.led Hb..ul.l be hIs life vocation. While thus em-

, oved In the "Art preservative of all arts" the thunders of Sumter s

. innon awoke the Nation from its .leluslve dreams of peace and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 36r

ushered in the Great Rebellion. Closely following came the call to
arms, and anmng the hundreds of thousands of ifyS patHot^c and
brave stood young Hapeman. He enlisted April 14 861 o three
months- service in what became Company H Eleventh Illinois n^
w^ J;/ ',^S'"^^"t first commanded by the immortal WH L
Wallace, who impressed upon it the character of his own mil tar^
genius, skill and bravery, and made every member proud to sav
ant of'Sfr'n" "" Eleventh." Hapeman was elected LcondLeu en:
ant of his company and commissioned April 23 1861 The Eleven h
was stationed at Villa Ridge, 111., watching the enemv ac^-oss the
river and making occasional marches upon rumors of his approach
but vas m no engagements larger than a skirmish. Under the sldUed
harid of General Wallace and Lieutenant-Colonel T. EG Ransom
(afterward the distinguished general and commander of divisions
and army corps), the Eleventh attained that high .legree of mi li a??

am SM;U li;rth'"'' "'?■*' Imperishable'^renoSn at DoneSon
j^il ^'i/loh. Upon the expiration of the three months' service the
Eleventh was recruited and re-enlisted for three vears. Lieutenant

iergrtVdTrv"3oSsr/'H """^ '^'^ ^'^--» commS!

oeing dated .Jul.v 30, 1861. He participated in all the various marches

ot lc.(.l and 1862. Expeditions were made into Missouri, resulting in
afsn n^4''' Charleston and Bloomfield. Lieutenant Hap7man was
also in the reconnoissance under General Grant to Columbus Kv^ He
participated in the advance on Fort Henrv in Fel° an 18^^^^^

n^nv at Fo^H'n'' f°'' ""'' ""T''"' ""^' '''''' '^ commancVof h rcom-
pan> at Fort Donelson on the l.^th, 14th and 1.5th of Februarv 1S69
vvhere the Eleventh lost in killed and wounded 339 men Lm Lieu:
tenant Hapeman's companv 42 men The Re^impnf TJ^
ered itself with glory, but was destined to win s H Shter auiel^
at Shiloh April 6 and 7. 1862. Its losses there were Sv fiftv ne,
cent Fol owing the fortunes of the Eleventh, we next hear of
Lieutenant Hapeman at the siege of Corinth, Miss., where he held
a field position as Adjutant of the Regiment. Meantime in far
away Illinois, the One Hundred and Fourth Infantry was orglniS
n La Salle County. The fame of the Eleventh and the gallant- o
its officers and men was well known to the people of the c?unt^ from
which many of them had enlisted. In the nionth of Auguir 186^
Lieutenant Hapeman, then in the field was unexnecteHiv^^' l '
self, tendei-ed the position of Lieutenant-cXneroT he One h,-'^^^^^^^
and Fourth, the crack regiment of the county. He accepted va^
discharged for promotion.'" returned home, was commissioned Lief
tenant-Colonel for gallant services in the field AiTuTt S 1869 anri
mustered October 3d. On September 6. 1862, tht Se Hun S and
Fourth Lieutenant-Colonel Hapeman commanding (Colonel Moo^-e
being sick . left for the front at Louisville, near wh!ch the Re-fn^eit
remained for about five weeks in various camps. Majo wrdmer no
arriving until October, the task of teaching ine thousand newind
mosly raw Officers and men the rudiments of militar Hfe HU ?nd
discipline, fell upon Lieutenant-Colonel Hapeman vL- Margelv he
being the only experienced field officer present. That he then and -fl
ways, devoted himself and his energies to the interests nfihro
Hundred and Fourth, is well known. %ut events we' rhLtenint Jnd
General Bragg thi.ndering at the gates of Louisville. In Octobef thl
One Hundred and Fourth, still but imperfectly drilled, began its long-

3(8 THE ONE HL'NDRED AND FOURTH

iMTieH of nmrrhpn. tamimlKHh ami baltles, first followiiii,' HraRB to-
ward PerryvUle and with oiIlt Hoops. o<tu|>> ii»K Fninkforl. the
capital of Kfnttirkv. Th.- U.-Ktmeul i.Mnaln»-d Hum.- boiiu- time and
Colontd Moore being appolntt-d to .ommand the Thirty-ninih Hri-
gade Lieutenant-Colonel Hapeman «omnianded the One Hundred
and Fourth, employintc all the time pow*il.le in drillins it. 1 he
Uegiujent Koon after l.enan the niar.h to Itowlinn (;reen and the
TenneHs.-*- .amiwilKn. Lieutenant-Colonel Hapeman eomman.led the
One Hun.lred and Fourth in the Imtlle of Harlsville with lourane
and skill diduK all that a brave soldier eould .lo to win sueeess.
Hut he with the tomniand. became prisoners of war. and he waj
eonfined In prison at Atlanta and Rhhmond for some months, lleing
releas.«d in the spring of lx«;3. he rejolne.l the HeKiment at Hieni-
wood Tenn May 21st. The One Hundred and Fourth was ordend
to MurfreeslHiro soon after and asslgne.l to •nKlitlnn" (Jen.-ral JoMi
Ik-attvs Hrlgade (First Urlgade. Second Divlhion. Fourteenth Army
Corps Armv of the Cumberlamll. The Tullahoma campaign was
on the eve of opening and Lleuieiumt -Colonel llaiMinan pariuipated
In It b«'lng pr.senl at KIk Kiver ami wherever hghling oc< urred.
Uo t^k part in the Chlckamauga campaign and was in the remark-
able action of Davis Cross Roads. September H. \M:1 Colonel Moore,
who had resigned some time previous, left the Regiment on t he 1. h
and Lieutenant-Colonel Hapeman succeeding him. commanded the
One Hundred and Fourth In the great battle of Chlckamauga. Sep-
tember ruth and I'oih. and the engagements of the Jlst. near Uoss-
vllle For meritorious services there he was commissioned ( olonel
of the Regiment in September. Colonel Hapeman was In the siege
of Chattanooga, cheerfully enduring all the privations of that tiylng
time onlv solicitous for the welfare of his men. but the boys claim
that "the Colonels favorite horse sometimes lost an ear of corn from
his s<antv allowance so great was their hunger. In the battles of
lx)okout .Mountain and Mission Rl.lge. the One Hundre.l an.l lourlh
was le.l bv Colonel Hapeman with a distinguished bravery and skill
that was remarked. In the latter battle he Inspired his men both
bv words an«l example to the great deeds that followed and crowned
e;erv man with a wreath of glory. Following that battle. ( olonc
Hapeman led the Regiment In pursuit of Mraggs fleeing army and
was engaged at C.ravsviHe and Ringgold. In the Atlanta campaign,
becinning Mav 2 ls»;4. Colonel Hiipeman commanded the One Hun-
•ire.l and Fo.irth In the four months of marches, skirmishes and
battles and there was sel.lom a day when he was not under ttre.
He was present at Ro.ky Face, the terrific battles at Resaca. the
engagements on I'umpkln Vine Creek, near Dallas, and the battles
around New Hope Church; the siege and battles around Kenesnw
Mountain and the actions on the Chattahoochee. At the bloody battle
of I'each Tree Creek. Julv 20. 18»;4. when one-half of the right wing
of the Regiment had been killed an.l wounded an<l further disaster
Kr.eme,l Imminent. Colonel Hap.-man. ably supportd by Major W.d-
mer rallied the remainder of th.- Regiment and hurled It upon the
foe in vlctorv One of the boys who had his right shoulder shat-
tered there siivs m a letter to the writer: "His (Colonel Hapeman s)
conduct on that occasion showed him to have been the bravest of
the brnve'" Captain Strawn sjild to the writer about this buttle:
"We ha«l beconie so accustome«l to the coolness of our field ofilcers
that no demorullwitlon occurred." From that time, we find Colonel

Major John H. Widmer

FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN 1894.

REGIMF:XT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 369

Hapenian commanding the demi-brigade, or left wing, and leading it
in the siege of Atlanta, the almost daily assaults and advances;
those where the One Hundred and Fourth suffered greatest loss
being the actions on Utoy Creek, August 7 and 14, 1864. He was
present at Jonesboro — the last battle of the campaign, and Atlanta
falling, marched his gallant veterans in proud triumph to that city,
where Colonel Hapeman was ordered to take command of the
Brigade, September 8, 1864. For his eminent services in the Atlanta
campaign, Colonel Hapeman should have been appointed a brigadier-
general. The least effort on his part would have secured the prize
that scores of far less able and less deserving officers fiantically
grasped for and in many instances obtained. But Colonel Hapeman
instead of running off to Washington to scheme for promotion, re-
remained with his Brigade. He commanded the Brigade in the pursuit
of Hood, and until November 8. 1864, when Colonel Hobart returning,
assumed command by virtue of seniority of rank, and Colonel Hape-
man thereafter commanded the demi-brigade on the march to the
sea and in the siege of Savannah. In the latter, as shown elsewhere,
the spirit of enterprise and daring exhibited by the officers and men
of the One Hundred and Fourth was conspicuous and resulted in a
Brigadier's star for Colonel Hobart, a very worthy soldier, but the
scales of justice would have been more evenly balanced had another
been bestowed on Hapeman and corresponding rewards on others.
Savannah having fallen. Colonel Hapeman, leaving the Regiment in
charge of Major Widmer, went home on a brief absence, but owing
to unavoidable causes, was unable to rejoin the command in the
campaign of the Carolinas until it arrived near Raleigh. He was
thus enabled to be present at the closing scenes in the death throes
of the Rebellion and Johnston's surrender. The war v.'as over and
Colonel Hapeman marched with the remnant of his battle-scarred
veterans to Washington, where he participated in the fitting
triumphal scene — the Grand Review of the vast armies of the Union
in the Nation's capital. Being mustered out June 6. 1865, Colonel
Hapeman returned to his home at Ottawa, 111., immediately resumed
his connection with the "Free Trader" as a partner, and also estab-
lished a book and stationery business, which is now the largest in
the city. In 1867 he was united in marriage to Miss Ella, daughter
of William and Phoebe Thomas. A son and daughter blessed this
union. The Colonel, besides his own business, is president, or man-
ager, of several solid business corporations in Ottawa, active in all
public business enterprises, but not inclined to politics. He is a
prominent and active worker in the Masonic Fraternity, the Loyal
Legion, and the Grand Army of the Republic. His business career,
which has been successful, bears a striking resemblance in method
to his course in the army, strictly business-like, careful and sure,
without ostentation. But there were occasions during the war, when
unusual dangers threatened, amid the roar of battle, the rain of lead
and iron, with brave men falling like autumn leaves, that Colonel
Hapeman showed a promptness of action equal to the demand, with-
out losing those qualities of courage, coolness, and calm judgment
that mark the true soldier and commander.

MAJOR JOHN H. WIDMER. Major Widmer was born in Wayne
County, Ohio, and came to Illinois sometime previous to the war.
That event found him engaged in the practice of law at Ottawa, 111.
Upon the fall of Sumter. Major Widmer. then twenty-five or twenty-

JTU .1.. NK HlNlUtKlJ ANI* KtU'RTH

hlx >.ars of am-, was on.- of thf flrsl to n'spond to the cull of Govirnor
Ya^.•^ for thr»-«' inonthH' volunti-frs. ami enlisHMl April IK. IM'I. as u
pruat.- Ill faiitaiii William L. iJibHoiis ConipHiiy 1. of CU-neral \V. H.
L Wallarf « IteKimi-nt, tlu* fuiuouK Klevonth IIUiioIk Infiiutry. I'lKin
tlif »'Xpirution of the thre*' montht*' iwrvlre. he. and (Jreeiibury 1..
Fort, of luti-on. III.. rtH-rulted the lompuny for three years' Hervite.
Port WHK eleeted ('aiMaiu and Widnier First Lieutenant, his eommlB-
slon being dated September 1. IKGl. Lieutenant Widmer participated
Id the variouK movenuMitK ami enKaRementH of theKleveiilh in the fall
of ISfil and winter of \M.i. AmouR these w.-re the expedilioiis to
rharlehton and Mloomfleld. Mo . the re<oiinoissaii< «• umler Cem-ral
Grant, to t'olumbus, Ky.. and tin* advance on Fort Henry in Kebru-
nrv. At the uiveHtmeiit and battli- of Tort Donelsoii. February iL'tli.
13ih. Uth and l.'ith. Lieutenant Widmer (•onimaiide<l the lompany
with bniverv. skill and credit, and for meritorious services there,
was commissioned captain April :;4. 1X02. He continued to serve with
the Kleventh until In September. 1801'. when he received a telegram
askliiK If he would accept the position of Major In a new reRlmenl
organized In Iji Salle County. The jKisltlon was wliollv unsouRlit by
him. but he replied that he would accept. The Kbveiith was then
about starting on an exiiedltion. from which it returned from Fort
Henrv In two weeks. There. Captain Wi(lnnr leceiv.-d a special
order from the War Department, discharging him from the Kleventh.
"for promotion." He at once set out for the "New Regiment." the
On*- Hundred an.l Fourth. Joining it at Louisville. Ky. The Majors
reputation as an officer and fighter had prece<led him. and on ar-
rival, he met with a warm reception from the One Hundred and
Fourth.* From that time until the close of the war, Major Widmer
participated in every skirmish, battle and campaign in which the
One Hundred ami Fourth was engaged. He was in the Kentucky
campaign and battle of Hartsville. Tenn.. where he was taken
prlson»'r and confined at Atlanta and in Llbby Prison for
several months. but was released In April, 18t'.3, and
rejoined the Regiment at Brentwoo«l, Tenn., In time
to participate in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns and the actions of Fllk River. Davis Cross Roads, and the
battle of Chickamauga. He was In the skirmishes following the lat-
ter battle and rendered valuable services on the picket lines during
the siege of Chattanooga. He took an active part in the battles of
Ix)okoiit Mountain an.l Mission Ridge, an.l the pursuit of the enemy,
resulting in skirmishes at (Jiaysville and Taylors Ridge. Hut the
.jiiallti.-s that marked Major Widmer as an otficT of superior ability,
cooln.ss and bia\ei v. were more fully di'V.dope.l In the Atlanta cam-
paign lis banl.'s and engagements, extending over four months.
Coh.n.l Hap.nian being always jiresent. and In command of the
R.-Kim<nt .Major Wiilmt-r. as an extra field ofllcer In It. was more fre-
.lu.nilv on th- skirmish Uiw than any other one man In the One
Hundri-l and Fourth, and If more than one company was sent out
.tlwi.vs Mc.ompanie.l th«' detail. He was always In splendid physical
Mon and was called uiion oftener than any other om<er to take
. of brlga<b- and division skirmish lines and detachments. Ah
K,i. t, h«- cam.- on duty neaily every other day from the opening of
the campaign lb'- .Major came to love that kind of fighting, an.l
when the rlfie balls were singing merrily and everything going cm
right was In his element an.l in^rfectly undisturbed. This cjuallty

Adjutant Rufus C. Stevens.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 371

generally enabled him to be successful in planting his line where it
was ordered. But as he himself says, his success was almost wholly
due to his brave boys. He and they soon found out that there was a
big difference between line of battle fighting and skirmishing. In
the former, the soldier is part of a machine, and is seldom called
upon to exercise his judgment; in the latter his individuality plays a
prominent part. This trait was a marked characteristic of the men
of the One Hundred and Fourth and the other regiments from which
the details were made, and they soon took to skirmishing like ducks
to water, naturally. The Major took care to give both officers and
men his full confidence by telling them what he wished to accom-
plish. In short, he had confidence in them and they in him. We find
in the great war history, "The Rebellion Records," numerous com-
pliments paid to the bravery, ability and success of Major Widmer
in his conduct of the skirmish lines in the Atlanta campaign. His
daring act in boldly entering the enemy's line of rifle pits on Utoy
Creek, alone, in broad daylight, and its consequences, will be found
narrated elsewhere. Always ready for duty every day and hour of
the campaign, he was in the engagements at Buzzard Roost, the
battles around Resaca, the engagements on Pumpkin Vine, around
Dallas, and at New Hope Church; the numerous battles at Kenesaw
Mountain, and the bloody battle of Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864,
where the whole right wing of the One Hundred and Fourth was
almost annihilated by a fierce attack in flank, but the bleeding
fragments and the left wing, held firm and launched in victorious
assault on the enemy, by the coolness and bravery of Hapeman and
Widmer. Said one of the boys: "I expected to see them shot forty
times." Following Peach Tree Creek came the siege of Atlanta, and
the fierce six weeks of almost daily fighting or skirmishing in front
of the city and on the line of Utoy Creek, and the battle of Jones-
boro. In all, Major Widmer was an active participant. Atlanta
being won, Colonel Hapeman thereafter commanding the Brigade,
or demi-brigade, the Major commanded the One Hundred and Fourth
on the march to the sea and at the siege of Savannah. At the latter
place he. aided by some daring officers and men of the One Hun-
dred and Fourth, performed some acts, narrated elsewhere, that placed
the stars of a general on other shoulders. But it is believed by the
writer that neither Hapeman nor Widmer were fighting for stars —
except those of the Star Spangled Banner. Major Widmer com-
manded the Regiment in the campaign of the Carolinas, and in the
last battle, that of Bentonville, N. C, showed his accustomed skill
and bravery in fighting vastly superior numbers without proper aid
or support. The war was over and Major Widmer. who had enlisted
at the sound of the first gun from Sumter, and remained in service
through over four long years, marched with the command to Wash-
ington, where, after taking part in the Grand Review, he sheathed a
sword that had always been worn with honor and never grown
rusty from disuse, returned home and prepared to follow the pur-
suits of peace. For a time he was engaged in the lumber business,
but about 1869, resumed the practice of law at Ottawa, 111., in partner-
ship with Hon. Henry Mayo. He has been eminently successful and
stands verv high among the legal fraternity and his fellow citizens.

AD.IUTANT RUFUS C. STEVENS. Rufus C. Stevens was born
in Cabot. Caledonia County, Vermont. April 5, 1824. His parents
were of English descent. When he was thirteen years old. the

tn THE ONE HLNL»UEl> AND FuCHTH

family removed to New Hampshire. In 1S40, young Stevens decided
to l.arii ihf printtTH tradf, and entered tlie olllce of the •"Herald
of Freedom. " at L'onrord. In ISVJ, lie went to California, via Cape
Horn, landed in San KranriHro, and wuh enKaK^'il in KliovelinK
■and at fifty centu an hour. Subuequeutly, with E. C. Webster and
othi-rh. he went to dlKKiiiK for Rohl. He returned to New Hampshire
in ls51. purrhased a m-wKpapfr and published it until iSoT. In the
nif.iiiilinc he was a ivp««*sentative in the State LeglKlature two terms.
Ill I^.'.T h»' removed to Illinois, settling at Im SalW-. and with E. C.
W tlihlt-r. published the "IMess"' until August. IMIL', wh«Mi In- received
tlu' iippolntnuMit of .Vdjutant of tin- ()n«' Hundred and Fourth Hegi-
ment. and was eommissloned August 1:7, \ht\'2. In all the following
years of the war he served with his coniniand In all its marrhes. bat-
llej* and campaigns, exhibiting a courage and endurance that m-ver
falt«Ted and gained him the love and confidence of all. He came to
be known as "Old Steve" among the boys, who soon discovered that
in him were united the (|ualitles of the true soldier— un(1in<-liing
bravery and kindness of heart in time of sufTering. Adjutaut
Stevens participated in the Kentucky cam])aign and the battle of
Hartsville. Tenn. There he was severely wounded in the leg and
unfit for duty several months, but recovering, in April. 1S<.;{, he
marched with the Regiment to the front an<l was in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, and
the battle of Chickamauga. September ly and 20. 1M>3, and the en-
gagement of the 21st at Rossville. He endured the siege of Chatta-
nooga and took part in the battles of Lookout .Mountain and .Mission
Ridge, and the pursuit of Hragg's fieeing columns to Graysville and
Ringgold. In the Atlanta campaign. .Adjutant Stevens participated
in every action and battle of the Regiment, being present at Huzzard
Roost, of Rocky Face, the battles around Resaca. the series of eii-
gagi'iiieiits on the I'umiikin Vine, in the vicinity of Dallas and New
Hope Church. He was in the fierce confiicts around Kenesaw and the
bloody battle of Peach Tree Creek; at the siege of .Atlanta and the
several actions on the line of I'toy Creek; the battle of Jonesboro.
He took part in the pursuit of Hood, wa.s on the march to the sea. and
at the siege of Savannah. His career of military s«'rvice was rounded
up in the campaign of the Carolinas an«l at the battle of Bentonville.
where he was again wounded quite severely, but woubl not leave the
field. From tlu're he went to Washington, where, after taking part
in the (;ran<l Review, he returned home. .Soon after he was ap-
pointed revenue inspector of the Si.Mh District and held the ofllcc
for two years. He was then in the grain business until on Webster
becoming postmaster at I^i Salle, he edited the "I'reHS." He was
elected sheriff of the county in 187ti, and re-elected in l.s"S. .After
this he became editor of the Ottawa "(Jlobe," but subsequently moved
to .Minnesota, bought and edited the "Tribune," of .\lorris. .As an
editor he rose rai»idly into prominence in that section of the stale
and bore an im|K)rtant part in the public afTalrs of the district. Hut
old age was creeping on, his old wounds troiibleil him and indined
other iroubleH, whi«h leHUlte.l in his death, February 17, iS'.t.?. The
/rim veieniii wh«» had faced Hhot and shell on so many battli>fields oT
the relndlion, unmoved, had to yield to the con((iieinr of all, at last,
and he did so with a calmness and ileterminatlon that showed the
Roman Saxon t\pe of character in which In* was molded. He left
aa a noble heritage to hiii family and friends, a record as a man and

/^

a^-i^^

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 373

soldiei-, that will be long remembered, while the men of the One
Hundred and Fourth, as long as one survives, will never forget, or
have other than nleasant memories of "Old Steve."

QUARTERMASTER EDWARD L. HERRICK. Edward L. Her-
rick was appointed Quartermaster and commissioned August 23,1862.
The writer has been unable to obtain any data in regard to his place
of birth, but remembers him as a bright young man before the war,
engaged in the offices of circuit and county clerks of La Salle County,
as a deputy.* He was an expert penman and good business man.
Considerable surprise was manifested when he suddenly appeared
with a commission. He served through the war as Quartermaster,
and like all that genus, had to stand considerable cussing at times
when the rations were short or of poor quality. He was mustered out
June 6, 1865, and returning to Ottawa, engaged in business, but was
employed in the court house at the time of his death, which occurred
some years ago.

SURGEON REUBEN F.DYER. Surgeon Dyer was born in Strong,
Maine, .January 29, 1833. Members of the family had been prominent
in the Revolutionary War. Young Dyer, after receiving a good edu-
cation, studied medicine in Maine and afterward in Cincinnati,
graduating there from the American Medical College in 1856. He
came to Newark, 111., and settled down to the practice of medicine.
When Fort Sumter fell, April 14, 1861. Dr. Dyer enlisted the same
day and raised a company of which he was elected captain. This
w^as mustered into the service of the United States as Company K,
Twentieth Illinois Infantry. Captain Dyer went with it to the front
and took part in the engagements of the Regiment, the first being at
Fredericktown, Mo. Captain Dyer and his company won renown by
moving on in advance of the Regiment, capturing a battery and
spiking the guns. He was in the advance on Fort Henry and fought
at Donelson, Company K occupying and holding an advanced positiou
and fighting with heroic valor. Subsequently. Captain Dyer resigned
for the purpose of entering the medical staff. In the summer of 1862,
when the calls were made for more troops, he was the first one to
take action in the matter of raising a new regiment from La Salle
County, and had hand bills printed calling for a meeting. Captain
Johnson Misner and Oliver C. Gn-ay were identified with him in the
movement. Delays and changes occurred, but the initiative thus
taken resulted in the organization of the One Hundred and Fourth.
Dr. Dyer was appointed surgeon, his commission being dated August
25, 1862. Thereafter he was continuously on duty until the close of
the war. After the battle of Hartsville. Tenn., he remained there,
and at Gallatin, in charge of the wounded, and established at the
latter place an army hospital (No. 14), that was a model of its kind.
The Regiment having been ordered to Camp Douglas, Dr. Dyer re-
joined it in February, 1863, taking along with him the wounded men
of the One Hundred and Fourth who were able to go. When the
Regiment returned to the front in April, 1863. and set out on the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns. Surgeon Dyer accompanied
it and was fully occupied, especially after the great battle of Chicka-
mauga, when thousands of wounded and sick required attention.
After the battle of Mission Ridge Surgeon Dyer organized another
hospital, of which he had charge. In preparation for the Atlanta
campaign, he was directed to organize a brigade field hospital,
which was subsequently merged into a division hospital. He was

»4 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

optTHiur for tin* Fir«l lirit;a(lf. Firnt DiviKloii. and on the fall of At-
lanta, waii (Iftallfi) ati Hurgeou of the FirMt DivlKioii. Fourteciith Army
Corpii. lie wan on the uiarcb to the wa, ami after tlie fall of
Savannah, wa8 artint; medical director on the staff of (leneral Jeffer-
son C iMvlit. holdinK the i>ot(ttlon till the close of the war. He was
mustered out June ti. lKij5. and returned to Ottawa, 111., and has
practiied there since as a physician and surK*'oii. It is hard to ap-
prei latf. or to form any pro|M'r and Just estimate of the invaluable
^l«•r\l^t•^ jM-rformed by SurRtHin Dyer during his army <*areer. but to
UUilersland liow he stood in the eslliiiation «)f the men of the One
Huudred and Fourth, it is only necesMiry to ask those who are still
alive, and came under his care, or witness«*d his labors.

FIRST ASSISTANT SlUCKON JIMIS A. FREKMAN. Dr.
Kr«'eman was born in Worcester. Otsego County. New York, and was
thirty-four years of age at enlistment. He was then practicing
medicine. He was commissioned and mustered into the service
August 25, IKGl', and Joined the One Hundred an<l Fourth at Frank-
fort. Ky.. niar<-hed with it to Hartsville. Tetui., and rendered valu-
able services there during ami after the battle in caring for the
wounded. WIhmi the Regiment nMurned to the front at Nashville
iu IS(>3, he was taken si<-k. went to hospital and resigned July 13.
1863. He afterward served as surgeon in the .\rmy of the Potomac.
la now a i>hvsician and surgeon at .Millington. 111.

SKIONI) ASSISTANT SIROEON THO.MAS U. HAMILTON.
Dr. Hamilton was born in Ohio, but removing to Wenona. 111., was a
pnu-ticing physician an«l surgeon there when the <all came for GOO.OtMJ
more. We have been unable to obtain much of his record, but ho
must have been about tweiity-tlve years old in ls<>2. F]nlisting as a
private In Company H. he ri'palred to the camp at Ottawa, but was.
on the organization of the Reginieiit. appointed second assistant sur-
geon and commission(>d August 21. ls<il.'. In the Kentucky campaign
he marched with the command to Frankfort aiul then<e to Raton
Station, where be was detailed to take charge of the sick, who were
sent to Bowling (Jreen. Ky.. and ptil in hospital, where he was em-
ployed for some time. The doctor was very popular with the bo>8
and in the s«<rvlce mostly in hosjiitals. until he was himself stricken
down with dls«»as«*. He died at Nashville. Tenn.. .March 17. iStJu.
HiB untimely death was regretted by all who knew him.

CHAPLAIN WILLIA.M C. SCllOFIKLD. This gentleman's name
does not ap|M-ar on the muster rolls nor in the .\djutant (lenprars
report, as chaplain of the One Hundred ami Fourth, nevertheless, he
served as such until after Hartsville, though never commissioned.
While with the Regiment he performed som«' useful services. He
was formerlv pastor of the First Congn'galioiuil Church in Ottawa.

CHAPLAIN WILLIA.M C. F. HK.MPSTEAD. Enlisted as a pri-
vate in Conjpauy I. .\ugust 12, lsi;2; appointed First Sergeant. He
watt promoted and commissioned chaplain in the spring of 1S(')3. and
wan with the Regiment until his resignation. September 1. 1SG3. He
has b<*4*n dejid s^)me years.

NON-CO.MMISSIONEI) STAFF.

SER(;EANT-.MAJ0R gllNCV n. WHIT.MA.N Ilorn in Huron
County, Ohio, age at enlistment 3t;; occupation l)ookk«'e|»er; enlisted
from Ottawa, August 1», ls»i2. In Company E. Was promoted Ser-
geant-MaJor. He parti<-ipaled lu the Kentucky campaign and tho

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 375

battle of Hartsville; the Tiillahoma and Chickaniauga campaigns, at
Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. He
was in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the
Atlanta campaign he was present at Buzzard Roost, the battlea
around Resaca, the engagements on the Pumpkin Vine and in the
vicinity of Dallas and New Hope Church; the battles around Kenesaw
Mountain; the battle of Peach Tree Creek; the siege of Atlanta, the
actions on Utoy Creek and the battle of Jonesboro. He also took part
in the pursuit of Hood, was on the march to the sea and at the siege
of Savannah. His honorable career of service was completed in the
campaign of the Caiolinas and at Bentonville. Mustered out June
6, 1865, and returned to Ottawa, 111. He subsequently removed to
Iowa and engaged in business. Is now quartermaster-sergeant of the
Soldiers' and Sailors" Home, Quincy, 111.

QUARTERMASTER-SERGEANT ASHER D. GIBSON. Enlisted
from Mission, La Salle County, August 15, 1862, in Company G; ap-
pointed First Corporal, but on the organization of the Regiment pro-
moted Quartermaster-Sergeant and served most efficiently until the
close of the war. Mustered out June 14, 1865. When last heard
from he lived in California.

COMMISSARY-SERGEANT AUSTIN H. FOWLER. Enlisted
August 5. 18C2, in Company H; was appointed Second Sergeant, but
soon promoted Commissary-Sergeant and filled the position accept-
ably, always doing his best to furnish the boys with Uncle Sam's
rations, supplemented with whatever extra supplies could be drawn
from the enemy when foraging became the order of the day. Mus-
tered out June 6, 1865.

HOSPITAL STEWARD JOHN W. CUPPY. Enlisted August 13,

1862, and served faitlifully until August 1, 1863, when he was dis-
charged for disability. The Regiment regretted to have him go.
Said to be living in Steubenville. Ohio, but numerous letters have re-
mained unanswered, hence no full record can be given.

HOSPITAL STEWARD LUTHER S. SLYDER. Enlisted in
Company K, August 13, 1862; promoted hospital steward August 1,

1863, upon the discliarge of John W. Cuppy. Mustered out June 6,
1865. Said to be living in Iowa. No answer to many letters request-
ing record.

PRINCIPAL MUSICIANS.

David McCampbell. William Raymond, Joseph G. Wheat and
Joseph Lewis, who went out with the Regiment as musicians, have
been noticed as fully as the records will admit in the rosters of the
respective companies to which they belonged. Many changes oc-
curred in the "music" and the "band" of the One Hundred and
Fourth, which the historian has endeavored to bring to light by
appeals to Frank Stire, the Edwards, and others, but without suc-
cess. It is of record, however, that Wheat and one other member of
the Regiment threw away their instruments and seized the musket
by preference.

("ii.\n"i:i: .\xi\'

Company A— How aiul Whor** f>rKanlzed— Router and Blogra-

r " -StMllHllcH.

SKETCH OF COMPANY A.

S.M.ii ;ifi«T iln- «all of l'n*si«l<Mi! LiiHMln f..i- ••tiuii.iHio
iiiun-," itM-niitino; fur a m-w n-jiiiiu-nt Immmiiu* a<iiv«* in
La Salli' < 'oiiiit \ ami Moses ( >siiiaii, .laiin's M. Leij^liton,
A. I'H'stoit, aihl otln'i-s lM*i;aii enlist iiiij men for a « om-
l»aiiv. I>v Ai|o||si ir>, isriL', a siinirieiii inimlier had l>eeii
eiiroljt'tl ami t he <om|taiiy was organized hv the elect i«>u
of .lames M. I.eii:hioii. ms ('a|ttain, Moses Osiiiaii First
Lieutenant. AI|ihoiiso I'lescott Sectunl Lieutenant. The
iion-<oiumissione(| ofhceis a|i|M»inte(| l»v the <'a|ttaiii
were as follows: I>a\is H. Stills»»n, I'irst Serjeant ; Ser-
j;eants, .Fames II. Newton, IMwin .1. 'Prow l»ri«l;;e,
Miehael ( 'lamv. < Hi\er I'. I hii iIjiil: ; < 'oriMiials, Isaar N.
Kehh. haniel W. Ste\enson. Sidney \'. Arnold. NtH'ton
Fields. ICheii II. Mollis. I'rank I'irkens. .lames Toll,
Allen {{em-diet. The e\rilement of (•)(•( IJoM heini: ov«*r,
t heromjiany.w liich w as desi;:nated as A, w eiit intocainp
at the fair oiuumls ami )»r«'|»ared for the a<ti\e «lutie8
of a soldier's life hy dailN drills, and lieiii;; the rioht rom-
pany it was known woiihl o<tu|>y im|>ortant positions
in skirmishes, battles, etc In the suhseipieni years of
service in the field. < 'umpaiiy A always ai<|uitted itself
with hraveiv and credit and sufTeied its fair share of
casualties, eleven of its nuinliers yieldino up their lives
on the hat t letield. or in cons«M|m-nce of mortal wounds,
while several lost limhs. and a nund»er hesidt'S, were so
l»adly Wounded as to suffer for life. In the Kentucky
and lirst Tennessee cainpai;:ii. < 'aptain Leiijhton Iteini;
detailed on I{ri;:ade staff, and Lieiiiciianl Hsmaii als()
liein;: detailed much of the time. Lieutenant j'rescott
commanded t he < ompaiiy with credit. When the hat tie

Lieut, A. Prescott. Co. A. Sergt. F. M. Daugherty, Co. F.

Lieut. A. V Mitchell, Co. F. Capt W. Strawn. Co. F.

Capt. J. M. Leighton, Co. A. Lieut. C. M. Johnson, Co. F.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 377'

of Hartsvillc (H-cui-rcd tlic coiupany av;is (Ictaclicd and
doiiif;- provost duty iii the Yilki<»e three-qnarters of a
mile from the camp. There it was siiri'oiin<hMl by the
rebel cavalry and made a spirited resistance of an hour,
but notbeiiif;- supported and unable to withdraw, liad to
surrender. Sumner M. liuruliam was kilh'd, .lonathan
Lewis mortally wounded, Williaui Buckley was severely
wounded, also O'Donnell and I'otter. In the Tullahoma
cam j)aign, the comj^anj^ was under fire at Elk River, also
at Davis Cross Roads, and a< Chickamauiia lost on Sep-
tember 10th and 20th, John Dodd, Pcior Olscn, Michael
O'Connor, killed; F. Sanchez, wounded. Samuel Hutch-
ings was wounded and taken prisoner to Andersonville,
wdiere he died of wounds. A number were wounde*!
more or less severely, and Captain keiiiliton on the 21st,
The company lost one man killed at Mission Kidge. On
the advance of Sherman's army the company, com-
manded by Captain Leighton, who still suffered from
his wound, was from the first, engaged almost daily in
skirmishing. Sergeant Benedict was killed at Resaca,
May 13, 1864. William Barrett lost his right arm, and
several were wonnded. At Peach Tree Creek, July 20,
1864, very severe losses were suffered, the company
being the first to receive the full force of the rebel at-
tack and in flank. The company suffered again at Utoy
Creek and at Bentonville. It had left Graysville, Ga.,
with twenty-seven men for duty, wiien Atlanta fell but
nine were left — present. Death, wounds and sickness
had done their work. For details rend the record of the
company.

ROSTER OF THE COMPANY.

CAPTAIN JAMES M. LEIGHTON. Age 33; born in Maine; came
west in 1856, and engaged in bridge building; three years later he re~
moved to Lockport. 111., and was appointed Assistant Superintendent
of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. In the summer of 1862, he began
recruiting the company of which on its organization he was elected
Captain. He was an efficient, brave, and popular officer, loved by
his men. In October, 1862, was detailed as A. A. A. General on the
staff of Colonel Limberg. commanding the Thirty-ninth Brigade.
On the march through southern Kentucky served as Provost Marshal
and was on Brigade staff, performing valuable services. He was in
the battle of Hartsville; the skirmishes on the march to Tullahoma
and Elk River; was at Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chicka-

tn THK ONE hi:ndred and fourth

maiigit; 8over«ly woundtnl la the tthoulder on September 21. 18()3,
near RohuvIIU*, from which he uever re<*overe«| eiiltrely; was absent
on leave until April. 18(>4. when he returned and i-ommanded hlH
comimny in the Atlanta (-anipaiKn at Hnzzard Hoohi, Hesaca. New
U«)I>«' j'lmri'h. eir., until Jum- ."jih. hih wnund then beianie so bad &o
to (omiM'l him to Ko to th»' lios|>i(al in Nashvlllt'. He reKigned Sep-
temlKM '2V. IMi, on Hi-(-ount of wound, returm-d to iiis old pla<e on the
cunal. and on the retirement of William Thomas. In* i)«'iame Su|>erin-
lendent. Captain 1.^'iKhton di«Ml in Lorkport. III., on November 10,
inyi;. one of his rompany said to the writer. "A braver man than
Captain l.tdghton i.fv<-r unsheathed u sword."

CAITAIN MOSKS OSMAN. Ase 39; born in PennHylvania;
f.irin>-r «ame to Ottawa. III.. In the early forties. In lS4(j he
eIlll^^f•d in Captain T. Lyie l)ir|<»>y's company of Colonel John J.
Hardin's famous Illinois Ki-Klment and served one year in the
Mexican war. On rfturnluK to Ottawa he bfcaine interested in tho
"Ottawa Fn-e Trader" with his lirotlier William Osman. In August,
IHtiJ, he assisted in raisint; men for the Compuny and was elected
FirHt Lieutenant. He marched with his command to Hartsville but
was on detail at the time of the battle. In the Tullahoma campaiKU
was Aide ile Camp on the Staff of (Jeneral John Heatty; was with
his company in the Chicliamauf^a campaign: at Davis Cross Roads
and the battle of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaiKH. at Buzzard
Roost. Resjica. New 11oih» Chunh. ami took command on Captain
1.^'iKhtons retirement. June ."., istM; wjis in the battles around
Kenesaw, at I'ea<h Tre<' an<l Ctoy Creeks. Jonesboro. Commissioned
CaptainSeptember 21*. lS«i4. Was ontlie march to the sea but was taken
sick at Savannah and went home on a leave of absence. He returned
to Charleston. S. C, where he commanded a battalion in the Coast
Division until ordered to rejoin the ReRiment. doing so at Raleigh.
Captain Osman was u good officer ami brave man. Mustered out
June •;. ls«;r>. After the war was interested in farming in Minnesota.
He was a writer of good ability. Died in Ottawa. October '21. 1833.

FIRST LIKITKNANT SYDNKY V ARNOLD. Was born in
Washington County. N. Y.. March 7, 1S44: removed with his parents
to Illinois in l.s.'i.'i. and enlisted .\ugust 11. \st\2. when l^ years old;
clerk: was appointed Third Corporal upon organization of Company
A, and subsequently First Sergeant; re<'eived the latter promotion
Januar> 1. ls<i4. for meritorious services at Ix)okout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. Was promoted First Lieutenant to take rank from
Septi-mlier L'H. lsti4. He took part in the battle of Hartsville; was in the
Tullahoma campaign; the battles of Chickamauga. I^ookoiit Moun-
tain and Mission Ridge. an<l all the various battles and skirmishes
of thi- Regiment on the .\tlanta <-ampaign. up to and including
Kenesaw Mountain, where on June 27. I.sti4. he was wounded in the
foot, and rheumatic lever ensuiiig. was s«>nt to hospital, thence home
on leave. In Novemlx-r. ls»>4. on his way to rejoin the Regiment, was
unable to do so and detained at Nashville, where he was ])Ut In
romtnand of a company of convalescents all inemlwrs of the First
Division. Fourteenth Corps. Lieutenant Arnold {utrticipated in the
battle of Nashville ami soon after in the action at Decatur. Was
appnintetl I'rovost .Marshal and kIv«-ii command of the post at Ring-
gold. t!a . January 21. is*;.'!, by MaJor-tJeneral Steedman. His duties
there were severe and of a dilllcult and dangerous naiur<> on account
of raiders and bushwhackers. Ouerrlllas und<>r (iatewcsxl and Mc-

Lieut. Sidney V. Arnold, Company A.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 379

Donald attacked the post several times and were repulsed with loss.
March 1, he, with the rest of the One Hundred and Fourth, were
ordered to rejoin the Regiment and did so at Goldsboro. N. C, April
9, 1865. Lieutenant Arnold was the youngest commissioned officer
in the Regiment and had the honor of being detailed to take charge
of the Company and Regimental records from Washington to Chicago
for the final muster-out of the command. Mustered out June ii, 1865.
Lieutenant Arnold was a brave soldier, a good officer, and most
efficient in the performance of all duties that devolved upon him in
whatever position. After the war he remained in Illinois until 1883,
when he removed to Edmunds County, Dakota, and was a pioneer
of that section, locating towns and railroads. He now holds for the
second term the office of Recorder of Deeds; lives in Ipswich, the
county seat, and is a prominent citizen.

SECOND LIEUTENANT ALPHONSO PRESCOTT. Age 30;
born in Kingston, N. H.; merchant; enlisted at Ottawa in August,
1862, and was elected Second Lieutenant. He was in the Kentucky
campaign, and often detailed on important duties and foraging
expeditions at Frankfort and elsewhere, being often in command
of his own and other companies. Also performing ably the duties
of Acting Provost Marshal while in Kentucky. He marched
with the Regiment to Hartsville, Tenn., and was in the battle
there. Had his information and suggestions before that occur-
rence been heeded, the result of the battle would have been different.
He participated in the Tullahoma campaign and was at Elk River.
Taken sick at Decherd, he started on the Chickamauga campaign,
but at Cowan was obliged to go to hospital and was finally sent to
Nashville, and while there was reduced in weight to 68 pounBs; was
sick a long time. Resigned September 2,1863. Lives in St. Louis, Mo.
Is a teacher. Lieutenant Prescott was a fine officer, of great
executive abilitv and unquestioned bravery. See "Incidents."

FIRST SERGEANT DAVIS B. STILLSON. Enlisted from
Eailville August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and the
battle of Hartsville; was taken sick and discharged July 6, 1863; dis-
ability. He was a good soldier.

SERGEANT JAMES H. NEWTON. Enlisted from Earlville Au-
gust 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaign. Discharged at Decherd,
Tenn., July 14, 1863.

SERGEANT EDWIN J. TROWBRIDGE. Age 20; born in Ohio;
farmer; was in the three months' service; enlisted from Bruce July
23, 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge, in the Atlanta campaign and its battles; in the
pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas
to Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. His record as a fighter
speaks for itself. Lives in Santa Ana, Cal.

SERGEANT FRANK PICKENS. Enlisted from South Ottawa
August 15, 1862; farmer; appointed Corporal; was in the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. He participated in the Atlanta cam-
paign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, and Jonesboro. He was in

SM THE ONE HU NDRED AND FOURTH

the piirMilt of Hooil h» fur a» Konu*. Ga. Took part in the battlf of
Naitbville and wa»% in the action at l>ei-atiir, Ala., where he hud
charge of Colonel Mitchell'K headquarlers Kuarii. Rejoined ihe
Regiment in Noriii Carolina. Promoted Sergeant for meritorious
BerviteH Mii8t«'re<l out June t"., isr.f.. Frank was always on hand
and ready for a tight He now lives in South Ottawa.

SKRlJKANT M It'll AKL Cl^NC'V. Knllsted from Ottawa August
15, ls»iL'; ap|>olnie(| S«'rgfant ; at the muster out of the Regiment was
•erving in t»ie I'nited States Navv.

SKRtlKANT OMVKR P. HARDINtJ. Knllsted from South
Ottawa August 14. IKCiL'; he was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of liartsville. in the Tullahoma campaign at HIk River; in the
Chickanuiuga cam|)aign to Stevenson. Ala., left there sick; rejoined
the Regim<-nt hecemher li. ISf.H; jmrticipated in the Atlanta campaign
and was at Huzznrd Roost. Rewica. New Hoim' Clnirch. the batth'S
around Kenesi»w and I'each Trei- Creek; killed in the latter battle
July 2". ls»i-l. an<l the Regiment and country lost a brave sohlier and
valuable life.

SKRC.KANT ISAAC N. FELCH Knllsted from Karlvllle August
15. \M2: appointed Corporal: was at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma
■campaign to lH«cherd; taken sick : rejoined the Regiment December 25,
1863. and was in the Atlanta and Carolina campaigns. Promoted
Sergeant for meritorious services an<l mustered out July 1, 1S05.

SKRC.KANT ALLKN MKNKDICT. Knllsted from Ottawa August
l4. \stV2: appointed Corporal; was at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma
•ind Chlckamauga campaigns; at Klk Ri\rr. Davis Cross Roads, the
battle of Chlckamauga. Promoted Sergeant. In the Atlanta cam-
paign was present at Muzzard Roost and Resaca. where May 13. lsr.4.
the gallant soldier yielded up his life.

SKRCKANT WILLIAM FKRRIS. Age 18; born in Illinois;
enlisted from Ottawa August IT.. ls«;i.'; was at Hartsville; promoted
Cori»oral; in the Tullahoma and Chlckamauga campaigns and batlbs
at Klk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chlckamauga.
where he was wounded. Rejoined the regiment in December. lS6o,
and was in the subseqtient campaigns and battles; was taken prisoner
at battle of Pea<h Tree Creek. Promoted Sergeant for meritorious
Ber\ fees. Mustered out June f.. ISO'i.

CORPORAL DANIKL W. STEVKNSt)N. Age 22; born In New
Jersey; farmer, enlisted from Ottawa July 22. 1S(J2; ap|)Olnl.'d
Corporal; taken sick on the march frtun Frankfort to Howling
Green. Ky Dlschargerl there for hepatized lung October 25.1862; haa
never re<overed Is a farmer at Sunrise, III.

CORIH)RAL Nt)RTt)N FIKLDS. Knllsted from South Ottawa
August 1'.. lst;2: appofnte<l Corp<»ral; was transferred to V. R. C.
Februarv 11. IMM Died some y<'ars ago.

CORPORAL KMKN H. HOLLIS. Age 20; enlisted from Fticji
August 14, 1SG2; appoint«'d Corporal; was in the Kentucky cami>algn
and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahonui campaign ami at Klk
River, but lekeii sick there an<l sent to hospital. Transferred to
V R C April 10, 1864. Lives In Ottawa an«l Is a machinist. Was a
faithful soldier

CORPOKAI. JA.MKS TOLL. Knllsted from Ottawa August 14.
1862. apjKJlnted Corpc-ral; was at Hartsville and in the Tullahoma
campaign; taken sick at Decherd and diacharged August 13. 1863.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 381

CORPORAL NATHANIEL BAKER. Age 28; born in Warrpn
County, Pa.; farmer; enlisted from Brookfield August 1.5, 1862; was in
the battle of Hartsville, and in the actions of Elk River and Davis
Cross Roads, the battles of ChicUaniauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was present at Buzzard
Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree
and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to the sea and in the Carolina campaign to Bentonville. where
he was wounded March 19, 1865. Promoted Corporal for meritorious
services. Mustered out July 17, 186.5. The record tells. Is a farmer
in Brookfield.

CORPORAL HIRAM WHITMAN. Age 24; born in Germany:
farmer; enlisted from Ottawa August 14, 1862; was at Hartsville;
taken sick and subsequently transferred to V. R. C. Mustered out
June 6, 1865, as Corporal.

CORPORAL PATRICK DOBBINS. Age 22; born in Ireland;
laborer; enlisted from Ottawa August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the TuUahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle
of Chickamauga, where he was severely wounded and discharged
for same April 10, 1864.

WILLIAM RAYMOND. Age 21; born in Peru. 111.; enlisted as
musician August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign; discharged
January 6, 1863; disability. Lives in Ottawa.

FRANCIS PORTER. Age 45; born in Pennsylvania; butcher;
enlisted August 15, 1862; was teamster; discharged November 9, 1864;
disability.

PHILIP B. ALLEN. Enlisted August 15, 1862; was never with
the Company.

FRANCIS BADYS. Age 29; born in Germany; enlisted from
Ottawa August 15, 1862; deserted in the face of the enemy at Chicka-
mauga September 20, 1863.

ENOCH T. BAILEY. Age 18; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from Ottawa August 8, 1862; was at the battle of Hartsville; in the
actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads, the battles of
Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the
Atlanta campaign and its battles; in the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Was
■wounded at Chickamauga. Always at the front and fearless.
Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JAMES BRUCE. Age 27; born in Scotland; enlisted August 15,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign; transferred to I. C. July
13, 1863.

EDWARD BOLLMAN. Age 30; born in Russia; enlisted from
Ottawa August 14, 1862: was in the Kentucky campaign. Transferred
to V. R. C. August 30, 1863.

SUMNER M. BURNHAM. Age 21; born in Maine; farmer;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where he
■was killed December 7, 1862; a true soldier and a great loss to the
company.

POLITUS BENNETT. Age 39; born in Pennsylvania; enlisted
from Earlville August 15, 1862; engineer; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign. Discharged December 21, 1863; disability.

WILLIAM BARRETT. Age 21; born in Gal way, Ireland; sailor;
enlisted from Ottawa August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign

THK ONE HlNDHKl* ANI» KCU'RTH

aiui [.iittU- of HartHville. In the Tullahoroa and Chickamaugii
oamiMiiKns at Klk Kivir. l>uvi« t'rowi KoadB, and the battle of
Chirkamaiiga Wah at l^ookout Mountain and MlbKlon Kldge. In
the Mlanta ian«|»aign wa» pret^nl at lluzauird Roost and Resiua.
where he wah »everelv wounded In tlie arm May VA. lSb4, anu
dUiharRed for wound February llti. U«;r.. He was a brave soldier ami
will never be forBoiten by the Company. After the war In t!»e
employ of IlllnolB and MUhlRan Canal, and drowned In the summer

of 1S68. ....

Wll 1 I\M Hl'CKLEY Age 20. born In Clare. Ireland: farmer,
.•nlisled'frunl Karlvllb- Aurusi K.. 1m;J: was In the Kentmky cani-
iMtlgn and battle of Hartsville, where he was wounded in the nerk.
Was In the Tullahoma and ChickamauKa lampalRns: at Klk Uiver.
ImvlK Cross Uoiids and Chl.kamauKa. Was at l^iokout Mounlalij and
Mission Kidge. In the Atlanta .anipaign at Buzzard Koost and
Kesaia New Hope Church. Kenesaiw Mountain an.l Peach Tree
Cre«.k. where he was taken prisoner. Mustered out June b. 18bo.
Was true to his adopte«l country.

DANIKI. IILKACH. Age 43; born In Ireland: laborer; enlisted
AuKiistir. iV.i: was In the Kentucky .aiiipaign; in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns. Was in the Atlanta campaign at
Huzziinl Koost. Kesaca. New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain and
Peach Tree Creek, where he was captured July liO. ISbl. Mustered
out June •; isf.r.. Alwavs on hand In times of danger.

lURTON W n\C.LKY. Age 2S: born in Pennsylvania; farmer;
enlisted from Karlvllle August If,. 1S«2: was In the battle of Harts-
ville In the Tullahoma and Chlckamauga campaigns. In the A Ian a
campaign at Kuzzard Roost and Resaca. where he was wounded n
the face May Vl. W,i. Discharged October 26. 18C4. for wounds.

'^''7aCOH CONR.in. Age 31; born In France; farmer; enlisted
Aueust H 1m;_': deserted December 30. 1S62.

CHR STIVN CHRKISFKLLAR. Age .31. born In C.ermanv
farme : enlisted August If.. l.s.;2: was in the Kentucky «-""M.algn and
at Hartsville In the Chlckamauga campaign; In the A Ian a
TmnvXn Hn^^ard Roost an.l Resa.a. « here he was mounded

he eck Mustered out June .;. isC. He ^»^ ^ f^;!;^ ^'l^^ ""^
chickens had to roost high when Chris was around. Di. .1 u 1SJ4.

TIMOTHY CCNNINCHAM. Age 11.; born In Ireland; enlisted
fron. Ottawa. August If.. 18«2: died In Louisville. Ky.. November 20.

^^^'^'lOHN R CANTMN Age 2«»: born In Ottawa. Canada; enlisted

fron;^^"Hvnie Angus ir.. lJV.2; farmer; at time of Hartsville battle

iTa guar at fhe rebel Dr. Wlnstons. and was not <;V'''r''*. uMU

,o O, lla in then.e to Can,p Douglas and from there to fhe front wh

e R g men was In the battles of Chlckamauga. Lookout Moun-

n and Mission Ridge; soon attacked with an Incurable disease of

. rl . sHu i^^^^^^^ l.'T IS.-.r.. as incurable; still suffers: lives

n^KVUte N a large /armer: has been a n.ember of the I^gisln-

iur^wbe commander of C. A. R posts: and has held many olllces of

'^"^;.,TxAMMJR'D;NLAlJ.'X:;;rborn in Scotland; farmer;
fron'ottawa. August K.. 1802: he was In the Kentucky campnig., and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 38a

battle of Hartsville. In the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chicka-
mauga. where he was killed September 20, 1863. A brave soldier who
never missed a roll-call and could always be relied upon.

HENRY DONNELLY. Age 19; born in Ireland: farmer; enlisted
from Ottawa. August S. 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville, the ac-
tions at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chicka-
mauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta
campaign and its battles; in the pursuit of Hood; on the march to the
sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Always at roll-call and
ready for duty. Mustered out June (j. ise.'i.

JOHN DOWNEY. Never with the company.

DAVID DONVILLE. Age 21; born in France; enlisted from Earl-
ville, August 15, 1862; deserted March 14, 1863.

OLIVER DREW. Age 42; born in New York; farmer; enlisted
from Ottawa. August If). 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga,.
where he was wounded September 20, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C.
January 2. 1865. Was a fearless soldier.

CHARLES FULLER. Age 24; born in New York; farmer; en-
listed from Ottawa. August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign
and battle of Harioville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns: at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chicka-
mauga, where he was wounded September 20, 1863. Mustered out
June 15. 1865. He was a good soldier.

BLOOMFIELD GREEN. Age 20; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from S. Ottawa, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign.
Discharged May 1, 1863, disability.

JESSE GANT. Age 25; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted August
14. 1862; deserted March 14. 1863.

DAVID C.GRIFFITH. Age 23; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted from
Serena, August 15, 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaigns: at Elk River, Davis
Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Moun-
tain and mortally wounded in the charge on Mission Ridge, Novem-
ber 25. 1863. Died at Chattanooga, November 27, 1863.

CHARLES E. HEADSTRONG. Age 21; born in Sweden: enlisted
from Grand Rapids, August 15, 1862; farmer; mustered out June 6,
1865. .

SAMUEL HUTCHINGS. Age 20; born in Michigan; enlisted
from Ottawa. August 14, 1862; farmer; was at Hartsville, Elk River,
in the Tullahoma campaign: wounded and taken prisoner at the
battle of Chickamauga; died of wounds in Andersonville, August 8,
1864. Number of grave 5.019. A good soldier. May he rest in peace.

RICHARD HETZNER. Age 23; born in Germany; enlisted
August 15, 1862; farmer. Transferred to V. R. C. November 1, 1863.

WILLIAM HEFFERAN. Age 23; born in Ireland; enlisted Au-
gust 15, 1862; farmer: deserted December 30, 1862.

ROBERT HIGHLAND. Age 22; born in Ireland; enlisted from
Ottawa, August 15, 1862; farmer; deserted December 30. 1862.

PAUL HAMILTON. Age 33; born in Pennsylvania; enlisted from
Ottawa. August 15, 1862; farmer; deserted December 30, 1SC2.

WILLIAM HORN. Age 29; born in Germany; farmer; enlisted
from Ottawa, August 15, 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and

M4 THE ONE HUNDHED AND FOUHTH

lM»m«' of )lar(ti\ illc; in the Tullahonia and CMiicknutuga campaigns;
at KIk Ulvcr. I>a\i8 C'iuhm Uuatih and (lie liattlc uf C liickaniaiiKa. In
th«' battlt's of IxMikoui Mountain and MiHhion Hi<lt;e; in the Atlanta
caniiialicn at Buzzard UooHt. Keiiaoa. New Hoim* Cltun-h. K«-neKaw
Mountain. I'earh Trts^ t'rtn'k and I'toy Crefk. JoneHboro. Whh in the
pursuit of }ioud. on the ntart-h to thf st-a an<l tluouKli the Caroiinas
lo ii^ntonvillf : niiKHetl nothing but hih ration^: always ready for
duty. MiiHii-red out June «>. 1J>(;5. 1m a farmer at Grand KldRe, 111.

UIM.IAM H. KNAI'l*. Akv I'l ; born in IllinoiH; bla.ksmilh; en-
JlBled from Dttawa. August 1.'.. ISOi'; was In the battle of Hartsvllle,
the artiouK of Klk Klver and Davis ("ru^is Huads: the battles of
(.'hIckamauKa. I^mkout Mountain and .Mission Kldge. In the At-
lanta camimiKn at Buzzard Roost. Hesaca. New Hojje ('hur«h. Kene-
8a w Mountain. I'earh Thh- and I'toy CpH-ks. Jonesboro. He was on
the marrh to the sea and throuKh the Caroiinas to Bentonville. Mus-
tered out June »;. 1865. Never missed roll-call or duty. Lives in
Ottawa. Ill

WALTKH KKTCHIM. Age 38; born In Canada; enlisted from
Ottawa. .XuirnHt 14. l.Ni;j; dishonorably dls< harged May. 1SG5.

MKUCK KINNELLV. Age :\\ . born in Ireland; farmer; enlisted
from Ottawa. AuRust 14. Dstii'; deserted March li'i. ISC'S.

JOHN KNKCHT. Age ;{!♦; born In (Jermany; mason; enlisted
from Serena. August l.">. ISOL'. Transferred to V. R. C. January 15,
1865.

ALONZO H. LARKINS. Age IS; born in New York; farmer;
enliste<l August 15, iStJL': he was In the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chlckamauga campaigns: at Elk
River. Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chlckamauga. In the
battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ri<lge. Was at Buzzard
Roost. Resaca. New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain. Killed at
I'each Tree Creek. Jtilv I'u, 1S«»4. One of the voungest an«l bravest
fell.

JONATHAN LEWIS. Age ;n : born in Ohio; enlisted from
Ottawa. August 1.'.. ls»;2; blacksmith; was in the Kentucky campaign
and mortally wounded at Hartsville. December 7, 1862; died in Camp
Douglas. 111.. April 16. 1863.

DENNIS J. MIRPHY. Age 20; born In New York; enlisted from
Ottawa. August l.'i. 1S6L'; blacksmith; was in all the battles of the
Regiment up to and including Chlckamauga; taken sick; died In
Chattanooga. November 1. 186:{. Active, energetic, brave and faith-
ful to the last.

WILLIAM McCLARE. Never with company.

CHARLES M<NEAL. Age 22; born in New York; enlisted from
Ottawa, August 15. 1.S62; carpenter; discharged September 23. 1863,
for disablllly; was a good soldier.

WILLL\M H. NORTON. Age 31; born in Maine; enlisted from
Karlville. August 15. 1S62; shoemaker; was at Hartsville. In the
Tullahoma .ind Chlckamauga campaigns; In the battles of Chlcka-
mauga. I<ookou( .Mountain and .Mission !{idge. Resaca. Konesaw. and
most of the battles of the .\tlanta campaign; on the latter was taken
8lck; wnt to Sprlnglleld. III.; discharged Noveniber K. 1864. Had
previously served in Comimny D. Twenty-third Illinois, and was at
the hiegf of Lexington. .Mo. Llv«'s in Earlvllle. III.

SILAS OLMSTEAD. Ago 3u; born In New York; farmer; enlisted
trom Serena. AuguHt 16. 1862: he wa*i in the Kentucky campaign and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 385

battle of Hartsville. Was taken sick in Camp Douglas; discharged
April 27, 1863; disability.

PETER OLSEN. Age 40; born in Norway; enlisted from Ottawa,
August 15, 1862; lie was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River. Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga, where he
was killed September 20, 1SG3.

MICHAEL O'RILEY. Age 24; born in Ireland; enlisted August
15, 1862; he participated in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
Hartsville, and in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was
at the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads, the battles of
Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. He was in the
Atlanta campaign and its battles; in the pursuit of Hood as far as
Rome. Ga. ; at Nashville and the action at Decatur, Ala. Rejoined the
Regiment in North Carolina; was always ready for duty. Mustered
out June 6, 1865. Lives in Chicago and has been on the Park police
force for many years.

PATRICK O'DONNELL. Age 21; born in Ireland; farmer; en-
listed August 15, 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville. where he was wounded severely in the arm, but es-
caped capture. (See Incidents.) He was in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the
battle of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign was present at
Buzzard Roost, the battles around Resaca, New Hope Church; the
battles around Kenesaw Mountain. In the battle of Peach Tree
Creek, July 20, 1864, was again wounded in the arm and taken
prisoner; arm was amputated and the undaunted O'Donnell escaped,
rejoined his Regiment and was mustered out June 6, 1865. He was
known among the boys as "Happy Pat." He was a fearless man and
soldier, and the only enemy he ever had was himself. Died some
years ago, but no one will ever forget him — the daring, generous, and
brave.

MICHAEL O'CONNER. Age 36; born in Scotland; farmer; he
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tulla-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads and the battle of Chickamauga, where he was killed September
20, 1863. He was always at the front and a brave man.

TIMOTHY M. O'CONNER. Age 21; born in Scotland; enlisted
August 15, 1862; mechanic; was at Hartsville, Elk River, Chicka-
mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Buzzard Roost,
Resaca. Kenesaw. Peach Tree Creek; taken prisoner July 20, 1864; a
good soldier. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JOHN O'BRYAN. Age 23; born in Ireland; enlisted from Ot-
tawa, August 15, 1862: laborer; deserted March 16, 1863.

WILLIAM PRATT. Age 44; born in Ohio; enlisted from Ottawa,
August 15, 1862; engineer; detailed as teamster; discharged for dis-
ability, April 24, 1864. Faithful to duty.

DANIEL PURSLEY. Age 25; born in Illinois; farmer; enlisted
from Dayton, August 15, 1862; mustered out June 10, 1865.

LYMAN POTTER. ^Age 23; born in New York; farmer; enlisted
from Earlville, August 15, 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign
and battle of Hartsville, where be was wounded. Was in the Tulla-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga, where he was again wounded.
Mustered out June 6, 1865. Is now dead.

3W THE ONE HrXDRED AND FOURTH

FOHHES H. HJTTER. Age 20; born iu Illinois; enllsn-d August
15, 1802. <l»-rt«'rt.nl .Marth 14, 1S63.

t'ARl. I'KTTER.MAN. Age 38; born in Germany; laborer; en-
lluietl from Ottawa, AugiiHt 15. 1862. Transferred to V. R. C. January
15, 1SG4.

MKNRY RIDDLE. Age 20; born in New York; farmer; euUsted
from Knnn Ritige. Auguttt, lK(t2; in the Kentucky campaign and bat-
tle of HartHvllU*. DlKil>arg»*d January G. 18G3; disability.

JAMES ROAt'H. Agf 21; born in Ireland; farmer; enlisted from
(Inmd RapidH, August 15, 18G2; was in the Kentucky campaign and
baltif of ilartsvilUv In the Tullahoma and CMiickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, and the battles of Chickamauga.
l»okout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Mustered out May 17, 1.SG5.

THOMAS RYAN. Age ly; born in Ireland; sailor; enlisted from
Ottawa, August 15, 1KG2; he was In the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga; was
a line type of a soldier. Discharged January i», 18G4; disability.

EDWARD RICHARDSON. Age 21; born in England; mechanic;
enlisted from Ottawa. August 8. 18G2. Musteretl out June 12, 1SG5.

WILMA.M ROMERTSON. Age 48; born in Scotland; farmer;
enlisted from Earlvilje. August 15, 1SG2; deserted March 14, 1SG3.

FRANCISCO SANCHEZ. Age 27; born in Mexico; pwnter; en-
listed from Ottawa. August 15, 1SG2; he was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of
Chickanuiuga. where he was wounded September 20, 18G3. His sub-
sequent reconi is unknown.

ANTON SMITH. Age 26; born In Germany; farmer; enlisted
from tJraiKl Rapids. August 15. 1SG2; he was in the battle of Harts-
ville, the a<tioiis of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; the battles of
I^ookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta cam-
paign and its battles; in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the
sea; in the campaign of the Carolinas, and the battle of Benton ville;
always reatly for duty. Mustered out June G, 1SG5. Lives in Grand
Raiiids, 111. Is a farnier.

FREDERK'K SINDERMAN. Age li*; born in Germany; farmer:
enlisteil August 14. lstl2; was In the Kentucky campaign antl at
Hartsville. Taken sick anti died at home March 13, 1SG3.

HENRY S.MITH. Age 3(i; born in Germany; farmer; enlisted
from Earlville. August 15. 1SG2; deserted April 11, 1SG3.

JOHN TIDM.ARSH. Age 31; born in England; farmer; enlisted
from .Manllus. A>igusl 15. 1,SG2. Absent sick at M. O. of Regiment.

ELIAS THOMPSON. Age 24; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from S. Ottawa, August 15, 1SG2; was in the Kentucky campaign.
Died in Chiiago. February 2G, 18G3.

DAVID VARNER. Age 22; born in Virginia; farmer; enlisted
from Rutland, August 14, 18G2; was in the battle of Hartsville, the
actions of Elk River, Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga.
l/>okout Mountain and Mission Ritlge. In the Atlanta campaign, at
Buzzard Roost. Resaca. New Ho|m» Chunh. Kenesaw Mountain and
I'each Tree Creek, where he was severely wounded July 2u. l.SGl;
dlH< barged for woumls I'ebriniry 23. 18G5. Lives at Kingman. Kan.

I'HILII' WICHERT. Age 27; born In Germany; farmer; en-
llMed AuRUHt 15. 1SG2; he was In the Kentucky campaign and battle

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 387

Of Hartsville. Left sick at Murfreesboro, June 24, 1863. Transferred
to V. R. C. October 21, 1863.

ULYSSES WEUVE. Age 26; born in Germany; jeweler; enlisted
from Serena, August 15, 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville. Transferred to V. R. C, August 30, 1863. Lives
at State Center, Iowa.

JOHN M. WINSLOW. Age 24; born in Maine; farmer; enlisted
from Earlville, August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. In
the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Participated in
the Atlanta cami)aign at Rocky Face, the battles at Resaca, New Hope
Church; the battles around Kenesaw Mountain, and was at Peach
Tree Creek. On August 7, 1864, the brave Winslow fell at Utoy
Creek. He had in 1861, served in the Twenty-third Illinois, and was
in the siege of Lexington, Mo.

LUCIEN WARREN. Age 18; born in Illinois; farmer; enlisted
July 27, 1862; w^as in the march to Bowling Green and Tompkinsville,
Ky.; left there sick and reported dead, but recovered and reported at
Camp Douglas. Was in the Tullahoma campaign and at Elk River,
but had a sunstroke there July 1. 1863; removed to Decherd and
thence to Louisville. Discharged September 1, 1863; disability. A
good soldier. Is now in the newspaper business at Galesburg, 111.

RECRUITS.

STEPHEN CHRIESFELLER. Age 25; born in Germany; me-
chanic; enlisted from Joliet, January 4, 1864. Died in Nashville July
4, 1864.

AMOS T. FERGUSON. Age 22; born in Indiana; farmer; en-
listed from Rutland, September 27, 1864, and was in the subsequent
campaigns of the Regiment. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Last heard
of in Kansas.

GEORGE SIGMUHL. Age 33; born in Germany; farmer; en-
listed from Joliet, January 4, 1864. Adjutant-General's report says:
"Corporal — remains to be transferred."

THOMAS G. MALONEY. Age 40; born in Ireland; farmer; en-
listed from Grand Rapids, April 11, 1865. Adjutant-General's report
says: "Sentenced by G. C. M. to serve sixteen months over time."

SM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

STATISTICS OF COMPANY A

TotuI cnllHtnient . .%

Killi'tl unti mortally wounded 11

Woiimlfd .* *•

Ht*8lgiM*(l for wound 1

Hfs»pii«'i| for dltiablllty 1

•••d for wounds ■*

..'d for disability !<>

1 "It .1 (>r diBoaite ^

I>ifd In prison 1

I >«'tM*rttMl 13

N«'vor with company **

Mu»tt«rfd out June 6, 1865 20

Tranferred to V. R. C ^

Transferred to I. C 1

IVlarhed at M. 0 1

Absent sick at M. 0 1

Mustered out at other dates ^

Remained to be transferred 1

Sentenced by CJ. C. M 1

Dishonorably discharged 1

Known to be living (December, 1894) 22

^^i^'

■ ^^''^?'^

Gen. S. A. Porter, Co. E
S. W. Burgess. Co. B.
Capt. G. W. Howe, Co.

G. R. Conarroe, Co, B.
Lieut. M. M. Randolph, Co. B.
A. G. Robinson, Co. B.

CHAPTER XXV

Company B — How and Where Organized — Roster and Biogra-
phies— Statistics.

SKETCH OF COMPANY B.

This (jompauy was recruited and organized at Tuu-
ica, La Salle Couuty, iu August, 18H2, amid the wave
of enthusiasm aud patriotic indiguatiou that swept
the country at that time. Prominent among those who
helped to raise the company were George W. Howe, a
well-known farmer near T«jnica; Rev. Moses M. Ran-
dolph, pastor of the Tonica Baptist Church, and Sam-
uel A. Porter, then teaching school in the village. The
community was largely American, descendants of Xew
England and Revolutionary stock, and the response to
President Lincoln's call for 600,000 more men, was
prompt and hearty on the part of the stalwart sons of
the prairie. Before the middle of August, 1802, the
ranks were full and some went away to enlist in other
companies. The company was then organized by the
election of George W. Howe as Captain, Moses M. Ran-
dolp First Lieutenant, samuel A. Porter Second Lieu-
tenant.

The following non-commissioned officers were ap-
pointed: William C. Ross, First Sergeant; Cromwell
Woodward, Second Sergeant; Asa Dunham, Third Ser-
geant; Jos. D. Porter, Fourth Sergeant; Philaud«n' Tal-
bot, Fifth Sergeant. The following were appointed
Corporals in this order: Joseph G. AVheat, Alb(n-t C.
Bassett, Jesse A. Bryant, Charles Menz, William M.
Chambers, Nathaniel Richy, Andrew Foss and Wil-
liam Seeley.

The company went into camp with the Regiment
at Ottawa, and was drilled daily by Lieut. Portei-, who
had seen service in Company B, Thirty-third Illinois

3»0 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Iiifaiifrv, aii<I was an rtVuitMit drillinasttT, \vh«> sultsf-
<|ii«'ntlv atiaiiicd «listiiit'ti(tii aiul hi<zli rank. (ioiii<<:
to till' front tln' ronipany i»artiripat«'(l with thi* Hr^n-
nn*nt in all its iiiaiili«*s an«l hatth's an<l niadi* a ivimumI
for lira\«'rv an*i rnicicmy sf<on«i to nonr. Its casual-
ties in l»attl<* trll the* story of blotMlshcd and snlT«*rin«;
♦•nduHMl. At Hartsvillo tlio men showrd tin* kind of
inatrrial they wcr»* made of. Tln'rt' the lamented and
brave Lieiiirnant Kamhdph ^ave his life for his coun-
try; d«din KiMJer was mortally woimded, dyin;^ in F«*l»-
rnary. lsVt',\\ Jcdin <\ Vail, mortally woun«led; Ser«;eants
Josj*|di I>. Porter, <'rom\\ell Woodward, (ieor;:e Steid-
in'.'er and Howard H. While were kiih-d. Ki^dit w«'re
wounded, a few very hadly. The eompany i>arlitii>ated
in the Tullalioma and Chickamau^^a eami>ai«;ns and
the ^reat battle of ( 'iiiikamau^M with « redit. At
Decheid, Tenn., ('ai»taiii Howe, who was a brave, able
and hi^'hly rej;arded ollieer, resigned on account of ill
health and Lieutenant Porter became Captain. Lieu-
ttMiant \\'illiam ( '. Koss, who had been promoted fr«»m
First Ser;:eant to S«M'ond Lieutenant Hecember Idih,
isr.L', became I'irst Lietitenant. At ( 'hickamauua Kob-
ert M. W'arnock was killed; .Joseph M. ( 'hanct* mortally
wounded; NN alien Hutchinson kilbMl; seven were
wounded, amoiiu them Captain Porter, who lost his
left arm, and dacub dtdiiisou, \\ ho was also taken pris-
oner, and ill Andersonville ci^ililccii months. The sub-
se<|ueni record of Cumjiany II was in kefjijuLX with the
deeds that marked lis hist a<liicvemeiiis. and worthy
of the reputation won in the liist battle. In the liat-
th's of L<»okout .Mouniain an<l .Mission Kidi^c and on
ilif Atlanta campai^iii, at Buzzard L'oost, K<'sa«a; in
t he bat I les around New Hope < Miurcli, Kfiiesaw .Moun-
tain, Peach Troe ('reck, the sie^fc of .\tlanla. al Lloy
i'reek, when', on .Xu^misi TiIi, l>«iL Serp-ant Albert ( '.
Itasseit. commanding; the touipany, fell; in all thrse.

and in tin- pursuit of II j, ili)> mai-< h to tlif sea; tlx'

campai;:!! tlirou;;h the Carolinas, an<l at itentonvilh\
Company I! was lepi-cseiited and jiromiiHUt. thou;:h
with ranks r«'du< iij. Tin- 11 \ Iml: nn iiiIh is « ;mi rt-fn' with

REGIMENT II.T.IXOIS VOLUNTEERS. 391

pride to its honorable sei-xMce and i-cjoicc in (lie i>ait
it porfornied in liclpinn' to concpu'i- tiic jii-cat iclK'lliuii.

ROSTER OF THE COMPANY.

CAPTAIN GEORGE W.' HOWE. Age 39; born in Roylston, Vt.;
farmer; enlisted in August, 1862, at Tonica. and became active in
recruiting men for a company. On organization was elected Captain
and repaired to Ottawa witli his men and the company became a
part of the famous One Hundred and Fourth. Going to Louisville
with the Regiment, Captain Howe participated in the campaign in
Kentucky after Biagg, and in the march to Bowling Green and
thence to Hartsville, where, on December 7. 18fi2. the One and Fourth
fought its first battle against overwhelming odds. The story of the
battle is given elsewhere, but Captain Howe was distinguished on
that disastrous and bloody field for coolness and personal courage.
He Avas at the head of his company in the Tullahoma campaign and
with Company B, in the ten hours under fire on the advance to Elk
River. Bragg having — after being driven back from Tullahoma and
across the Elk — retreated across the Cumberland Mountains, the
One Hundred and Fourth went into comp at Decherd, Tenn. There,
Captain Howe, becoming enfeebled and in poor health, resigned, a
step much regretted by his own company and by the Regiment. The
Captain returned to his beautiful home near Tonica, where he ha.s
been honored with imi)ortant public offices and is enjoying a happy
and good old age. respected and loved by all.

CAPTAIN SAMUEL A. PORTER. Age 23; born in Ripley,
Brown County, Ohio, July 7, 1839; enlisted first in Company B. Thirty-
third Illinois, August 20, 1861; discharged for disability April 10,
1862; was a school teacher in Tonica, 111., when he enlisted the second
time, August, 1862, in Company B, and at once entered with spirit
into the work of recruiting men for the company. At the organiza-
tion he was elected Second Lieutenant; his previous experience and
capacity for command soon became apparent and Company B at-
tained with him as drill master a high degree of efficiency. Lieu-
tenant Porter was noted for his thoroughness in all he undertook
and this was the secret of his success as a soldier. He was in the
battle of Hartsville and in the Tullahoma and the Chickamauga
campaigns. Was promoted First Lieutenant December 10, 1862,
and mustered March 8, 1863; made Captain August 11, 1863, and
mustered October 3, 1863. Captain Porter commanded Company B in
the battle of Chickamauga and lost on that bloody field his good left
arm. In consequence of his wound he had to go to the hospital for
some months. He resigned August 24, 1864, and was mustered as First
Lieutenant in the V. R. C. to date from August 22d: was made Captain
Aiigust 29, 1864, and mustered out October 6, 1864, to become Colonel
of the One Hundred and Twenty-third United States Colored troops.
As such, he commanded the department of colored troops in Mis-
sissippi for some time, and there had an opportunity to display his
great executive ability. He was brevetted Brigadier-General March
13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war; was
made Captain by brevet. March 20, 1867, for gallant and meritorious
services in the battle of Chickamauga, and Major by brevet also.
Was transferred to the Seventeenth Infantry. Regular Army, May
27, 1869. Retired with the rank of Captain, December 15, 1870, for

3»:' THE ONE Hr.VDRED AND FOURTH

loKs of It'ft nrn» from wound received In line of duty, "per ads of
CongrfMi, AuKUKt and July. IStiG." General I'orter died In UoBton,
April 2\. isso. NuthiuK more neinl l>e uald about Urevel Brigadier
(lenenil I'ortrr. hU r«Tor<l KpciikK fur IlKelf.

CAITAIN WILLIAM (*. ROSS. KnIlHted In AugUHl. 1SG2: farmer.
apiMilnti'd KirHt SerKi-aiil: wiih in the battle of llartsville; proniotml to
Sii-ond Lleut«-nant, IHtimuImt 10. 1S(J2; pjirti<-ii)at«'d in the Tullahoma
and C'hirkaniiitiKa (-anipaiKiiK; wan promoted FirKt Lieutenant Au-
RU8t 11. IMkI; took |>art in the battle of ChiekamauKa and was di:j-
tiniculKhed there for rei-klehH daring. \Va8 In the battles of lx>okout
Mountain and MisKion Ridge. In the latter was severelx
wounded and obliged to go to the hospital for some time, consequently
did not take part In the Atlanta campaign. Rejoined Company ii. at
KItigKion. (!a.. November t. iSiM. and was mustered on the t;th. as
Captain, his commishion dating from August -4. isti4. Henceforth
Captain Ross was on deck at all times; was on th«- mar<-h to the
s<-a. and through South Carolina, where he commanded foraging
parties frequ«'ntly, a work for which he had a great adaptability and
one he liked. Hut he went once too often, being captured at Stroud's
Mill, on Fishing Creek. S. C, February -C, lS(j5. He and the party
he commanded were surroumled by l)il»reirs <avalry. Ross, how-
ever, proposed to tight, and did, until having kilb-d and disabled some
four or five rebels, and seeing no way of escape, he surrentlered with
most of his men. The air around Fishing Creek was said to be sul-
idiurous from the Captains swearing. He was sent to Libby — h
l)risoner. and exchanged in time to be nnistered out June «. 1SG5.
Captain Ross had strong personal characteristics, physically and
mentally, that made him conspicuous and marked his military career.
lt«'si(lein e unknown.

FIRST LIKITFNANT MOSKS M. RANDOLPH. Was born In
I>e\Vitt County. 111.. December H». ls»4; descendeil directly from the
Virginia Randolphs of historic fame; was educated at Shurtleff Col-
lege, and took a theological «ourse at Madison I'niversily. New York.
When the war broke out was |)astor of the Baptist Church in Tonica,
anri a preacher of elo(iuence and power. In the summer of ISCL'. hl8
patriotism became arotiscd and he frecjuently addressed public mepl-
Ings railed to consider the duty of the hour. In .\ugust. the Rev.
Randolph enlisted in what was to be Company B. determined (o show
by works as well as bv words. He was elected First Lieutenant and
saw his first and last battle at llartsvllle. Mortally wounded, he was
borne from the field to a house, by Mr. A. <1. Robinson, of Company B.
and ilied on I)<'cember H. IStJl'. Thus fell in defense of his country, at
the early age of twenty-eight, lacking one day. the eloquent and
noble Randol|)h. loved by all. mourned by all. not only in his own
company and Itegiment. but by the whole community where he had
li\ed ''ud labored. Who shall say that his "Crown of (;ior\" \\as
not marie brighter by the lightning Hashes of battle at Hartsville that
guhled his wav to the eternal world?

FIRST LIKITKNANT I'HILANDFR TALBOT. Age L'tJ; born In
Poringe County. Ohio; enlisted In istil. but the company was not
aecepteil. Enlisted In Company B. August G. 1S«»2; was appointed
Fifth Sergeant and was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
Hartsville; promoted First Sergeant. D<'cen>ber In. 1S«;2; was in the
Tullahoma and Chlckamauga campaigns; at KIk River and Davis
Cross Roads. In the battb- of Chickanutuga. September !'.• and 20.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 393

1863, fighting on the famous "Horse Shoe" ridge until dark of Sep-
tember 20th. Was in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge, and in the grand charge up the heights was wounded by a
piece of shell at the same moment as Captain Ross: was obliged to
go to hospital, but recovered in time to march with his company on
the Atlanta campaign, and was at Buzzard Roost and in the battles
around Resaca, but becoming disabled from former wound, was sent
back to Chattanooga. Again joined his company at Atlanta and was
in the pursuit of Hood until near Rome, Ga., when he was taken sick
and troubled by the old wound; was sent to Chattanooga, and by
order of General Steedman put in command of a company of con-
valescents, and sent to guard Bridgeport. Ala. In the meantime had
been promoted First Lieutenant, date of commission August 24. 1864.
He subsequently rejoined the Regiment in North Carolina, and was
mustered out June G, 18(J5, after honorable, faithful and zealous
services in the various positions he had filled. After the war, he was
a deputy clerk in the County Court of La Salle County for some time,
Is now a merchant in South Ottawa.

SERGEANT JOSEPH D. PORTER. Aged 32; Iwrn in Ripley,
Brown County, Ohio, a brother of General Porter; enlisted August 11,
1862; appointed Fourth Sergeant; was in the Kentucky and Tennessee
campaigns; participated in the battle of Hartsville, and early in
the action was severely wounded and told to go to the rear. He
replied. '"Not while this work lasts." Soon after the brave Sergeant
was shot again through the forehead, expired in his brother's arms
and joined the "bivouac of the dead." "In the low green tent — whose
curtain never outward turns;" a noble example of American patriot-
ism, bravery and sacrifice.

SERGEANT CROMWELL WOODWARD. Enlisted August 8,
1862, and was appointed Second Sergeant; was in the march through
Kentucky after Bragg, and early gave an example of his "grit" at
Shelbyville, where some rebel slaveholders attempted to drag the
negro cook of Company A out of the ranks. He broke his gun, but
saved the darkey. At Hartsville, Sergeant Woodward was among the
bravest of the brave, firing rapidly himself and encouraging others,
when the fatal bullet ended his life on the field of honor.

SERGEANT ALBERT C. BASSETT. Enlisted August 9, 1862;
appointed Corporal. Served with his company in the Kentucky and
Tennessee campaigns and was in the battle of Hartsville. Promoted
Sergeant; was in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at
Davis Cross Roads and Chickamauga; in the battles of Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign, Sergeant
Bassett was at Buzzard Roost, Resaca. New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, and Peach Tree Creek. In the latter he was wounded, but
continued with his company and commanded it August 7, 1864, at
Utoy Creek. There, while bravely cheering on his men, he fell shot
through the head, and as all believed, by the hands of the same rebel
sharpshooter who killed Fitzsimmons, Craig, and Graves, on the
same day and nearly the same spot. In taking command that morn-
ing, he had relieved Lieutenant Linsley of Company F, who just then
received his I'esignation papers. Sergeant Bassett was a gallant
soldier and his loss felt deeplv by the whole Regiment.

SERGEANT ASA DUNHAM. Age 43; born in Ohio; farmer;
enlisted from Tonica August 11, 1862; appointed Third Sergeant;
was taken sick and unable to be with the Regiment much of the

3M THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOt'RTH

lime. DlwhurRoU for tllKabilily. December 3, 1863. at Chattanoogu.
I8 a retlrvil farmer Jn Kiitluiul.

SKHCJHANT WILLIAM M. t'HAMUKUS. Knllsted from Tonka.
AiiRUHt s. ISO:.'. a|i|>oiiitiM) (*oriH»rHl; wuk at Hartsvllle. and in all the
baidfK and ranipalKns following ttial battle; was wounded at Peach
Tre«' t'r«M-k; was proniot»'d S«'rf:«*ant; mustered out May 27. ISfifi.

SKHCKANT ANliUKW I'. KOSS. Knllsted from Tonica. AurubI
6. ISGL'; appointed Corporal; wan HriKadt* I'oHtinastt-r In the Kentucky
and IVnufKM**- caniiuilgn; promoted SerK«'ant; sent home Hick; died In
hoKpital at MacllHon, Ind.. Novenibt-r L'L*. lS«i3.

SKUlIKANT HKKMAN L. KINNKY. Age 32; born in New York;
enllhted from Tonlca. August !*. 1SG2; was in the battle of Harts-
vlllt>; wounded Hlightly: in the TuUahoma an<l Chickamauga cam-
paigns; at Klk River, DaviH C'ro«« HoadK. and C'hickamauga. Was
in the Atlanta campaign at Huzuird Roost. Resaca. New Hope
Church. Kenewiw Mountain. Teach Tree and I'toy Creeks, Jones-
boro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas; at lientfujville. rromote<l First Sergeant for
meritorious services. Mustered out June tl, ISO.'i.

SKR(;KANT CHAULKS MKNZ. Knlisted from Tonica. August
11. isri2; api>ointe«l Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign and
on picket duty when the battle of Hartsville opened. He helped
to check the rebel advance until line of battle was formed; soon
after was promoted Sergeant. Was in the Tullahoma campaign
and at Klk Itiver. during which he contracted chronic rheumatism.
Mustered out to date .June •>. lK»i5.

SKRCKANT (JRANT J. ROSS. Enlisted from Rden, February
27. lsri4; was in the Atlani:i and Carolina campaigns. Transferred
to Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry.

CORPORAL .IKSSK \\ . RRYANT. Knlisted August 11. 1862;
appointed Corporal. Discharged for disabilitv December 9. 1863.

CORI'ORAL NATHANIKL RICHEY. Age 2o; born In Eden.
Iji Salle County. 111.; farmer; enlisted August 11. 1862; appointed
CoriK)ral; marched with the Regiment to Howling Green. Ky. On
the march from there to Tompkinsville, he was taken with typhoid
pneumonia and left In that town to die. Was paroled by the rebels
after the Regiment left, and finally recovering so that he could
walk, found his way to our lines and subsequent l" to Camp Douglas,
where he was discharged for disability. April 2S. 1S63. Lives at
Redlands. Cal. Is a merchant and banker.

CORPORAL SENECA S. (JALUP. Age - ; born In New York;
teacher; enlisted August H. ISt'.L". from Tonica; appointed Corporal;
was In the battle of Hartsville. and on the Tullahoma and Cliicka-
mauga campaigns; was In the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge; on the Atlanta campaign, was at
Ruzzard Rf>ost. Resaca. New Hope Church, the battles around K«'ne-
uaw Mountain; Peach Tree Creek; the siege of Atlanta and the
engagements at I'toy Creek. Tcnik jtart In the march to the sea; the
campaign of the Carolinas, and the battle of Hentonville. In the
latter wi;b wverely wounded and sent to hosi>ital. Discharged for
wounds at Madison. Ind., May 26. lS6."i. Lives in (Jalva, Kan.

C()RPOR.\L FARirS E. PHELI»S. Enlisted from Putnam
County. August 11, 1862; promoted Corporal: was in the battle of
Hartsville; In the actions of Elk River an<l Davis Cross Roads; at
Chickamauga. IxKikout Mountain and Mission Ridge, Was at Ruz-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 395

zard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain and
Peach Tree Creek, where he was taken prisoner. Mustered out
June 6, 1865.

CORPORAL WILLIAM SEELY. Enlisted August 8, 1862; ap-
pointed Corporal; was in the battle of Hartsville. Transferred to
V .R. C. September 4. 1864.

CORPORAL ROBERT M. WARNOCK. Enlisted August 11, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville; promoted Corporal; in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; in the battle of Chickamauga and
missing there, known to have been severely wounded and was un-
doubtedlv killed.

CORPORAL HENRY WINTERSCHEIDT. Age 18; born in Prus-
sia: farmer; enlisted from Putnam County, August 7, 1862; was in
the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns; in the battle of Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga. Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge. Took part in the Atlanta cam-
paign, and was at Buzzard Roost, Reseca, Kenesaw Mountain
and Peach Tree Creek; was wounded in the left thigh in the latter
battle and sent to hospital at Nashville. Rejoined the Regiment
two months later; promoted Corporal; was in the pursuit of Hood,
the march to Savannah and through the Carolinas; at Bentonville.
Mustered out .lune 6, 186.5. Lives at Baker, Kan., and is a farmer.
See "Incidents."

CORPORAL EDWARD WOOLSONCROFT. Enlisted August 11,
1862; was at Hartsville; promoted Corporal; took part in the Tulla-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns; was in the battles of Chicka-
mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; in the Atlanta cam-
paign was at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw Moimtain. Killed
July 20, 1864, in the battle of Peach Tree Creek, and a brave and
faithful soldier was lost to his country.

CORPORAL FRANCIS M. HALL. Age at enlistment, 25; was
born in Maine; farmer; enlisted August 11, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaign, Chickamauga campaign;
and in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge; appointed Corporal May 13, 1864. Took part in the Atlanta
campaign: was at Resaca, New Hope Church the battles around
Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, and
the various engagements there, and at Utoy Creek and Jonesboro.
Was then furloughed home and unable to rejoin the Regiment, was
detailed as clerk at Louisville. Discharged May 28, 1865. Is a
merchant at East Lvnn, 111.

BENJAMIN W. ANGELL. Age 19; born in Vermilion, La Salle
County; farmer; enlisted August 11, 1862; was in the battle of Harts-
ville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads, the battle of Chickamauga; sick in hos-
pital; was in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, and in the
battles around Resaca; taken sick and sent to Nashville; discharged
for disability July 21, 1864. Is a farmer in Lodemia, Livingston
County. 111.

WILLIAM J. BARTON. Enlisted August 11, 1862: was a team-
ster most of the time and always ready for duty. Mustered out
June 6, 1865. Lives at Walnut, Junietta County, Pa.

CHARLES A. BRADISH. Age 21; born in Hennepin, 111.;
farmer; enlisted August 9, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; in
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; in the battles of

JM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Chlckainaiigii, I.xxikout Moiiiituin uud MiKsiun HidKt'. Was wounded
In tht> hand at llartHville. and in the tthuuldiM- at Chickamaugu.
Mii8t<T«*d out June G, 1866. Lives near Uanttom, 1^ Salle County, and
i8 a farmer.

SIDNEY W. lU'RUESS. Age 23; born In iM Salle County. Ill,;
farmer, eiiliHied AuKUHl «*. iStJl'; was at Harlsville; in tlu' Tulla-
hunia and ChickamauKa camiMiignH; in the battles uf Chickaniauga,
IxMikttut .Mountain. .MiKHion Ridge; was in the Atlanta eamitaign at
liiizzard RooHt. Re»»ata. New Hoi>e Church, the battU-K around Kene-
haw .Mountain and that of IVaih Tree Creek; wounded in the latter
battle; mustered out Se|)tember 1, 18G5, at Ix)uiBVille. Lives in
Toniea. Is a farmer and engine<'r.

liARD.NKR L. CHASE. Enlisted August 8, 1862; was in the
battle of HartKville and wounded in the foot. Discharged for dis-
ability. April lis. 1SG:{.

WILLIA.M CHA.MHERS. Enlisted August 8. 1862; was in the
battle of llart.sville. I)ih<'harKed for disability. 1863.

JOSEPH .M. CHANCE. Enlisted August 4. 1S62; was in the
battle of Hartsville: in the Tiillahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
in the battle of Chickamauga. was mortally wounded on the 20th,
borne from the field by Comrades West and Hasselt on an improvised
stretcher to Rossville, thence to Chattanooga, where the heroic
soldier <lled October 13. 1863.

WILLIA.M H. CLARK. Age 40; born In New York; blacksmith,
and followed his trade while in service; enlisted August 11. 1862.
Discharged November 19. 1863. for disability. Lives in Mound City,
Kan.

SAMIEL 1'. CLARK. Enlisted August 11. 1862; was in the
Kentucky campaigns after Bragg, and in Tennessee; was at Harts-
ville. where he was mortally wounded and died in January. 1863.

JOSEPH A. CLARK. Piiilisted August 8. 1862. Transferred to
V. R. C.

(HLBERT R. CONARROE. Age 22; born in Fort Madison. Iowa;
farmer: enlisted Aiigust 11. 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville. and
with the rest taken prisoner, when the rebels took him for one of
their deserters, (see narrative). Mr. Conarroe was in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River ami Davis Cross Roads,
the batiles of Chickamauga. Lookout .Mountain and Mission Ridge.
During the siege of Chattanooga he asked permission of Colonel
Hajieman. to be detailed as driver in the i)r()vision trains to
Hrldgeport. The Colonel said, "No. you are too good a mark to shoot
at." Took imrt in the Atlanta campaign, at Buzzard Roost. Res;ica,
New Hope Church, the battles of the Regiment around Kenesaw
Mountain, and that of Beach Tree Creek, where he was wounded
July 2<i, 1864. in the left side anil left leg. and was obliged to leave
for a short time. .Not being al)le to rejoin the Regiment, on arrival
at Nashville, he was put In one of the convalescent conipanles to fight
Hooil and was in the battle of Nashville. He was also in the pursuit
after Hood and in the action of Decatur. Ala., when* he and others
crossed the Tennessee under fire of the n-bel batteries. In a note
to the writer he says: "I tell you. »-omrade. I did some winking and
blinking on that occasion." Conarroe was enabled finally to rejoin
his beloved Regiment, hardly one of whose battles he had missed,
near Washington. Was mustered out June G, 1865. Lives In
Middletown, Ohio. Is a farmer.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 397

FRANCIS M. COOK. Enlisted August 11. 1862; was in the battle
of Hartsville; the TuUahoma campaign at Elk River; the battles of
Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. In the pursuit
of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to
Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

ALFRED CURTIS. Enlisted August 7. 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; the
Atlanta campaign; on the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

PETER DAHL. Enlisted from Putnam County August 11, 1862.
Discharged for disability March 2, 1863.

PATRICK DELANEY. Enlisted August 7, 1862. He was a brave
soldier and in a number of battles, but his full record can not be
had. Last heard of in Texas. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JOHN DICKSON. Age 25; born in Denmark; farmer; enlisted
August 11, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; taken sick and
transferred to V. R. C. February 11, 1864. Mustered out September 2,
1865. Lives at Reading, Lyon County, Kansas. Is a farmer.

JOHN A. EVARTS. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was at Hartsville.
Discharged for disability in 1863.

FLORENCE A. GARRISON. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was in the
battle of Hartsville. Died at Gallatin. Tenn., January 2, 1863.

JAMES GARRISON. Age 27; born in Wyoming County. Pa.;
enlisted August 9, 1862, from Farm Ridge; was in the battle of Harts-
ville and severely wounded in the wrist; discharged for wound in
1863. Moved to California and died there May 23, 1894. He was a good
man and brave soldier.

HENRY C. GRAVES. Enlisted August 9, 1862; was in the battle
of Hartsville and wounded. Discharged for disability April 28, 1863.
OLIVER E. GRIEST. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was at Harts-
ville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, in the battles
of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Took part
in the Atlanta campaign up to and including Resaca, where he was
wounded May 14, 1864, in the left arm and had it amputated;
discharged for wound, March 8. 1865. Lives in Kansas.

AUGUST GRONBECK. Enlisted August 11, 1862; died in hospital
at Cincinnati, of disease, December 3, 1862.

ADELBERT S. HANNUM. Enlisted from Putnam County
August 11, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the Chickamauga
campaign; in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. Killed in the latter in the grand charge, November 25,
1863, while bravely climbing up to glory.

JUSTIN S. HALL. Age 22; born in Maine; farmer; enlisted
August 7, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; taken sick and
discharged March 15, 1863. at Camp Douglas for disability. Was
brigade Q. M's. clerk at Hartsville. Lives at Urbana, 111. Is a
farmer.

WILLIAM S. HALL. Age 19; born in Maine; farmer; enlisted
August 11, 1862; was at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma arid Chicka-
mauga campaigns, and in the battle of Chickamauga. Had been a
musician, but threw away his drum at Chickamauga, telling his
commander that he wanted something more effective than a snare
drum; thereafter he carried a musket. Took part in the battles of

tM THE ONE HLNDRED AND FOURTH

l^oukotit Mountain und MlKsiun RidKe; was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca.
Kfiifiuiw Mountain. iVarh Trt^* Creek, the siege of Atlanta. L'toy
t':<.k, Joneslioro; In the iiursult of Hood, the marcli to the sea, the
. liMi-alKn of the Carolinas. the battle of Heiitonville. Always with
hih (oniimny aiul regiment. Mustered out June G, 18t>5. Lives in
t'hJiago. Is a iHXjkkeeper. holding a position of trust in same firm
for many years.

I'KTKR HANSON. Knilsted August 11. IStiJ; was with the
Regiment as far as Rowling (;reen, Ky. Died there of disease in
January. lst>3.

FRANCIS HINCKLKY. Enlisted Atigusl 11. 1862; was In the
battle of Hartsvllle. Discharged for diRability. April 2S. 1SG3.

EDWARD V. Hl'LlNti. Enlisted August S. 18G2: was at Harts-
vllle; in the Tullahoma and Chl<-kamauga campaigns; was wounded
at Chi< kainaiiga. Mustered out June r.'. l.st;ri. Not alive.

EDWARD IHTCHINSON. Age 20; born in Ui Salle County;
was In the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsvllle; In the
Tullahoma and Chl<kamauga campaigns, at Elk River, Davis Cross
Koads. the battles of Chickamauga. Ix>okout Mountain and Mission
Rblge. In the Atlanta campaign at Huzzard Roost. Resaca. New-
Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain. I'each Tree and L'toy Creeks,
Jom-sboro. Was In the ])urKuit of Hood, on the march" to the sea and
through the Carollnas, to Bentonville. Was never absent. I>»fl sick
In Washington. Mustered out July 25, 1805. Lives at Williamstown.
Iowa. Is a farmer.

WARREN HITCHINSON. Enlisted July C. 1862; was at Harts-
vllle and In the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River and Davis Cross Roads. Killed In the battle of Chickamau^.
September 20. 1SG3. .md body never re<-o\ered.

CLARK HITCHINSON. Enlisted August G. 1S62; was in the
Kentticky camjjaign and battle of Hartsvllle; at Elk River. Davis
Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. Taken sick and
discharged November 7. 18G3; dlKability. Died a few years after
the war.

Jl'LirS JOHNSON. Enlisted August 7. 18C2; was In the battle
of Hartsvllle. Discharged in January. 1SG.3. for disability.

JACOB JOHNSON. Age .'{o; born In Denmark; farmer; enlisted
August 11, 1HG2; was In the battle of Hartsvllle and In the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; was wounded in the battl(> of
Chickamauga and taken i)ri8oner; sent to Richmond; was In prison
there three months; in Danville, five months; In Andersonville,
ten months. Released by close of the war and mustered out, same
to date May 24. 1SG.'>. Lives at Hennepin. III. Is a farmer.

ENOCH C. KELLER. Enlisted August S. 1SG2: was In the battle
of Hartsvllle; on «letached duty. Mustered out June 2. ISG.S.

MATTHIAS KESSLER. Enlisted Atigust !». 1SG2; was In the
battle of Hartsvllle; in the Tullahoma campaign at Elk River. In
the battles of Davis Cross Roads. Chickamauga. I>ookout .Motintain
and Mission Ridge. After that detailed to assist as cook and present
in all the campaigns and battles, an efUclent and brave soldier.
Mustered out June G. ISG.'i.

JOHN MOONSON. Enlisted Aiigust 11, 1SG2; was In the battle of
Hnrthville; transfi'rred to V. R. C. February 11. 1S64.

JOHN M. MELLON. Enlisted August 9, 1862; was in the battle
of Hartsvllle; in the Tullahoma <anjpalgn. Was wounded In leg ai

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 399

Brentwood, Tenn., by bushwhackers while on picket. Took part
in the Chickamauga campaign; was in the battles of Davis Cross
Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; in the
Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw, Peach Tree
Creek, Utoy Creek and Jonesboro. Was on the march to the sea and
through South Carolina; captured February 26, 1865, at Stroud's Mill,
S. C, and sent to Richmond; exchanged; mustered out June 6, 1865.

DAVID McCAMPBELL. Enlisted August 11, 1862; promoted
Fife Major; was taking care of the wounded in the field hospital at
Crawfish Springs at the time of the battle of Chickamauga, made a
prisoner and sent to Andersonville. where he died, July 10, 1864;
number of grave, 3,100. In him the Regiment lost a good man.

NICHOLAS MCCORMICK. Enlisted August 7, 1862; was at Harts-
ville; in the Tullahoma campaign; at Elk River; in the battles of
Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca,
Kenesaw Mountain, the siege of Atlanta, in the pursuit of Hood,
the march to the sea and northward. Was with Captain Bill Ross
at Stroud's Mill, S. C, and in the fight was severely wounded in the
wrist, but determined to escape, swam Fishing Creek with one arm,
and with John E. Merritt of Company H, succeeded in rejoining the
Regiment after rumiing the gantlet of the rebel cavalry. "Nick"
was permanently disabled by the wound. Absent, wounded, at
muster out of Regiment. Lives in Utica, 111.

JOHN McDORMAN. Enlisted August 7, 1862; was at Hartsville;
in the Tullahoma campaign; at Elk River; in the Chickamauga
campaign, at Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga;
w^ounded in the latter. Absent, wounded, at muster out of
Regiment.

JAMES R. Mccormick. Enlisted August 10, 1862; detailed as
teamster: mustered out June 6, 1865.

ANDREW MORGANSON. Enlisted August 7, 1862; was in the
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign,
that of the Carolinas and Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

DOMINICK MONS. Enlisted August 9, 1862; was at Hartsville,
in the Tullahoma campaign; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads; in
the battle of Chickamauga; wounded in the latter. In the Atlanta
and Carolina campaigns. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at
Hasper, Iowa.

JAMES McNALLY. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was at Hartsville
and wounded. Deserted April 10. 1863.

LOUIS W. NORRIS. Enlisted August 7, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. At
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Killed in railroad accident
November 1, 1864.

CHARLES W. NORTON. Enlisted August 11, 1862; died of dis-
ease at Columbus, Ky.. January 9, 1863.

MONS OLSEN. Age 23; born in Denmark; farmer; enlisted
August 4, 1862; at Tonica; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma campaign; in the Chickamauga campaign; in the action
at Davis Cross Roads, September 11, 1863; in the battles of Lookout
Mountain, Mission Ridge and Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign

400 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

ai BuzzanI Roost. Kt>Kuca. New Hope Churt-h. the battles around
Keneiuiu Moiiiituin: IVach Tree Creek; In the latter baitle woundoil
In thf U'ti Hld«', but continued with the HfRlnient; In the manli to
the sea. the cainimigu of the C'arollnaK. and the battle of Bentoiiville,
where he wan sevt-rely wounded twice In the rl^ht hip and riglU
knetv AbK<-nt wounded at muster out of Regiment. Lives near
Peru. III. Ik a farmer.

STKl'MEN H. PATTKRSON. Age 21; born In Pennsylvania;
farmer; was In the battb* of Hartsvllle; the Tullahoma campaign,
tht* action at Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Clilckamauga, l>ookoul
Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was In tlie Atlanta campaign at
Buzzard Roost, the battles around Resaca, New Hope Church,
Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree Cr<*ek. the siege of Atlanta, I'toy
Cr»H'k. JoiH'sburo; in the pursuit of liood; the march to the sea: the
campaign of the Carolinas; and the l>attle of Bentonvllle. Always
with th«' Regiment. Mustered out June G, 18Gj. Lives at Cornell,
III. Is a farmer.

C;rSTAV PKTKRSON. Enlisted Augus't 11, lSh'2: was at Harlt^-
vtlle; In the Tullahoma campaign; at I)a\ls Ooss Roads; the baitlesof
Chlckamaug}!. lA)okout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta
campaign at Resaca, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek; wounded in the
hea<l In the latter battle. Was In the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas; at Hentonvllle. Mustered out June 6, 18G5.

WILLIAM PAIL. Enlisted August 11, 18G2; was at Hartsvllle.
Discharged for disiibility April 2S, 1863.

ANDREW PETER. Enlisted August 11, 1802. Discharged for
disability April H. ISiVA.

EDWARD PHILLIPS. Age 17; born In Ui Salle Co»inly; farmer;
enlistJ'd .\ugust 11. 1SC2; was at Hartsvllle; the battles of Davis Cross
Roads, Chickamauga. Lookout .Mountain. Mission Ridge. Took part
In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost. Resaca. Kenesjiw, Peach
TrM* Creek, the siege of Atlanta, I'toy Creek, Jonesboro; in the
pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea, the campaign of the
Carolinas. Bentonville. Musten-fl out June G, 1865. Died December 27.
18H3. from dis«'ase contracted in service.

JOHN REDER. Enlisted A»igu8t 11. 1SC2; was in the Kentucky
campaign after Bragg, and in the battle of Hartsvllle. December 7.
1m;2, wh«-re he was mortally wounded and died in February. 1863, al
Gallatin. Tenn.

WILLIAM T. REDMAN. Enlisted August 11. 1862; deserted Jan-
uary 10. 1M)3.

RICHARD .M. RHEIH.ART. Enlisted August 8, 1862: was in tin
battle of Hartsvllle; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
in the action at Davis Cross Roads: the battles of Chickanutugit,
IxKikout Mountain an<l Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign
at Resa«a, N«'W H«>p<' (Miunh. Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, the siege
of Atlanta. Itoy Cp'<'k; In th«' pursuit of Hood, the nuirch to the
si-a. and through the Carolinas. Killed at Bentonville. N. C.. March
19. IhG.'i, aftiT going through all the foregoing. The only one of the
Regiment killed there.

ADRIAN (L ROBINSON. Age 23; l>orn in Maine; farmer;
••nllstfd August 11. 1K(;2; was in the battle of Hartsvllle; In the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns: In the action at Elk River
and Davis Cross Roads; was d<*talled as teamster, and his health
l>n*aklng down was llnally sint to l/oulsvlltf. where he was dlscharg >d
Jiin<- h. lhG.'j. Llv«'H in Tonira, III.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 401

AUGUSTUS ROBINSON. Age 21; farmer: enlisted August 9, 1862;
was transferred to V. R. C; took part in the battle of Nashville.
Discharged in J«ne, 1865.

HENRY U. ROBISON. Enlisted August 6, 1862; was at Harts-
ville; in the Chickamauga campaign; in the battles of Davis Cross
Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; in the
Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw and Peach
Tree Creek; wounded in the latter severely in three places in the
face. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

CHRISTL4N SCHILLING. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was in the
battle of Hartsville; afterward detailed as cook and present in all tlie
campaigns. Efficient in the Atlanta campaign, many times crawling
on his hands and knees to the skirmish line, pushing the kettles
ahead of him in order to get coffee to the men. They never forgot
it. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

NICHOLAS SHAWBACK. Age 24; born in Germany; enlisted
August 11, 1862, from Lowell; was at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; in the action at Davis Cross Roads;
in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge;
in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope
Church, the battles around Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek; wounded
and taken prisoner in the latter battle; exchanged September 20,
1864; was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas to Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Died Feb-
ruary 4, 1892. Was a member of Randolph Post, G. A. R., at Tonica.

STEPHEN J. SHELTON. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was in the
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
in the action at Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Mortally wounded in the
latter in the grand assault on the enemy's works. Died in Nashville,
June. 1864.

NEWTON M. SHELTON. Enlisted August 9, 1864; was in the
battle of Hartsville and wounded, leg amputated; discharged in
consequence.

DAVID J. STANFORD. Age 25; born in Florence, Oneida
County, N. Y.; farmer; enlisted August 11. 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville: in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; in the
actions of Elk River, Davis Cross Roads; and the battle of
Chickamauga: wounded in the ankle at Hartsville; discharged De-
cember 4, 1863, for disability. Lives at Chatsworth, 111. Is an engi-
neer and surveyor.

LUCIEN STANFORD. Enlisted August 9, 1862; was in the
Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville, where he was
mortally wounded: died February 26, 1863. His arm had been ampu-
tated while in a rebel hospital.

GEORGE STEIDINGER. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was in the
Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville, where he was
killed. December 7, 1862.

CHARLES W. TULLIS. Enlisted August 6, 1862; transferred to
V. C. R.

JOHN C. VAIL. Enlisted August 7, 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and mortally wounded at Hartsville. Died December 9,
1862.

ELISHA WALKER. Enlisted August 9, 1862; discharged for
disability, September 1, 1864.

4dJ THE ONE Hl'NDHED AND FOl'RTH

JOHN E. WAI.WOKTH. Enlisted August 11, 1862; discharged
for disability. J»nuuiy. lhG3.

HA.MIEL W. WAUNOCK. Enlisted August 11. 1862; discharged
for dliuililllty. November li«. 1863.

HOUEHT WEST. Age 30; l>orn In England; farmer; was at
HurtNvltle; In the Tullahonia and Chlckamaugu campaigns; In the
actionH of Klk Ulxer. I»avls CroKs KoadH; the battl**s of Chickamauga,
IxiokoiK Mountain and MIkhIou HIdge. In the Atlanta campaign at
I(ii2;utrd itooKt. the battlcH around H<*»uica. Kenewiw Mountain. IVach
Tr«'e Crt'ek; the siege of .-Mlanta. I'toy Creek, where on AugUHt 7. 1N»J4.
he was severely wounded in the right side and hip by a musket ball.
Discharged February 5, 1865, for wounds. Lives at Gllman, 111. Is a
farnjer.

JOSEPH (!. WHEAT. Enlisted as drummer August 9. 18»iJ; was
In the Kt-ntucky camiialgn ami battle of Hartsville. In the Tullahoma
and Chit-kamauga campaigns, and while attending to the wounded
at (.Miickamauga in th«' field hospital at Crawfish Springs, was taken
prisoner with McCampbell. and sent to the rebel prison hells. Wheat
esca|M'd an<l rejoining the Regiment June 2.'*, IstJl. he beat the long
roll once more, threw ilown his drum and took a musket. Was
thereafter with his company at Kcncsaw. I'each Tn'c and I'toy
Creeks. Jonesboro; In the ])ursult of Hood, on the march to the sea
and through the Carollnas to Bentonvllle. Mustered out June 0, 1865.
Lives somewhere west.

HOWAHD H. WHITE. Enlisted April 11. 1862; was In the
Kentucky and Tennessee campaigns; killed at Hartsville DecemlKr
7. 18r.2.

JOSHCA WILSON. Enlisted August 11. 1862; was at Hartsville;
In the Tullahoma campaign; In the action of Davis Cross Roads, the
battles of Chickamauga. lx)okout Mountain and Mission Ridge;
woun<led In the latter battle. Mustered out June f«. 18t»r>.

THERON WOOLLEY. Age 1;.'.; born In Duchess County. N. Y.;
farmer; enlisted from Tonlca August 9. isr(2; was In the battle of
Hartsville and slightly woun<le(i In the shoulder: In the Tullahoma
campaign; was taken sick and missed Chickamauga and Mission
Ridge; was In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, New-
Hope Church, Kenesaw Moui.taln. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks,
Jonesboro; In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea, and
through the Carollnas, to I^entonville. Mustered out June 6. 186."..
Lives In Chicago.

JOHN P. WOf)LSONCROFT. Enlisted August 11. 1862; he was in
the Kentucky campaign an<l battle of Hartsville; In the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads and
the battle of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard
Roost. Resiica. New Hope Church. Kenesaw .Mountain. Peach Tree
and Ctoy Creeks; In the Oeorgia and Carolina campaigns. .\ brave
Holdler and an upright man. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

RECRIITS.

BALSER ASCHERMAN. Age 19; born In Illinois; farmer;
enlisted November 2r.. lKt;.1; took part In the .\tlanta campaign at
Buzzard Roost. ReHaca, Kenesaw .Mountain. Peach Tree Creek, ami
the siege of .Mhuiia: was in the march to the sea. and the campaign
through the Carollnas. Was transferred at Washington to the
Thirty-fourth IlllnolH Infantrx.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 403

WILLIAM BABCOCK. Enlisted February 29, 1864. Transferred
to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

EDWARD BARMORE. Enlisted from Peru February 29, 18G4.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Lives in Waukegan,
111.

SAMUEL D. BAXENDALE. Enlisted from Peru February 29,
1864; was in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New
Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks,
Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea, and
through the Carolinas to Bentonville, where he was wounded March
19, 1865. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

CHARLES W. CHAMBERS. Enlisted from Tonica, February
29, 1864. Was accidentally wounded at Graysville, Ga. Transferred
to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

DAVID D. DECK. Age 16; born in Dauphin County, Pennsyl-
vania; ran away from school to enlist, February 29, 1864; was in the
Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kene-
saw, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek; in the
pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea, the campaign of the Caro-
linas, and the battle of Bentonville. Transferred to Thirty-fourth
Illinois Infantry. Discharged July 20, 1865. Lives at Hennepin, 111.
Is a farmer.

EDWIN EVERETT. Enlisted February 29, 1865. Transferred
to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

WILLIAM McNAULL. Enlisted March 3, 1865. Transferred to
Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

NELSON F. NOXON. Enlisted February 29, 1864. Died at Vin-
Ings' Station, Ga., July 30, 1864.

GEORGE M. RISDEN. Enlisted February 25, 1865. Died at
Chattanooga, May 25, 1865.

JOSEPH B. SULLIVAN. Enlisted February 25, 1865. Trans-
ferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

MOSES L. TULLIS. Enlisted January 20, 1865. Transferred
to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

STATISTICS OF COMPANY B.

Total enlistment Ill

Killed and mortally woui;ded 17

Wounded 30

Resigned for disability 1

Resigned for promotion 1

Discharged for wounds 5

Discharged for disability 21

Died of disease 7

Died in prison 1

Accidentally killed 1

Accidentally wounded 1

Deserted 2

Mustered out June 6. 1865 27

Mustered out at other dates 7

Transferred to other regiments 11

Transferred to V. R. C 6

Absent, wounded, at M. O 3

Known to be living (December, 1894) 34

riiApii:i: xx\i.

Company C— How und Where Organlxed— Rosier and lilogra-
phles— SlatltillcH.

SKKTCH OF COM 1 'ANY <'

Tin- \\t»rk of raising iiicii for this ininpaiiv l»c;:aii
Aii;;ust \n\i, ISJJI*, in I lie tciwus t>f Mi'iulota, Kailville,
Tiov <;iovr an<l Mfiidcn. lU tlu' Ultli of Aii^iisi a
siin'K-iriii iiiiiiiIm-i- had fiilistrd to form a roiiqcuiv.
Aiiionj; I lie ariive ones in ilic iiioVfiiuMit wen* S. M.
llfslet, .M. \\". Tcwksliurv ami I ). ('. Kvii«*arsou. It
will JM* siHMi iliai iiu (litliriiity whatever was experi-
elicrd ill ^xeltili;: liiell ti> elilisl. Tile wave of entliilsi-

asiii ami patriotism had swept over that part of J.a
Sjille roiiiity like a whirlwind, ami more tUau eiumjjh
to till the ranks offered themselves to their country.
Six days after enlistment Ite^an the rompany was
<ti-;iani/.ed hy tin- cjertioii of Samuel .M. Ileslet as Cap-
tain, Malrom \\ . i'ewkslMiry as I'irst Lieutenant and
l>avid ( '. Kynearson as Second Lieiiienani.

('Iiaih's K. Blown was aitpoinicd I'irst Scriieant,
and Sannicl 15. ( Jiuver, WiHiMiii I hiiiujil, I )avid Hunker
and Samuel Lynn Ser^jeaiits. .Mai(piis L. Hram h,
<}eor;;e K. Lan;,diliii. Liiellcn \\ . \\iiislt»w. Nelson A.
<Jraves, K«d»erl .McSmiih. iieuii:.- W . A very, Thomas K.
.Mtlntyre and .l<>liii W . riiillis wci*- Mp|n>inied < "oi--
p'uals.

The ioiii|(any lia\iu;: rrpuri«'d at (Miawa ln'came
a |»art of theihic Ihindird and l'\mrlli and went into
<'anip to <liill and awail maichin^^ «trdeis. These came
soMii and romjtany (' inaichrd with hrolher comrades
to th<* (Miin h'ivcr. frnm winner he^an its active mil-
itary career as a part of the ^n-aml armies of tln' riiinn

Lieut. M. W. Tewksbury, Co. C. Coro. J. C. Deegan, Co. G.
E. L. Stevens, Co. C. Sergt. W. Harrold, Co. C.

Capt. S. M. Heslet. Co. C. Corp. H. Wlnterschiedt, Co.B.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 405

which swept from Loiiisvilh^ to the sea and from th^e
throni;li the rebel Confederacy to Kaleij^h, only laying
down its arms at the close of the war. The history of
the compan}' became thns a part of the history of the
Regiment and was marked from first to last with
death, wounds and snlTering by its members, in the
cause of the Union, of right and justice. Tlie com])any
was in the Kentucky campaign after Bragg; marched
to Bowling Green; then to Ilartsville, Tenn., where, on
December 7th, 1802, it first learned the taste of rebel
lead and gave its first offering id" blood and life for the
National cause. On that bloody held eiglit of its mem-
bers, Berkstresser, Hastings, iSauressig, \'an Law, Wil-
son, Brennan, Zarr and Foot were killed or mortally
wounded. Twelve were wounded, some severely, Cor-
poral Bullis losing both eyes, a fate that seems worse
than death, and so young, too! John A. Livers lost a
good arm. Captain Ileslet, wounded in both thighs,
resigned March 11th, 1803, and Lieutenant Tewksbnry
was commissioned Captain. In the Tullahoma cam-
paign, after the engagements at Elk River, tiie com-
pany went into camp at Decherd, Tenn. There Captain
Tewksbury resigned on account of ill-health, and the
brave Rynearson, who had been wounded at Ilartsville,
became Captain. Sergeant Brown, who had been pro-
moted, was commissioned First Lieutenant. Promo-
tions of non-commissioned officers followed. Thus
newly equipped Company C followed the path of glory
with the Regiment to the bloody field of Chickamauga.
Squire L. W. Clark was killed and four men wounded.
The company took part in the battles of Lookout Moun-
tain and Mission Ridge. Isaac A. Foot was killed and
Sergeant Lynn wounded severely. In the Atlanta
campaign, the company and his country might well
mourn when Ryuearsou fell at Peach Tree Creek. Fol-
lowing the fortunes of the Regiment, ever in the front,
prompt in duty, brave in battle, Company C men who
now survive, can dwell with proud recollection on the
record of living and dead, in the world's greatest strug-
gle for Government and human freedom.

«<W THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

ROSTER OF THE COMPANY.
CAI»TA1N SAMUEL M. HESLET. Age 36; born In V'ayene
Uou,m- T.n«HvtvHnl«: teacher. Knll»ied Aug.,81 « ISO^: ^ "« ' " ., f;
K^n uVk andTcnnc^Me. ca.npalKUH. and In Ihe battle of H""^**- »"^'
IH'I-Zu^r 7 1S02. where he ably and bravely fO"""»»f ^, !^'^„^°"!;
L. »v was wouniled severely In both IhlghH by ^*° »>'»"«• ^ n
wbU-h he «llll earrlen; resigned on accounl of wounds. March 11.
MiAi I iv.'H In Mondota 111.; retln-il from bvislnesB.

CAl^MN MAUH3M NV. TKWKSIilUY. Age 27; born In New

March 11 IStiH In the Tullahoma campaign and the actions arouncl

Slnna and Elk Ulver. Resigned at l>;f--'- Jj7,i/,"'>is ^l'
1SG3. Was an able ofllccr and his loss regrelfd. Died Jul) o, 188..

'" 'uaFTxIn' DAVID C. RYNE4RSON. Enlisted from Troy Grove

^x s^;^-:^ts:nt;reirr^ -• ?-£ S

^yonu^ram h S ^^' 1 «•.: • on the resignation of Captain Tewks-
wroori at in the battles of Lookout Mountain and M sslon
RUlie ?.. \U>inta .ampaipn. Captain Uynearson was always

r iree creeK capialn Rvnearson was a brave and

^°,";X,..'':mcer.''l>.°,.rre^r.>?d U,- a., an.Movj.., ,,y J;!^^™"^^
Alwavs cool and collected In the hour of battle, he was regaraeu

nn.l Chl<kamuaga campaigns at ^;' »^ /J'^^^,'^ ■/'",';',, j j,,,,. :^o 1SG3.

EF:>S;S?S;Hrra;='"r-'rs.s

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VCJLI'NTEERS. 407

Bunker was sent to hospital from Resaca, and finally discharged for
wounds, as First Sergeant, June 14, 1865. Lives in Lawrence, Kan.,
and is superintendent of the wagon making department in the In-
dian school there.

SERGEANT SAMUEL B. GROVER. Enlisted from Earlville,
August 13, 1862; appointed Sergeant; was in the battle of Harts-
ville. Died at home, .January 8, 1863.

SERGEANT WILLIAM HARROLD. Age 24; born in England;
shoemaker; enlisted August 13, 1862; appointed Sergeant; was in
the battle of Hartsville; in the TuUahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns; in the battle of Chickamauga, and wounded there. Took
part in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; was in
the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw, Peach
Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, and .Jonesboro. Was
wounded the second time near Atlanta, August 3, 1864. Was in
Nashville at the time of the battle there and acting Quartermaster
of a battalion of convalescents. Rejoined the Regiment in North
Carolina and was wounded near Raleigh, April 10, 1865, for the third
time, by a torpedo planted in the road by the rebels, and was taken
to Richmond in an ambulance. Mustered out at Washington, June
6, >865. Lives at Edinburg. III. Is a police magistrate of that town.

SERGEANT SAMUEL LYNN. Age 26; born in Fayette County,
Pennsylvania; farmer; enlisted August 11, 1862, from Earlville; ap-
pointed Sergeant; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the Chicka-
mauga campaign and battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the latter was severely wounded, and dis-
charged for wounds, February 23, 1864. Lives in Earlville. Is an
insurance agent and coal dealer.

SERGEANT STEPHEN A. SIGNOR. Enlisted from Earlville,
August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Harts-
ville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge; in the Atlanta campaign and its batfles; on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Mus-
tered out as First Sergeant June 6, 1865.

SERGEANT HIRAM BECK. Age 31; born in Pennsylvania;
carpenter; enlisted from Mendota, August 13, 1862; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the
battle of Chickamauga. Was wounded in the left arm at Harts-
ville. Was in nearly all the other battles of the Regiment. Pro-
moted Sergeant for meritorious services. Mustered out June 6, 1865.
Lives at Narka, Kan. Is Justice of the Peace.

SERGEANT GEORGE W. Avery. Enlisted August 13, 1862; ap-
pointed Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign. Promoted Ser-
geant for meritorious services. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives in
Nebraska.

CORPORAL LUELLEN W. WINSLOW. Enlisted August 13.1862,
from Earlville; appointed Corporal; was in the battle of Hartsville;
wounded in the hand; discharged for wound December 24, 1862. Re-
enlisted in the 100-dav service; now lives in Earlville, 111.

CORPORAL NELSON A. GRAVES. Enlisted from Mendota,
August 13. 1862; appointed Corporal; was in the battle of Hartsville;
discharged August 22, 1863, for disability.

CORPORAL ROBERT McSMITH. Enlisted from Troy Grove,

4aS THK ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

AuKUKt 11. IKC:.': upi>olntP<l Corporal; was In the Kentucky cam-
puiKH- TranHffrrtMl to V. U. C. November 2'S. 1SG3. Lives at Clrau-
vllle. 111.

C'OUIH)HAL MAKQl'IS L. BRANCH. EnlUted from Mendoia.
AuKUMt 13. ISGl': ap|>ulute<| Cori>oral; discharged for diiiablllty, Ociu-
Ut 1M. ls«;j.

CORI'OUAL t:i:OHt:E E. LAIC.HLIN. Enlisted from Troy
Crove, AuKUHt II. 1862; appointed Corporal; discharged for disability
March 7. 18C3.

C()RI»<)KAL THOMAS E. McINTYRK. Enlisted from Earlvllle.
August 13. ls«;i:; was with the Regiment as far as Tumpkinsvillc.
Ky.; taken si<-k ami left there. Hied December S. 1SG2.

CORPORAL JOHN \V. HILLIS. Age 21; born In New York;
farmer; enlisted froni Troy (;ro\e, August 11. lsr.2; was In the battle
of HartsvilU- and there lost both eyes. Discharged January 14. ISW.
for wuunds. Llv«'s at Iowa Falls, la. Dr. Freeman, who attended
him on the field, says that the brave soldier requested him to "see
to others who were worse off."

CORPORAL JA.MES LOCIAN. Enlisted from Earlvllle. August
14. 18C2; was at Hartsvllle; In the battles of Chlckanumga. !x)okout
Mountain and Mission Rl<lge; appointe<l Corporal; was In the- At-
lanta campaign, at Buzzard Roost. Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain.
Kllleil there June 17. lSt;4. A brave soldier fell.

CORPORAL EDWARD .MINSON. Enlisted August 13. 1862;
was at llartsville; promoted Coiporal; In the TuUahoma and Chlcka-
mauga campaigns; In the battles of Chlckamauga. Lookout .Moun-
tain and Mission Ridge. Took part In the Atlanta cam|>algn at
Buzziirtl Roost. Re.'yica. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree Creek. In
the latter Corporal .Munson was killed. He had the name of being
the best drilled soldier In the company and was on the eve of being
commissioned in the colored troops when he met his death at Peach
Tree Creek.

CORPORAL DEMARQIIS L. .MITCHELL. Age 20; born in
Augusta. Me. First served In Twenty-third Illinois Volunteers, and
was captured at l^xinglon. .Mo.: enlisted from .Merhb-n. .\ugust 2«t.
l.s»;2: was In the battle of Hartsvllie and took part in the Tullahoma
an<l Chlckamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, the
battles of Chlckamauga. Lookout .Mountain and .Mission Ridge. In
the .-\tlanta campaign was pn-sent at Buzzard Roost. Resaca. New
Ho|M» Chunh. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree Creek. Was wounded
In the h«'a<l in the latter battle and sent to Chattanooga. Mean-
time. Sherman had started for the sea and Corporal .Mitchell In the
spring of ISfifj, was onlered to Join the Regiment, which he did at
(ioldsboro. When the Atlanta campaign opened he was recom-
mended for a commission In the Inlted States Colored Troops and
when near Kenetuiw was ordered to Washington, but did not accept.
Mustered out June •;. lSt;.'i. Lives at Columbus. Kan. Is lK»puty
Sheriff of Cherokee County.

CORPORAL JA.MES (J. ItALPH. Enlisted August 9. 1862.
from .Mendota; was at Hartsvilje. in the battles of Chlckamauga.
I^Mikout .Mountain and .Mission Ridge, .\ppolnted (^)rporal: took
part In the Atlanta campaign: was at Resaca. Kenesaw .Mountain
and I'each Thh- Creek, Wounded In the latter battle. In the right
nrm. Abs4-ni wounded at muster out of Regiment. Lives at
Aiironi. III.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 409

CHARLES P. AVERY. Enlisted from Earlville, August 13, 1862;
was in the Kentucky ('ami)aign. Mustered out .June t), 1865.

LEVI BROWN. Age 10; born in Pennsylvania; blacksmith; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Taken sick and
discharged for disability, August 1, 1863; wounded slightly at Harts-
ville. Lives in Waterloo, la., at the age of 72.

SAMUEL BANKS. Age 17; born in Pennsylvania. Enlisted
August 11, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville and slightly wounded
there. Took part in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. During the siege of Chattanooga, drove team to
Stevenson, Ala., and was present when Wheeler's cavalry attacked
the supply train in the Sequatchie Valley. He escaped with his
team; was in the Atlanta campaign and at Resaca, Kenesaw Moun-
tain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. Mustered out August 17, 1865.
Lives in Beloit, Kan. Stone mason contractor.

HENRY D. BANKS. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 13,
1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis
Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge,
and in part of the Atlanta campaign. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JONATHAN BANKS. Age IS; born in Pennsylvania; farmer;
enlisted from Troy Grove, August 11, 1862; was in the battles of
Hartsville and Mission Ridge. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at
Troy Grove, 111. Is an engineer.

DAVID C. BALLARD. Enlisted from Earlville, August 13, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and at Hartsville. Was company
cook during the service. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

SOLOMON W. BUNKER. Enlisted from Mendota, August 13,
1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville;
in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis
Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga, where he was wounded
in his right hand. He was the oldest man in the company, but clear
grit all through. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

DAVID BERKSTRESSER. Enlisted from Mendota, August 14,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where
he was killed December 7, 1862.

CLARENCE BRENNAN. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 11,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where
he was mortally wounded, and died at Gallatin, Tenn., December
20, 1862.

SQUIRE L. W^ CLARK. Enlisted from Dimmick, August 11,
1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns, and the battle of Chickamauga, where he was
killed September 20. 1863.

ALMON L. COOK. Age 20; born in Maine; blacksmith: enlisted
from Mendota. August 13, 1862; was in the battles of Hartsville,
Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge; in the Atlanta campaign, at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, New
Hope Church, the battles around Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, the
siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro; the pursuit of Hood; the
march to the sea; the campaign of the Carolinas and Bentonville.
Was wounded in the foot at Savannah, Ga. Mustered out June 6,
1865. Lives in Barnston, Neb. Is Postmaster.

LEMUEL L. CADY. Age 19; born in Tioga County. Pa.;
farmer; enlisted from Earlville, August 13, 1862; was in the Ken-

410 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

turky campaiKU and battle of Hartsville. In part of the Tnllahonm
caniputKn. Tmn»ferred to I. C, November 25, 18G3. Died at
WlllianiK. la.. April 15, \Si>\.

CKOKtJK C'ADY. KuliHted from EarlvlUe. August 13. 1862.
MuHtered out June C, lhG5.

SAMUEL 11. IWKH. KuliHted from Mendota. August 14, 1862;
was in ttie battle of Hartsville; died at Camp Chase, Ohio, January
17. IhGS.

WlNTMUOl* E. COLLINS. Enlisted August 15, 1862; was In the
Kentucky fumiMign. Discharged for disability January -1, 1S63.

JOHN A. C(H>K. Enlisted August 15. 1S62; was in the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and ChickaniauKU campaigns; in the
battles of Chickamauga. lx>okout .Mountain and .Mission Hidge. In
the .\tlanta campaign, at Duzzard Roost. Uesaca. Kenesaw Mountain.
In front of the latter. June 17. 1S04. he was mortally wounded, sent
to Nashville, and died July 19. 1K64.

ROBERT C. DOANE. Age 22; born In New York; farmer; en-
listed .August 13. iStiL'. from Earlville; was wounded In the battle of
Hartsville. Took part in the battles of lx)okout Mountain and .Mis-
sion Ridge, was at Huz^ard Roost. Discharged for disability, January
14. 1864. Lives at I'laindeld. 111.

SAMIEL J. DOANE. Enlisted August 13. 1862, from ISarlvllle;
was In the battle of Hartsville; in the Chlckama\iga campaign; the
battles of Davis Cross Roads. Chickamauga. I^ookout .Mountain and
Mission Ridge. Was in the .Vtlanta campaign, at Buzzard Roost,
Resaca. New Hoik» Church, the battles around Kenesaw, Teach Tree
Creek; the sb-ge of Atlanta. I'toy Creek, where on August 7, 1864.
he was severely wounded and absent wounded at muster out of
Regiment.

JOHN \V. DAVIS. Enli.sted from Earlville. August 20, 1862; was
at Hartsville, Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chlckama\iga. Ix>ok-
out Mountain and .Mission Ridge. In the .Atlanta campaign, at Buz-
zard Roost. Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain, Beach Tree Creek, the siege
of .Atlanta, and I'toy Creek, where on August 7. 1S64. he was wounded
in the shoulder. .Mustered out June 7, 1S65.

SA.MCEL W. EDWARDS. Enlisted from Troy Grove. August
11. 1862; was a member of the Regimental Band, and on its dishaml-
ment was detailed and in the Brigade Band during the war. Absent
sick at muster out of Ueginieni. Is said to resid ■ in Kansas.

WILLI A.M EDWARDS. Enlisted from Troy C.rove. August 14.
1862; member of Regimental and Brigade Bands. Absent sick at
muster out of Regiment. Lives somewhere in Kansas.

FREDERICK FOOT. Enllsied from Freedom, August 14. 1862;
he was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where
he was mortally wounded. Died February lo. lSfi3.

ISAAC A. FOOT. Enlisted from Earlville. .August 14, 1862; was
at Hartsville, In the action of Davis Cross Roads, the battles of
Chlckanuiuga. l.,ookout .Mountain and .Mission HidRe. In the latter
he was killed In the aswiult. November 25. 1863.

FREDERICK L. CLOVER. Enlisted August 14. 1862; mustered
ojit June 6, 1S65.

HA.MILTON GOLDEN. Enlisted August 20, 1862. Died at C.al-
latln, Tenn.. January 7. 1863.

DUANE .M. HARRIS. Enlisted from Eagle. August 15. 1S62.
Died at liowllng (Jreen, Ky., Nt)vember 21, 1862.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 411

THOMAS HASTINGS. Enlisted from Mendota, August 13, 1862;
■was in the Kentucky campaign. Killed in the battle of Hartsvilie,
December 7, 1862.

FREDERICK C. HESS. Age 24; born in Germany; farmer; en-
listed from Troy Grove, August 9, 1862; he was in the Chickamauga
campaign at Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga.
Was in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; in the
pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas
to Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Is a farmer at Grundy
Center, la.

ALBERT HARRIS. Age 24; born in New York; farmer; en-
listed August 22, 1862; was in the Chickamauga campaign at Davis
Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge; Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy
Creek, Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood; on the march to the sea;
the Carolina campaign and Bentonville; slightly wounded in the
latter battle. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Emington, III.
Is a retired farmer.

JAMES R. HOFFMAN. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 11,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign. Transferred to I. C, November
25, 1863.

HERMAN HOFFMAN. Enlisted from Earlville, August 11, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged March 7, 1865; disability.

JOSIAH HARDING. Enlisted from Earlville, August 15, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged for disability Decem-
ber ll; 1863.

JOHN A. IVES. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 13, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged August 26, 1863; dis-
ability.

BENJAMIN JACK. Enlisted from Earlville, August 12, 1862.
Discharged October 2, 1862; disability.

JAMES M. JACK. Enlisted from Mendota, August 12, 1862;
deserted March 15, 1863.

CHARLES H. JEWETT. Enlisted from Earlville, August 13,
1862; was wounded seriously in the battle of Hartsvilie, and dis-
charged for wounds. May 24, 1863.

JAMES A. KERSEY. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 13,
1862; wounded at Hartsvilie and discharged for wounds, December
24, 1862.

ROMAN KNAPP. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 11, 1862;
discharged for disability, January 5, 1863.

JAMES KNOX. Enlisted from Mendota, August 15, 1862. Mus-
tered out June 6, 1865.

JOSEPH LEWIS. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 11, 1862;
became Bugler; was at Hartsvilie, Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. On the Atlanta campaign;
in the pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea and the campaign of the
Carolinas. No man was better known, nor so well known, in the
Regiment, as "Joe." When he blew his bugle all knew the sound
and that it meant business. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Troy
Grove.

JAMES H. LOUCKS. Enlisted from Mendota, August 13, 1862;
deserted before muster in.

ADDIS LINN. Enlisted from Dimmick, August, 11, 1862; was

411' THE ONE HITNDRED AND FOURTH

ill the bailie of Harisviile; died at Camp I^w Wallace. Ohio. Decem-
ber -'3. 18C1'.

EDWAKl) P. I. YON. Age 24; born In New York; farmer; en-
llHled AiiKUHt 11. \S(i'2. from Mendoiu; wan iu the battle of HarlsviUe;
in the baitleK of CMilrkumauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Hidgc.
Iu the Atlanta campaiKii at Ituzuird KooKt. KcBaca, Kenes<iw Muun-
lain. IVarh Tree Crtn-k. the HieRe of Atlanta, L'toy Creek. JoneHboro;
In the pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea, the camitaiKn of the
CarolinuH. Hentonville. Mustered out June ti, 1865. Lives at Wil-
llaniK. la. Is a retired farmer.

CLEMENT LIELLEN. Enlisted from Mendota, August 11.
18G2; was In the Kentucky campaign. Discharged for disability,
March 7. 1863.

JOHN A. LIVERS. Age LM; clerk; enlisted August 11. lSt!2; In
the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville. where he was
Berlously wountled. causing loss of the left arm. Discharged for
wound. January 27. IStl.X. Lives at lonla. Kan. Retired farmer.

(;E<)RC.K C. MOKFATT. Age :?2; born in New York; farmer;
enlisted from Mendota. August '.«. ls»»2; marched with the Regiment
to Rowling (Ireeii, Ky., taken sick with lung trouble, and discharged
January 20, \H*V.i. Lives at .Vrmstrong. Neb. Is a farmer.

THt)MAS H. MAHKLKY. Enlisted from Earhille. August 14.
1862; was at HartHville. Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chicka-
mauga. lx>okout Mountain an<l Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign; the campaign of the Caroiinas. Was In the battle of Ben-
ton vllle. where he was wounded March 19. ISG.'i. Absent wounded at
muster out of Regiment.

JAMES C. MDOWELL. F:nll8ted from Troy Grove. August 11.
1862; was In the Kentu<ky campaign and battle of Hartsville; at
Jon»'sboro. on the march to the sea and through the Caroiinas to
Bentonvilie. Mustered out June 6, 1S6.'.. Lives near Mendota. 111.

JERRY M. I'ORTERKIKLI). Enlisted from Mendota, August
11. 1862; was in the Kentuckv campaign. Discharged Julv 2". ls»'>3;
disability.

JAMES W. I'OMEROY. Enlisted from Mendota. August 11.
1862; was In the Kentucky canii>aign and battle of Hartsville; In the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roado, an<l Chi<-kamauga. In the Atlanta campaign at Huzzard
Roost. Resaca. New Hojie Church. Kenesaw Mountain and Peach
Tree Creek, where he was wounded and never seen again; supposed
kille.l.

ISAAC POLLENS. Enlisted August 13. 1862: nothing further
known.

JAMES N. POOL. Enlisted from Earlvllle. August 13. 1862; was
In the Kentucky campaign ami battlc^of Hartsville. Died In Chicago,
March 24. 1863.

WASHlNtJTON (J. PARKER. Enlisted from Mendota. August
11, 1862; was at Hartsville; In the battles of Chickamauga. lx)okout
Mountain an<l Mission Ridge. Took part in the .Mlanta campaign
at HuzzanI Roost, l{esa<a. Kenesaw .Motintain and P«'ach Tree Creek.
Killed In tli«- lati.r baitb'. July 20, 1864. He was noted for having the
brightest gun in th<' company.

HENRY PHLNEY. Enlisted from Mendota. August If). 1862;
denerted D<'(i'mber 2.'». 1862.

JACOH PHILLIPS. Age 17; l>orn In Stark County. Ohio; farmer;

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 413

enlisted from Troy Grove, August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and the battle of Hartsville. Was in a part of the Tulla-
homa campaign; taken sick and discharged for disability, September
17, 1863. Lives at Clay Center, Kan.

WILLIAM PETERS. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 15, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JOHN B. RALPH. Enlisted from Mendota, August 13, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Transferred to V. R. C, January
27, 1864.

GEORGE RANSBERGER. Enlisted from Troy Gvbve, August
20, 1862. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Troy Grove, 111.

JOHN G. REEDER. Age 21; born in La Sallc^ County; farmer;
enlisted from Troy Grove, August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and the battle of Hartsville; in the action of Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Was wounded in the last
named battle in the right side. Transferred to V. R. C, March 15,
1865. Lives at Marshalltown, la.; contractor.

AMBROSE RISDON. Enlisted from Mendota, August 13, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged for disability, January
2, 1863.

WILLIAM H. RHODES. Enlisted from Mendota, August 13,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged for disability,
July 20, 1863.

EDGAR L. STEVENS. Age 19; born in Seneca County, N.
Y.; farmer; enlisted August 13, 1862, from Earlville. Marched with
the Regiment in the Kentucky campaign to Tompkinsville, Ky.,
and was left there very sick; recovered after several months and
escaped to our lines; rejoined the Regiment at Camp Douglas; was
in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; the actions at Davis
Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca.
the battles around Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege
of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. Was furloughed home; returned
to Nashville, took part in the battle of Nashville and the action at
Decatur; after that guarded railroads until sent in spring of 1865,
with others, to North Carolina; rejoined the Regiment at Goldsboro.
Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Woolstock, la. Is a minisier of
the Gospel in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

PETER J. SAURESSIG. Enlisted August 14, 1862, from Mendota;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Killed at Hartsville, Tenn., Decem-
ber 7, 1862.

DALLAS SMILEY. Enlisted August 14, 1862. Deserted January
1, 1863.

ALEXANDER A. SHERLOCK. Enlisted from Earlville, Au-
gust 15, 1862. Transferred to V. R. C, January 27, 1864.

OSCAR SAYLES. Enlisted from Earlville. August 14, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville and severly wounded there. Re-
covered and rejoined the Regiment; in the Chickamauga campaign.
Died at Chattanooga, October 26, 1863.

WILLIAM VAN LAW. Enlisted from Mendota. August 13, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and in the battle of Hartsville, where
he was mortally wounded and died the same day, December 7, 1862.

JAMES E. WILKINS. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 13,
1862; was teamster and served faithfully during the entire term.
Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Troy Grove, 111.

414 THE ONE HUNDRF:D AND FOURTH

WILLIAM S. WINSI.OW. Eull8le«l from Karlville, August 13.
1862; wnM in iho battif of HfirtDVlllo. In the Tullationia rampaign
h«* wax wouniltMl In the left haml at KIk Itlver. Took part in tho
battlcH of t'hIrkamuuKa, l^>ukout Mountain and MiHsion Itidgp. Was
In the Atlanta canipiiiKn and ittt ImttloH; on tlu* march to the sea
and northwar<lB. Mustered out June «>, 1KG5. Live* at Karlville, III.

tIKOKC.K WHITK. KnIiHted from Karlville. AugUHt 13. lt>62;
dittoharged for disiibilitv October 2. 1S«;'_'.

JAMKS M. WILSON. Knlisted from Karlville, August 12. 18G2:
waj* in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Harlavllle, where
he wa« killed December 7, 1S02.

CHATNCKY-J. WIXOM. Age 23; l)orn at Troy Grove. I^ Salle
Count V farmer: enlihted AuguKt 12, 1SG2; wan in the battle of
HartHville; In the battleg of C'hlckamauga. lookout Mountain and
Mltwlon Hldge. Wounde<l near Hrldgeport, Ala., while with wagon
train. Trannferred to Invalid Corps, January 3o. 1864. Lives at Clay
Center. Kan.

FRANCIS ZARH. Knlisted from Elarlvllle. August 15, 1S62;
wan in the march through Kentucky and Tennessee. Killed at Harts-
ville. D«'cember 7, 1SG2.

RKCRl'ITS.

WILLIAM T. Bl'LLIS. Age 23; born In New York; enlisted
D«Hember 14, 18C3, at Dixon. Was In the Atlanta campaign at
Buzzard Roose. the battles around Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain. In
the Imttle of Nashville. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois In-
fant rv. Lives in Valentine. Neb. Is Cltv Marshal.

ARRAM D. CLARK. Knlisted April' H». 1S03; was In the Tulla-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns. Was wo>inded and taken
prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, September 20. 1863; escaped
afterwards and came Into our lines. Discharged for wounds April
21, 1864.

JOHN L. WARNKR. Knlisted August 27, 1S64; he was at Jones-
boro. In the ])ursult of Hood, on the march to the sea and through
the Carollnas to Bentonvllle. Mustered out June 6. 1865. Lives at
Streator. III.

STATISTICS OF COMPANY C.

Total enlistment 98

Killed and mortally wounded 16

Wounded 28

Resigned for wounds 1

I >isi liarged for wounds 8

R.slgn.Ml for disability 1

Dis<harged for disability 18

Died of d Isease 8

De!M*rted 4

Mustered out June 6. 1805 1'6

.Mustered out at other dates 2

Transferred to V. R. C 4

Transferred to I. C 3

Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry 1

.M)Hent. woun«led, at M. 0 3

.Vbsent. Hick, at M. 0 2

I'nknown 1

Known to Im» living (December. 1894) 35

Capt. Thos. Clark. Co D.
Sergt. H. E. Price, Co. D.
Capt. W. H Collins. Co. D.

Corp. 0. Slagle, Co. D.
Sergt Geo. Marsh. Co. D.
Sergt. M. Kirkpatrick. Co. D

CHAPTER XXVII.

Company D— How and Where Organized— Roster and Biogra-
phies— Statistics.

SKETCH OF COMPANY D.

When in the summer of 1862 the prochimat ion of
President Lincoln was issued eallinj^ for (;(I(),()(HI more
men, and La Salle County determined to raise another
re<iiment, William H. Collins, then 'a prominent resi-
dent of \j:\ Salle, be<j;an recruiting for what heeanie
Company D. The ranks Avere tilled in a short time, or
between the 5th and 15tli of August, with some of the
best material in the count}', the townships south of
the Illinois River furnishing a large percentage. The
organization was then effected. William 11. Collins,
who had seen service in the Tenth Illinois Infantry,
Avas elected Captain, William E. Brush First Lieuten-
ant, James Snedaker Second Lieutenant. The follow-
ing were announced as Sergeants: Thomas Clark,
Zenas R. Jones, William P. Miller, William Rassin-
dale. Henry Upton, John 11. Shepherd, Thomas C.
Steven, John T. Post, William C. Brown, Sherman
Leland, Luther A. Wilson, Henry Morgan and Cyrus
H. Makeever were appointed Corporals. Thus e(iui])ped
Avitli officers the company reported at Ottawa and went
into camp as part of the One Hundred and Fourth,
receiving the designation of "D." After a few days
spent at Camp Wallace the Regiment was ordered to
Louisville and the company thereafter participated in
all the fortunes of the cominand, marching through
Kentucky and Tennessee to Hartsville, where, on De-
cember 7th, 1862, aipart of it was called upon to defend
the flag and offer up valuable lives and blood in the
cause of country. Going into the battle with about
forty men, the rest being on detached duty. Company
D lost in killed Corporal Thomas G. Steven, Abram IT.

416 Till. < 'M- 111 .\i'i;i.i' .\.\i> F<tUHTII

Austin :in«l «losf|ili L. Sapp. Tni \\«t«' woniMlfd. 'I'lic
iililf Liaiul iimlt-r tin* i<uiiiuainl <»! Sfijifaiii Zeiias K.
JoufS fovfiHMl itself Willi ^l«»iv. In tlit* famous a«l
vann* to Tnllahonia in .Inuf, '•»:{, tin' coinjKiny, uimIci-
raptain r«illins, aWdiMl a;:ain to its li^ilniii;: rc» ui<l liy
thf «-a|»tun* t»f I In* n-ln-l stockadt* at l!lk Kivci-, l»y Scr-
;;t*aiit (5»*or^f Marsh ami his \oliint«M'rs from tin* (•••iii-
panv. ri'ior t«» this Licntcnant l>rush ha<l <litM| aM<l
LifUtmant Sn»'»lakcr ha*l iMsl^nctj. St-r^irants <Maik
an<l Jones had Im*«mi pronioird Limtcnants. At Chick-
iinian^a rmnpany 1) fonj:ht with l»rav«*i-v equal to any.
All eiiuinerat ion of its sn-N ires t hrij-aftei- won hi iiuhuh*
«*very hatth'fichi in wliith ilif Kf;;inn'nt foujiht from
< "hai tanou;;a io Atlanta, to tin* sea and Urnit»n\ ill**;
in all of wliirh tin* ronipany dist in^uisln-d itself and
^ave its sluire of Idoud and iixcs. When inustt*red out
at W'ashin^'^ton in '<!."» the shattered ranks told the sttuy
of its arhirNcnieiits and st'ivices hy the ahseine of ihtis«-
wlm had fallen l»y tin* way or lay « rippli-d and diseased
in ii"ii lii'iii homes.

ROSTER OF THE COMPANY.

CAI'TAl.N WII.I.IAM H. COI.Ll.N'S. Age 31; born at Collins-
vllie. 111.; Journalist; i-nlisted in AugtiHt. 18tJ2, at La Salle, and l>e-
camo actively engaged in raising men for a company. On its or-
ganization he was elected Captain. In theelection for Regimental ofli-
cers. wa« elected Lieutenant-Colonel, hut Colonel Moore ri'fused to ac-
quIeKce in the choi«-e, so Captain Collins went out with his company
to the front. I'nder him Com|;any 1) became well drilled and dis-
ciplined, and jirepared for the future hard services it encountered
on many battlefields, always with honor to it.self and olticers. Cap-
lain Collins led his compftny in the Kentiicky and Tennessee cani-
paignK to Hartsville. While there he was detailed with twenty-
flve of hi8 men to guard a supply train to Gallatin and was thus
unable to participate in the battle of Hartsville. He commanded
on the Tuliahoma campaign, and in the affair at Elk River. Took
part in the Chickamauga campaign; in the action of Davis Cross
Roads, September 11, lsr,;{; In the battles of Chickamauga, I^ookout
Mountain and Mission liidge. When (leneral Palmer became com
manrler of the Fourteenth .\rmy Corps. Captain C<dlins was detatled
to command the entire Ambulanci> Cor|>s. and remjilm-d in that
l>OHition through the Atlanta campaign. He resigned November 11,
1XG4, and was appointed Provost Marshal of the Twelfth District
of IllinoiH. resignation to take effect D<'iember .11, lSt>r>. After the
war. Captain Collins engugetl successfully in Ixisiness in Quincy.
III., but <-ould not avoid taking an occasional hand in |>olitics; was
elected to the 1.^'gislature. As a public speaker and orator. Captain
CoIIInN was rtble and impresHlve, a fact well remembered by the

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 417

Regiment during tlie war, and by his friends and political opponents
since. Is now enjoying the twilight of his days in peace and com-
fort at Quincy, but does not cease to take an interest in public
affairs, and stands very high in the esteem of his fellow citizens.

CAPTAIN THOMAS CLARK. Age 24; born near Quebec,
Canada. Was in the three months' service in 18GI; came to La Salle
and engaged in the manufacture of carriages. Enlisted August
4, 1862; was appointed First Sergeant; took part in the Kentucky
campaign and the battle of Hartsville. Promoted Second Lieutenant,.
December 31, 18(32; First Lieuteneant, April 13, 18C3. Participated in
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign. Lieutenant Clark, ia
command of his Company, was present at Buzzard Roost, of Rocky
Face, the battles around Resaca, New Hope Church; the battles
around Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. In the latter
battle. Lieutenant Clark was severely wounded in the thigh and
permanently disabled. Was commissioned Captain, November 10,
1864, but not mustered. Discharged for wounds. May 15, 1865. Cap-
tain Clark was a brave soldier and capable officei-, and highly re-
garded by all. After the war, he lived at La Salle and Ottawa; was
Deputy Sheriff two terms under R. C. Stevens; Sheriff, one term.
Captain Clark died January 23, 1883, his death being hastened by
his army service.

FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM E. BRUSH. Enlisted in Au-
gust, 1862; elected First Lieutenant; was with his company in the
Kentucky campaign; at the time of the Hartsville battle, was sick in
the hospital. Taken sick in Camp Douglas, and died in Chicago,
April 13, 1863.

FIRST LIEUTENANT .JOHN T. POST. Age 35; born in Yates
County, N. Y.; farmer; enlisted August 15, 1862, from Grand Rapids.
Was appointed Third Corporal; became by promotion, Third and First
Sergeant, and was commissioned First Lieutenant, November 10,
1864, but not mustered. Was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville; the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was in
the action of Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign at Buz-
zard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach
Tree Creek. Wounded in the latter battle. Was also at Bentonville.
Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Alhambra, Cal. Retired from
business.

SECOND LIEUTENANT JAMES SNEDAKER. Enlisted in
August, 1862; elected Second Lieutenant; commissioned August 27;
resigned December 31, 1862. Died some years ago.

SECOND LIEUTENANT ZENAS R. JONES. Age 31; born in
Ohio; minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church; enlisted from
Grand Rapids, August 4, 1862; appointed Sergeant; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign and commanded his company at the battle of
Hartsville, all the commissioned officers being sick or absent. Com-
missioned Second Lieutenant April 13, 1863; resigned January 9,
1864. Lives at Smithdale, 111. In the grain business.

FIRST SERGEANT GEORGE MARSH, JR. Age 25; born in
Brookfield, La Salle County, 111.; enlisted as private, August 12,.
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign; promoted Sergeant for meritori-
ous services; he was in the Tullahoma campaign and at Elk River,

4I« THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

Tonn.. commnnded the "forlorn hope" of ten volunteers sent to cap-
ture the H'Im'I Htucknde there. This whs gallantly done under a fire
of rebel artillery and sharpshooters and the command received the
p«>nionnl thanks of (;eneral lieatty on the field. He participated in
the critical action of l)avis Crush Roads, and was in the great battles
of l'hl<-kaniaiiKa. IxMikoul Muuiiiain and Mission Kidt^t*: was severely
vkoumb'd at Chlckaniauga on Septenilwr :i<»ih, luii recovered in time
to p.irlici|>ale In the battles mentioned on November IM and 2.'), lSii3.
In the Atlanta campaign he was present at Huzzard Koost, of Hocky
Face, and in the battles of May 13 and 14, lStJ4. at Resaca. Was
severely wounded on the latter ilate and discharged September Tl,
IMS'*, on account of wounds. Since the war has lived in Washington,
D. C and has had a position in the War Department continuously.
He is an authority much consulted by high ofiicials. See note in this
volume.

SKRC.KANT WILLIAM I'. MILLKR. Knlisted from Urookfield,
August 12. ls»;4; transferred to 'riiirty-fourtli Illinois Infantry.

SKRCKANT WILLIAM ltASSIM')A LK. Knlisted from La Salle.
August 4. l.s»;2; reduced to the ranks at his own request; was at
Hartsvllle discharged for disability. April 21. isoa. Died some
years ago.

SERC.KANT HENRY IPTON. Horn in Batavia. N. Y.; farmer;
enlistett from Urookfield. August 11. 1S»»2; was in the Kentucky
campaign: sick in hospital at Hartsville; discharged February 2U,
1K«;.'{. for promotion to a Lieutenancy in the One Hundred and
Twenty-first New York Infantry. Was severely wounded in the
battle of Chancellorsvilie. and died from the effect July 25*, 1S87.
A remarkable mathen)aticiaii and brave soldier.

SKR(;KANT HFNRY K. I'RICF:. Age 2.'.; born in Chillicothe.
Ohio, and came to Illinois when young. Enlisted from Fall River. Au-
gust 12. l>>t;2; he was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of
Hartsvllle. where he was wounded by a buckshot in the right thigh.
While he and R. J. Gage lay wounded on the field in the snow, a
young Confederate officer approaching said pleasantly: "Hoys. I
am sorry for you." Henry replied: "If you are sorry for us get some
water." The ofllcer said: "I will." And going to a brook filled his
cedar canteen and brought it to them. He then took a blanket from
an unhurt soldier and spread it over th«Mn. On his recovery. Price
rejMjrted at Camp Douglas and was appointed Sergeant for merito-
rious conduct and bravery. (Joing witli the Regiment to the front in
April, he was stricken with fever while at Hi-entwood. Tenn.. and
for four months his life hung in the balance. At last he recovered
and again joined the One Hundred and Fourth. October 12. 1S6:{. at
Chattanooga, in time to take jiart in the battles of Lookout Moun-
tain and Mission itidge. The noble spirit of the man is shown in a
letter he wrote home .Novemlx'r 3. lSt;:{. "If 1 live to serve out my
time, money would not buy my right to say that I hail serveil my
country honorably, and if 1 do not live, the right belongs to our
family. I <an honesJiy say, I have never yet been sorry 1 enlisted."
In the Atlanta campaign. Sergeant Price was present at Ituzzard
Roost of Rocky Fa«-e, the battles around Rewica. ^'ew Hope Church
an«l Kenesaw .Mountain. At the latter place he was so sevendy
brulwd by a spent ball on July 2, 1K(>4. as to be obliged to go to
hospital at Chattanooga. Iiut on the liMh. he was again with the
Regiment, all unconscious thitt on the morrow his spirit would Join

B. Schaub, Co. D.

Corp. C. H. Makeever, Co. D.

Grover C. Clark, Co. D.

R. J. Gage, Co. D.
Corp. J. J. Ford, Co. D.
R. S. Smalley, Co. D.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 419

the immortal host of heroes and patriots who had died for their
country. On July 20, 18(14, he wrote in his diary these last words:
"At 3 o'clock a. m., moved again and crossed creek. Advancing in
line of battle under fire. Halted and built breastworks until or-
dered to quit." A little later he fell in the fierce attack at Peach
Tree Creek, his right thigh and right arm being shattered by bullets.
In an hour his sufferings were ended, as also those of many others
on that bloody field. Colonel Hapeman says: •He was a brave and
gallant soldier." Captain Collins wrote: "We all loved Henry, he
was a model soldier, superior in natural talents and acquirements
to many field officers." The loss fell with great weight on his
parents, who mourned another son. Lieutenant William D. Price,
killed in the battle of the Big Hatchie, Miss.

SERGEANT WILLIAM H. H. HUTTON. Age 24; first enlisted
in Company L. Twentieth Illinois Infantry, June 17, 1861; fought in
the battle of :<'redericktown. Mo., October 21, 1861; was also in the
battles of 1 ort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and the siege of
Corinth. Discharged August 28, 1862. Enlisted in Company D,
September 2, 1862. Took part in the Tullahoma campaign; was
in the action of Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the latter was Color
Sergeant and while bearing the flag up the ridge was wounded and
relieved by Lemuel F. Holland. Discharged March, 1865, by order of
Secretary of War, and appointed Hospital Steward in United States
Army. Is now a Surgeon in the United States Marine Hospital
Service, and has attained high position as such, holding the rank of
Ueutenant-Colonel.

SERGEANT MURRAY KIRKPATRICK. Age 37; born in Ohio.
Enlisted from Eagle, August 5, 1862; took part in the Kentucky cam-
paign; in the Tullahoma campaign; was one of the ten volunteers
who captured the stockade at Elk River; in the Chickamauga cam-
paign; at the action of Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chicka-
mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; promoted Corporal and
Sergeant for meritorious services. In the Atlanta campaign was at
Buzzard Roost — of Rocky Face, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, and
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood; on the march to the sea;
through the Carolinas, and at Bentonville. Murray, it will be seen,
was always around and ready for business. He was an expert
marksman and brave soldier. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Died at his
home, Swanington, Ind., July 30, 1894.

SERGEANT LEMUEL F. HOLLAND. Age 20; born in Green
County, Ohio; engineer; enlisted August 4, 1862; was in the battle
of Hartsville. and in the Tullahoma campaign; one of the ten volun-
teers to storm the rebel stockade at Elk River; took part in the
Chickamauga campaign and in the action of Davis Cross Roads,
the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge.
In the latter, when Sergeant Hutton fell wounded. Corporal Holland
seized the flag and carried it triumphantly to the top of the ridge, the
boys rallying around it and singing: "Rally Round the Flag." For
meritorious services was promoted Sergeant. Took part in the
Atlanta campaign, at Buzzard Roost, of Rocky Face; the battles
around Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege
of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas; at Bentonville. The

«» THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

record Ik a long one and epeiiks for lt»elf of the eminent services of
SerKeani liulland in the cautM* of the I'uiou. .Mustered out June 6,
1865. Mvex at Itenient. 111.

SKUtJKANT SUKUMAN LELAND. Age 19. born In Onle County.
III.: a Kon of lion. Kdwin S. Iceland, of Ottawa, who was a warm
and true friend of the One Hundred and Fourth. KnIiKted Au^UBt
7. isril'; law Hludent: appointed ("orporail; «letailed as rierk to the
A<IJutant. a (Kisition he hel<l during his entire term of service, to the
satisfaction of all; was alwa\s with the UeKiment except on occasion
of sickness or detail elsewhere. His valuable Journal has added
Kn-atly to the history of the ftei;inient. Mustered out as SerReant,
June 6, 1865. Lives at Ottawa. In the abstract and insurance busi-
ness.

UOKPOltAI, JOH.V H. SHKI'HKRI) Kniisie.l AiiBUst 9. 18«2.
from \m Salle: apjiointed Corporal: was in the Kentucky campaign.
I)ischarK«'d and promoted April li<i. lst;;{. to a Lieutenancy in the
Ninth K«'ntucky Infantry. Subse<|uently became Captain. Was
wounded in the service. After the war practiced law at Ottawa and
was Count V Treasurer one term. Died some veins apo.

CORPORAL THO.MAS C.. STKVKN. Enlisted from Allen Au^ist
13. istii:; appointed Corporal: was In the Kentucky campai|;n. and
killed at Hartsville. Tenn.. December 7. IStJIi; he was a brave soldier
and Rood man.

CORPORAL WILLIA.M C. HROWN. Knlisted from Ottawa Au-
gust 4. but rejected for dlMibilitv.

CORPORAL LITHKR A. WILSON. Age 2G; clerk; enlisted
.\ugust 111. isi'.l,'. from Iji Salle; appointed Corporal; was detailed
In Commiss^iry Department at Louisville and not with R«'Kinieut
very long. I>ischai;ged and promoted Li<Mitenant in Battery D. First
Tennessee Light Artillery, in .\ugust. 1S04. Was In the battle of
.Nashville. Lives at Furley, Kan. Is a farmer.

CORPORAL HKNRY .MORGAN. Enlisted from .Marseilles Au-
gust 'i. lst;2. r)icharKed for disabilitv Februarv .">. ISG.'l.

CORPORAL CYRIS H. .M AKEEVER. Age 21 : railroad employee;
enlisted from .Marseilles. Aunusl 4, IstlL': appointed Corporal; was in
the march Ihrough Kentuck> and in the battle of Hartsville. Dis-
charged for di.saliility at .\ashville. August 2S, lXtJ.'{. Had also serveil
In Tenth Illinois. Lives at .Marsi-illes. 111.

CORPORAL THO.MAS HIRNHA.M. Enlisted from Waltham.
August .".. lsf.2. Was in the battle of Hartsville; promoted Corporal;
was in the Tullahoma an<i Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River
an<l the action of Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga,
lx>okout .Mountain and .Mission Ridge. Took part in the .Atlanta
campaign at Huzzard Roost, of Rocky Face. Resaca. New Hoik'
Church. KeiH'saw .Mountain. Peach Tree Creek. In the latter Cor-
(Kiral Murnham was killed. July L'u. lKti<|.

CORPORAL JOHN J. FORD Age IS; born in Dayton. Im Salle
County; farmer: enlisted from Eden. August 12. lsti2; was in the
Kentu<ky and Tennessee campajgns. the battle of Hartsville. and
the Tullahonui campaign; promoted Corporal for meritorious services.
Was in the Chickamauga campaign; at the action of Davis Cross
Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at Ixiokout ^lountain
and .Mission Ridge. In the .Mlanta campaign at lluzrjird Roost, of
Rocky Face, Resaca. Kenewiw Mountain, Peach Tr«'e Creek, the
Mlege of Atlanta, I'toy Creek, Jonesboro, was on the march to the-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 421

sea; in the campaign of tlie Carolinas; at Bentonville. Mustered out
June 6, 1865. Lives at Streator, 111. Is a merchant.

CORPORAL OSCAR SLAGLE. Age 18; born in Fulton County,
Ohio; farmer; enlisted from Manlius, August 4, 1K02; was in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at the action of Davis
Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mis&ion Ridge. Was wounded at Chickamauga. Promoted Corporal
for meritorious services. In the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard
Hoof t, the battles around Resaca and Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree
Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoj' Creek, Jonesboro. Was in the pur-
STiit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas.
Was not olT duty ten days during his entire service. Known as Com-
l)any D "devil." Mustered out June 6, 1865. Now lives at Kempton,
III. Is Justice of the Peace. See "Incidents."

CORPORAL JOHN SHAPLAND. Enlisted from Allen August 7,
1862. He took part in the Kentucky and Tullahoma campaigns, and
at Elk River was one of the ten volunteers who stormed and carried
the rebel stockade. Being taken sick at Decherd, he was not in the
Chickamauga campaign, but recovering at length, rejoined the Regi-
ment at Chattanooga in time to march on the Atlanta campaign, and
was in all its battles up to and including Peach Tree Creek, where he
was severely wounded, necessitating his discharge March 1, 1865.
Shapland was always to be relied upon in times of danger. He
resides at Benedict, York Countv, Nebraska.

CORPORAL LEWIS K. HUTTON. Age 22; born in Ohio; farmer;
enlisted from Brookfield, August 7, 1862; was at Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma campaign; in the action of Davis Cross Roads, the battles
of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the
Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church,
Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. In the latter battle re-
ceived two gunshot wounds, one in the head, one in the right leg.
Promoted Corporal for meritoiious services. Was transferred to
V. R. C. Discharged July 18, 1865. Lives at Paxton, Neb. Is in real
estate business.

ALONZO RATHBURN. Enlisted August 4, 1862; musician.
Mustered out May .30, 1865. Lives in Pelican Rapids, Minn., but re-
peated letters fail to wake him up.

OTHO HOBART. Enlisted from Marseilles, August 12, 1862;
w^as with the Regiment in all its campaigns and battles up to Peach
Tree Creek, where he was killed, July 20, 1864.

JAMES C. HUTTON. Enlisted August 7, 1862; was wagoner.
Mustered out June 6, 1865.

ABRAM H. AUSTIN. Age 18; born in New York. Enlisted from
Grand Rapids, August 11, 18G2; was in the Kentucky campaign.
Killed in the battle of Hartsville, December 7, 1862. He was much
esteemed. Captain Collins said: "He was one of the best, if not
the best soldier in the company."

HIRAM ANDERSON. Enlisted from Grand Rapids, August 14,
1862; was at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns; the action of Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was at Buzzard Roost, of
Rocky Face, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. Was
mortally wounded in the latter battle and died at Vinings' Station,
Ga., August 2, 1864.

HENRY B. ANDERSON. Enlisted from Grand Rapids, August

it: Tiii. <'.M. Ill M>lll-.l> AND FiU'KTU

IJ. l^bJ. Miih 111 till' Kt'iiiurky rmnpaiKii ami wuk wuiiiuUmI at HaiiK-
villo; waii in ihe bultli*K of (Miirkaiiiatiga. I^uikotit Mountain and
MiKKiun HiilK'- TianHffrrfd to V. U. T . ()i tolMT 7. lsti4.

KOHKUT S. UKKNT. A^v IM; born in Hinnepi". HI : farmer ;
t>ulii>t('<l AuK>ist 11'. 1SG2. WttK in tin* KtMilucky canipaiKn ami
itevt-rt'ly wuundi'd ut HarttivllU*. Took part in tlu* CMiickaniatica
cuin|>ulKn UK far att Stevoniiun. Ala., wlicri'. iMdiiK taken hick, lie
wait K4Mit to NaHliville. Wiia also troubled with hiB wound. Was
coinniituiiuned FIrBl Lieutenant in the Seventy-Beeon«l Colored
TroopB. AuKUBt :<. ISO-I. but did not niUKter on ati-ount of wound.
Colonel S. A. Porter, then coninumder of all the colored troops in
MiBBlKtiippi. aiKO offered him thi* (lOKition of Adjutant on hiB Ktaff. but
he waK unable to accept, and was dlschar^i-d a( SpriiiKtield. 111., to
date from June •:, ls);.'i. hiveB in .MarBeilleK. III., and iB connected
with the Kiain and lumber biisineBB. See "IncidentB."

THK()IH)UH P. liUOWN. Knllsted from l.:i Salle. AugUBt 9.
1SG2; was in the Kentucky campaiKii and the battle of llartKville;
wounded there s«»\erely and dlHcharKed for wounds April 10. 1SG3.

JOHN K. lUTK. Knlisted from Hrookllel.l. AuKUst V2. 1SG2;
waB in the Kentucky camiiaiKii and severely wounded in the battle
of HartBville. in three places, his left haiitl beiiiK nearly shot ofT. hiB
rlRlit pierced by a ball, while another went throuKh his neck. lie
Burviveil. but was discharged for woumls. .luiie li.'i. ISGII.

JOSICPII H.VKKU. AKe I'ti. born in l'eniis\ Ivania; fainier; en-
listed from Craiid Rapids. Aunust li;. istJL'; was at Hartsville,
I.<ookout .Mountain and .Mission Itidge; in the Atlanta campaign at
Itoiky Face. Kesjica. Kenesaw. Peach Tree and I'toy t"reeks; in the
pursuit of Hood; on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas.
Mustered out June tl. 1S«;."). Is a farmer near Ottawa.

JAMIOS F. HKA.MMI.K. Age 2:5. born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from Mrookfield. .August 12. 1SG2. .Marched to Frankfort. Ky.. with
the Ke^imeiit. Taken with heart disease; dlBcharged for disability
.May 11. lst;:{. Is a farmer at N«'W .Market, la.

ALFXANDKH HKAMHIJO. Arc 20; born in Ohio; farmer; en-
listed from P.iooklleld, .Xiinust 12, lSt;2; was in the battle of Harts-
ville; in the Atlanta campaign J»t Huzzard Roost, of Rocky Face.
Resa<a. Kenewiw Mountain. Peach Tree Creek. sieR«' of .Atlanta,
rtoy Creek. Was wounded at the latter place. August 12, ls»»4. .Mus-
tered out June 12. 1SG5. Lives at (joodland. Ind. ICngaged in farm

IllR.

CYHIS H. ni'TK. Knlisted from Hrookneld. August .'.. lsr.2;
farmer; was in the battle oT Hartsville aiul with his company until
taken sick with typhoid fever, hied at home. January 24, \M3.

CARKINKR HAKHR. Knlisted from U» Salle. August Vi. ls»i2;
was at Hartsville. Discharged for disability, July ill. ]Si,:\.

JOHN W. CAR.MO.NY. Age 21; born in hnliana; farmer; en-
listed from Itiiice. August 7. 1S(I2; was in the Kentucky <-ampaign. and
in the battle of Hartsville, was wounded in live .olaces by !l\e balls;
was striK-k in the left shoulder by two balls; one of which has never
lHM»n extracted; also had three ribs broken; the other wounds are U>bb
serious; lay in hospital nine months. Discharged for wounds. Au-
gust 22. IKr*.!. Lives in Kndicott. Neb. Is a merchant and stock
dealer, and evidently pretty lively yet.

JOHN it CROCKKR. Knlist<-d from Itrookfleld, August 1.'.. lsr.2;
was In the Keniuiky campaign and with the Regiment until mus-
tered out, June «i, IKGr*.

REGIMENT II.LINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 423

HENRY M. CLARK. Enlisted from Brookfleld, August 12, 1862.
Was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Dis-
charged for disability, March 2, 1S()4.

WILLLA.M B. COYLE. Enlisted from La Salle, August 12, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville, the action of Davis Cross Roads; the
battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In
the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost, of Rocky Face, Resaca,
New Hope Church and Kenesaw Mountain. Killed at Peach Tree
Creek, July 20, 1864.

DAVID A. CARRIER. Enlisted from La Salle, August 12, 1862;
discharged December 9, 1863, for disability.

.lOHN DEWEY. Enlisted from Grand Rapids, August 12, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged August 30, 1863, on ac-
count of accidental wounds.

ALBERT H. EBERSOL. Enlisted from Farm Ridge, August 14,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign. Transferred to V. R. C,
March 15. 1864. Lives in Chicago.

JOHN ESPY. Enlisted from La Salle, August 4, 1862; was at
Hartsville and in the Tullahoma campaign; died at Cowan, Tenn.,
December 4, 1863.

WILLIAM R. EYSTER. Enlisted from Ottawa. August 11,
1862: was in the Tullahoma campaign. In the action of Davis Cross
Roads, September 11, 1863, was missing and no doubt killed. The
writer remembers his going off that morning towards the enemy, he
never returned. Eyster was fond of daring adventures and the last
cost him his life; he was a fine marksman and scout.

JOHN FENN. Enlisted from Grand Rapids. August 5, 1862; was
at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaign; the action of Davis Cross
Roads; at Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In
the Atlanta campaign, was present at Rocky Face and Resaca. Killed
at the latter place in the battle of the 14th of Mav, 1864.

WILLIAM A. FIGHT. Enlisted from Brookfleld, August 13,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In the
Tullahoma campaign, and at Elk River, one of the ten volunteers
that captured the rebel stockade. Was at Davis Cross Roads and
the battle of Chickamauga. Taken sick, died at Nashville, March
12, 1864. He did not belie his name,

JOHN FORCHT. Age 20; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted from
Tonica, August 12, 1862; was at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma cam-
paign; in the Chickamai^ga campaign; at Davis Cross Roads, the
battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was
present in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, of Rocky Face,
Resaca, the battles around Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek.
Taken with "night blindness." he wa^ then detailed to hospital
service in the remaining campaigns, until mustered out June 6,
1865. Lives at Granville, 111. Is a farmer.

JOHN W. GINGERICH. Enlisted from Eden, August 14, 1862;
deserted from Camp Chase, January 15, 1863.

NORMAN GRANT. Enlisted from Ottawa, August 12, 1862; was
at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was
at Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Moun-
tain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was present at
Rocky Face, the battles around Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. Was killed in the latter battle
July 20, 1864.

i:i THE ONE HU NDRED AND FOURTH

MARSHALL M. «ALIX)WAY. Enllstod from Faill River. AuRust
12. lst;i'. Ht HartKvJIU' aiflPr thf battle he estaiMMl capture by lyiiiK
down wKli the wouikUmI and doln^ Kunie vlgoroiiK gmaning until our
foreeu arrived. TcH»k i)art in the Tuilalioina caiuiiaiKn. Was al
DnvlH CroKH Roads, tin- I)aitle8 of (MilclianiauKa. l^Kjkout Mountain
und Mihsion UitlKe. On ti>«» Atlanta ranu'alKn was prewnt at Rotky
Fare. RcMua. the baiileri around New Hoik- fhunh and KeneKaw
Mountain. Vtuvh Tree t'reek. the sieRo of Atlanta; in the pursuit of
Hood, on tlie inareh to the wa. the t-ainpaiK» of the C'arolinaK; lieu-
tonvllle. Mustered out June G. IKG.'.. Lives in ('hieaRO.

RICHARD J. CAtJK. Age 20; born in New Hampshire; farmer;
enlist«>d from Hrookfleld. AuRUst 12. 1S«2; was in the Kentucky eain-
palKn; wounde«l In the breast at Hartsvllle. Was in the Tullahoma
(-ani|uiiKr>. and one of the ten who stormed tlw r»'l>el stoekade at
KIk River. Was at Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chleka-
mauca. wliert- he was eaptuu'd while assisting a wounded Lieii-
tenant (Hishopt of Hrltlne's Mattery. Was sent to Ri<-hn>ond and
conllnecl in the Pemberton buihIinR. opposite Libby; was paroled
Marrh 12. IStU. an«l sent north. Rejoined the Replment In-fore Kene-
saw .Mountain. Was severely wounded in the battle of I'each Tree
Creek. July 20, IStH. in three places, and crippled for life. Sent to
hospital at rear and finally dls«-harRed on account of wounds.
February 5. ISH't. Is a farmer, and lives near Marseilles. III.

C.ICORC.E L. CILMKRT. Knlisted from La Salle. AurusL 14. 1862;
deserted October 2»'.. l^t;L^ As h«' was liut fourteen years cdcl when he
enlisted, we can hardly hold him responsible. The .\djutant (Jeneral's
rejKirt does not explain this and it is to be regretted.

ALKXANDHK .M. IHHLN. Age 24; l)orn in Hrow n County. Ohio;
M-as in the Kentucky canipaiRn and the battle of Hartsville; al I.,ook-
out Mountain and .Mission Ridge. Took part in the Atlanta cam-
paign; was at iSu'/zard Roost, Resiica. Kenesjiw Mountain. Peach
Tree Cr»»ek. the siege of Atlanta. I'toy Creek and Jonesboro; in the
purHUit of Hood, on the march to the sea. in the Carolina campaign,
and at l;entonville. Always on hand. Mustered out June ^\, ISC'i.
Lives at Senec a. 111.

RIFCS K. C. Hl'RIN. Knlisted from Allen. August 12. 1S62;
marched through Kentucky to Howling (Ireen; left there sic-k. and
died November 14. 1SG2. His was the second or third death in the
Regiment.

AYRKS HALL, Knlisted from C.rand Rapids. August 12. 1862;
■was in the Kentucky campaign; in the Tullahoma c-ampaign; at
Chickamauga; in the Atlanta cam|)aign and battles; on the march
to the sea anci through the Carolinas. Mustered out June i\. lSt;."i.

I'KMHROOKK S. HCTTON. Knlisted from Crand Rapids. Au-
gust 12. lsf.2; farmer; was in the march through Kentucky to Harts-
vllle. At the time of that battle-, on detail at Callatin. Took jiarl in
the Tullahoma campaign; present at Davis Cross Roads. Killed in
the battle c»f Chickamauga. Septemlter 20. ls»i;{.

CKORCK L. HortJHTON Knlisted from Hrookfleld. Aiigust 12.
IKfii'; was in the- Kentucky campaign; on cletall at the time of the
ba'tle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma c-ampaign; at KIk River. Was
In the Chickamauga campaign, at Davis Cross Roads and Chicka-
mauga. In the Atlanta campaign and that of the Carolinas. Mus-
lerecl ou* Jtine »'.. IM'..' Ills present address Is unknown.

ROHKFtT HARK. Knlisted from Mrookneld, August 12, lKt;2;

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 425

was in the battle of Hartsville; the Tullahoma campaign, and one of
the •'forlorn hope" at Elk River. Was at Davis Cross Roads,
Chickamuga, Lookont Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta
campaign at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree
and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood, on the march
to the sea, and through the Carolinas; Bentonville. Mustered out
June 6. 1865.

WILLIAM H. JONES. Age 18; born in Ohio; mason; enlisted
from Brookfield August 7, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and
the mai-ch to Hai-tsville; on detail at time of battle; was at Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge; in the Atlanta campaign was present
at Buzzard Roost — of Rocky Face, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach
Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, where August 14, 1864,
he was wounded in and lost the sight of his left eye. Was on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June C,
1865. Lives at San Jose, Cal.

SAMUEL A. LYONS. Age 22; born in Pennsylvania; enlisted
from Brookfield August 14. 1862; was at Hartsville, Davis Cross
Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the
Atlanta campaign was present at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. Sent back sick to Nashville
and was in that battle. Absent at muster out of regiment. Lives at
Piano. 111.

MARCUS J. LANE. Enlisted from Allen August 13, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign to Hartsville; on detail at time of battle.
In the Chickamauga campaign; at Davis Cross Roads; the battles
of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the
Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost — of Rocky Face, Resaca, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, the pursuit of Hood, the
march to the sea, and through the Carolinas; Bentonville, wounded
In the latter battle. Mustered out May 26, 1865. Lives at Ransom,
111. Is a farmer.

ALEXANDER H. LANE. Enlisted from Allen August 13, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and marched to Hartsville; at time
of battle on detail. In the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns.
Was at Elk River: the action of Davis Cross Roads; the battles of
Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta
campaign was present at Rocky Face, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain,
Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek; at the latter place was mortally
wounded Augus^ 7, 1864. Died October 4, 1864.

JOSEPH W. LAING. Enlisted from La Salle August 5, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville. In the
Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Atlanta and Carolina campaigns.
Mustered out June 6, 1865.

THOMAS S. LAW. Enlisted from Grand Rapids August 12,
1862; transferred to V. R. C. March 15, 1865.

MELVIN P. MILLER. Enlisted from Brookfield August 12, 1862.
Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Gaylord, Kan.

GEORGE MOORE. Age 32; born in New York; farmer; enlisted
from Brookfield August 5, 1862; was at Hartsville, Davis Cross
Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was
at Nashville on detached duty and discharged there June 9, 1865.
Lives at Ayr, Neb. Is a farmer, contractor and builder.

CHARLES O. MARCELLUS. Age 23; born in New York;
farmer; enlisted from Brookfield August 7, 1862; discharged March

iX THE ONE HUNDRED AND FtH'KTH

13. \h^. for dlBabimy. Re-^nUsted April 5. 18G5. and transferred
lo Thiriy-fourih IlliuoiH Infantry. LIveH at Stoikville. Neb. U a
farnwr.

WII.LIAM P. NKNVt'OMU. Enlisled from Walihani AuKiisl U.
1KG2. MarihtMl on tlu* Kentucky and TennesHee fanipalBns to
llarlMvilIc On detail at Ciallatin durinK battle. \\a» in the
Ttillahonia campalKn; pnwnl at artlon of Davis Cross Roads; the
IxittU'M of ChickaniaiiKa, Uuikout Mountain and MisKlon RidK*'- In
the Atlanta cainiuiiKn at liuzzard Roost. Resiita. Kenesaw Mountain.
Was wounded in front of latter June 22. 1S(J4. Absent, sick, at
muster ovii of ReRinient.

JOSKI'H R. PLOWMAN. Afie L'4 . born In Pennsylvania, farmer;
enliKted from Dimmiik AuRust H. ISOl!. Transferred to V. R. C.
January :.'.'•. IMH. Mustered out at Detroit. Mich.. July 5. 1805. Lives
at PondiM-. Ml.

t'llARLKS (i. I'HILLIPS. A«f 123; born in Canada; farmer:
enlisird August 12. ISGU. from Ottawa. Was in the Tullahoma and
Chickamau(,a campaigns : at the battles of Chickamauna. l.^>okout
Mountain an«i .Mission Ridtje. In the Atlanta campaiRii was present
at liuzzard Roost — of Rocky Face. Resaca. Kenesiiw Mountain. Peach
Tre<« Creek, the siege of Atlanta. I'toy Creek. Jonesboro. After the
fall of Atlanta went to Nashville for mules. Afterward detailed ai»
scout at division headcjuarters. Was on the march to the sea and
through So\ilh Carolina. Captured with Captain Ross at Stroud's
Mill. S. C.. February JtJ. IStJ.'i. Mustered out May 24, ISG'j. at Spring-
field. Lives at White City. Kan. In real estate and insurance
business. See "Notes." elsewhere.

LIFKF: H. POWKRS. Knllsted from Ottawa August 11, ISiili;
was In the Kentucky campaign and wounded in the head at
Hartsville. where he fought bravely. Was in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns; at KIk River. Davis Cross Roads and the
battle of ChickamaugM. Transferred to V. R. C. January 30. ISi'A.

JOHN T. POWKRS. Age IC; enlisted from nrookiield August
11, isr.::; was in the K« ntucky campaign and marche<l to Hartsville.
but was on ileiail at Callatin at time of battle. Was in the Tullahoma
campaign and one of th«' ten volunteers to cjij)ture the stockade at
KIk River. Was in the action of Davis Cross Roads; in the battles
of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the
Atlanta campaign was present at Rocky Face. Resaca, New Hope
Chunh. Kenesiiw Mountain. Killed at Peach Tree Creek, July 2(t.
1XG4. His last words were: "Tell my mother I have tried to do my
lluty to mv country, and die a Christian."

JOHN H. POWKRS. Age 30; born in St. Clair County, 111.;
farmer; was in part of the Kentu«-ky campaign, but was taken sick,
left at Howling Creeij ami discharged there In l)«cen>ber. l^til'. on
account of typhoid pneumonia, .\djutant (Jeneral's Report is wrong.
Powers did not die at Howling (Jreen. but recovered, and in isTl.
moved to Nebraska and engaged in farming. Was nominated for
(jovernor on the Independent ticket in 18su. Was, according to
the returns, defeatetl l»y a plurality of 1.177 votes; a contest entered,
but never tried. It thus appears that .Mr. Powers is still a pn'tty
lively man. He lives at Trenton. Neb.

SA.MI'KL C. PAV.N'K Knlisted from Crand Rapids .August i:>.
\Hit2. was in the Kentu< ky cami'aign and battb* of Hartsville; in ihe
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns. In the Atlanta campaign
and that of the Carollnas .Mustered out June t>, ISC^.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 427

JOHN PETBfl. Enlisted from Grand Rapids August 8. 1862;
Avas in the Krntticky campaign and wounded in the wrist at Harts-
ville. Absent, sick, at muster out of Regiment.

JOHN RINKER. Age 22; born in Germany; farmer; was in the
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was at Ihizzard Roost —
of Rocky P^ace, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek.
Wounded in the latter battle in the right leg. Mustered out in May,
1865. Lives near Marseilles. 111. Is a farmer.

REUBEN F. REYNOLDS. Enlisted from Brookfield August 4,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, at Elk River, Davis
Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta
campaign, the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Mustered
out June 6, 1865.

REUBEN S. SMALLEY. Age 23; born in Pennsylvania; farmer;
enlisted from Brookfield August 12. 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and in the battle of Hartsville. In the Tullahoma
campaign at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. During the Atlanta campaign was
detailed in Commissary Department. Was in that campaign and
the march to the sea, and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June
6, 1865. Lives near Ransom, 111. Is a farmer and stock raiser and
takes an active interest in the Grand Army and public affairs.

ANSON S. SMITH. Age 26; born in Derby, Conn.; enlisted from
Brookfield August 7, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and
marched to Hartsville. At time of battle there, was on detail at
Gallatin. Was in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was
present at Elk River; Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chicka-
mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the latter, was
severely wounded. Discharged on account of wounds, May 6, 1864.
Lives at Huntington, Conn. Is a farmer.

WILLIAM H. SMITH. Enlisted from Grand Rapids August 7,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville.
In the Tullahoma campaign at Elk River; the battles of Chicka-
mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta
campaign and that of thfl Carolinas. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

GEORGE H. SNEDAKER. Enlisted from Brookfield August 1!,
1362; discharged. Lives in Kansas.

BALTZER SCHAUB. Age 20; enlisted from Dimmick August
14, 1862; farmer; marched through Kentucky to Hartsville. On
detail at Gallatin at time of battle. Took part in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns: was at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads,
Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Wounded in
left knee at Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard
Roost — of Rocky Face, Resaca, New Hope Church, the battles around
Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy
Creek, Jonesboro; the pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea. through
the Carolinas; Bentonville. Was never absent from first to last.
Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JAMES SPINK. Enlisted from Allen, August 1.3, 1862; was in
the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickmauga cam-
paigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of
Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the

iZi THE C»M; III XDRED AND FOURTH

Atinntu t-ani|>alKii and that of the Carollims. Mubtei-ed out June G,
I8ti5. Liv<-K at \ortht1«>lcl, Minn.

JnSKl'H 1. SAl'P. KnllKted from Hrookfi«>Ul Aiipust 12. 1SG2;
niurthfd throuKh the K»'ntu«ky rampai^ii to HartKxillc \\ h<T«' lie whs
kllh'il I>»'<«'nib«*r 7. lsti2. b«*lns hit altnuht at the siime instant, by
thr<->- lialls in ihi* head, mutitii and breaMt.

t)l-IVKU M. SKKIOL. Ak«' -"•; l>orn In I'utnain Count). 111.;
furnier; onlistiMl from (Jrand HapidK AuRUKt 7, 1SG2; was at
HartKville and on pirket at time of battb*. wlxed a horse and es -apod,
not being able to join the i-ommand. Was in the subsequent
.■ampaiKUs; present at Klk Hiver. Davis Cross Koads. ('hlc-kaniaut;a,
I»okout Mountain and Mission KldKe. In tjie Atlanta eampalKn;
«n the march to the sea and thiouKh the Carolinas. Musleied out
June «;. iSGf.. Lives at Sandwich. III.

MK'HAKL H. STKWAIID. Age L'G; born in Preble County. Ohio;
farmer; enlisted from Dimmick August 14. ISGL'; was in the battles
of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Hidge. Mustered
out June G. ist.ri. Lives at I'rbana. 111. Is a farmer.

KITCH SMfril. Age 2:}; born in Connecticut, farmer; enlisted
from c.rand Uapids August 14. 1SG2; mar«-hed through Kentucky to
Hartsville. On detail at Callatin at time of battle. In the Tullahoma
campaign and at Klk River. Took |>art in the Atlanta campaign,
pres«-nt at Riizzard Roost of Rocky Face. Resaca. Kenesaw
Mountain. Reach Tree and I'toy Creeks, Jonesboro; in the jxirsuit
of Hood, the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Was
<letailed at (Joldsboro on the escort of (Jeneral Slocum. Mustered
out June G. iSG.'i. Lives at Council HlutTs, Iowa.

(JKORCK TAYLOR. Knlisted from Crand Rai)ids Augiist 12,
1862; was in the Kentucky cami)aign and battle of Hartsville; in
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Klk River, Davis
Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. At Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and battles, on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Hentonville. Mustered
out June G, iSGfi. Lives at Streator. 111.

DAVID Tl'LLIS. Knlisted from Cnind Rapids August 7. 1862.
was in the Kentucky (ampaign. Transferre<l to V. R. C. Febriiair
15. 1HG4.

JOHN C. VARKL. Knlisted from Serena August 12, 1862;
discharged for dlKabilily De<ember 21. 1SG3.

JOHN K. VRKKLAND. Knlisted from (Jrand Rapids August 12,
18C2; deserted June If.. ISG.J.

SI'RAtHK L. WOODWARD. Knlisted from C.rand Rapids
August 12. 1SG2; dischargi'd for disability August 9. IKG.S.

LKMIKL F. WALLACK. Age 2(i; born in Hrown County. Ohio;
farmer; enlisted from (Jrand Rapids August 12. 1SG2; was in the
battb' of Hartsville; the actions of Klk River and Davis Cross Roads;
the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge.
Was In the .\tlanta <-ampaign at Hiizzard Roost. Resaca. New Hopt
Church. Keni'SJiw Mountain, l'<a<li Tp-e and Ctoy Creeks. Taken
sick and sent back. Rejoined Rejjiment at Washington. Mustered
out June G. IHG'i. Lives at I'Iper City. III. Is a farmer.

ROIiKRT 8. WALLACK. Knliste<l from (Jrand Rapids \ugust
7, 1KG2; WHS in the Kentut ky <-anipalgn and battle «jf Hartsville; in
the Tullahoma ami Chickanuiuga (ampaigns; at Klk Itiver, Davis
<*roKif Roads. Chickamauga. lx>okout Mountain an(4 Mission Ridf^o.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 429^

In the Atlanta campaigns and battles. Was on the march to the sea
and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Mustered out June U,,
1865. Lives at Paxton, Neb.

ORA D. WALBRIDGE. Age 20; born in Marseilles. 111.; farmer;
enlisted Irom Rutland August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky
cauiiniign, severely wounded in the right arm at Hartsville.
Discharged on account of wounds May 5, 1S64. Lives at Marseilles, 111.

RECRUITS.

GROVER C. CLARK. Age 18; born in Genesee County, New-
York; farmer; enlisted from Brookfield February 24, 1864. Joined
the Regiment at Dalton on a Sunday evening and received hi.s
baptism of fire the n«xt morning. Was present in all the cngage-
inents from that time on and saw the realities of war at Kenesaw
Mountain. Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks and Jonesboro. Was in the
pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea, on the Carolina campaign
and at Bentonville. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry..
Discharged July 12, 1865. Is a Methodist minister, located, 1895, at
Princeton, 111.

PETER COON. Enlisted from Marseilles April 11, 1865. Trans-
ferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

WILLIAM A. GIIEENLESS. Enlisted from Grand Rapids
February 16, 1865. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

DANIEL HARVEY. Enlisted from Rutland April 11, 1865.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

WILLIAM H. HALL. Enlisted from Rutland April 11, 1805.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

DAVID R. JOHNSON. Enlisted February 14, 1865. Died at
Philadelphia, Pa., March 23, 1865.

WILLIAM McCORMICK. Age 18; born in Ireland; farmer; en-
listed from Grand Rapids, February 16, 1865. Transferred to Thirty-
fourth Illinois Infantry. Lives at Ransom, 111.

GEORGE ROLLER. Enlisted from Rutland April 11, 1865.
Transferred to Thirtv-fourth Illinois Infantry.

HENRY SHAPLAND. Enlisted from Grand Rapids April 5,
1865. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

GEORGE E. VERMETTE. Enlisted from Rutland April 11, 1865.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

STATISTICS OF COMPANY D.

Total enlistment ^ lU

Killed and mortally wounded 14

Wounded 24

Resigned 3

Discharged for wounds J>

Discharged for disability 12

Discharged for accidental wound 1

Discharged for promotion 4

Died of disease '. 5

Mustered out June 6. 1865 , 31

Mustered out at other dates G

Transferred to V. R. C 7

Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry 11

Absent, sick, at muster out '6

Deserted 3

Known to be living (December. 1894 56

<"ll AI'TKK XX\ III.

l'»>m|>Mny K— H<>\v uiul WJn-n- orifaiilxtHl — Ko«ler and MI<>Kru-

llhlcK— StMllHlll H

SKKTCH OF COMPANY H
This «om|i;m\ was rrcniitcd nf «Ml;i\\;i 1mI\\«mMI
ill.- Till ami ir»ili Mf Aii^iusl, 1 sr.'J. 1»\ .lojiii S. II. hutv.
W . W . <';ilkiiis aiKJ ntli«M-s. Tin- uii;^iiial fiilist iiinn
|»a|M'i- ill I lir |Mtss«*ssioii of I he w ill cr cu ii fains lln* nanus
of oiit' linntlifil ami tliirhM-n imMi who int<Miil(Ml lo
s«TNr ilu-ir roimtiv. < Mir liiintlrfil ami om* wen* inns-
Iriril into t In- s» -IN ire of I In- Initcd Slates An;:nsi liTl h,
\>^t'i'2. Till- rompanv was made n|) of men from ( >tt awa,
Sontli <Mia\\a ami ilie sui ronmlinj; low nsliips. Se\ -
eiiiviliree had lieeii fainiei's who |iropos(*d to turn their
|doii^lisliares into swinds, s|M*aUin;; li^nralivelN . The
professions were l-epl-eseliled 1»\ two, and tia<les hy t he
rest, '{'he company was a i-eprj-seiiiat i\ e one of iIm*
liest Aiiieiitan so|diei-s physically and im-nially. .\ i
least twenty would have made tine «»Iliceis. .\ii old
miistei-roll stales the aveia;:e heii^ht of the one liiin-
difd and one to he li\c fei-i nine inches; the averit^c
a^e iweiiiy-livc yeais. 'riiii!\ iwo were maiiied; si\-
t\ ihiec unmanied. When iIh- laiiUs were full and
o\eillowin^ the com|(any was or;^ani/,ed. John S. II.
holy wasele«ted t'aptaiii, .Milton Sirawn i'iist Lien
tenant, Kansoni I', hewey Set omi Lieutenant. Wil-
liam W. <'alkiiis wa>- appointed I'irsi Sei^eaiii, llenry
.\. l»ol\. Iloiiier A. Wilson, UoImti .\. Uialion and
<ieo|-^e W'. ('nmmiiis Seii^eants. Thomas W'eeiss, .lohn
h. Kin^', Lyman L. Nat t inuer, havid \'. hiehl, Will-
iam .1. Anderson, ('liestei- .NLirtiii, llilon I.. Mead and
AlmoiM". Wils«'y w epe appointeiM 'oipoials. The com
pan,\ was diil\ incorpoiated in the<Mie Ihimlied and
l-'oiifl li as "10" and was know n as i he « 'ohu- ( 'om|>any,
caiTvin;: the le^^iineiital Ha;:, in haltle a posi of hoimi-
ami dan;:<'f. That <'oinpa!iy K sei\ed as a laii tai;:<i

Capt J. S. H. Doty. Co. E.

W. A. Kain. Co. E.

Lieut. W. W. Calkins, Co. E.

C. H. Brown, Co. E,
Capt. R. P. Dewey, Co. E.
Sergt W. H. Conard, Co. E.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 431

for tlic eiKMiiy, w;is wrll ]»1(»v(mi on maiiv bloody fields
aftei'Wiii'ds. Ilaviiij^' been duly iinistcnMl into tlir s<'r-
Yice and liavin«>' enjoyed a few days of canii) life at
Ottawa, the order to mareli came and ('onii>any K left
for the front at Louisville. There, after scune delay,
elothinji and arms were issni^l and in the intervals of
moviiij; cani]) or marching, the men were drilled regu-
larly every day from four to six hours. j»iit I5rajij»-
Avas then i'a])idly ai>]M-oachinii L(»uisville and tiu' One
Hundred and Fourth took up very soon that long line
of marches, cam])aigns, and battles, emling only at
Bentonville, on the other side of tlie continent. With
the Kegiment Company E marehed in ])nrsnit of Bragg
to Frankfort, thence to Rowling (Ireen, Ky., and from
there to Tomjdvinsville an<l llartsville, Teniu At the
latter place December 7th, 1S(;2, ('omi)any E made its
first bloody sacrifice. Lieutenant ^lilton Strawn was
mortally woun<led; Corporals Thomas \Ve<dvs, John I).
King, David V. Diehl wer<' killed; l^lward J. Curtis,
George llemenover, Orville L. Moorhead, Samuel N.
Merriam and Roderick D. Reed were killed or mor-
tally wounded, Ilrave boys were they who thus fell
in their Urst battle. Fifteen others were wounded
seriously or slightly. Some of these had to be dis-
charged. In the TuUahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns Company E was ever found in tlie line of duty
and gave other lives to the cause. At Chickamauga
Seward, carrying the flag, fell mortally wounded. At
Mission Ridge the brave William A. Kain fell, and in
the Atlanta campaign the company lost many brave
men, including the chivalrous Captain Doty, killed at
P(^ach Tree Creek. The ranks had thinned day by day
from battle and disease, but the remnant under the
iron-nerved Dewej^, promoted Cai)tain July 2()th, 18(14,
marched on to share Avith Sherman the triumph of
Atlanta, the pursuit of Hood, and the final canii>aigns
to Savannah and through the Candinas, ending with
Bentonville. The record of Company E is a i)art of
that of the One Himdred and Fourth, whose fanu' it
helped to make. The company ha<1 during its tei'ui of

iSZ THK <>M. lit .MHCK1> AM> F<'IUTH

MTviri* fori,v-SfV«*u nn'ii killftl :iii«| wnumltMl; «»f this
iiuiuImt twniiv Wfif kill<*«l «»r in»»ri;ill\ wouiiilrd, t*x-
riHMliii;^ Uy tlinn* the draili loss by butt It* of any other
coiiipaiiy. Thnv wiTi' ii«> n*si;iiijit ions in this cuiniKiiiy.

UOSTKK OF THK COMI'ANY.
CAI*TAIN JOHN SAMIKI. HAY DOTY. Age 23; born In Carlylo,
Pn.; carpenter: whk first in th«' thrtt- niontlm' wrvlce. enlisting
A|)rll I'l. isnr enUsted iiKuin AuKUSt 7. IstJJ. and lM>gan raisiuK men
for n i-omiany; wuh elet-ted Captain unanimously and led his n»en
in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville; was cap-
turetl there, iiut escaped. See "Notes." In the Tullahoma and Chicka-
inaiiKa campaigns. C'aiitain Doty was present, and was in the actions
of Elk Kiver and Davis Cross Hoads. and the l)attle of Chickamaugu.
Was one of the besieged at Chattanooga, and conimandetl his com-
pany at IxKikout Mountain and Mission Hidge. In (he Atlanta cani-
{uiign he participated in the action at liu/zard Roost, of Rocky Face,
the battles around Resaca. New Hope Cliurch and Kenesaw Moun-
tain. At t'each Tree Creek. Ca.. July I'u, lSt;4. Captain Doty fell
mortally woundol pierce<l by ttve bullets, and lived but a short
fin'e. No more patriotic. I)ravf or nobler soldier ever drew sword
in his cotintry's cause. Every man in the Regiment considered it a
jM'rsonal bereavement. To some of his own boys who crowded
around, he said with dving breath: "Take care of those rel^els first
and see to me afterwards." His last words were: "Tell my father
that I die for the Hag. fJood bye. boys." His remains were borne
to his home and now rest in the cemetery at Ottawa on the banks
of the Illinois.

CAI'TAIN RANSOM P. DEWEY. Age 22: born in Tioga County,
Pa.: farmer: enlisted from Ottawa. April 17. ISfil. in Company I. Klev-
eiitli Illinois: three months' service: enlisted again August 7. lst>2: was
elected Secontl Lieutenant: was in the Kentu<-ky campaign and bat-
tle of Hartsville, Tenn.; promoted Fii*8t Lieutenant for meritorious
services: date of commission. December 22. lSt>2. Hp participated in
the Tullahoma and Chickaniauga campaigns an<l was present at the
actions of IClk River and Davis Cross Roads; the batties of Chicka-
niauga. Ix>okout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the skir-
mishes at (Jraysville and Taylor's Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Huzzard Roost, the batth's around Resaca. New
HojM' Church. Kenesjiw Mountain, Peacli Tree Creek, the siege of
Atlanta. I'toy Creek. Jonesboro. Promoted Captain for meritorious
services; date of commission. July 2U. ist'i4. He took part in the
pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. to
Ii<*ntonville. closing his contintious service at the end of the war
without being absent a ilay from the Regiment. He was a brave
and capable ofllcer antl so regarde<l. Mustered out June 6, 1805.
Lives at Marseilles, 111.

FIRST LIEl'TENANT MILTO.N STRAWN. Lieutenant Strawn
was the son of James an<l Hope Strawn, enrly settlers of I„;i Salle
County, an«l was born in Ottawa, D«'ceml)er 2.'>, is.'i*!. He grew to
manhood in his native town and after attending school some years
entered the law ofTice of Hon. E. S. I.,«'land. in ISfi'.t. He was admittcil
to the bur In April. 1862, and leave promise of a future bright career.

.«£»*»^

|5^^

W. M. W.lson, Co E.
Chas Ruger, Co. E.
Lieut M. Strawn, Co. E

John Wallace, Co. E.
Jas. M. Hills. Co. E.
Jas. D Lawrence, Co. E.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 43S

But the tremendous issues then before the country called strongly
upon him to enlist, and he would have done so earlier had not the
care of his widowed mother and younger brothers prevented. He
enlisted August 9, 1862, and was elected First Lieutenant of Com-
pany E. Going with the Regiment to the front he was in the Ken-
tucky campaign and that in Tennessee, culminating in the battle
of Hartsville, December 7, 18G2. On the night of the 6th, he was
in command on the picket line near the ford of the Cumberland.
When the enemy attacked he and the reserves joined the company
on the field and he bravely performed his duty there until shot,
down by a ball in the right leg. The wound was of so serious a
nature that amputation became necessary, and although every pos-
sible care and attention was given him at the private house ta
which he had been removed, he was unable to rally and died Decem-
ber 22d. Lieutenant William Strawn, who was with him at the
time, said: "His life in the army was singularly pure and noble, in
all things he was a pattern of manliness and honor, of purity of
heart and motive." This is also the testimony of his brother officers
and comrades. His remains were conveyed to Ottawa, and con-
signed to rest on the banks of the beautiful Illinois.

FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM W. CALKINS. Age 19; born
In the Township of Farm Ridge, but lived during the greater part
of his early life in Deer Park and was raised a farmer. The family
removed from old Connecticut at an early day. Lieutenant Calkins*^
grandfather on his father's side fought under General Stark at the
battle of Bennington, and he had several brothers who were also in
the army of the Revolution. The subject of this sketch enlisted from
Deer Park, August 7, 1862. He was appointed First Sergeant and
was with his company in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of
Hartsville. Was promoted Second Lieutenant for meritorious
services, his commission being dated December 22, 1862, and he was
until 1864 the youngest commissioned officer in the Regiment. When
the One Hundred and Fourth was attached to Beatty's Brigade at
Murfreesboro in 1863, Lieutenant Calkins was detached as Aide de
Camp on the staff of General John Beatty. and served in that capacity
in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, being present every
hour, and in the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; also both"
days of the battle of Chickamauga. September 19 and 20. 1863.
Towards the close of the second day's battle he was wounded in the
right leg on the famous "Horseshoe Ridge" while the rebels were
charging, and was taken prisoner there. He was sent from the battle-
field to Libby Prison, where he remained seven months and seven
days; was afterwards transferred to Macon, Ga., and there selected by
the rebels as one of the five hundred officers to be put under the fire of
our own batteries (Gilmore's) at Charleston, S. C. That was re-
garded as an amusement and the object the rebels had in view, failed.
Lieutenant Calkins was next sent to Columbia, S. C, and escaped
from there (Camp Sorghum) November 28, 1864, by running the
guard. After ten nights of travel, he reached the sea coast at the
mouth of the Santee River and was rescued by the United States
Steamer Nipsic: was a prisoner of war fourteen months and sick
unto dying eight months of that time. For meritorious services
promoted First Lieutenant, July 20, 1864. After his escape he par-
tially recovered his health and rejoined the army in March, 1865,
first going to Charleston, where he w-as put in command of the First

«M

THK «>M: hi NHUi-a' AM> KUUKTH

H«J.h 8ubHe«iueiitly. wan or.lerfd to n-Join hln Hikiummu ami dm
BO in North Carolina, and was pr^-Kenl at J "»">«»""« «7'*;V'r™i
mMr.h.d «ith th.. army to \Va«hinKton. imrtlripaled in the I. and
k":;.;... and .«« n.u«...r.d out Jan.- 0, l^••.:.. »»-» ':rH""''lffe lu
wmii hlrk for several y.'»,-K in ronKequen.e o hi. P'^«'-^» > ^^ '^
lK7t». he removed to Chicago and Htll liven » '^"••, , W.^.at he ua-
thlnK mon. than another enp^Hially valued by him. '» »" '»'"\ '^ ^^^
H |«rti.lpant in the war for the I'nion, and a meml>er of the One
Hiindred and Fourth, whose hintory he «>a« wrillen ,

SK»U:KANT liKMlY A. DOTY. Age 2:.. born in I'ennb> Ivania
cnn^nter enliH.ed August 7. Ks.;.. frotn Ottawa "P»- ";-^, ^J^
8..rgeant: was In the Kentucky eampaign and the '•'» *^ "J »»Yv«b
vUir Diseharged April 14. IS'.S. a« First Sergeant; dlsabillt>. Lheh

'' 'SSnT HOMKH a. WILSON. Age 25; born in Imliana
emin UV.M- e„„ste,l from Ottawa. August 7. ISO-. «PIh> nted 1 h d
K^^eant- was in the battle of Hartsviiie and woun.le<l in . »>^ " "^
rr^moted First Sergeant. Transferred to V. R. C January J. 1M,4.

SKH :K\NT KOHKKT a. IJKATTON. Age 1!::: Lorn in I enn-
Bvlvania farmer enlisted from Ottawa. August 12. 1S..2: appo nl.-d
t^\S Serg^lt;' was In the battle of Hartsviiie; i.j th.. Tu lahorjja
«nH ChlrkamauKa campaigns; was in th«' actions of hlK Kivr ami
mvis C oTSs; .he' batties of Chickan.auga. ''Ookout Mountain
ami Mission Uldge. In the Atlanta can.paign was present at Hu^-
^u I oust Uesaca. New Hop- Church, the battles around Kene-
S^w MO ntalti ?nd Peach Tree Creek. In the latter battle was
Severely woumlecl and .lischarge.l for wound, as First Sergeant. May
11 ixr.'i He was a brave soblier.

SFUC.KXNT C.KOROK W. CIMMINS. Age IH; born in Indiana.

n^erihant; enliste.l from Ottawa. August 7. 1m;2. ^^XlTotuJL-

Sereeanf was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Marts

vUle when, he was wounded in the head. In the Tu llahoma and

Chlck^rnauKa campaigns; was in the actions of Klk River. Davis

rrnss Ro- fs aid the battle of Chbkamauga. Took part in the

AUami ": mpaig at Buzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hope Church.

fh, l^mbs ironn.1 Ken-saw Mountain. "«"'" --"^ ^^ ^X the

1864 bv a piece of shell in the breast: was at Peach Tree Creek the

BW^e of itlanta. I'tov Creek. Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood; on

Se ,m nh to the sea and through the Carollnas 'o "entonville.

pn,moted First Sergeant for "-ritoriot.s serv ces. Mus ere. out

lune i; lR»-,r, hives In San Francisco. Cal.. S4S \alen( ia htneu

f;?".rge'wcMld take another chew of tobacco while the bullets were

aXk with as much sang frold as though sitting around the camp

*"" dP-Pf-FANT WILMAM J. ANDKRSON Age li»; born In New
York c^erk enlist from Ottawa. August 0. isr.2; appointed Cor-
]Z^V. w« in t".e battle of Hartsviiie and woun.led In Jh^arm. waH
In he Tullahoma an.l Chbkamauga .ampaigi.s; was at Kk RIv.i.
>av H Crc sH R. ds the battles of Chlckama.iga. lx»okout .Mountain
indMHHlon llge. Promoted Sergeant Was at Buzzatd Roost,
ulcr New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mm.n.aln and Peach Tree
Cn..k At the litter severely wounded In the neck, and absent
wounded at the muster out of R.-glment.

REGIMENT I'l. LIXOIS V0LUNTEP:RS. 435

SERGEANT WILLIAM H. CONARD. Age 18; born in Ohio;
farmer: enlisted from Serena. August 14, 1862; was in the Kentuckv
campaign and the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and
<:!hickamauga campaigns; was present at Elk River and Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga; in the battles of Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge and the skirmishes following. Pro-
moted Cori)oral for meritorious services May 1, 18G4; was in the
Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, the battles around Resaca, No\/
Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. In the
latter battle was severely wounded in the right shoulder and was
sent to hospital, thence home. On recovering he rejoined the Regi-
ment at Goldsboro, N. C, and participated in the last campaign.
Promoted Sergeant April 7, 1865. for meritorious services. Mus-
tered out June 6, 1865. A soldier who could be counted upon in a
tight place. On his return home he was tendered a commission as
Lieutenant in the Regular Army by Hon. B. C. Cook, then a mem-
ber of Congress from the Ottawa district, but declined. Lives near
Ransom, 111. Has been, since the war, engaged successfully in farm-
ing and stock raising, and has held the office of Supervisor of the
Township of Allen. See "Incidents."

CORPORAL THOMAS WEEKS. Age 41; born in England;
wood turner; enlisted from Ottawa, August 15, 1862; appointed Cor-
poral; was in tlie Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville,
ville, where he was killed December 7. 1862. He was a quiet man,
attentive to duty and a brave soldier. His death caused deep regret.

CORPORAL JOHN D. KING. Age 20; born in Michigan; black-
smith; enlisted from Ottawa, August 9, 1862; appointed Corporal;
■was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. where he
fought bravely until mortally wounded by a rebel bullet in the heat
■of battle.

CORPORAL LYMAN L. NATTINGER. Age 17; born in Ohio;
v.'Pgon maker; enlisted from Ottawa. August 7, 1862; appointed Cor-
poral; was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville,
where he was wounded at base of skull; was taken prisoner and for
a while in the rebel hospital at Murfreesboro; was taken to various
prisons, finally landing in Libby; exchanged at City Point; rejoined
the Regiment at Camp Douglas and went with it to the front in
April, 1863. He was in the Chickamauga campaign; at Elk River
and Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at
Buzzard Roost. Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy
Creek, Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea
and throiigh the Carolinas. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at
San Jose, Cal.

CORPORAL DAVID V. DIEHL. Age 23; born in Ohio; farmer;
enlisted from Deer Park, August 11, 1862; appointed Corporal; he
was in the Kentucky campaign, and battle of Hartsville, where he
was killed December 7, 1862. Corporal Diehl was six feet two and
one-half inches in height, and fell facing the foe.

CORPORAL CHESTER MARTIN. Age 29; born in New York;
farmer; enlisted from Ottawa. August 9, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville. Died at home. March 10. 1864.

CORPORAL HILON L. MEAD. Age 27; born in Ohio; teacher:
enlisted from Ottawa, August 14. 1862; appointed Corporal; marched
through Kentucky to Hartsville. At time of the battle was with the
supply train at Gallatin. Remained there on duty in the com-

4M THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

niiK.tiiiv liciutrtment until he Joined the Rc^ituent near Kenesaw
Muiiiiiuin in IstM. Wum in the battle of IVaih Tree Creek and
uoiiuJed on the head; went to hoHpita! at Chattanooga and
NaMhville Itejoineil the Regiment, after being on duty at Cliatla-
no«>):a in N'ortli Carolina. Mustered out June G, 18G5. Lives in
Tacimia. Wahh. 1b a lawyer.

CtUtroRAL AL.MON C. WILSKY. Age 30; born in New Yorii;
boatman: enliHted from Ottawa. AugUKt 15. \hi\2. appointed Cor-
|K)nil; wan in the l»attle of HartKville. Transferred to V. R. C,
January If,. ls»U, Lives in Chicago.

CORPORAL HENRY JONES. Age 44; born in Ohio; farmer;
enliHted from I'tica, August 14. IKGI'; was in the battle of Hartsville.
and in the Tullahonia and Chicl<amauga campaigns; at EIW River,
Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. Was at Ruzzard Roost. Resaca, Ken^saw Moun-
tain. IVach Tree Cnt-k. I'toy Creek, Jonesboro. Took part in the
pursuit of Mood, the march to the sea and through the Caniliiias;
promoted Cori»oral for meritorious service. Mustered out June 6,
isr..'.. Was a soldier always ready ^for duty in camp or battle. No
soldier was more prompt at all times.

CORPORAL JAltKl) K. KIMHALL. Age 4(t; born in Connecti-
cut; mason: enlisted from I'tUa. August 14. lsr.2; was in the battle
of Hartsville: the Tullahoma and Chickanuiuga campaigns; at Elk
River. Davis Cross Roads. Chickanuiuga. lx>okout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cami>aign was present at Hu7zard
R(M>st, Re.saca. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks.
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sec.
and thnuigh the Carolinas: at Mentonville: promoted Corporal for
meritorious service. Mustered out June »i. lt>Gr». Ijist heard of in
Kansiis. There was no discount on Jerry, who was sometimes called
"Kansas."

CORI»ORAL WILLIAM WILKINSON. Age 22; born in England;
farmer: enlisted frou) Dayton. August 14. 1SG2; was in the battle of
Hartsville and in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at
Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. Chickamauga. Ix)okout Mountain
and Mission Ridge; wounded in the latter battle. Was in the sklr-
misheK at (Sraysville and Taylors Ridge; in the Atlanta campaign at
Huzzard Roost. Resa«a. New Ho|>e Church. Kenesaw Mountain.
Peach Tree Creek. Itoy CnVk. Jonesboro. Took part in the pursuit
of Hood, the march to the seii and through the Carolinas to Ren-
tonvllle Promoted Ccirporal for meritorious service. Mustered out
June •;. 1st;.',. .Moved to Kansas, residente not known.

DAVID A WISHER. .Musi<ian; age 20; born in Ohio; farmer;
enlisted from Rutland. .Xiigust 11. lKr)2; was in the battle of Harts-
ville and badiv wounded in the hand. Discharged for wound April
14. 1KG3.

JOHN (', DEHOLT. Musician; age 2G; born in Illinois; farmer;
enlisted from Rutland. August 14. 1SG2; was In the battle of Harts-
ville. Was in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, New
Hoik* Church: mortally wounded July IMh. near Kenewiw .Mountain;
died July Ht. 1S»;4

JOH.V PARROTT Age 25»: born In Ohio; wagoner: enllste.l from
Rutland. ,\ugust 11, D>G2; farmer; was in all the campatciis Mti>«-
tered out Juno 6. 1865. Died several years afo.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 437

JOHN W. ABBOTT. Age 22; born in New York; farmer; enlisted
from Grand Ra])i(ls August 11, lsiJ2; was in the battle uf
Hartsville; the actions of Elli River and Davis Cross Roads; the bat-
tles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign was at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek. Killed in the latter battle, July 20, 1864.

THOMAS ABBOTT. Age 19; born in New Jersey; farmer; en-
listed from Grand Rapids, August 11, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville and in the TuUahoma campaign. Discharged December
9, 1863; disability. Lives in Nebraska.

SILAS H. BREESE. Age 19; born in Illinois; farmer; enlisted
from Serena, August l.'S, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville. Taken sick and transferred to V. R. C, Sep-
tember 30, 1863. Discharged July 7, 1865. Lives at Forest City, la.

ISAAC BAtlMGARDNER. Age 29; born in Pennsylvania;
worker in metals; enlisted from Ottawa, August 11, 1862; was in the
battle of Hartsville and the Tullahoma campaign. Was attacked
with chronic rheumatism and discharged January 9, 1864. Lives at
•Ottawa, 111.

EDWIN A. BOYCE. Age 28; born in New York; farmer; en-
listed from Ottawa, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign
and the battle of Hartsville. Died in Chicago, March 19, 1863.

CHARLES H. BROWN. Age 29; born in Newport, R. I.; farmer;
enlisted from Deer Park. August 14. 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and the battle of Hartsville, where he was wounded in the
neck. Was in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Was in
the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Taken sick
and transferred to V. R. C, February 29, 1864. Discharged Septem-
ber 26, 1864, on account of heart disease or neuralgia. Charley was
a crack shot and faithful to his duty. Lives at Ogalalla, Neb. Is
in the real estate business, but has had poor health since the war.

GEORGE H. BAILEY. Age 24; born in Connecticut; farmer;
enlisted from Ottawa, August 1.5, 1862; was in the battle of Harts-
ville and the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River,
-Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard
Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree
and Utoy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was or. the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas. Mustered out June 6. 1865. Not living.

ALEXANDER COYLE. Was in the Chickamauga campaign, at
Davis Cross Roads and Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign and
that of the Carolinas. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

JAMES T. CUNNINGHAM. Age 20; born in New York; glass
cutter; first enlisted in 1861. in the Twelfth New York Infantry,
Company E. Was in the first battle of Bull Run and was wounded by
the saber cut of a rebel cavalryman. Discharged after four months'
service. Enlisted again from Ottawa. August 18. 1862; was in the
Kentucky, Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads and Chickamauga. Wounded severely in the
latter battle in the ankle; in Nashville hospital until discharged for
wound, February 22. 1864. Lives in Chicago and is engaged in the
newspaper business.

FREDERICK CREGGER. Age 29; born in Germany: farmer;
■enlisted from Deer Park, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-

«3S THi: '>.M. nr.M'Jti;!' AM" K<'ri:rn

paiKU auil ihf baiiie of Haritiville: in the TuUuhuina and Cblcka-
DiauKn rani|>alK»t>: a( KIk HiviT, I>avi8 Orot>8 Uoads; at Chlcku-
niuuKH. lAMjkoiK Muunlain and MiKMlon KiilK«' Wa8 in llu' Atlanta
cun)(MilKn at Ihizzard Koont. Kt'tiaca. K«-nfsa\v Muuntain. l'«*a<h Trew
and Itoy C'r»*ekH. Jonesboru. In the piirMiit of Hood, on tht* umrcU
to the MMi and through the Carolinait: at lientonvllle. MuKtered out
June 6. ist'tit. Llve8 in IHht I'nrk. III.: is a farmer.

KI>\VAHI> J t'lUTlS. Age 2\: born in lllinoiK; farmer; eu-
liMted from Walthani. AuguKt II, I8G2; was in the Kentucky cam-
paiKU anU the battle of liartHville, where he was killed, December
7, \y>>'.'2 He waH much enttH-med by all.

JOSKl'H \V. I'ONARI). Age I'O; born In LickinR County, Ohio;
farmer. enliHted from Serena. AuKTUKt 14. iSt'.L'; \va.s in the Kentucky
campaign an«l battle of HarlKvilU*. where he was KliKhtly \voun<led
under the left eye; ftred the lirsi shot at Hartsville that alarnxd
the camp; was in the Tullahonia and ChlckamauKa campalKHK; at KIk
River. Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickaniauga. receiviuK
iu the latter a severe gunshot wound. Was also in the battles around
Kenesaw Mountain antl Peach Tree Creek; in the various skirmishes
in front of Atlanta; at I'toy Creek and Jonesboro. Was in the imr-
suit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to
Hentonville. When Joe fired some one dropped. Mustered out
June G. ISG'). Lives at Buckley. III. Is engaged in farming and
raising fine Jersey cows.

I'KTKR Dl'NN. Age IS; born In Scot'land; farmer: enlisted from
Ottawa. August 15. 1S()2: was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville; in the Tullahonia and Chickaniauga campaigns; at
Elk Itiver. Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickaniauga. Wa»
in the battles of Ix>okout Mountain and Mission Ridge; at liuzzard
Roost. Resaca. New Hope Church and the battles around KenesatV
Mountain. Killed at Fench Tree Creek. July 20. 1SG4. Was a brave
and faithful soldier and grit to the backbone.

WILLIAM H. DKIKKRT. Age IH; born in Illinois; farmer;
enlisted from Ottawa. August 15. \^('>'2. was in the battle of Harts-
ville. Discharged October 8. 1S64; disability. Lives in Ottawa. 111.

LVSANDKR DOWNING. Age 1^; born in Lynn. Mass.: enlisted
from Serena. August 1.'.. 18G2: farmer; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville; also in a part of the Tullahonia ciim-
paign; taken sick and transferred to V. R. C, November 1. lsr,4;
was a Cori>oral in Company I. Seventeenth Regiment. Discharged
June .Hi. IhG'i. Lives in McMinnville. Ore. Is a farmer.

WILLIAM J. DAILY. Age 30; born in New York; farmer; en-
listed from Freedom. August 12. 1802; was in the buttle of Harts-
ville. and slightly wonn<le(l. Deserted January G, lst'i;i.

WILLARD M KLLSWORTH. Age 22: born in Conne.ticut ; en-
listed from D«er Park. August 11. lst;2; was in the battb- of Harts-
ville and thi* Tullahonia campaign. Transferred to V. R. C. Oclober
29. ISM

LKVI EAMES. Age 2S: born in Pennsylvania: farmer; enlisted
from Ottawa. August 12. IH»'>2; was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of HarlHville; in the Tullahonia and Chickaniauga campaigns;
at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chi<-kamauga.
where he was taken prisoner Septemlier 2o. \StVA, sent to Richmond,
thenci* to Andersonville. and last s«»en In the prison at Macon. (Ja ..
by Wallace; died there or at the former place.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 439

THOMAS FERRIS. Age 23; born in New York; farmer; en-
listed from Ottawa. August 15, 1862; deserted September 6, 1862.

JEREMIAH GROVE. Age 23; born in Illinois; farmer; en-
listed from Rutland, August 14, 1802; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville. In the Chickamauga campaign from
Decherd, and was at Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta cam-
paign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and
Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march
to the sea. Taken sick at Savannah and died February 9, 1865.

JAMES L. GREEN. Age 22; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from Dayton. August 14, 1802; was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaign, and at Elk River;
swam across that stream and scouted on the south side in advance
of our forces before the rebels had left the vicinity. At Cowan ho
was detailed to drive an ammunition wagon. Was captured by
Wheeler's cavalry in the Sequatchie Valley during the siege of
Chattanooga, but escaped. Was in all the subsequent campaigns.
Mustered out June 6. 1865. Lives at Streator, 111.

JOHN W. HART. Age 23; born in Rhode Island; farmer; en-
listed from Deer Park, August 15, 1862; was at Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma campaign to Elk River; sunstruck, but recovered, and
was at Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. Was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain,
Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was in pursuit of Hood, in
the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Mus-
tered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Salina, Kan. Is a farmer and nearly
blind.

JAMES M. HILLS. Age 39; born in Sackett's Harbor, N. Y.;
bookkeeper; enlisted from Farm Ridge, August 14, 1862; was in the
battle of Hartsville and in the Tullahoma campaign. Was on detail
most of the time at brigade headquarters, being a fine penman and
accustomed to clerical work. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives lu
Chicago. Is cashier and bookkeeper and has been with the same
house since the war, always occupying positions of trust and re-
sponsibility.

EDWARD J. HARNEY. Age 27; born in Illinois; farmer; en-
listed from Freedom, August 14, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville.
Deserted April 12, 1863.

GEORGE HEMENOVER. Age 18; born in Michigan: farmer;
enlisted from Rutland. August 11, 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and in the battle of Hartsville. where he was killed, Decem-
ber 7, 1862. He was generous and brave.

JACOB HURD. Age 39; born in Canada: bridge builder; en-
listed fi'om Ottawa. August 9, 1862. Deserted April 9, 1863.

JAMES F. HOLLAND. Age 23; born in Ohio: farmer: enlisted
from Deer Park. August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign
and battle of Hartsville. In the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns: at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chicka-
mauga. Was taken sick and died at Chattanooga. November 3, 1863.
Always attentive to duty ^d never flinched.

ALBERT P. KEMP. Age 24; born in Ohio; farmer: enlisted from
Utica. August 9. 1862: was in the battle of Hartsville. Discharged
April 24, 1865; disability.

440 THE ONE HL NDRED AND FOURTH

WIIJJAM A KAIN. Age 21: born In Ponnsylvanla, farmer; en-
lUU'd from Uayion. AugUHt 13. 1SG2; waH in th«' batlli* of HartsvlUo;
in tti«' Tullahonia and CMiickaniauKa ranipaignK; at Elk Hlvcr, Davia
CroKM UuailK, an<l ttu* battle of ChickaniauKa. WaK in tiio battles of
Ix>okoiit Mountain and MiKhion Hidge. In tlie latter battle a rel>ebl
sharpHhooter. w iio had brouKht down Keveral of our men. was himself
quk'ted by Kain. who shot left handed. The brave Kain was killed
soon after and the Ueglmi-nt lost a noble soldier, whose memory
nrlll always be ploaMint to his comrades and those who knew him.
\Villiam .M. Wilson says: "Hilly Kain. who shot left handed, soon
sllenc^'ii that reln-l so that he did not trouble us any more." William
fnHjuently butchered cattle for the <ommand. but his heart waa
larger than those of the oxen he killed.

DAVID K. LATHUOI*. Age .{•«: born in New York; farmer; en-
listed from South Ottawa. AuRust 11. ls«;2; was in the battle of Harls-
ville and imrt of the Tullahonui campaign. Taken sick; discharged
Julv 4. iSf.lJ.

OLIVER L. LAWRENCE. Age 29; born in New York; farmer;
enlisted from I'tieii, August 13. 1862; discharged.

JAMES LYLE. Age 22; born in Massachusetts; farmer; enlisted
from \U't'r I'ark. August 14. 1S»;2. He was in the Kentucky campaign
and battle of Hartsville. Discharged December 12. 1S»)2. for a serious
disability.

JAMES I) LAWRENCE. Age 18; born in Indiana; farmer;
<*nliHted from Serena. August ir». 1S»>2: was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahonia campaign at Elk
Ri\-er. Was in the action of Davis Cross Roads and the battles of
Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the At-
lanta campaign: at Buzzard Roost. Resata. New Hop«' Church, the
battles around Kenesjiw. Peach Tree Creek and Itoy Creek. Jones-
boro. In the pursuit of Hood until taken sick with typhoid fever,
■when he was sent from one hospital to another until mustered out,
May 20. 1st;.".. James always did his duty most faithfully.

LANCSDON n. MORRILL. Age 27: born in New Hampshire;
fnmier: enlisted from Deer Park, August 14. 1S»;2; was in the Ken-
tui'ky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Taken sick at Camp Chase,
Ohio, and ilied January !'>, 1S63.

ALONZO W. MERRICK. Age 18; born in Indiana: farmer; en-
listed from Ottawa. August 13. 18G2; discharged October 4. 1862;
disabllitv.

ORVILLE L. MOORHEAD. Age 24: born in Ohio; farmer: en-
listed from Deer Park. .Vugust 14. 1S(;2; was in the Kentucky cam-
]>aign and tlie l)attle of Hartsville, where he was killed, December 7,
1862. by a bullet in the forehead and while in the act of firing on
the enemv; he was genen)us and brave.

SAMl'EL N. MERRIAM. Age 20; born in Massachusetts;
farmer: enlisted from lU't-r Park. August 13. 1S62: was in the Ken-
tticky campaign an<l the battle of Hartsville. where he was mortally
wounded and died a few days later. His death was mourned.

WILLIAM C. MIDDLETON. Age 2r.; born in England: farmer;
<»nliHtod fr«»m Dayton, .\ugiist 14. 1S62: wi^ in the battle of Hartsville
and the Tullahonia campaign. Died at T'liatlaiuMiga. November 22.
1863.

FELIX MCrLLOI'C.H. Age 19; born In Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from Deer Park, August 14. 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign

REGIMENT ILLINOIS V0LUNTP:ERS. 441

and the battle of Hartsvllle, where he was severely wounded in the
arm. At Camp Chase, Ohio, went to hospital; wound not having
been properly attended to, he died, December 28. 18t>2. He was a
brave soldier and his name an index of his nature.

.JOHN M'CULLOUGH. Age 30; born in Ohio: farmer; enlisted
from Deer Park. August 14. 18G2; was in the Kentucky campaign
and the battle of Hartsville. Took part in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns: at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and
Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca,
Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek. Killed in the latter battle,
-July 20, 1864. He was one of the bravest. See "Incidents."

JAMES McCORMICK. Age 24; born in Illinois; farmer; enlisted
from Farm Ridge, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign
and the battle of Hartsville. Deserted April 12, 1863.

JAMES A. NEWELL. Age 19; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from Deer Park, August 13, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville.
Taken sick in 1863, but rejoined the Regiment and was in the battles
around Kenesaw Mountain; at Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jones-
boro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas; at Bentonville. James could be depended
upon every time. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Rockport,
Mo. Is a merchant.

JOHN W. NATTINGER. Age 29; born in Ohio; carpenter; en-
listed from South Ottawa, August 14, 1862; was in the battle of Harts-
ville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta
campaign; at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach
Tree and Utoy Creeks, and Jonesboro. In the campaign after Hood,
on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas; at Bentonville.
Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at San Jose, Cal.

BENJAMIN PHILLIPS. Age 23; farmer; enlisted from Utica,
August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of
Hartsville, where he was wounded in the face severely, and slightly
in the neck. Discharged for wounds January 25, 1863. Lived at
Decatur, Neb. Died in 1894.

WILLIAM W. PILKINGTON. Age 19; born in Ohio; farmer;
-enlisted from Allen, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and the battle of Hartsville. In the Tullahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle
of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost,
Resaca, New Hope Church and the battles around Kenesaw Moun-
tain. Mortally wounded at Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864, and died
shortly after. A fine soldier.

WILLIAM H. PEMBROOK. Age 20; born in Illinois: farmer;
enlisted from South Ottawa, August 15, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

CHARLES RUGER. Age 18; born in Illinois; farmer; enlisted
from Serena, August 15. 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and
the battle of Hartsville. Took part in the Tullahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns: at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads, and the
battle of Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge, where he was wounded slightly; was in the engagements
following the latter battle. In the Atlanta campaign he was present
at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, the battles around
Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. Was in the numerous

442 THE ONK HUNDRED AND FuLHTH

k"; • ' in front of Alluntu. Wuh luortuUy wounded July 25,

1" u*d on the I'Glh. Tlu* KfKinjent lost one of its best soldiers

w .. .. ; !«•> Uut:>*r di»'(l. His body was taken home by his father

and laid to rt-si in the family burying ground on the old farm.

WILLIAM V HOSE. Age 5u; born in New York; farmer; eu-
lUted from iK-er I'ark. August H. IM'l; marehed to Frankfort; dis-
charged Oftober ir.. iHiL'; disability. It can be said of him, "The
spirit was willing but the tlesh was weak."

DAVID A. itlMl'LE. Age 19; born in Perry County. Pa.;
blaikKmith; enlisted from South Ottawa. August lit. 1KG2; was in
th«- bait If ol Hartsvilb-; in tin- Tullahoma and Chirkamauga cam-
paigns. a( KIk Itivt'r. Davis I'ross Itoads. and the battle of C'hicka-
niaiigii Was in th«- battles of lookout .Mountain and .Mission llldge.
In the .Mlanta campaign was at liuzzard Roost. Kesaca. New Hope
Church. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree Crwk, I'toy Creek, Jones-
boro. Was In the puiHUlt of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolluas; at lientonville. Always on hand. Mustered
out .May 1'4. ISO.'.. Lives In South (Jllawa.

ROHKItT ROHINSD.W Age 33; born In Canada; farmer; en-
listed from Dvfr Park, .\ugust l.'i. 1SG2; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and the battle of Hartsville; discharged January 9. 1864; dis-
ability.

KDW.VRD C. RISSKLL. .\ge L'l : born In New York; farmer;
eulistetl from Dt^-r Park, .\ugust 14. 1S<;2; was in the Kentucky
campaign and battle of Harisville. In the Tullahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns: was at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the
battb- of Chickamauga. \\ as in the battles of Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the .Mlanta campaign was at Rocky Face, the
battb'S around Resjica. New Htrpe Church, Kenesaw Mountain; at
Peach Tree Creek and I'toy Creek, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit
of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carollnas to Uen-
tonville. While at Savannah was one of one hundred picked men
selected by .Major Widiiier to charge the rebel lireastworks across
the lagoon, in a night expedition. .Mustered out June 0. ISGo. His
recortl speaks for itself. Lives in San Francisco, Cal.

.\LFRED ROPERTS. .\ge I'li; born In New York; farmer; en-
listed from Ottawa. August 9, 1862; was In the Kentucky campaign
and seriously wounded In the battle of Hartsville. Discharged for
wound A|)ril 14, 1S63.

JOHN P. REICtERT. Age 25; born in Pennsylvania; farmer;
enlisted from Ottawa, .August 9. 1862; was In the battle of Hartsville;
in the Tullahoma and <'hlckamauga campaigi.h; at Elk River. Davis
Cross Roads. Chl<kani:iuga. Was at Lookout .Mountain and .Mission
Ridge Was in the pursuit (»f Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carollnas. A good soldier and tine forager, generally
bringing in his mule loaded. Mustered out June 6. 186r.. Died some
years ago.

RODERICK D REED. Age 22: born in New York: enlisted from
I>«'er Park, .\ugust 14. 1S(;2: was In the Kentucky campaign and the
battle of Hartsville, where he was killed, iH'cember 7, 1S62. His
IH)sitlon. when he fell, was next to that of the writer, who remem-
bers the circumstance well and raised his head at the time. A gifted
poet wrote a po«'in on his death, from whi<li the following Is ex-
tracted;

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 443

"He joined in the conflict and boldly did stand,

The battle raged fierce on the plain;
But soon fell the weapon from his faithful hand,

The noble young soldier was slain."

JOSEPH A. SHERMAN. Age 23: born in Pennsylvania; mason;
enlisted from South Ottawa, August 13, 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and the battle of Hartsville, where he was seriously
wounded in the arm. Discharged for wound. May 13, 1863.

CHARLES G. SMITH. Age 43; born in New York; carriage
maker; enlisted from South Ottawa, August 15, 1862; was in the battle
of Hartsville. Transferred to V. R. C. September 2, 1863.

WILLIAM H. SMITH. Age 32; born in Fayette County, Ind.;
farmer; enlisted from Utica, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and the battle of Hartsville; in the TuUahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga.
At Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June 6,
1865. Lives at Utica, 111.

HENRY B. SMITH. Age 27; born in Roxbury, Conn.; farmer;
enlisted from Deer Park, August 14. 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and the battle of Hartsville; in the TuUahoma campagin;
at Elk River. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca,
New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks,
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea
and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Never missed anything
but his rations and shot straight. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives
at Deer Park, 111.

WILLIAM A. SMITH. Age 15; born in Illinois. Discharged
October 15. 1862; disability.

JAMES G. SEWARD. Age 38; born in New York; carpenter;
enlisted from Ottawa, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and the battle of Hartsville. where he was wounded. In the
TuUahoma and Chickamauga campaigns at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga, where he was color bearer
and mortally wounded, dying at Chattanooga. October 22, 1863. He
was a brave man.

JAMES C. SCHOONOVER. Age 22; born In New York; farmer;
enlisted from Freedom, August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and the battle of Hartsville. Was in the TuUahoma cam-
paign and at Elk River. In the battles of Davis Cross Roads, Chicka-
mauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign, was at Buzzard Roost, Resaca. New Hope Church. Mortally
wounded before Kenesaw, May 30, 1864. Died June 26, 1864. Much
regretted.

ALBERT J. SCOVILL. Age 23; born in New York; painter; en-
listed from Ottawa. August 14, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville;
the TuUahoma campaign and at Elk River. In all the other cam-
paigns with the band and ambulance corps. Mustered out June
6, 1865.

RUSSELL WAIT. Age 29; born in Ohio; laborer; enlisted from
Ottawa, August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville. In the Chickamauga campaign; at Lookout Moun-

44J THE OXK II. -M.itED AND FOUKTH

mill aiKi Missum KiliK*'. Wuk In ihf Atlauta campaign and battlt^s;
on tlif iiiurrh to tin- sea and throiicli l\w CarolinaH lo IkMUonvllle.
MuKlt-rfd oiii JiiiM' »;, Ivtj'i. Difd Keveral jeaiHaKO.

WILLIAM M WILSON. Age 18; born in Kngiand; farmer;
enliHKMl from AdaiiiH. AuriihI 14. istij; waH in the K«Milui"ky <-am-
IMiiKn and ih<* battli* of llarthville. In tlu* Tullahoma and (Miict<a-
maiiKa «-am|)aiKnK: h*- wa** in the actlonK of Klli Kiver. Davis Cross
UoailH and the battle of (^'llickamauga. September VJ and 20, lHii3.
In the 8kirmi»heH at CJniysvlllf and Taylor'H Ritlge. or Ringgold. In
the Atlanta campaign wa« present at Buzzard Hoohl. Uetuica, New
HoiH- Churcli. the battles around KeiM-saw Mountain and Peach
Tn*«* I'nH'k. where he was wnerely wounded in the left shoulder
Joint, which was shattered. The surgeons made a re»e<-tion and in
lime Wilson iMirtially recovereil. Was discharged February 27,
ISGa. for wounil. Lives at Spauldlng. la., antl is a farmer. There
are no Hy-siM-ckH on his record. S«*e "Incidents."

CH.VHLKS W. WILSON. Age 2^: born in New York; farmer;
eulisted from Ottawa. August 13. 18»>2; was in the battle of Harts-
ville and wounde«i in the leg. Was in the Tullahoma an<l Chicka-
mauga campaigns; at KIk River. Davis (.'ross Roads, and the battle
of Chickamauga. Al)sent. sick, at muster out of Regiment. Lives
at McCune. Kan. Is a farmer and grain dealer.

JOHN WALLACE. Age 215; born in Dublin. Ireland, of Scotch
parentage; farmer: enlisted from South Ottawa. August 15. 1K02; was
in the battle of Hartsvllle. In the Tullahoma campaign; at Elk
River: in the action of Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chicka-
mauga. where he was on the skirmish line and knocked over by
the con< ussion of a cannon ball hitting a tree, and was taken
prisoner. He was sent to Richmond and Danville; e8cai)ed from
the latter, but was recaptured and sent lo Andersonvllle. Disguised
as a reliel, he escai)ed in November. 1SG4. and rode on a train to
Macon: there saw l^vl Eanies of Company E, who died in prison.
He then boarded a train for Savannah, but was detected by a rebel
officer and started ba<-k to ])rison. The train was <'aptured by Kil-
patri<k. and .lohn was sent to Washington. Rejoi»<"d the Regi-
ment in the Carollnas and was at Benlonville. Mustered out June
6. is»;r.. Lives at Ponliac. III. Is a farmer and engineer and has
become wealthy.

WILLI A.M A. WELLER. Age 39; born in New York; farmer;
unlisted from drand Rapids. August 14. 18G2; was in the Kentucky
campaign and at Hartsvllle. Discharged July 23. 1863; disability.
Died some years ago.

F!V.\N WYMAN. Age 2»;; born in Pennsylvania; enlisted from
South Ottawa. August 13. 18»;2; he was in the Kentucky campaign
an<l battle of Hnrtsville; In the Tullahoma and Chi«kamauga cam-
paigns: at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads an<l the battle of Chicka-
niaiiga. Was at Ixjokout Mountain and Mission Rlilge; at Buzzard
R«H>st, Resaca. New Ibipe Church. Ken»'saw Mountain. Peach Tree
and I'toy Cr«'«'k». Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to Dw sea and through the Carollnas to Bentonville. Wounded
slightly in the leg twi<'e. oni-e at Resiica and once in front of At-
lanta Miisten-d out June «. 1865. Lives in Omaha, Neb. Is in the
book buHlneHs.

JOSEPH B WII^SON Age 28; born in Ohio, farmer; enlisted
from Itlca. August 14. 1H62; was in the battle of Hartsvllle. At Elk

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 4415

River, Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was also at Buzzard Roost, Resaca,
New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks,
Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas; at Bentonville. Carried considerable fat, but
it did not prevent his getting around, nor did the rebels get any.
Mustered out June (5, ISfif). Lives in Utica, 111.

DANIEL C. WHITMORE. Age 18; born in Ohio; farmer; de-
serted January 6, 1863.

STEPHEN WALTER. Age 43; born in England; farmer; en-
listed from South Ottawa, August 14. 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign to Tompkinsville, Ky. Died there November 23, 1862. Was
very useful to the Regiment as a butcher. His early death im-
pressed all.

QUINCY D. WHITMAN. Age 36; born in Huron County, Ohio;
bookkeeper; enlisted from Ottawa, August 14, 1862; promoted Ser-
geant-Major. See N. C. Staff for record.

DARWIN ZEEK. Age 15; born in Illinois; enlisted from Ot-
tawa, August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
Hartsville. In the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. At Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge and Resaca. In employ of Illinois
Central; residence Amboy, 111.

RECRUITS.

SAMUEL A. FISKE. Enlisted from Ottawa, December 16, 1863.
In the Atlanta campaign; on the march to the sea and slightly
wounded. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

NEWTON J. HORNBECK. Age 17; born in New York; farmer;
enlisted from Deer Park. December 16, 1863; was in the Atlanta
campaign; at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. Was in the
pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Caro-
linas; at Bentonville. Was always on hand. Transferred to Com-
pany I, Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry, and mustered out July 12,
1865. Is a large builder and contractor at Streator, 111.

JOHN G. NEWELL. Age 15; born in Brown County, Ohio;
farmer; enlisted from Deer Park, December 16, 1863; was in the
Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, the
battles around Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek,
Jonesboro. W^as in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea
and through the Carolinas; at Bentonville. Very young, but brave.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Mustered out at
Louisville, Julv 12, 1865. Is a farmer near Ransom, 111.

CHARLES A. PEMBROOK. Enlisted from Fall River, January
4, 1864; in the campaign of the Carolinas and at Bentonville. Trans-
ferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Lives in Nebraska.

JOHN WARD. Enlisted from Freedom, December 21, 1863. Died
at Springfield, September 25, 1864.

STATISTICS OF COMPANY K

Total enllHliUfia 101

Klll<>d unti mortally wounded 20

Wouitded 27

Dliu-harKt-d for wouiuIb 8

DlBtharKed for dlnabillty 16

Died of dlwHKe 7

Died in And«-r»onvllle

I'rointi'tl S«'rK»'ant-MaJor

MuMt<T4'd uiil June a, 1H65

MuKt«-r<>d out a( other dates

TranHferred to V. It. C

TranHferre«l lo Thirty-fourth IlllnolB Infantry

Abwnl. hlfk. at niuKter out

AbBent. wounde«l. at muster out

Deserted »*

Known lo be living (December. 1894) 3»

CHAPTER XXIX.

Company F — How and Where Organized — Roster and Biogra-
phies— Statistics.

SKETCH OF COMPANY F.

lu regard t<> the recruit iiijn ;ni<l organization of this
conii)aiiy ("aptjiiu vStrawn writes: "Abont tlie middle
of the stininier of 1S(J2 James .1. McKernau, of IJruce
Township, ins])ired by his h)ve of conutrj and stung
by the general and welNknown fact of the ba(d;ward-
ness of democrats -in enlisting, made up his mind to
raise a com])any in his own town to be comi><>sed
mostly of democrats. He recruited about sixty, which
it was seen was abont the maximum. He therefore
suggested to the writer to join with him and till up the
company. The suggestion was acted ujxui and by Au-
gust 14th the ranks were full and what became Com-
pany F organized." Thus by the patriotic and prompt
action of these two representatives of different polit-
ical faiths in the town of Brtice, men who enjoye<l the
contidence of all, as men, ( 'oin])any F sprang into being
and was made u]) alnn^st wholly of the hardy and stal-
wart sons of toil in the southern i)art of the county.
On the organization James J. McKernan was elected
Captain, William Strawn First Lieutenant, John C.
Linsley Second Lieutenant. Atistin V. Mitchell was
appointed First Sergeant; George W. Cooper, Joseph
M. Walker, Charles M. Johnson, Francis M. Daugherty,
Sergeants.

Benjamin W. Jones, Cieorg<^ McCandlish, William
A. Smith, Benj. F. Fathnestock, Stephen Mason, Will-
iam Cunliff, Calvin Brock, Martin H. Crider, Corporals.

The company reported at Ottawa and became a part
of the One Hundred and Fourth, with which its for-
tunes were thenceforth identitie<l. Tn the future
inarches and battles of the Reaiment the brave men of

448 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOl'RTH

(\»infmn> I' w.n- alwavs f«Miiul ai tin- fi«»nt w Im-iwit
Wulv ralltMl. Tin* |MTs«inal «larin^ of soiih- of ih.- uhmu-
ln'is is wi'll known, wliilr iIm* sicadv hra\«Mv of ilit»
(oiiipanv was a n»att«*r nf jtiidf lu all. Ai llaiMs\ilk»
tin* first wirritir** was iiia<l«'. r»>iir <^>uu[ imii. «"«"r
lM»ial .lann's Sitriuci-, .li-., .iojin .MrDou^all, I{«m's llrnrk

aii<l \\ illiain \\ IImmtv. wnc killed. 'riiiri«*cii wnt'

w«tiMHl»M|, iinhhliii;: ("aidaiii .McKciMiaii. Li«Mii«-nanr
William Sirawii was artiii;; Hii^adr ( omniissaiy at
tin* tini«' of tin* Italt If, aii<l ahsnii wii li ahout t w». Iiun-
WimmI ni«-ii of iIh* Mii;,M»l<* al <Jallaliii. Hn ili»' n-imn
of til.' i:«'<:iiin-iil to tin* fioni ill April, \SiVA, ('ajiiaiii
.MrK«-riiaii I«mI his coiniiaiiy iiiitil .linn*, but n'sif:n«Ml
on ilir IHIi of that nionili owin;: to ill-health and his
somewhat advanted years. He was a tlioi(ui<:h |>atriot
and l»ra\ema!i. Lieiitenani Strawn then heranie < 'ap-
tain and i-emaiiied wiili the eum|t:iny and on constant

duty in all its fin me ser\ ire. The |>a<^es of this I k

will show in some small dej^ree t he ]>ait taken l»y < '<uii-
]»any I' in the acliiexenieiits i»eiToinieii l»y the One
Ilinidied and I'oiirth, Iml ran never do fall justice to
the l»ra\e men who fell on the halllelield Of otherwise
fof ilicir countiy, noi- to the li\int: who yet <hei-ish
pnnid i-ecolh-i t ions of foiiiK-f tiials, liardslii]ts and
dan^i'is.

ROSTER OF THE COMPANY.

(.Al'TAlN JAMES J. MKERNAN. Enlistod In July. 18«2. from
Bnic«': farnifr: was in the Ktiitucky cainiMipn aftor lira^K: coiu-
mnndcMl his «onii)any at the hatllf of Hartsvillc. and was wounded
In th«' left arm. riKhl wriHt ami chook. HcsiKiird Juno 14. 1863, at
Murfn*eKl»oro. Ttic Captain was a stand-up hard IlKhter and rc-
irrotted N-avlng thf servlcp. Dlt'<l sonu' yoars ago at his home in
Bniro. from th«* (*fr«»ct8 of Hrlghfs disoaso of tho kidneys. Induced by
hardnhip In the service.

CAI'TAIN WII. MAM STRAWN. Horn in Licking County, Ohio.
NovemlxT 7. IKL'I'. a son of Jacob Strawn. of .Morgan County. 111..
the famouK 'cattle king" of the west. Moving to I^i Salle County
Captain Strawn engaged in farming and stock dealing. an<I during
the Kansas troubles raised and b-d a coni|iany of men to "HIeedliig
KnuiuiM " Whether he flrst imbibed a taste for blood and a military
life at that time we do not know, but he was always reganled as
u very mild mannered man. albeit of strong convictions on some
questluns. and not afraid to show his faith by his works.
Therefore, on August H, 1862. he enlisted an«I was eIect«Ml
Klrni Lieutenant of Company E. Enun thai lime he was con

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. ii9-

tinuously in the service with his company, except when de-
tached as Brigade Commissary for short periods. Captain StrawQ
was in the Tullahoma and Chicl^amauga campaigns; at Ell<^ River,
Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chicl^amauga, Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign he was present at
Buzzard Roost, of Rocky Face, the battles around Resaca, New Hope
Church; the battles around Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek;
the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro; was in the i)ursuit of
Hood, on the march to the sea, the campaign of the Carolinas, and
Bentonville. During much of this long period, Captain Strawn
commanded on the skirmish line in dangerous positions, where
bravery, firmness, and skill, were required. His services closed
only when there was no longer any foe to fight, and he retired to
private life. Lives in Odell, 111., and in his advanced years meditatea
on those stirring times of which he was a part. See his notes else-
where.

FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN C. LINSLEY. Enlisted from
Bruce in August, 1862. Was in the battle of Hartsville and received
a flesh wound in the leg. Resigned August 7, 1864.

FIRST LIEUTENANT CHARLES M. JOHNSON. Age 22; born
in Clinton County, Ohio; farmer; enlisted from L5r>ice, August 14,.
1862. Went out as Fourth Sergeant. Took part in the Kentucky
campaign and in the battle of Hartsville; was in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, the
battles of Chickamauga, Lookout xMourain and Mission Ridge.
Sent home sick from Chattanooga, but recovered in time to take
part in the Atlanta campaign. Was promoted First Sergeant,
February 21, 1864. Was present at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New
Hope Church, Kenesaw^ Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of
Atlanta, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. When Sherman started for the
sea he was unable to go on account of a chronic disease, and was
sent to Nashville. Commissioned Lieutenant for meritorious services
August 5, 1864, but did not muster. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives-
at Stockton, Kan. Is a farmer.

SECOND LIEUTENANT AUSTIN V. MITCHELL. Age 38; born
in Indiana; farmer; enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862; appointed
First Sergeant. Was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of
Hartsville, where he was slightly wounded in both ears. Took part
in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, up to Chickamauga,.
when he was taken severely sick and sent to hospital. Commissioned
Second Lieutenant June 4, 1863, but not mustered. Discharged Jan-
uary 31, 1864. for disability and chronic diarrhea. Lives in Streator,
111. Retired from business.

SERGEANT GEORGE W. COOPER. Enlisted from Bruce, Au-
gust 14, 1862; appointed Sergeant; was in the Kentucky campaign.
Discharged for disability March 7. 1865.

SERGEANT JOSEPH M. WALKER. Enlisted from Bruce, Au-
gust 14, 1862; appointed Sergeant; was in the Kentucky campaign
and marched to Hartsville, where he was taken sick and died
December 4, 1862. He was a good man and soldier.

SERGEANT FRANCIS M. DAUGHERTY. Age 24; born in
Nicholas County, Ky. ; farmer; enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862;
appointed Sergeant; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the Tulla-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads^.
the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridgei^

460 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Took imrt In thf Atlanta campaign, and whh prt'soui at Buzzard
HooMt. of Kotky Kate; th«' baltlf» around Uewiia. New Hope Church,
Kenetiuw Mountain. I'ea<h Tree Creek; the Blege of Atlanta, lloy
Cre«'k. Wa« wounded in the breast at the latter place, August 7,
1S04. but recovered in time to follow Hood to Alabama. Was on
the march to the nea and through the Carollnas. ami was at Hen-
tonvllle. Mustered out with the Uegiment. June G. 1805. He was
an Intrepid soldier and Kt>u«l hhot. Lives near Slreator. Is a farmer.
SEHCiKANT MARTIN H. CKIDKK. Age i:.'.; born In Chambers-
burg. I'a : farmer and teacher; enllste*! from Bruce, August 14, 18G2;
apiM>inted CoriM)ral; was In the battle of Harlsville, and in the
Tullahoma cjimpaign. Took part In the battles of Ix>okout Moun-
tain and Mission Ridge; promoted S«Mgeant; discharged December
1, iStiS, and conunlssioned Second Lieutenant In the Sixteenth I'niled
Slates Colored troojjs. Promoted Kli-st Lieutenant July. 18G5. Took
l»art In the battle of Nashville. Mustered out April 30, 180(i. Lives
in Uruce. Is a farnier.

SKRC.KANT AARON C.. HARDWKLL. .\ge 2S: born In Penn-
sylvania; farmer; enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862; waa In the
Kentuckv campaign; at tin- time of the llarl.sville battle was on
detail at C.allatin. Was tak«n sick and sent home to die, but re-
covering, he rejoined tlie Regiment at Stevenson. Ala., and there-
after never lost a day. He was in the action of Davis Cross Roads.
In the battles of Chlckamauga. lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. Took part In the Atlanta campaign, being i)resent at buz-
lard Roost, of Rocky Face. Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree
Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. Was promoted
Sergeant before Atlanta and made color bearer by Colonel Hape-
man. for meritorious conduct. Also took part In the pursuit of
Hood, the march to the sea, the cami>aign of the Carolinas. and was
present at Hentonville. Mustered out witli tlie Uegiment. June G.
ISG-'i. Lives at Chanute, Kan. Is'lk farmer, but has been unable to
do any work for fifteen vears on account of heart disease.

SKRC.I-:.\NT LKMIKL H. LAICHLIN. Knllsted from Allen.
August 14. 1K(;2. Was in the Kentucky campaign and at the battle
of Hartsville; distinguished for coolness an<l bravery; noted else-
where was slightly wounded. Promoted Sergeant for meritorious
service. Took part In the Tullahoma and Chlckamauga campaigns;
at Hlk River and the action of Davis Cross Roads. Was kllhtl in
the battle of Chbkamauga. September 20. 1803. and a brave man fell
on that bloody day.

SKRdKANT JOHN H. SHAY. Knllsted from Bruce. August 14.
18C2 he was In the Kentucky campaign; In the Tullahoma and
Chlckamauga campaigns; at Klk River. Davis Cross Roa.ls. the
battle of Chlckama\iga. Was at lookout .Motintain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost. Resara. New
HoiH" Church. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree ami lUoy Creeks.
Jonesboro. Was In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea ami
through the Carollnas to B<iitonvilie. He was one of the young«wt
solillers and alwavs on hand. Promoted Sergeant for meritorious
wrvlcrs. Mustered o«it June 6. ISOfi. Is a lawyer at Streator. 111..
and a fine publli- speaker.

SKRC.KANT WVCU H. WILSON. Knllste.l August 14. 1862;
farmer; he was In the Kentucky cam|talgn and battle of Harts-
^1!).. In I),.- Iiillahoma and Chlckamauga cami»algns; at Klk River.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 451

Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and its
battles; in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea, and north-
wards to Bentonville; a brave and faithful soldier always. Pro-
moted Sergeant for meritorious services. Mustered out June 6, 1865.
Lives at Pittsburg, Pa.

SERGEANT .JAMES MOONEY. Age 18; born in Ireland; farmer;
enlisted from Allen, August 7, 18(52; promoted Corporal. Was in
the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge; promoted Sergeant for meritorious
services. In the Atlanta campaign was present at Buzzard Roost,
Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta,
Utoy Creek; wounded at the latter place, August 7, 1864, in the left
hip. Mustered out .June 6. 1865. Lives at Afton, la. Is a farmer.

CORPORAL BENJAMIN W. JONES. Enlisted from Bruce, Au-
gust 14, 1862; appointed Corporal. Deserted December 30, 1862.

CORPORAL GEORGE McCANDLISH. Enlisted from Bruce, Au-
gust 14, 1862; appointed Corporal. Transferred to V. R. C, April
20, 1864.

CORPORAL WILLIAM A. SMITH. Enlisted from Bruce, Au-
gust 14, 1862. Discharged for disability April 23, 1864.

CORPORAL BENJAMIN F. FAHNESTOCK. Enlisted from
Bruce, August 14, 1862; appointed Corporal. Discharged for dis-
ability December 28. 1862.

CORPORAL STEPHEN MASON. Enlisted from Bruce, August
14, 1862; appointed Corporal. Was in the battle of Hartsville. Dis-
charged for disability August 27, 1863.

CORPORAL W^ILLIAM CUNLIFF. Enlisted from Bruce, Au-
gust 14, 1862; farmer; appointed Corporal. Marched to Tompkins-
ville, Ky.; taken sick and died there, December 30, 1862.

CORPORAL CALVIN BROCK. Enlisted from Bruce, August 14,
1862; appointed Corporal; was sick in hospital much of the time up
to July 20. 1864; returned to the company and did good service
before Atlanta. Was in the subsequent campaigns of the Regiment.
Mustered out .lune 6, 1865.

CORPORAL DANIEL B. DAUGHERTY. Age 21; born in Nich-
olas County, Ky.; farmer; enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862;
promoted Corporal; was in the battle of Hartsville; took part in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, being present at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Taken
sick; discharged for disability November 23, 1863, and died on his
way home. Noted for being a fine marksman and soldier.

CORPORAL LEWIS DIEFFENBACH. Enlisted from Osage,
August 14, 1862; farmer; promoted Corporal; was at Hartsville; dis-
charged for disability December 23, 1863.

CORPORAL WILLIAM HURST. Enlisted from Bruce. August
14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and battles; on the march to the
sea and northward to Bentonville. Promoted Corporal for meritorious
services. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Cleveland, Minn.

CORPORAL AMOS L. MASON. Age 17; born in Clinton County, .
Ohio; farmer; enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; promoted
Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign; the battle of Hartsville;

* THK ONK HINDRED AND FOURTH

iu ihf TullnhoniM and ChickaniuuKu caiupaiRns; at Elk River. Davis.
Cross HouiIk. tilt* battlt*(> of Chtrkamauga. lx>okuut Muuiiialn aud
Kli~ K*' In ihe Atlanta i-anipaiKn vvati prebtMU at liuzz;ii-d

U" a. NfW Ho|M« t'hurih. Kenewiw Mountain, Peach Tre«-

CffK iiK- .sU'K»* of Atlanta. Tiov Cr»*ek. Jonehboro; in the purtsuit
of Hood, the march to the Ht-a, and th«' c-ampaiKn of the Carolinan.
\Voiinde<| at llentonville. March li*. IsOJ. Mustered out June ti, 18G5.
l,»\«'d at Stuart. Smith I'ouniv. Kansas. Died April 3, iS^o.

C'ORI'DKAL CJKtiUt;!-: MrSHHKUc;KU. Enlisted from Bruce
August l-i. IhOl'; was in the Kentuiky campaign; in the Tullahuina
and Chickamauga campaigns and battles. Was at lx>okout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and its battles. Was
wounded July Jl. 1S64. in the right shoulder. He was a brave itoldior.
Promoted Corporal for meritorious services. Mustered out June
6, IStia.

CORPORAI. SAMIEL M. ZELIFP. Age 20; born In Rutland.
I.A Salle County; farmer; enlisted August 14. ISOL'; was at HartsviKi-
and wouniled there; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge; promoted Corporal; was in the Atlanta campaign
at Huzzjtrd Roost. Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree Creek,
I'toy Creek. Jonesboro. Was on the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas. Mustered out June ti, 1865. Contracted consumption
in the army an«l died in llrant City. Mo.. August 11. 1SS4. Was
P. M. at time of his death.

CORPORA!. JAMES SPENCER, JR. Enlisted from Uruce
August 14. \s*i'2: appointed Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign
and the battle of Hartsville. where he was killed December 7. istili.

JEREMIAH HOI'I'LE. Musician. Enlisted from liruce August
14. istil'. Transf«Tred to V. R. C. August lit;. 1S04.

CERARD HART. Musician. Enlisted from Bruce August 14,
ls»i2. Mustered out June 12. 1865.

HENRY ACKERMAN. Age 23; born in (lermany; farmer;
enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1S62; was in the Kentucky campaign
and severely wounded at Hartsville. having two ribs cut off. but
re<'OVere«l an«l was in the battles around Kenesaw Mountain. Peach
Tree and Itoy Creeks. Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to the sea. and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June '],
1.S65. Lives at (Irant. Iowa. Is a farmer.

JOSHIA AYERS. Enlisted August 14. 1S62: he was in the
Kentucky campaign; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. (Miickamauga. At Ix>okout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and its
battles. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
northwanis to Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at
Mount Auburn. Iowa.

ISAAC S. .\YERS. Enliste<| from Bruce Atigust 14. 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and a good soldier. Discharged for
•IlKJibility Kebrtiary :,. 1S«;4.

WILLIAM BROWN. Enlisted from Bruce August 14. 1862; was
in th<> Kentucky campaign: in the Tullahoma. (M)lrkamauga and
Atlanta camiMiigns and their battles. l)esldes. was at lookout
Mountain and .Mission Ridge. Was on the march to the sea. and
northwards. Wan never absent. Mustered oat June 6, 1865. Lives
In Sirt>ator. III.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 453

REES BROCK. Enlistod from Bruce August 14. 1802; farmer;
took part in the Kentucky (-ampaisn and in the battle of llartsvillo'
where he was killed December 7, 1862.

EZF:kiEL brown. Enlisted from Newton August 14, 1862; was
in the battle of Hartsville and wounded. Deserted December 26 1862

ABNER W. BUCKNER. Enlisted from Bruce August 14.' 1862.
Was in the Kentucky campaign and wounded at Hartsville. Died
at Camp Chase, Ohio, .January 27, 1863.

WILLIAM BURNS. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign, a good soldier. Discharged for disability
April 27, 1863.

.JOSEPH BARNHART. Enlisted from Fall River August 14
1862. De.serted December 26, 1862.

ROBERT BURTWELL. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at
Streator, 111.

Wn^LIAM COOPER. Age 20; born in Ireland; farmer; enlisted
from Bruce August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and at
Hartsville; also in the battle of Chickamauga, where his hearing
was destroyed by a cannon ball. Transferred to V. R. C. .January
30, 1864. Discharged June 29, 1865. Lives near Streator. Is a farmer.

JOHN COOPER. Age 23; born in Ireland; farmer; enlisted
from Bruce August 14, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; the
TuUahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; present at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Mustered out
July 2, 1865. Lives near Kernan, 111. Is a farmer.

ORRIN CLARK. Age 24; born in New York; farmer; enlisted
from Bruce August 14, 1862; took part in the Kentucky campaign
and the battle of Hartsville. Was in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns, at Elk River, the action of Davis Cross Roads, and the
battle of Chickamauga. In the latter he was wounded in the leg
and captured; sent to prison at Atlanta and Richmond, where he
remained for five months with the bullet unextracted; the rebel
surgeons refusing to operate. Was then exchanged and discharged
for wound, June 15, 1864. The bullet was finally extracted by a
doctor, but Mr. Clark is a cripple for life. Lives at Homer, Mich.

WHvLlAM CADWELL. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862.
Transferred to V. R. C. November 16, 1863.

OLIVER DIEFFENBAUGH. Enlisted from Bruce August 14,
1862; was in the Kentucky .campaign and at Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns and their battles. Was at
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Took part in the Atlanta
campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Was on the
march to the sea and northwards to Bentonville. Always present for
duty. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JOHN K. EWINCx. Enlisted from Magnolia August 14, 1862; was
In the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross
Pi,oads and the battle of Chickamauga, where he was disabled by a
limb, cut off by a cannon ball; was placed on light duty. Mustered
out June 6, 1865. Lives in Iowa.

EDWARD EBERHART. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862;
■was in the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River, Davis Cross

i'M THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

RoadH; the battles of Chic-kainuuRa, Ix>okout Mountain and Mission
KiflKo; in tln« Atlanta cam|>aiKn at Ituzzard Koosl, Kt-sjua, and
K<*ueKaw Mountain. Killed in front of the latter. July 21*. lSb4. His
death was much lamented as he hud endeared himself to all his
c-oni|ianv.

Wlhl.lAM FLANNIGAN. Enlisted from Bruce AurusI H. 1sG2;
was in the Kentucky rampalKn; in the Tullahoma and ChickauuiuKU
cam|*"iRiiH: m K\k River. Davis Cross Roads and the battle or
ChickamnuRa. Was at IxKikout Mountain and Mission Ridne. In
the Atlanta cHmpalKn and its battles. Was in the pursuit of Hood.
on the march to the s«'a and through the Carolinas to Hentonville.
He was a sohlier who knew not the quality of fear. Mustered out
June •;. !>>»;;.. hives at Nevada. 111.

ISAAC W. CiATCHKLL. Ape 24. born in Lincoln County. Me.;
farmer: enlisted from Bruce August H. IhCIi; was in the battle of
Hartsvllle, the actions of Klk River and Davis Cross Roads; in the
battles of Chickamauga. Ixiokout Mountain and Mission Ridpe.
Wounded in the leg in the latter battle. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Buzzani Roost. Resaca. Kenesiiw Mountain. I'each
Tnn- Creek, the siege of Atlanta, I'toy Creek. Jonesboro. Was in
the pursuit of Hooil. on the uKirch to the sea and through the
Carollnas; at Bentonville. Mustered out June G. 1805. l.,ives near
Pontiac. 111. Is a farmer.

JAMKS M. C.ATCUHLL. Enlisted from Bruce August 14. 1862;
was In the Kentucky campaign from Frankfort to Hartsvllle and
the battle there; in the Tullahoma campaign; was at Davis Cross
Roads; in the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain an<l Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca.
Kenesaw .Mountain and Beach Tree Creek. Was badly woundt'd
in right hip July 2\. 1S(J4. while on the skirmish line before Atlanta,
and suppose*! to be mortally wounded; was sent to Nashville and
from there to other hospitals; finally discharged for wound. March
4. IS*;.'.. Lives near Marsellb'S. 111. Is a farmer.

SAMI'KL (lUKKN. Age 32: born In Hngland; farnier: enlisted
from BriK-e August 7, 1S«;2: was In the Kentucky campaign and
the battle of Hartsvllle. where he was wounded In the ankle.
Discharged April 27, IKGH. for disability.

WILLIAM COTTMAN. Knilsted fiom Bruce August 14. lst;2:
was In the Kentucky campaign, also in the Chickamauga cam|)aign.
Was at lx)okout Mountain and wounded in the leg at Mission Ridge.
Mustered out June ;». ls<;.'>.

CIIRISTOI'HKR HARBIT. Knilsted from Bruce August 14. 1862;
descried l)4'<'embc'r 2»'.. lst'>2.

HICNRY C. HA.MILTON. Knilsted from Bruce August 14. 18G2;
was in iIk' Kentuoky campaign. Died in Chb-ago, April 2:t, I8t>:).

WILLI A.M HK.\D. Age 21; born In Newark. Ohio; farmer;
enlisted from Bru<e August 14. lNr>2: was in the Kentticky campaign
and the battle «»f Hartsvllle. Discharged DecemlM'r 2:i. I8r(2. for
disability. Lives at Bedford, Iowa. In the Insurance business.

JOHN HOLLAND. Knilsted from Bru<e August 14. 18t;2; was
In nil the battles and campaigns of the Regiment. Mustered out
June fi, isr,:,.

JOHN HARBIT. Knilsted from Biuce August 14. 18G2; was in
the Kentucky campaign. Discharged March 2U. 1863. for disability.

, REGIMENT ILLTNOIS VOLUNTEERS. 459

TT^RK HILL. Age 21; born in Stavanger, Norway; farmer;
enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville;
in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis
Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta camjiaign was at Buzzard Roost,
Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta,
Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march
to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonvillo. Mustered out
June 6, 18G5. Died .June 12, 1894, at Otter Creek, his home.

ASBURY HOUCHIN. Enlisted from Bruce August 11, 1862; was
in Ihe Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and
the battle of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta campaign and its battles,
on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Was a good
soldier. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

LEVI HAINE. Enlisted from Grand Rapids August 11, 1862;
deserted January 1, 1863.

WILLIAM JEFFERSON. Enlisted from Bruce' August 14, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was present at Buzzard Roost, of
Rocky Face, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, and Peach Tree Creek. On
July 21, 1864. w'hile on the skirmish line in front of Atlanta, was
killed by a rebel sharpshooter.

HENRY KEYES. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; was in
the Kentucky campaign. Discharged May 5, 1863.

JOHN P. JOHNSON. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign. In the Tullahoma campaign and that of
Chickamauga; also at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In
the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church,
Kenesaw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. Wounded at Utoy Creek
August 8, 1864. Absent at muster out of Regiment.

ERNST KEISER. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; he took
part in the campaigns of the Regiment. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

SAMUEL A. KINER. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; was
in some of the campaigns and was a prisoner of war for a long time.
Mustered out May 30, 1865. Lives at Otter, 111.

JOSEPH P. KELLY. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862;
detailed at Savannah in the Q. M. Department. Mustered out June
6, 1865.

ALONZO L. LARKIN. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862;
•was in the battle of Hartsville. Discharged February 1, 1863, for
disability.

JOHN W. LAUGHLIN. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville, the Tullahoma campaign and the
battles of Davis Cross Roads and Chickamauga. Was mortally
wounded in the latter and died September 29, 1863, in the rebel field
hospital.

OLIVER LARSON. Enlisted from Bruce August 14, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Died some
years ago at Pontiac, 111.

JOHN M'DOUGALL. Born in Scotland; enlisted from Bruce
August 14, 1862; was in the march through Kentucky and the battle
of Hartsville, w^here he was killed December 7, 1862. A man of
extraordinary intelligence and had the courage of his convictions.

4M THK uNK HUNDRED AND FOURTH

JOHN MOUKISON. EnllBtfcl from Hruce AuRUst 14. 1S«2. was In
Ihr KfiitiuKv t-aiupaiKn. UiKchtirKi'U Ft'bruary 1, 1S03. for ilisabllity.

(;i:ol(OK \V. MACKKY. Kullsli-d from Hruco Augusl 14. 1S(;2;
•VkHH ill ilu* Ki'iiluoky i-iimpaiKii. Discharged April L'7. 1S(>3, for
(llHabililx

CHAIILKS MACKKY. EnllKli-d from Hruoo AiigUBt 14. 1802;
•wiiH III tlif Koiiiiirky tamimlKU and bat(l«> of HarlKvillc; in the
Tiillahuma. ChlikaiiiutiKa and Atlanta i-ainpalKiiB. on th*' inarch to
the m-H and through the CaroliiuiH to Hentonvllle. Mustered out
June ti, ls»*.."i.

EDWARD MrCASHLAND. Age 25: born In Wayne County.
Indiana: was in the battles of C'hickaniaiiga. lookout Mountain and
MIksIoii HIdKe. In the Atlanta eainpaiKii was present at Miizzard
Hoost. Uesaca. K'-iiesaw Mountain. Peach Tri'e Creek. I'toy Creek.
Joiichboro. in jMirsuit of Hood, on thi- march to the sea and through
tlie Carolinas: at n<'ntonvHle. Mustered out June G, 18G5. Lives at
Sutton. Neb. Is a farmer.

SAMIEl. MrCASHLAND. Enlisted from Bruce August 14. 1R62;
>vas at Hartsville: in the Tiillahonia and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk Ulver. Davis Cross lloa«ls. an«l the battle of Chickamauga.
At lxx)kout Mountain ami Mission Uidge. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Hu/zainl Roost. Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain and IVach
Tre«« Cni'k. Was mortally wounded July 21st. before Atlanta, and
died June 2y. IMU.

JOHN C. PRESSOR. Age 20; born In rennsylvania; farmer:
-enlisted from Hruce. August 14. 18(12: was in the Chickamauga
campaign: at Davis Cross Roads: the battles of Chickamauga.
lxM)kont Mountain and Mission Ridge. In th*> Atlanta campaign was
at Ihrzzard Roost. Resaca. Kenesjiw Mountain, the siege of Atlanta.
T'toy Creek. Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march
to the sea and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June (i, IStl.").
IJves near Streator. III. Is a farmer.

RORERT POOL. Enlisted from Hruce. August 14. 18t;2: was in
the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville: in the Tullalioma.
Chlckamaug:i and Atlanta campaigns and battles. Was in the pursuit
of Homl, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to
llentonville. A brave soldier. Mustered out June G, 1SG5. Lives at
Otter. III.

(JEORCH-: C. PRESSOR. Enlisted from Hruce August. 14. 1SG2:
•was in the Kentucky campaign and at Hartsville; in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, and
the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout .Mountain and Mission Ridge.
In the Atlanta <-ampaign and battles. Was in the |>ursuit of Hood,
on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to IientonvilU>.
Not now alive. Musi«'red out June G. ISG.'i.

SAMCEL ROHERTS. Enlisted from Hruce. August 14. 18G2: was
In all the campaigns and battles and a good soldier. Mustered out

June •;, ISG.'i.

NICHOLAS RISH. Age IS; born In Switzerland: farmer;
enlisted from Hruce. August 14. 1KG2: was In the battle of Hartsville.
Dlscliarg'-d January G. IKG.'i. for disability.

THOMAS RYERSON. Enlisted from Hruce, August 14. lSfi2:
was in the Keniiuky campaign and wounded in the riglit hip by a
lih'if of shell at Hartsville. Discharged for wound April 27, 1863,

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 457

DAVID RHODAHOFFER. Enlisted from Bruce, August 14.
1862; he was in all the campaigns and battles of the Regiment and
always ready for duty. Mustered out June (!, 1865.

SQUIRE RUDE. Age*J.5: born in Illinois; enlisted from Bruce.
August 14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
Hartsville; also in the Tullahoma campaign at Elk River; in the
battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge.
Taken sick and left at Graysville, Ga. Discharged for disability
March 7, 1865. Lives at Pekin, 111.

WARREN ROCKWOOD. Enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and others until taken sick.
Discharged February 15, 1865, for disability.

THOMAS THOMPSON. Enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville and wounded, the ball entering left
shoulder and coming out at right. Discharged for wound January
17, 1863.

SAMUEL N. TRENARY. Enlisted from Bruce. August 14, 1862;
was in the Kentiicky campaign and the battle of Hartsville, where
he wos slightly wounded; took part in the Tullahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns. Was in the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross
Roads; in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge; was mortally wounded in the latter battle and died
at Chf<ttanooga, December 5, 1863.

JAMES H. WILKINSON. Enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Transferred to V. R. C, April
30, 1864.

WILLIAM WOODBERRY. Enlisted from Bruce, August 14, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville, where
he was killed, December 7, 1862. A good man and soldier.

STATISTICS OF COMPANY F.

Total enlistment 88

Killed and mortally wounded 10

Wounded 23

Discharged for wounds 4

Discharged for disability 19

Died of disease 4

R( 'Signed 2

Discharged for promotion 1

Mustered out June 6, 1865 32

Musrtered out at other dates 5

Absent, wounded, at muster out 1

T)eserted • 5

Transferred to V. R. C 4

Known to be living (December, 1894) 26

(•|i.\rri:i: \.\.\.

Company CJ — H«>\v an. I Where OrKanlxed — Roster and liiugra-
phieH— Stuti8(l< •

SKKit'H OF COMPANY C.

riii> liiif roiiijijiiiy was r«Mi-uitrtl lar^t'l\ in ilu*
t«t\\ iislii|» uf .Missidii, La Salle (tuimy, hut rtuiiaiiKMl
rcjtii's«'iiiali\»'s fiiMii Kfinlall i'minty aii<l from srvi'ial
(itlHT towns iM'sitlcs Mission. .lolmsoii MisinT, of
Mission, was tin* active inanapT in raising; men.
LiiMitenanl Siin|tson ami others were also a<tive, so that
by Auirnst !."», IstiL', tin* ranks weiv full ami tht* orjrani-
zation was ••ITerted at ome. .lohnson Mi'sner was
eh*(te«l ('ai»tain; Kohert \'. Simjtson, First LicutiMiant ;
Bainnel .1. Ilaney, ScmmuuI Lieutenant; Sclim White
was a|t|»oinie<l First Ser::eaiii; Myron Newton, John
.larkson. ( M'or;:e 11. Marlatt and Wesley Misner, Ser-
;:eants. Asher D. <iil>son, William ("lose, Samuel H.
Forter, .lohn Tliorson, Amos K. F.row ii, ( 'liarles B. ( 'ook,
John lUackhurn ami Samuel li. Huchanan. ('oriH»rals.

These |ii-elimiMaries ((uupleted the company went
into ram|i at niiaw a, lieeame a part of the One Ihnnlretl
au<l Fourth, ami rereixcd the desiy^nation of "«;."
While in ('amp Walhue the company drilled, oi-
attempted lo, daily, ami weiii through (he usual
experience «»f «;reen recruits in t he lirst days of military
life, hut the material for ;:ood .sohli»Ms was there ami
some of the stalwart youn;; sons of the ]>rairies made
a record that is ami will he leiuemhered ami a<lmired
when \anderl»ilt and (Jould shall he foro;oiten. On
arriving' ai Louisville, Ky., < '<unpany <1 marclu-d with
the Ke;,Mment after llra;^'^ to I'rankfort, and ••n his
ret reat went i<» How liii^' < Ireen and from t here to llarts-
ville, Tenn. < Mi that disastrous hut Idoody liehl. only
one half of the company was present in the battle, the
other one half, umhM* ( 'a plain Misner, bein;;on detached
dutv ai Cfallatin. Tenn. Lieutenant Simpson, who had

p. A. Mawk. Co. G
M, Bagwiil, Co, G.
W. M. Jones. Co. G.

Serg. G. H. Marlatt, Co. G.
Corp. J. J. Overmire. Co G.
H Campbell, Co. G.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 459

seen service, toiiiniaiided the ivmiiaiit of tin- (.•(uni)any
and all the men fought with the steadiness and bra very
of veterans. The heavy loss in killed and wounded, ili
lirojKution to numbers, tells its own story. The
(•om]»any afterward ouarded prisoners at Camj)
Douolas until April, 180:]. While there Lieutenant
Simpson resigned April 4, 1863. He was a good olticcr.
Lieutenant Ilaney also resigned March 8, I8r.;{. Ser-
geant White and James P. Rood were prouioted aiul
commissioned First and Second Lieutenants. In April,
1863, the Regiment was sent again to the front and
Company G shared thencefortli in its fortunes in over
two years of long campaigns and fierce battles in
Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, North and South
Carcdina. After the Tullahoma campaign, during
which Captain Misner led the Company, ii hall w;is
made at Decherd, Tenn., and there Captain Misuer,
owing to poor health, resigned, July 22, 1863.
Lieutenant White then became Captain and James P.
Rood First Lieutenant. These officers led the company
from that time Avith skill and credit, but it is no
disparagement to them, and the same would api»ly to
every other company, to say that however brave,
competent, and skillful they were, the ranks of
Company G contained other men who would also have
filled a commissioned office with credit. It was this
quality of material that made the One Hundred and
Fourth renowned as a fighting regiment and added
to the proud record of each company'.

ROSTER OF THE COMPANY.

CAPTAIN JOHNSON MISNER. Enlisted from Mission in
August, 1862; was prominent in raising men and on the organization
of the company was elected Captain. He took part in the Kentucky
campaign and marched to Hartsville, but with a number of otiier
oflRcers and men, was sent to Gallatin to guard trains a few dayu
before the battle. On the return of the Regiment to Tennessee in
18fi3, Captain Misner commanded his Company in the Tullahoma
campaign and was undpr fire at Elk River. Owing to age and poor
health he resigned at Decherd, July 22, 1863; returned home and
afterwards removed to Texas for his health. He died several
years ago.

CAPTAIN SELIM WHITE. Age 33; born in Tioga, N. Y.;
farmer; enlisted from Mission, August 14, 1862; appointed First

4*0 ' THE ONE HL'NDRKD AND FOl'RTH

S»-r.'. .>>! MMil prfHoiit In ihf halllr of llartsvillp. I'loniotetl Firni
I April 3, 1K«]3: took part In tho Ttillalioiiia raiupaiKii:

w I l{lv«>r and llu" action of Davis CroKS Uoads; in ll»e battles

of i'hirknniauKa. I^Htkout Mountain and Mission UidKC In th<-
Atlanta ranipaign he, as Captain, having been (-onimlKslonod July
22. 1K»".3. Ifd hlK (_'oni|mny at liuzzard Itoost. lieKiica. New Hop»>
Churt-h. the tuittleH around K^nesaw Mountain. I'earh Tree Crt'eU.
I'loy Creek. Joneslioro. He was in the purKuit of Hood, on the marcli
to the H<'a and through the CarolinaH to Itentonville. Mustered out
Juiie »>. ISC. Is a farmer at Castaiia. Dakota.

FHtST I.IKITKNANT UOHKKT V. SIMPSON. Knllhted from
Ottawa in August. 1SG2; had been in the three months' service; wa*4
ele<ted First Lieuten.int. and mar.hed with the company through
Kentucky to Hartsville. where he comnutndetl on that o<'ca8lon with
credit. KeslRned at Camp Douglas. April -1. ls«i:i. for disability.
H<»ildence unknown.

FHIST LIKl'TKNANT JAMKS V. ROOD. Knllsted from
Mission as a private. August I'l. 1802; was in the battle of Harlsville;
ap|)olnted and <-ommissioned Second Lieutenant Man-h 3, 1m;.!; was
in the Tullahoma campaign and at Klk River. Commlssionecl First
Lieutenant July 22. IhO:!; took part in th" action of Davis Cross Road.><,
the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge.
In the Atlanta campaign was prcsi-nt at Buzzard Roost. Rewica. New
Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks.
Jninsl)oro. He iwrformed valuable service on tlie skirmish linos
around Atlanta. He was also in the pursuit of Hoo<l. on the march
to the sea and through the Carolinas to Hentonville. where h<- con;-
niiiiiiied on the skirmish line. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Residence.
Moscow. Idaho.

SKCOND LlKl'TKNANT SAMI'EL J. HANEV. Etilisted from
Iji Salle in .\ugust. 1SG2; elected Se<on<l Lieutenant and was wiih tl»e
Regiment in Kentucky and at Hartsville. Resigned .March 8. 18»">;{.
nn«l was afterward Captain in the Fifty-third Illinois; died of
wounds. Jiilv 21. ixr.l.

SERC.KANT MVRON NEWTON. Enlisted from Ottawa. August
9. ISt'.L': apointed Sergeant. Was in the Kentucky campaign and the
battle of Hartsville. where he was kille«l. December 7. \M2.

SEIKJEANT JOHN JACKSON. Enlisted from Mission. August
14. lsr,2. Discharged ()<tober 1. lSi;2. for disability.

SERC;EANT C.EORC.E H. MARLATT. Enliste.l from C.rand
Rapids, Atigust 9. l.st'ii'; appointed Sergeant: was in the Kentucky
campaign; in the Tullahoma and Chickiimauga campaigns; at Elk
River. Davis Cross Roads, ami the battle of Chirkamauga. In the
batlb'H of lyookout .Mountain and .Mission Ridge. In the .\tlanta
ramp.'ilgn at Kuzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hope Church. Kenesaw
Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was in the
pursuit of Hood, on the man'h to the sea and through the Carolinas
to Itentonvllle. Mustered out June 6, 1865. He was a brave soldiet.
Is not known to be alive.

SERCEANT WESLEV .MISNER. Enlisted from Mission. Au-
Ku«t 14 1K«",i»; a|)|Kilnted Sergeant; was in the Kentucky «-ampaign
i: • Iv wounded in the thigh at Hartsville. Took pari In the

( iga campaign ami was in the Atlanta campaign at I)uc-

T-iir'i itouMi, Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain. Pea«-h Tree and I'toy Creeks.
Jonesboro. Was In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea. and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. • 4C1

at Bentonville was wounded in the head; was promoted Fir^t
Sergeant, and one who never had any trouble with his men. Mustered
out June H, 186.5. Died some vears ago in Texas.

SERGEANT WILLIAM CLOSE. Age 38; horn in Union Uountj,
Pa.; carpenter; enlisted from Millington, Augiist S, 1862; apijointed
Corporal: was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville;
promoted Sergeant; was in the Tullahoma campaign until taken sick
and sent to Nashville. Transferred to Invalid Corps, November 15,
1863. Discharged from the Veteran Reserve Corps, July 5, 1865.
Lives at Sandwich, 111.

SERCxEANT JOHN THORSON. Born in Norway. Enlisted from
Ottawa, August 14, 1862; appointed Corporal; was in the Kentucky
campaign and the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaign;
at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; in the battles of Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; promoted Sergeant for merito-
rious services. In the Atlanta campaign he was present at Buzzard
Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, the battles around Kenesaw Moun-
tain. Killed at Poach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864. He was a brave sol-
dier and could divide rations with exact justice to all, besides per-
forming his other duties with satisfaction.

SERGEANT CHARLES B. COOK. Age 25; born in Maine;
farmer; enlisted from Millington, August 8, 1862; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where he was wounded
slightly. Promoted Corporal April 10. 1863; was in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the
battle of Chickamauga. In the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mis-
sion Ridge and the skirmishes following. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church. Kenesaw
Mountain. Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Slightly wounded
at Mission Ridge, Kenesaw and Chickamauga. After the fall of
Atlanta was furloughed home, and unable to rejoin Sherman, was
put in charge of a detachment and sent to Washington, where he
rejoined the Regiment. Mustered out as Sergeant for meritorious
services, June 6. 1865. Now lives at Los Angeles, Cal. Is in poor
health.

SERGEANT JOHN RUBLE. Age 37; born in Indiana; farmer;
enlisted from Newark, August 1, 1862; was in the battle of Harts-
ville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River.
Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost.
Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and
Utoy Creeks. August 7 and 13; on the latter date, while carrying
the flag, was severely wounded in the neck and sent back to hos-
pital at Nashville. Recovering he returned to Chattanooga; finally
ordered to take charge of baggage and report at Washington. Pro-
moted Sergeant and made color bearer for meritorious services, and
now has the order in his possession. Mustered out June 6, 1865.
Lives at Mitchell, S. D. Is a farmer and nearly blind.

SERGEANT JAMES L. ROWE. Age 28; born in Ohio; farmer;
first served in Company H, Eleventh Illinois Infantry, for three
months. Discharged July 30, 1861; enlisted in One Hundred and
Fourth August 15. 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville, and in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Promoted Sergeant for mer-
itorious services. In the Atlanta campaign was present at Buzzard

4a THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Roost. Re«aca. New Hoi>e Church. Keneeaw Mountain. Peach Tree
and I'toy C'reeku. JoneHboro. \Va» in the pursuit of Hood and on the
march to the nea and through tin* Carolinas; at Hentonville. Mus-
terfd out June 6. \st\L. Janieb 1.. Howe was alwavB cool in battle and
would never run. Now lives at Sheridan. 111., and a coiiKtant HUlTerer
from diueajM* contracteil in the carnjN.

(X)RIHJHAL ASHKK I). CIHSON. KnliKted from Mission, Au-
Kust 15. 1802; promoted Quartermaiiter Sergeant, and wrved ably
until mustered out June 14, 1865. Lives In California. See N. C.
Staflr.

CORPORAL SAMIKL B. PORTKR. Age 2S: born in Ohio;
farmer; enlisted from Mission. August 14. 18G2; ap|>ointed Corponil;
was In the battle of llartsville and wounded in the arm. Was in
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Klk River. Davis
Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga. Ix>okout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was at Huzzard Roost,
Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboio.
Was in the pursuit of Hooil. on the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas; Hentonville. Mustered out June G, 1865. Lives near
Great Falls. Mont. Is a farmer.

CORPORAL AMOS E. UROWN. Enlisted from Mission. August
10. 1862; appointed Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign. Dis-
charged May 11. 1K6.5. for tllsablllty.

CORPORAL JOHN IILACKHIRN. Age 40; born In Pennsyl-
vania; farmer; enlisted from Kail River. August 14. 1862; appointed
Corporal; was at llartsville. Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. Chicka-
mauga. lx)okout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign; the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Mustered
out June 6, l,v6.'.. Lives at Dorchester, Neb.

CORPORAL CORNELllS C. COURTRIGHT. Age 17; born In
Newark, Kendall County, III.: farmer; enlisted August 9, 1S62; was in
the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns: at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads;
the battles of Chickanuiuga, Lookout .Mountain and Mission Ridge;
was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Moun-
tain. Pea<h Tree an«l Ctoy Creeks. Jonesl)oro. Was In the |>un>ult
of Hood, the nuirch to the sea an<l through the Carolinas; Benton-
vllle. .Mustered out as Corporal for meritorious services, June 6,
1865. Lives at N«'wark. Is a farmer.

CORPORAL JACOB V. DIEHL. Age 19; Ijprn in Ohio; enlisted
from Farm Ridge, July 25, 1862: farmer; was in the battle of Harts-
ville; In the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads, the battles
of Chickamauga, lx)okout .Mountain and Mission Ridg(>. Promoted
Corporal for meritorious services. Was at Resjua and Peach Tree
Creek; In the pursuit of Hoo<l, on th«' man-h to the sea and through
the Carolinas: at B4>ntonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives
at Nelwjn. Neb. Is a farmer.

CORPORAL JAMES C. DEEC.AN. Age 16; born In New York;
fartner; enlisted August 14. lsr.2, froni Ottawa; was in the battle
of Hartsville and wounded in the shoulder. In the Tullahoma and
(Milckamauga campaigns: at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, and the
battle of Chickamauga, l.(K>kout .Mountain and Mission Rl<lgc In
the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost, the battles around
ReHaca, New Ho|M' Church, the battles around K<'nesaw Mountain;
Peach Tree CrtM^k. the siege of Atlanta. Ctoy Creek. Jonesboro. Was

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, 463

in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas; at Bentonville. Promoted Corporal for meritorious
services. Mustered out June «, 1865. He never missed a skirmish or
battle. Lives at Hansom, 111. Is a farmer.

CORPORAL GEORGE T. LEWIS. Enlisted from Ottawa, Au-
gust 15, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; promoted Corporal.
Discharged for disability August 11, 1863.

CORPORAL DANIEL MASON. Enlisted from Mission, August
15, 1862; farmer; was in the battle of Hartsville, the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, the
battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; pro-
moted Corporal for meritorious services. In the Atlanta campaign
was at Buzzard Roost and Resaca. Wounded seriously iu the latter
battle, losing a leg in consequence. Discharged January 6, 1865, on
account of wound. Lives at Ottawa, 111.

CORPORAL JACOB J. OVERMIRE. Age 20; born in Perry
County, Ohio; farmer; enlisted August 12, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk
River, Davis Cross Roads, and at Chickamauga wounded in the arm.
Was at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Moun-
tain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. W^as in the pursuit of
Hood, on the march to the sea, and thiough the Carolinas; at Ben-
tonville. Promoted Corporal for meritorious services February 1,
1865. Always to be depended on in a tight place. Mustered out
June 6, 1865. Lives at Templeton, la.

CORPORAL JAMES POWERS. Enlisted from Ottawa, August
15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville;
in the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads. Was at Chicka-
mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign and its battles, on the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas to Bentonville. Promoted Corporal for meritorious serv-
ices. Always on hand. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

WILLIAM J. PORTER. Age 23; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from Fall River, August 14, 1862, as musician; was at Hartsville; in
the Tullahoma, Chickamauga and Atlanta campaigns. On the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June 6,
1865. Lived at Marseilles, 111., until his death, January 19, 1893. He
was highly regarded.

SAMUEL FULLERTON. Enlisted from Grand Rapids, August
14, 1862; was wagoner. Discharged April 6, 1864, for disability.

SAMUEL B. BUCHANAN. Enlisted from Farm Ridge, August
14, 1862; deserted January 1, 1863.

JOHN BAILEY. Enlisted from Mission, August 15, 1862; wa^ in
the Kentucky campaign and severely wounded in the thigh in the
battle of Hartsville. Discharged May 4, 1863, on account of wounds.
Lives in Ottawa, 111.

EDWARD S. BULLARD. Age 26; born in Kendall County, 111.;
farmer: enlisted from Mission, August 15, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville and the Tullahoma campaign. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
Lives at Millbrook, 111. Is a farmer.

MARSHALL BAGWILL. Age 20; born in Mission, La Salle
County; farmer; enlisted August 7, 1862; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville; the Tullahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns; present at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; wounded

4«l THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

silghtly at Chirkuninusa, but not eiiouKh to prevent his fighting oa
Iht* lyth. I'oth and 2lBt. duriiiK whirh he fired ICS shotn at the enemy.
\Va« tn the Imttle of I»okoui Mountain and MiBislon Rid»;^. and
wounded twlrt* quite heverely iit the laHt in tlie Ki'und (haiKe up the
heights. In the Atlanta canii'iiiKU lie wan present at liuzzard HouKt,
of Ko«-ky Fat-e. Uesaca. New Ho|)e Chureh. the battles around Kene-
8aw Mountain. Peat-h TTee and Itoy C'reeitB, Jonesboro; was in the
pursuit of Hood, on tiie march to the sea ami through the Carolinas;
at lU'ntonville. He saw it all and never flinched. Mustered out
June Ti, iH&'i. Lives at Millington. Isafaimer. See "Incidents."

JOHN HAKK. Kniisted from Mission. August 15, 1862. Trans-
ferred to 1. (*., Novfinber 1. lS«i3.

ALHKUT F. lUtOWN. Kniisted from Ottawa, July 26. 18G2; wa«
in the Keiituclty campaign. Discharged for dlwibility May 11, 1S63.

AHKL W. UA.MIMIKLL. Knliste<l from Fall Kiver. August 14.
1862: was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In
the Tullahonia campaign at Flk Kiver and Davis Cross Koads.
Killed in the battle of Chickamauga. September 2U. 1863.

HAMILTON CAMFHKLL. Age 19; born in Fayette County, Pa.
Enli8te<i from Fall Kiver, .\ugust H, 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville. the actions of Klk River and Davis Cross Roads, the
battles of Chickamauga. I^ookout .Mountain and Mission Ridge. In
the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hope
Church. Kenesaw Mountain and Jonesboro. After that was teamster
an«l in all the campaigns until close of the war. Mustered out June
6. ls«;,'i. Llxes at .\nlta. la Is a farmer.

JOHN COX. Kniisted from Mission, August H. 1S62; marched
with the Regiment to Frankfort, Ky.; taken sick and died there, Oc-
tober 28, 1862. His was the first death in the One Hundred and
Fourth.

JAMK.S C. CARNF:s. Age 21; born in I^ Salle County; farmer;
enlisted from Farm Ridge, August 14. 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville; at the actions of Klk River and Davis Cross Roads; in
the battles of Chickamauga. Ix)okout .Mountain and Mission Ridge.
In the Atlanta campaign was present at liuzzard Roost. Resaca, New
HoiK' Church. Kenesiiw Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks,
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through South Carolina. Captured with Captain Ross at Stroud's
.Mill. S. ('.. February 26. Is6.".. Kxchanged. mustered out June 6,
1865. Lives at .Mitchell. S. D. Is a farmer.

HIGH A. DC.M.MIT. Kniisted from Farm Ridge, August 15.
1862: was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville,
where he was killed. December 7. 1862.

JACOH DKFFKNHACC.H. Kniisted from Farm Ridge. August
14. 1S62: was in the battle of Hartsville. the actions of Klk River
and Davis t'ross Roads; the battles of (Miickamauga, Lookout .Moun-
tain and .Mission Ki<lf;e. In the .\tlan(a camiialgn was at Kuzzard
Roost Received a mortal wound at Resaca. .May 14. 1864. Died May
23, 1H64

PKTKR DINCtF:R. Age IT; Iwrn In New York City; confectioner;
enllstiMl from Ottawa. August 14. 1862; was in the battle of Harls-
vllle. at Klk River and Davis Cross Roads; the Italtles of IxK^kout
.Mountain and .Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign at
Kuzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hoi>e Church. Kenesaw Mountain,
peach TrtM' and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLCNTEERS. 465

the march to the sea and through North and South Carolina. While
on a foraging expedition near the Great Pedee River, N. C, was
captured with others, the rest were shot. Dinger's life was saved
by a rebel officer. After sixty days in Libby, he was exchanged and
mustered out May 24, I860. Lives at Oilman, 111. See "Incidents "

ABRAHAM J. EASTWOOD. Age 23; born in Mission, La Salle
County, 111.; farmer; enlisted from Mission, August 14, 18G2; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In the Tulla-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads
and Chickamauga. In the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. Discharged for disability January 30, 1864. Lives at
Streator, 111.

BRADLJfY FROST. Enlisted from Farm Ridge, August 14. 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Discharged
for disability January 16, 1863.

BENJAMIN S. FULLERTON. Enlisted from Grand Rapids,
August 15, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of
Hartsville, where he was killed December 7. 1862.

ORSENUS B. GILLHAM. Age 21; born in Madison County, 111.;
was in the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River and Davis
Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was at Buzzard Roost,
Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and
Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Afterwards captured by Wheeler's Cavalry
and sent to Libby Prison; exchanged; mustered out May 24, 1865.
Lives at Hubbard, la. Is a farmer.

SAMUEL B. HANEY. Enlisted from Grand Rapids, August
14, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville.
Discharged for disability January 16, 1863; was highly regarded by
his Company.

OLIVER HARRIS. Enlisted from Farm Ridge, August 14, 1862.
Deserted March 15. 1863.

PHILIP A. HAWK. Age 18; born in Brown County, Ohio;
farmer; enlisted from Farm Ridge, August 2, 1862; was in the TuUa-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads,
the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge.
Wounded at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. in the face and both
legs, but was able to limp back to Rossville and from there to
Chattanooga. He recovered soon and went on duty. In the Atlanta
campaign was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, New Hope Church, Kene-
saw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks; was slightly wounded
July 26, in front of Atlanta, and again slightly August 9, at Utoy
Creek; was at Jonesboro. Was sent back to Nashville for horses and
mules when Hood advanced, rejoined the Regiment at Kingston and
was on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. He was
one who never wanted to be left. Severely wounded at Bentonville,
March 19, 1865, in the thigh, and sent to hospital. Was the last one
of the Regiment wounded there. Mustered out May 26, 1865. Lives
at Mankato, Jewell County. Kan. Is a farmer. See "Incidents."

MARTIN HESS. Enlisted from Ottawa, August 15, 1862; de-
serted January 20, 1863.

WILLIAM M. JONES. Age 16; born in Pennsylvania; farmer;
enlisted from Ottawa, August 8, 1862; was at Hartsville and in the
Tullahoma campaign. Participated in the actions of Elk River and
Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain

4M THE ONK Hr.\DHKI» AND FOl'ItTH

aii«l MiiiKloii Kidge. In the latter was Khot in left arm, which was
aniiititatetl. Discharged for wound. July 7, 1804. Lives at Grand
Kidge. 111.

JACOB JONKS. Knllsted from Farm Hidge. AugUHl 14. lSti2.
Dewrted January 1. lSt>3.

HKNUY JACOB. EnllBted from Mission. August 14, 1862: was
In the Kentucky. Tullahoma, (Miiekamauga and Atlanta caniimignb
and battles, and on the niareh lu the t>ea and northwards. A good
soldier. Mustered out June iS. lsr."».

JOHN COON. Knlisted from Ottawa. August 14. \M2: was in the
battle of llartHville and Tullahoma campaign. Discharged D<'ceml>er
3. lst;:{. for disability.

JOSKl'H H. LATHAM. Knlisted from Mission. August 14. lS«iJ;
was in the Kentucky campaign; left sick in Chicago. Was in the
Atlanta campaign. Mustere*! out June »;, 1X0.'». Lives in Oregon.

OSMAN LAUSON. Enlisted fronj Mission. August 14. 18«L'; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Harlsville. where he was
killed. I)«*ci-mber 7. I8t;2.

JOHN LOND. Enlisted from Mission. August 14. 1862; dis-
charged for disjibility October 1. lSt;2.

OLI\KK LAWKLNCi:. Enlisted from Ottawa. August 1.'.. ISOJ;
was in the battle of llartsville and in the subsequent campaigns;
wounded at I'toy Creek. August 7. 1S64. in the breast. Carried a
heavy kna|)Siick. but kept up with the procession; was in all the
battles. Mustered out June li. 186.'..

CHARLES McCLARY. Age 24; born in La Salle County; farmer:
enlisted from Mission. August 15. 1862; was at Hartsville; In the
Tullahoma and Chickamaupa campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cros.s
Roads. Chlckamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In
the Atlanta campaign at Muzzard Roost. Flesaca. Kenesaw Mountain.
Peach Tree Cre«'k. Sent bai k si«k. Rejoined {{egiment in Savannah
an<l was In the Carolina campaign. Mustered out June 6. 1865. Lives
at Dwight. 111. Is a farmer.

WILLIA.M MKINNELL. Enlisted from Ottawa. August S. 1S62;
was at Hartsville. Was a prisoner also. Mustered out May 24, I86r>.

JEl'THA H. MISNER. Enlisted from Mission. August 12. 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville. Discharged for (Hsability January
16. 186.1.

JOHN H. MISNER. Enlisted from Mission. August 12. 1862.
Mustered out June f,. 1S6.".. Lives at Coal City. III.

PETER MOLITAIRE. Enlisted from Mission. August 11. 1862.
Deserted January 2o. LS63.

JAMES NEW.MAN. Enlisted from Ottawa. August If.. 1862. De-
serted January 1. 1S68.

JACOB NELSt)N. Enliste<l from Mission. August Ifi. 1862; was
In the Kentucky <ampaign and the battle of Hartsville. where his
right arm was broken. Di«'d of wound in Chicago. May 2. 186;J.

ISAAC NEWTON. Enlisted August 14. 1S62: was in the Ken-
tucky campaign as far as Tompklnsville. Ky.. where he was taken
Bick and died November 2t;. 1H62.

CANCTE C .nelson. .\ge 16; born In La Salle County: farmer;
enlisted from Mission. .August 11. 1S62; was thrown from the train
near JefferHonvllb* in < lossing a bridge an<l badly injun-d. but re-
covrei*. ami was In the batll<> of Hartsville and those of tMiicka-
luiiiie.i L«t<ikotit Mountain an<l Mission Ridge. Taken sick, partly as

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 467

the result of injuries and discharged May 30, 1864; has suffered ever
since. Lives at Randall, la. Is a farmer.

ANTHONY OBERST. Enlisted from Mission. August 12. 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and in the battle of Hartsville, where
he was killed December 7, 1862.

FRANK L. POUND. Age 18; born in Wayne Countv. N. Y.; en-
listed August 15, 1862; was- in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and Chickamauga.
Was at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Moun-
tain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. Jonesbore. Was in the pursuit
of Hood, on the march to the sea. and through the Carolinas; at Ben-
tonville. Only missed Hartsville, being sick at the time. Mustered
out June 6, 1865. Lives at Aumsville, Ore. Is a merchant.

JOHN PALMER. Enlisted from Mission. August 15, 1862; was in
the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. where he was killed
December 7, 1862.

JESSE RIDDLE. Enlisted from Ottawa, August 14. 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged for disability. May 11, 1863.

JACOB RITTER. Enlisted from Ottawa, August 14, "l862; was
teamster and always attentive to duty. He was in all the campaigns.
Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JOHN W. ROSMARSON. Enlisted from Mission, August 15,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign; discharged for disabilitv Mav
11. 1863.

ERASMUS ROSMARSON. Enlisted from Mission. August 15,
1862. Marched with the Regiment to Bowling Green, Ky.. where
he was taken sick and died November 13, 1862.

HARVEY A. ROOD. Age 17; born in Mission, La Salle County.
Was with the Regiment until the battle of Bentonville, March 19.
1865. when he was taken prisoner. Exchanged and mustered out,
June 9. 1865. Lives near Seneca. 111. Is a farmer.

ALFRED ROWE. Enlisted from Mission, August 15, 1S62; he
was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged for disabilitv, August
23, 1863.

OLE RICHARDSON. Age 20; born in Mission. La Salle County;
farmer; enlisted August 15, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville. the
actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chicka-
mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign he was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, New Hope Church, the
battles around Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek,
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea
and through the Carolinas. Was never in hospital. Mustered out
June 6. 1865. Lives at Fairmont. Neb. Is a contractor.

JOHN SWANSON. Enlisted from Mission, August 15, 1862.
Discharged for disability October 1, 1862.

ANDREW S. SIBERT. -Enlisted from Grand Rapids, August
11. 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign; in the Tullahoma anu
Chickamauga campaigns, and wounded at Chickamauga. In the
Atlanta campaign and its battles; on the mrch to the sea and through
the 'Carolinas to Bentonville. He was in all the battles. Mustered
out June 6, 1865.

THOMAS STEVENSON. Enlisted from Mission, August 15. 1862.
Deserted March 15, 1863.

4W THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Tl'NlS S. SERSINE. Age 19; born In Fox Township. Kendall
County, III ; fiirnu-r; enlisted from Mission, August 15, 1802; was m
the batti*' of HiirtMX lilt* and was wounded In the ami. He was In
the Tullahunia and ChickaniauKa c-umiialgns; at Elk River and Davis
CroKK Kuads. In the battle of CMiickaniauga he was severely wounded
In the leu. September I'uih, and unable to move was left on the
fleld, which was oecupied by the rebels. There he remained and
Iive<l - HfnujKe as it may seem until the ninth day, and had no
nou • I'xrepl a little hard taek and water. On the ninth day

be . d by one of our ambulanieH under a Hag of truce, taken

to * u.iuauoufja, operated ui)on and Ilnally sent home on a col; lay
in U'd seventeen months; was under lioctor's care for six years and
always suffered afterwards. Lives at Milllngton, III., a striking
example of the cruelty of war and of his own tenacity of life. Absent,
sick, at muster out of Regiment.

EI'HKAI.M SCOTT. Enlisted from Mission, August 15, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and thai of Chickamauga. At Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and
battles, and on the march to the sea and northwards. Mustered
out June »», istj5.

SI.MON SAMPSON. Enlisted from Northville, August 11, 1862;
was company cook and pleased the men in dividing rations and feed-
ing them on the skirmish line at personal risk and occasional loss
of a kettle knocked over by a cannon ball. Mustered out June 6, l!>6o.
Lives at K«'rnan, 111.

JOHN THOMAS. Enlisted from Fall River, August 14, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where he
was mortallv wounded. Died at Gallatin. Tenn., January 13, 1863.

EDWARD H. THORSON. Enlisted from Mission. August 15,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and the Tullahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns. Taken sick and died at Nashville, January 3,
1SC4.

ALONZO A. TICE. Age 18; born in Michigan; farmer; enlisted
from .Marseilles. August 15, 1862; marched to Frankfort. Ky.; taken
sick; sent to Howling Green, Ky. Discharged November 3o, 1862;
disiibillty. Lives at Marseilles, III. Is a machinist.

LEWIS E. TICE. Age 20; born in Michigan; farmer; enlisted
from Marseilles, August 15. 1862; marched to Howling Green, Ky.
Taken sick and left there. Discharged November 30, 1862; dis-
ability. Lives at Marseilles.

LEVI W. TICE. Age 20; born in Michigan; one of twins; en-
listed August 15. 1862; marched to Howling Green; taken sick; dis-
charged November 3o, 1862: died on his way home.

JOHN K. WRIGHT. Enlisted from Fall River, August 15. 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Transferred to L C., November
1. 1S63.

AARON WILKINSON. Enlisted from Ottawa. August 15. 1S62;
was in the battle of Hartsville; <li«Ml at Nashville. March 6. 1863.

WILLIAM WEIDNECHT. Age 23; born In France; farmer; en-
listed from Ottawa. August 15. 1862; was in the battles of Ix>okout
Moimtain and Mission Rl<lge; in the Atlanta campaign he was
prenont at Huzuird Roost. Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain. I'enrh Tn e
Cre««k. I'toy Creek. Jonesboro. Took part in the march to the sen.
through the Carollnas and was at Hentonville. Mtistered out June

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 469

JOHN M. WALKER. Enlisted from Mission, August 15, 1862;
was on the march to Bowling Green and Tompkinsville, Kv.; taken
sick; died at the latter place November 27, 1862.

RECRUITS.

JOHN H. CAMPBELL. Age 18; born in Fayette County, Pa.;
clerk; enlisted from Fall River, January 4, 1864; was in the Atlanta
campaign at Buzzard Roost, the battles around Resaca, New Hope
Church and Kenesaw Mountain; in front of Atlanta, at Peach Tree
Creek, Utoy Creek and Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on
the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville,
where he fired his last shot. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois
Infantry. Mustered out July 12, 1865. Lives in Streator, 111. lu
hardware trade.

THEODORE C. FULLERTON. Enlisted from Fall River, Jan-
uary 4, 1864; was in the Atlanta campaign, at Buzzard Roost,
Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek,
Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to
the sea and through the Carolinas; at Bentonville. Transferred to
Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Was a good shot. Mustered out
July 12, 1865.

JOHN C. GILLHAM. Age 19; born in Madison County, 111.;
farmer; enlisted from Fall River, January 4, 1864; joined the Regi-
ment at Nashville; was in the Atlanta' campaign at Buzzard Roost,
Resaca, New Hope Church, the battles around Kenesaw Mountain,
Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of
Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas; at Ben-
tonville. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Mustered
out July 12, 1865. Lives at Radcliff, la.

GEORGE D. MISNER. Age 30; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted
from Joliet, February 12, 1864; was in the Atlanta campaign and
present at Buzzard Rooftt, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Moun-
tain, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. Was in the pur-
suit of Hood, on the march to the sea and throygh the Carolinas;
was at Bentonville, where he was wounded in the ankle. Trans-
ferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Mustered out July 12,
1865. Lives at Lewis, Kan., and is a merchant.

LARS RICHARDSON. Enlisted from Belvidere, March 2, 1865.
Transferred to Thirtv-fourth Illinois Infantry. Mustered out July
12, 1865.

JOHN RICHARDSON. Enlisted from Flora, March 2, 1865.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Mustered out July
12, 1865. Lives at Ottawa, 111.

4TU THK ONE HU NDRED AND FOURTH

STATISTICS OF COMPANY. G.

lotal fulistmoiu 96

\ii:.,i :iti,| mortally wound<^<) 11

13

• >\ for wounds 4

: .UK<*>1 fur lilsability.. 18

: of »1 iHoiiHe 6

!;• :i;i»e<l for tllsuiblltty 3

I niot*^! Quarti'rmast««r Sergeant 1

' (lilt June C. 1865 30

otji at other dates , 8

-J.. i»-<l to Invalid Corps 3

: iisferretl to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry 5

\ 'lit. sick, at mu8tf-r out 1

I '•-• rted 7

Known to be living (December, 1894) 37

Capt. 0 M. Southwell Co. H.
Corp J S. Work. Co. H.
Capt. L Ludmgton, Co H.

C G. Phil.ps. Co. D.
Corp S Brown, Co H.
Lieut. O. S. Davidson. Co

C11A1»TEK XXXI.

"i-w£ ■

Company H— How and Where Organized— Itoster and Biogra-
phies— Statistics.

SKETCH OF COMPANY H.

This (M)iii]»;niy \v;is i-ccniilcd in tin- cai-lv pari of
Aujiust, lSi't'2, in tlic sout liwcsl part of La Salle ( \nnity,
lai-«;ely iu the township of (>saj;v. Lewis LiuliuiLiton was
the prime mover in jjetting men to enlist. There w as no
difllculty in tillino- the ranks, that section of the ((Minty
beinj;' intensely patri<»lic and fully aroused to the urav-
ity of the Xati(nial crisis. The c(»nipany was oriianize«l
by the election of Lewis Lndiniiton ('a]>tain, Ori-in S.
Davidson First Lieutenant, John X. Wood Second Lieu-
tenant. Oi'rin M. Soutiiwell was api)ointed First Ser-
geant; Austin 11. Fowler, William (\ Keam, I'lancis II.
Stire and James S. Doolittle were appointed vSergeants.
The following were a])i)ointed ('or])orals: Samson 11.
Cunningham, Isaac A'aughn, J(din (L Dillman, Fgbert
S. Dresser, Ira (\ McDonnell, -lames S. ^^'ork, Allen
.Mc<Jill and Renbeu Downey, ^^■itll this organization
the company was marshaled at Ottawa and in the rc^g-
imental roster was designate<l as ''IT." While await-
ing orders at Camp Wallace the time was sjH'nt in drill-
ing and ae(]uiring an elementary knowle<lge of a sol-
dier's life, very elementary, too, was the education
received in the short period, but it was a beginning
in the schocd of the siddier without arms. The acorns
planted there by this and other companies grew into
oaks, destined in their fuller growth to stand unshaken
the storm of battle, with now and then a giant slain
or riven by the blast. (Joing with the Kegiment to the
front in Sei^tember, 1802, Company II marche(l through
Kentucky and Tennessee to Ilartsville. ( )n that bhxKly
field James M. Porter, Alvin A. Myers and Henry ^Vill-
avise were struck down by the enemy's bullets to rise

4« THE t»NK HINDHED AND FOURTH

no iiioiv; t»tluM*s \v«*r«* wmnnltMl, ainl \. \\ »»I1T, still li\-
iiiu, «;iiri«*s a i«'lu'l Imllri in his IhmIv as a i-tMiiiinU'i-
(if llarisvillc. At < liirkaiiiau^xa Capiaiit Lu<liii^tou,
LitMitciiaut S«Milli\Vfl! and otluTs wert* \voun«l«Ml, The
miiipanv took |»ari in iIk* glorious Itaith's of Lookout
.Moiiiiiaiii an<l .Mission Kit!;:)'. Init lost in the lattci- the
brav<' IJcntcnani l>avi«lson. In throne liuinlnMl ami
twiMity «lavs of tlu* Atlanta rani])ai^n ("oiujtanv II was
alwavs i»i«'srnt whei-evri- (lutv ralleil, tout lihutin^r to
the uJoiiiMis icsiilts and Imildin;; n|i Imm- own rn oid
and that of tin* Kriiitnfin on f\(*i-v halt h'lield. ( MVncrs
and men had falh'ii fioni h<*i- ranks, hut the livin<^ took
their |dar«'s and inaichrd on to the sea with Sln'inian's
htists, t Immico t hron;ih t he < "aiolinas to McntonN ille. t he
hist and oiif of the decisive batths of ihf wai-.

UOSTKK OF THK COM PAN V.

CAPTAIN I.KWIS H DINdTON. Ago 24. born in LudlnRton-
villo, N. Y. KnllHtt'tl from Onane Townsliip. August 5. 1802: was
In ttip Kentiu-ky campaign and l)attl«' of HartsvIlN'. wIumi oomniand-
Jng ("ompany H, he rarri»'«l on an indopondonl tight and was th»> last
to surn*nd«»r. The scone of ttiis coniljat was calleit tlie "bull pen."
lie was in the Tullahoma campaign and at KIk River; in the Chicka-
niaiiga rami)aign at Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chioka-
mauga. where he was severely wounded. Resigned on account of
wounil. January I'l. lst;4, and was ranking Captain at the time. Cap-
tain I.tidington was a gootl otilcer and his loss regretted. After the
war he lived at Itloominglon for a time, then in DeWitt County.
III.. an«l was a member of the Legislature. Now lives in Ijifay-
ette, Ind.

CAPTAIN OliUlN M. SOITII WKLL. Age 27: born in Romeo.
Mich. Enlisted from F'vans. August 5. 1S«>2: appointed First Ser-
gennt; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville.
Promoted Second Lieutenant, commission dated February 2S, 186S;
was in the T\illahonui and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River.
I>avls Cross Roads an<l the battle of Chickanuiuga. where he was
wounded. Promoted First Lieutenant. IK'cember ">. isri.'l; Captain.
January 1*!, lKii4. In the Atlanta campaign he was at Huzzanl Roost.
Renara. New Moiw Church. Kenesaw .Mountain, before which he was
Beverely wounded, June 18. 1K»;4. Resigned on account of wounds,
J>«'cember PJ. Is«i4. Died February 21. 1S79. Captain Southwell was
n brave and able odlcer, most highly esteemetl by all.

CAPTAIN ISAAC VAfdllN. Age 31; born in Trumbull County.
Ohio; nir|M»nter; enlisted from* Owige. August 6. 1SG2; appointed
Si'cond CjMjMiral and Sergeant: was In th»' Kentucky campaign: also
In the Tullabiiiu't and Chlckamaugji campaigns; at Elk Ri%)>r. Davis
CroHM Roads, and the battle of Chlckamaiiga. Was at I<ookout Moun-
tain anti .Mission Ridge. Promoteil First Lieutenant, January It!.
ls«;4 III tlif .Mlania campaign was present at Huzzard Roost

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 473

Resaca, New Hope Church, the batllf.-s aioiind Konpsaw, whcvf on
Captain Southwell being wounded, he took roinniand of the f'oin-
pany; he was at Peaeh Tree and Utoy Creeks and .lonesboro; in the
pursuit of Hood; on the march to the sea and through the Carollnas-
at Bentonville. Mustered out June (J, istJo, as l-'irst Lieutenant'
Lives at Wenona and is in the drug business

FIRST LIEUTENANT ORRIN S. DAVIDSON. Enlisted from
Osage, August 5, 18(i2; elected First Lieutenant; was in the Kentucky
campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahonia and Chicka-
mauga cami)aigns at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads. In the
battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, where he was mor-
tally wounded in the charge and died soon after. He was a brave
man and a good officer, whose loss was deejily felt by the Company
and Regiment.

FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN G. DILLMAN. Enlisted from
Osage, August 14, 18G2; appointed Third Corporal; was in the battle
of Hartsville; promoted Sergeant. Was in the Thllahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns. In the battles of Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign, on the march after Hood
and to the sea; and through the Carolinas to Hentonville. Commis-
sioned First Lieutenant. December 1'J, 1804. Mustered out as First
Sergeant, June 6, 1865. Died in 189.3.

SECOND LIEUTENANT JOHN N. WOOD. Age 44; born in
Fayette County, Pa.; farmer; enlisted from Osage, August 12, 1862;
elected Lieutenant. Was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
Hartsville. Resigned February 28, 1863. Lives in Wenona, 111.
Retired from business.

SERGEANT AUSTIN H. FOWLER. See N. C. Staff.

SERGEANT WILLIAM C. REAM. Age 24; born in Ohio; en-
listed from Wenona, August .5, 1862; appointed Sergeant; was in the
battle of Hartsville and in the Tullahoma campaign at Elk River.
Discharged August 22, 186.3, as P^irst Sergeant, for promotion in
United States Colored troops. Was Second and First Lieutenant;
and in the battle of Nashville, wounded; served four years and four
months. Lives in Joliet, 111.

SERGEANT FRANCIS H. STIRE. Enlisted from O.sage, August
6, 1862; appointed Sergeant; was in the battle of Hartsville and all
the campaigns of the One Hundred and Fourth. The organizer and
leader of the Regimental band. Mustered out June 6, 186."). Resi-
dence is Indianapolis, Ind.

SERGEANT JAMES S. DOOLITTLE. Enlisted from 0.sage,
August 1.5, 1862. Discharged December 4, 1862; disability.

SERGEANT SAMSON H. CI'NNINGHAM. Enlisted from
Osage, August 7, 1862; appointed Corporal. In the battle of Harts-
ville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns. Mustered
out June 6, 186.5, as Sergeant. Lives at Hennepin, 111.

SERGEANT EGBERT S. DRESSER. Enlisted from O.sage, Au-"
gust 7, 1862; appointed Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign and
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns;
at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga.
At Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign
at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hqpe Church, Kenesaw Mountain,
Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of
Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas; at Ben-
tonville. Promoted Sergeant. Mustered out June 6. 1865.

iU THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

SKUi;EANT REUBEN UOWNEV. Enlisted from Osage. August
1*>. I.S'IJ; apiiointeil UoriMJiul; was In the battle of HartHville. the
artiuiiH of Elk Ki\«T ami Daxjs fross UoadK. the battles of Uhicka-
luaiiKa. lxK>kotil Motintain and Mistilon Kidge. In the Atlanta cani-
IMiiKn at Huziard Hoost. Hewiea. New Hope Chunh. Kenesaw Moun-
tain. I'eaih Tret' and I'toy CreekK, Jonesboro. Was on the march to
the wa and through the Carolinas; at lientonvllle. Promoted Ser-
geant. MuKtered out June G. isti't.

UOKPOUAL IKA C. MUONNELL. Enlisted from Osage, Au-
gust U. IstJl'; api>olnted ('or|)oral; was In the battle of Hartsvllle.
In the Tullahoma and Uhirkamauga campaignK; at Elk River. Davis
Cross Roads. Chirkanuiuga. Was in the battles of lx>okout Mountain
anil Mission i{idg)-. Mustered out June 0. isii.'*.

CORPORAL JAMES S. WORK. Age SS. born in Pennsylvania;
farmer; enlisted from Wenona. August t». IStlU; was in the Tulla-
homa and ChU-kamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads
and the battl<* of Chiekamauga. Was at Ix>okout Mountain and
Mission Ridge, and the skirmishes following. In the Atlanta eam-
imign. was at liuzzard Roost, Resaca. Kenesaw Mountain, Peach
Tree and I'toy Creeks, Jonesboro. Took part in the pursuit of Hood,
the march to the sea, and through the Carolinas. Always ready for
any duty. Mustered out June 0, 1865. Lives at Wenona. III. Is a
farmer.

CORPORAL ALLEN MctMLL. Enlisted from Osage, August tl.
lsr.2: was in tin- battle of Harisville; in the Tullahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. Chickamauga.
At lx>okout .Mountain and N'lsslon Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign
at Ruzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain,
Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was on the march to the
sea and through the Carolinas to Hentonvllle. Mustered out June
6, 1865.

CORPORAL JAMES K. BOSHELL. Enlisted from Wenona, Au-
gust !«, 1S61'; farmer: was in the battle of Hartsvllle; In the Tulla
homa and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads.
Clii<kanuiuga. Was at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In
th«' Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost. Itesaca. Kenesaw Moun-
tain, peach Tree antl I'toy Creeks, Jon»*sboro. vVas on the march
to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonvillc Promoted Cor-
poral for meritorious services. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Died at
Oreat Bend, Kan.. Kebnuiry IH. lss;«.

CORPORAL SAMl'EL BROWN. Age 21; born in Pennsylvania;
farmer; enlisted from Osjige, August 14. 1S«',2; was in the battles of
Hartsvllle. Elk River, Davis Cro.ss Roads. Chickamatiga. Lookout
Mountain an«l Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cami)aign at Buzzard
R<K)st. R«'h:i<a. New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mcwinlain. Peach Tr« e
and I'toy Cre«-ks. Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Pro-
moted Cori»oral for meritorious services. Mustered out June C, 1S«.5.
Now lives in Chicago. In the livery stable business. Was a model
soliiier and loyal friend.

WILLIAM D. EARL. .Musician. Enlisted from Osage. August
G. \M2. Discharged August L'K. XMH; disability.

JOHN W. PHILSON. .Musician. Enllste<| from Hoi)e, August
9. \M2. was in all the campaigns and battles of the Regiment. Lives
In Iowa or .Nebraska. .Mustered out June •;, 1SG5.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 475

JOSEPH M. SONGER. Wagoner. Enlisted from Osage. August
13, 1862. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

THOMAS ADAMS. Age 27; born in Ireland; farmer; enlisted
August 12, 1862; was in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Rosaca, New
Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Ttoy Creeks,
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas to Bentonville. In a letter to the writer, Mr.
Adams naively says: "Was never wounded, but a good manv times
thought I was." Mustered out June 6, 1865. Is Postmaster at Gas-
kill, Kan.

GEORGE C. ARMSTRONG. Enlisted from Osage, August 15
1862; deserted March 15, 1863.

REUBEN BALDWIN. Enlisted from Osage. August 6, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Died at
Chicago. September 7, 1863.

VALENTINE BINGENHEIMER. Enlisted from Osage, August
6, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; at Elk River and Davis
Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge,
Buzzard Roost, Resaca, and all the battles before Atlanta; on the
march to the sea and in the Carolina campaign. Mustered out June
6, 1865.

Z. P. BECKWITH. Enlisted from Osage, August 6, 1862; dis-
charged December 15. 1862; disability. Not now alive.

JAMES H. BANE. Enlisted from Osage, August 3, 1862; was
teamster. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Dana, 111.

MORRIS M. BOSLEY. Enlisted from Putnam County, August
9, 1862; was at Hartsville. Discharged March 4, 1863; disabilitv.

JOHN W. BECKWITH, Enlisted August 6, 1862. Died Novem-
ber 18, 1862.

SAMUEL BALL. Enlisted from Osage, August 14, 1862; was
in the battle of Hartsville, at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads,
Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; was at Buzzard
Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree
and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to
the sea, and through the Carolinas; at Bentonville. Mustered out
Jiine 6, 1865.

HARVEY M. BOSLEY. Enlisted from Hope, August 15, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Transferred to V. R. C, April 1,
1865.

WILLIAM S. BOSLEY. Enlisted from Osage. August 15. 1862.
Transferred to V. R. C. September 1, 1864.

JOHN W. CHAIMP. Enlisted from Osage. August 7, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Discharged
April 14, 1863; d"isability.

WILLIAM L. CHALFANT. Enlisted from Osage, August 9, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville; discharged June 13, 1863; disability.

JAMES W. DANIELS. Enlisted from Hope, August 7. 1862.
Died at Gallatin, Tenn.. December 25. 1862.

STEPHEN H. DEAN. Enlisted from Osage, August 9. 1862; was
in the battle of Hartsville; the actions of Elk River and Divis Cross
Roads, and the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was present at Buzzard
Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree

476 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

and I'toy Cifoka, Jonesboro; on ihf marc-h to the sfu and in the
Carolina caniimtRn: at lU>n(onvllle. MuBtfrfd out June U, l!SG5.

SOLOMON N. 1K)\VNKY. EnliKled from Oiiuge. August 12. 1862.
Detnihi'd at muKtcr out of H«*ginu*nt.

CKOKdK IUXON. Knllhi.'d from Owige, August 9. 1862; waa
In thf Kentucky laniimigii; the hattk< of Hartsvillo: the actions of
Elk Ulver and Davis Cross Uoads. In the battles of Chlckaniauga.
Lo<>^"lll Moiintaln and Mission Hidge. Distharged December 21,
ISO y. Liv««8 at M«*lvin, III.

' 1. W. Dlt'lS. Enlisti-d from Osage. August 14. 1862; waa

in thf Irntili- of Hartsville. I)ls<-harged Juni- 21. 1SG3.

WILLIAM I*. DILLMAN. Enlisted from Osjige. August 15. 1862;
was In the battle of Hartsville. Discharged December 3, 1863; dis-
ability.

JOHN ELY. FTnllsted from Hope. August 9. 1862; was in the
battle of Miirtsville. Dl«'d at Chicago, March 4. 1S63.

JOH.N EVKUITT. Enlisted from Osage. August C. 18C2; was in
the balth' of Hartsvill.-; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. Chicka-
mauga. Ix>okout .Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the .\tlanta cam-
paign at Huzzard Roost. Resaca. New }lo\)e Church. Kenesiiw Moun-
tain. IVach Tn'e and I'toy Creeks, where he was wounded, August
11, 1S«>4. Was on the march to the sea and through the CaroUnaa:
at Hentonville. Hrave in battle. Mustered out June 0, 1865.

.NATHANIEL EM ERICH. Enlisted from Osage. August 9. 1862;
was in the battle of Harlsvlllt'. at Elk River ami Davis Cross Roads;
in the battles of Chickamaiiga. lookout Mountain an<l .Mission
Ridge. Present in the Atlanta campaign at Huzzard Roost, Resaca,
New HoiK" Church. Kenesaw Mountain. IVach Tree and I'toy Creeks,
Joni'sboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea
and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June •;. 1S»),"..

HENRY R. ELLIS. Enlisted from Osage, .\ugust 15. 1S«.2; was
in th«' battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chlckamauga cam-
paigns at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. Chlckamauga; at Ix>okout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. Huzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hoi>e
Church. Kenesiiw Mountain. I'each Tree and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro.
Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas. .Mustered out June t;, l.srt5. Lives at Cornell. 111.

JONATHA.V W. FLA(;(;. Enlisted from Osage. August 7, 1S62;
was in I 111' Kf-ntucky campaign. Absent from company ut muster
out; d«-tail<'(l in hospital.

TRI.MHLE KEA(;i.N'S. Enlisted from Osage. August 8. 1862; waa
In thf battb" of Hartsville. Was present in the Atlanta campaign at
nuzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Chtirch. Kenesaw Mountain.
Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro. In the pursuit of ^lood,
on the march to the sea. Musferecl out June 6. l.S(J5. I>ead.

ISAAC FRANK. Enlisted from Osage. August 14. 1862: was in
the Kentucky cami>alKn and battle of Hartsville. .\bsent. sick, at
mtiHter out of ReRlment.

WILLI.X.M W CRAVIvS. Enlisted from Osage. August 12, 1862;
was at Hartsville. Elk River. Davis Cross Roatls. Chickamaiiga,
IxMtkout .Mountain and .Mission Ridge. Took part in the .Mlanta
campaign and all lis battles. Was In the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to the sea. Mustered out June 6. 1865.

(JEOIKJE W (JRll'KIN. Age 17; born in Marshall County. 111.;
enllHtod from Osage. August 10, 1862; was in the battles of llarts-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 471

ville and Mission Ridge. Taken sick and sent to hospital; had been
poisoned at Louisville by a pie peddler. Discharged September 30,
18G4; disability. Lives near Magnolia, 111.

BEN J. F. HARDING. Enlisted from Osage, August 6, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Discharged
August 15, 1863; disability.

FRANCIS E. HOGLIN. Enlisted from Osage, August 15, 1862.
Discharged October 24, 1862; disability.

JACOB P. HUNT. Enlisted from Hope, August 9, 1862; was in
the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and
the battle of Chickamauga. In the battles of Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was present at Buzzard
Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, where he was mortally wounded
June 2, 1864, and died at Ackworth, Ga., July 7, 1864.

WILLIAM J. HUNT. Enlisted from Hope, August 9, 1862; was
in the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaign at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. Discharged De-
cember 21, 1863; disability.

SAMUEL M. HUNT. Enlisted from Hope, August 12, 1862. Not
mustered in.

GEORGE W. HAMMITT. Enlisted from Osage, August 15, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville. In the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at the battles of Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge, where he was wounded in the hand.
Was in the Atlanta campaign and battles, on the march to the sea
and through the Carolinas. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

ELISHA INKS. Enlisted from Osage, August 15, 1862; deserted
March 13. 1863.

ROSWELL JACOBS. Enlisted from Osage. August 12, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and at Hartsville; in the Chickamauga
campaign, at Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga.
In the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the
Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain,
Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. Wounded at the latter place, August
7, 1864. Transferred to V. R. C, January 1, 1865.

JAMES KIRKPATRICK. Enlisted from Osage. August 15, 1862;
was in a part of the Kentucky campaign. Taken sick and died at
Bowling Green, December 12, 1862.

WILLIAM M. LAUGHMAN. Enlisted from Osage, August 5,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign. Detailed in hospital April,
1864, and absent at muster out.

ALVIN A. MYERS. Enlisted from Osage, August 6, 1862; was in
the Kentucky campaign; mortally wounded at Hartsville. Died De-
cember 10. 1862.

CHARLES M. MOORE. Enlisted from Hope, August 11, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. In the battles of Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge, where he was killed, November 25, 1863.
EDGAR W. MOSHER. Enlisted from Osage. August 12, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. In the battles of Lookout

ilS THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Mountnln and MlHsion Ridgo. when* bo wuc wouixltMl. Was in iho
Atlanta i-anipaign. on the niart-h to the sea and through the Caru-
llnaii. MiiKtcred out June 0. istia.

ALEXANDKH P. MILLER. Enlisted from Osage. August 0,
\S62: was at Hartsville and In all the canipaigns and battles of the
Regiment, and never lost his nerve in battle. Mustered out Juno
6. ls»>;».

HARRISON MILLER Enlisted from Osage. August. 1862; was
In the Kentucky canipitiKn. Dlsrharged March 10. iKOfi; disability.

EDWIN S. MOORE. Enlisted from Hope, August 1'., 1S«J; was
in the battle of liartsvtlle: at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, t'hicka-
mauga. Ix>okout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta cam-
paign was present at Huzzard Roost. Resaca, New Ho|>e Church,
Kenesaw Mountain, in front of which he was wounded June 18, 18t)2;
Absent sick at muster out of Regiment. Lives in Iowa.

ERANKLIN R. MOODY. Enlisted from Hope. August 15, 1862:
dlBcharK«Ml ()<tober LM. \M2: disability.

JAMES W. MILLER. Enlisted from Hope. August 9, 18G2. Not
mustered.

HENRV NELSON. Enlisted from Osage. August 12, 1S»;2: was
ii the battle of HartsviUe, th«' actions of Elk River and Davis Cross
Roads: the battles of Chickamauga. Ix)okout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and battles; in the pursuit of Hood,
on the march to the sea and through the Carollnas to Bentonville.
One of the tried and true. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives in
Rutland. i:i.

LEVI NF:LS0N. Enlisted from Osage. August 12. 1862; was in
the battle of HartsviUe and slightly wounded. Deserted December
11. 1S62.

JOSEPH T. ODER. Enlisted from Osage. August 11. 18G2; was In
the Kentucky camj)aign and the battle of HartsviUe. He was en
picket an<l fired the first gun that announced the approach of John
Morgan. Oder was then a lad of sixteen or seventeen summers and
then, or afterwards, never lost his nerve. He was in the Tull.ihonm
and Chi<kamauga campaigns: at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, aind
the battle of Chickamauga. Was in the battles of Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge, and said by some to have been the first soldier
from the Reginient on the Ri<lge in the grand charge. He was in
the battles of Huzzard Roost. Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, I'eac l«
Tree an<l I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, and
on the march to the sea. Mustered out June 6. 1S65.

JESSE ONY. Enlisted from Osage. August 7, 1862; was in the
Kentucky and some other campaigns. Absent, sick, at muster out
of Regiment.

BENJAMIN ONY. Enlisted from Osage. August 15. 1862. De-
wrted .March 13. IM*,:?.

JAMES M. PORTER. Enlisted from Marshall County. August
(i, iw;2: was In the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Harts-
viUe. whi-re be was mortally wounded and died December 11. 1S62.

AURAH.VM PORTER. Enlistetl from Osage. August 6. 1S»;2:
was in (be battle of HartsviUe: in the Tullahoma campaign: at Elk
Ri\er, Davis (Voss Roads, Chiikamaiiga, Lookout .Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the .Atlanta campaign at Ituzzard Roost. Res.-ica.
New Ho|M« Church. Kenesaw Mountain. Wotinded In the head. July
IH. \Hfii. near the Chattahoochee. He was In the pursuit of Hootl. on

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 479

the march to the sea and through the Caiolinas to Bentonville. Muis-
tered out June 6, 1865.

SAMUEL PORTER. Enlisted from Osage, August 11, 1862; wa^
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In the Chlcka-
mauga campaign and wounded in the battle of Chickamauga. In the
Atlanta campaign and the march to the sea. Discharged.

JAMES QUILLEN. Enlisted from Osage, August 8, 18fi2; was in
the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River, Uavis Cross Roads;
the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge.
In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope
Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro;
in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and northwards
to Bentonville. Mustered out June 0, 1865. Not alive.

NEWTON RECTOR. Enlisted from Osage, August 9, 1862; was
in the battle of Hartsville; the actions of Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign and battles, and on the march
to the sea. Transferred to V. R. C, March 15, 1865.

NOAH RILEY. Enlisted from Magnolia, August 12, 1862; was in
the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; soon after went
to hospital. Discharged June 24, 1864; disability.

DYER S. ROBERTS. Enlisted from Osage. August 12, 1862; was
left at Bowling Green, Ky., sick; never after with the company.
Discharged August 20, 1863; disability. Died in 1894.

ISRAEL E. RICHEY. Enlisted from Osage, August 12. 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River and Davis
Cross Roads, the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and its battles, on the
march to the sea and northwards. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

ISHAM SMITH. Enlisted from Hope, August 9, 1862; was in
the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, the actions of
Elk River and Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga,
where he was mortally wounded, being struck by four or five bullets.
Died at Chattanooga, October 10, 1863.

CHRISTOPHER SHORT. Enlisted from Hope. August 9, 1862;
was in the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign and its battles; in the pursuit
of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Ben-
tonville. Mustered out June 6, 186.').

JACOB T. SPRING. Enlisted from Hope, August 9, 1862; was in
the Kentucky campaign and the battle of Hartsville. Not with
the Regiment after that. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JACOB M. SMITH. Enlisted from Osage, August 6, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Not with the
Regiment afterwards. Died at home, December 3, 1863.

PETER SIGG. Enlisted from Osage, August 11, 1862; was iu
the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chicka-
mauga. Died at Chattanooga, November 10, 1863.

SYLVESTER WAGONER. Enlisted from Osage, August 6,
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads, Chickamauga; in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mis-
sion Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca,

4M THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

New Hope Church, Keuosuw Mountain, Peach Tree aud I'loy Creeks,
JonoKboru. In the purHult of Houd. on the march to the sea. nud
thruii^h the Carolinaii to lieutonvUle. A brave and faithful soldier.
Mutitered uut June 6, ISGf). Moved to Columbus, Kan., and died
there in issC.

XAVIKU \Vt)LKF. Age 26; born in Buuny Ffance. Enlisted from
Wenona. AuKUt>t 0. ISGJ; he took part in the Kentucky campaign and
battle at HartKvllle, where he wa« severely wounded in the hip,
iH-cemlK-r 7. 1SG2. iJlBcharsed for wound November 10. 1SG3. Lives
in Indlanapulis, Ind. The ball has never been extracted and Wolff
BUfferH nnirh from it.

HKNUY WILLAVISK. Enlisted from Ottawa. August 11. 1SC2;
was in the Kentutky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where he was
killed, IVcember 7. ISOJ.

SAMIKL C. WOOUIUFF. Enlisted from Ottawa, August 15,
18G2; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma and Chickaniauga campaigns at Elk River. Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign and its battles. Took
part in the pursuit of Mood, on the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas to lU-ntonville. ,\histered out June G. iSGo.

LEWIS C. WELLS. Enlisted from Osage, August 15, 1802; was
lu the Kentucky campaign. Discharged May 4, 1864; disability.
Lives in Illinois.

THOMAS WILSON. Enlisted from Osage. August 15, 1802; was
in the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga cam-
paigns. Discharged by order of President Lincoln, direct. April 25,
18G4. on account of familv afllictions. Lives at Corning. la.

RECRUITS.

MATTHEW BROWN. Enlisted from Hope. February 23, 1864:
was wounded at Graysvllle. Ua.. in April. 1SG4. while at target prac-
tice, and not again with the company. Transferred to Thirty-fourth
Illinois Infantry.

WILLI.VM O. I)ILLM.\N. Enlisted from Hope. February 12,
1S64; was in the Atlanta campaign at Huzzard Roost, Resiica. Kenc-
saw Mountain and Peach Tree Creek. Taken sick and died in
Louisville. Ky.. November 1. 1864.

HENRY S. EVERITT. Age 19; born in Hope Township, La Salle
County. Enlisted F«l)ruary 19. 1804; whs in the Atlanta campaign
at IJuzzard Roost, Resaca. New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain.
Peach Tree and Cloy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was on the march to
Savannah and through the Carolinas to Hentonvllle. Marched to
Washington and transferred to Company E. Thirly-foiirth llllnoio
Infantry. Discharged July 11', 1SG5. Lives at Creat Hend. Kan.

CHARLES E. CRAVES. Enlisted from Hope. February 19. 1S64;
was in the Atlanta camjiaign at Huzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hope
Church. Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and the skirmishes
following. Was kllle«l at I'toy Creek. August 7. 1864.

ISRAEL JOHNSON. Enlisted from Ho|m>. March 28. 1SG5; never
reported to the company. Transferred to Thirty-fourth IllinolH
Infantry.

JOHN E. MERRITT. Age 18; born in Ilelmont County. Ohio;
farmer; enlisted from Hope. February 12. 1864. Was in the Atlanta
campaign at liuzzard Roost. Rewna, New Hope Church. Kenesaw
Mounts!" !'••.■ ii Till ;(!)'! Ii<i\ Cn-rks .IoihsIxho In llic pursuit

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 481

of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Ben-
tonville. He was cool and brave. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illi-
nois Infantry. Mustered out at Louisville, July 12, 18«o. Lives at
Wichita, Kan., and is in the lumber business. See "Incidents."

CORPORAL PARKER P. MILLS. Enlisted from Hope, February
12, 1864. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Lives iu
Illinois.

CHARLES H. TURNER. Age 21; born in Fayette County. Pa.
Enlisted from Hope, January 12, 1864; was at Buzzard Roost. Resaca.
New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks.
Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas to Bentonville. A brave soldier. Transferred
to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry. Lives at Lostant, 'ill.

JAMES B. WILLIAMSON. Enlisted from Westfield, February
12, 1864; was in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost. Resaca,
New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks,
Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and'
through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Transferred to Thirty-fourth
Illinois Infantry.

STATISTICS OF COMPANY H.

Total enlistment 100

Killed and mortally wounded S

Wounded 11

Resigned for wounds 2

Resigned for disability 1

Discharged for wounds 1

Discharged for disability 18

Died of disease 8

Promoted C. S 1

Discharged for promotion 1

Deserted 4

Mustered out June 6, 1865 ?S

Mustered out by order of the President 1

Not mustered in 2

Transferred to V. R. C 4

Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry 7

Detached at muster out 1

Absent, sick, at muster out 4

Known to be living (December, 1894) 26

» iiAi''n:K x.wii.

Compnny I— How and Where Organlxed— RoBter und Rlugra^
phles— HtatlBtlcB.

SKETCH OF COMPANY I.
\\ lu'M ill .liilv, 1S(;2, till' procljiiiiai inn wciii f«iiili
(-alliii;;: f«n* iiion* vnhiiiircrs ;i Im;ii i \ ns|t«»iisi* was !ii:i<|(

• •\»'IV\\ IhMM*. )>llt ill lilt S(Mli(t|| uf (lir ciiillltV llMUr rai-
in'silv iliaii ill tin* sunt liwrsi itait, uliicli lia<! Imcii m'I-
tl«M| laiiu'lv liy I In- liaidv am! pal lint ir sons nf N« \v
i']ii;:laiiil, iiiaiiv nf u Imiii wcif tli<' tl<'smi(hiiils nf |;c\<t-
liit iniiai'N sirrs. Siicli wcir W'adh'i^li and I'mt im-, w Im
ici lilit«M| wlial iM'raillc ( 'nllljiailV I nf tllciMM- l:il!nl!<'(I
ami i-'nuilli. Itflwcrii the 1st aii-l ITit li of Au;.'.tist, ls<;j,

• •iiniiuli iiMMi lia<l l«M-ii i-iilisii'd In tniiii a roiii |»a II \ . h
was tlitMl ni-i^aili/cd hy tlir I'lrclitui nf d<dlll Wad Iciiili
as ( "a I it a ill ; W ilia id riuctnr, I'irst I/iciitriiaiil : ( 'liarlts
|]. N\'(*l»I»cr, Sci-niid l/K'iihiiani . Tin- fnllnwiiii: imii
cnimiiissiniird nni(«*i-s wdr a |t|tni Ml fd : William < ". I\
I i<-iii|isti'ad, I'iisl S«M-L;raiii : Lnicii/n (I. Simii, .laiiM's
M. Wrij:lii. Artlnir S. Smith and Andrew Mnlliii. Sci-
L.'<*anls; llllnidi:*' ( "liapmaii, < 'liaiN's L. i'aims. Tiiiiniliv
PnWfll. Ni'Isnii II. ('nnpcj-. Aloaiii A. \'"llllilyi'a, Iv.
IN'i-iy IJnM^c, William Tady ami <"|iarl'*s L. Symniid>-.
< 'mpnials. Willi t Ids (MpiipimMil llic <om|>aiiy icpnitcd
at nttawa and wfin inin < amp. ('a|ilaiit Wadlciiili
lnM-aiiH' tin* i-ankiiiL: ("aptain nf ilic Kc^imt'iit. The
('iiiii|iaiiy snnii afiri- Went In Lniiis\illi' and shared in
all tin* iiiai'iln's and dnt i<'s id° t lie fninmaiid in I Ik* K<-n
tiirky and 'i'mncsscc camitai^ns and at I laiisx ilh-
foii^lii with sli'adx lna\« ry auainsi siipciini- nnmlM'is.
Twn imn, II. W. Travt r ami N. I'llcnhnckri-, wcic mm-
tallx wniimhd and iliirircn wniindrd. While al Tamp

hmil^'las in tin- winlcf <»f \st\:\ jacnlrnanl W rldifi- ir-
Hi;;m'd and Srr^'canl Wri^dil was cnnimissinni'd S<m •
(iiid iafiMfiianl. <Jnin;: In tin- fmni a^iain in April,.

^o«K«js--

Lieut. J. M. Wright, Co.

J. Bane, Co. I.

Capt. W. Proctor, Co. I.

M. J. Lane. Co. D.
Corp. W. E. Frink. Co. L
D. F. Trask, Co. I.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 4R3:

Company I was in the Tnllahonia cainpaioii uin, i|„.
Regiment. At Declierd, Captain Wadleijrii ivsi-iicd
and Lieutenant I'roctor became Captain. Lieutenant
Wright was commissioned First Lieutenant. rhe
future history of the company from the Ijeginnini; of
the Chickamauga campaign was one in \viii< Ii evMv
member can take pride wiien lie i-edects on the i);nt
talvon at Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and .Mis-
sion Kidge, and in the one hundred and twenty days
of the Athmta campaign and its batth's. In all these,
in the purusit of Jlood, the march to the sea, throngh
the Carolinas, and at IJentonvilh', Company I bore a
prominent part that rellected the highest credit on
both officers and men, several of whom were distin-
guished for coolness and nerve, bravery and enterprise,
on different occasions.

ROSTER OF THE COMPANY.

CAPTAIN JOHN WADLEIGH. Age 35; born in New Hamp-
shire; he came to Illinois in the '40s and settled in or near Rut-
land, La Salle County; was engaged in farming until 1858, when he
went into the mercantile business in Rutland and has continued
in it ever since. When the war came he recruited a company for
the Thirty-third Illinois Infantry, of which he was elected Captain,
but was finally unable to go out with it on account of business com-
plications. In August, 1862, he was large.ly instrumental in raising
men for what became Company I of the One Hundred and Fourth,
and was elected Captain. On the organization of the Regiment he
became ranking Captain. Going to the front Captain Wadleigh
was with his company in the Kentucky campaign and the battle
of Hartsville, Tenn., where he did all that man could do to stem the
tide of defeat. When the Regiment was paroled, the field officers,
being retained as prisoners of war, Captain Wadleigh took command
of the Regiment. At Columbus, O., he secured its transfer to Camp-
Douglas. Chicago, and performed valuable services in reorganizing-
the command, which without its field officers had become scattered^
When the One Hundred and Fourth returned to the front in April,
1863, Captain Wadleigh accompanied it and participated in the
Tullahoma campaign. His health, which had been poor, induced
him to resign at Decherd, Tenn., July 30, 1863. ?le returned home
and has since lived in Rutland, where he has held many offices of
trust in the town and county.

CAPTAIN WILLARD PROCTOR. Age 35; born in Rutland,
Vt., of Revolutionary stock; farmer; enlisted from Rutland, 111.,.
August 9, 1862; was elected First Lieutenant, date of commission
August 27, 1862; he participated in the Kentucky campaign and the
battle of Hartsville, Tenn. In the Tullahoma campaign he was in:
the spirited two days' fighting at Elk River of Beatty's Brigade
against the rebel left wing of a division, the One Hundred and

4M THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Fourth taking a leading part In the advance. Captain Proctor led
hiM t-ompany in the rhickainauKa tunipalgn at the remarkable
attlon of DavlB Cross KojuIk, SeptfrnU'r 11. 1S«;3. and In the battle of
ChlckanwiiiKa. Septemb.-r li» and 20. IhOIV Was loniniiKsioued Cap-
tain for meritorious sfrvieeH at ChlikanuiuKa, to date from July
30. I5»t;3. He wa« at lx>okout Mountain and MisKion HidKe; and in
the numerous nkirmisheK afterwards at (JravKvllie and Taylor's
Ridge. In the Atlanta iami>alRn was pres«'nt at buzzard's Roost, of
Ro<kv Fare, the battles around Resaea. New Hope Churth and
Koneiuiw Mountain; was at I'eaeh Tree Crwk. the dally skirmishes
In front of Atlanta; at I'toy Cn-ek and Jonesboro. During this
wonderful rampaiRn of one hundred and twenty days, he was under
nre with his company aii<l ReRiment one hundn'd days, beluR often
In eommand of important portions of thi' skirmish or plikel lines,
under Major Widn>er. who was known as the best skirmish line
oftleer in the division. Captain Proctor was as little inclined to
give way in critical positions as the Rranite of his native state. He
look part in the pursuit of Hood and the march to the sea. but was
taken verv sick in Savannah and was sent by sea to New York. He
therefore missed the campaign of the Carolinas. On recovering he
reiKjrted at Washington and commanded a provisional camj) of
Sherman's soldiers, who had also missed the last campaign. When
the One Hundred and Fourth arrived at Washington. Captain Proc-
tor rejoined the company and after the C.rand Review of the mighty
hosts of the Union armies, was mustered out .lune «J. 18C.'>, and like
CincinnatTis of old. he returned home to his plow. Lives at Proctor,
111 Is a retired farmer, full of years, peace and war stories.

FIRST LIKITKNANT JA.MKS M. WRIOHT. Knlisted from
Rutland. August 9. 1S«2; farmer; was appointed Third Sergeant; was
commissioned Second Lieutenant. February 10. ISUH. He was In .the
Kentucky campaign and the battle of llartsville. Took part in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was present at Klk River
and Davis Cross Roads; participated in the battles of (Miickamauga.
I^ookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Commissioned First Li.Milen-
ant for meritorious services at (Milckamauga; date of commission.
July '^^ 1*<<>3. \m the Atlanta campaign be was present at Huzzard
Roost of Rockv Face. R.'saca. New Hope Church, the battles around
Kenesaw .Mountain. Peach Tre." Creek, the siege of Atlanta, the en-
gagements on rtov Cref'k. and Jonesboro. Was on the march to the
sea and through the Carolinas; at Hentonvllle. Was noted for en-
terpris«' and bravery. Mustered out June G, 1805. Now lives at
Ham's Forks. Wyo. Is a ranchman. „ „..

SKCOND LIKITKNANT CHARLKS K. WEBBER. Enlisted from
OroCehind in August, 1m;l'; elected Second Lieutenant; was in the
Kentucky campaign. Resigned at Camp Douglas. February 9, 186:i.

"first SKRCEANT WILLIAM C. F. HKMPSTKAD. Knlisted
fn.m Rutland. August 12, isr,2; was In the Kentucky campaign.
Hoon after was promoted Chaplain of the Regiment. Resigned in
8**pt«mlwr, \MZ. 1)I«m1 some yi-ars ago.

SKRCKANT LORKNZO C. STOCT. Age 2K; born in New Jersey;
farmer- coming to Illinois he settled near Rutland, and imbued with
natrlotism enlisted August '.t. lSi;2; was appointed Second Sergeant;
was in the Kentuckv campaign and the battle of Hartsvllle; promoted
Flmt Sergeant March 15. 1K«>3. Took part In thi> Tullahoma and

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 485

fiS^'^fn'^t ""T.F^'F^' "^""^ P""^^^"^ ^^ Elk River and Davis Cross
Koads. In the Atlanta campaign he was at Buzzard Roost Resaca
Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. .lonesboro Was
taken sick and sent back to Nashville and was in the battle there
being unable to join the Regiment on its march to the sea'
innt^'^'fi" i!^^" ^f^ distinguished for bravery. He was mustered out
June 6 1865; returned to Rutland and thereafter for many years
was Justice of the Peace. Supervisor, etc. He stood high" in the
esteem of all. But like many another soldier, he contracted the
disease in the army from which he died. January 13 189.3
A ^^A^'^i^'^ ARTHUR S. SMITH. Enlisted from Rutland.
August 9 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma
f^ u !?. l^'Xl"" campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and
the battle of Chickamauga; slightly wounded September 19 1863
Mustered out June 6, 1865.

SERGEANT ANDREW MOFFITT. Age 34; born in Favette
County, Pennsylvania; farmer; enlisted August 9, 1862 from Rutland-
was at Tompkinsville, Ky., sick, at the lime of the battle of Hartsville-
captured by Hamilton's cavalry and parolled, rejoined the Regiment
at Camp Chase. Participated in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns, and present at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, the battles
of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in a
part of the Atlanta campaign, but owing to his being disabled in a
railroad accident was sent to the rear; had charge of regitnental
baggage and papers and took them to Washington. Was mustered
out June 6, 1865. Lives at Dorchester, Neb. Is in the lumber
business.

SERGEANT TIMOTHY POWELL.' Enlisted from Rutland.
August 9, 1862; appointed Corporal; was in the battle of Hartsvilk.,
in the Tullahoma campaign; was present at Elk River and Davis
Cross Roads; promoted Sergeant. Killed at the battle of Chicka-
mauga, September 20, 1863.

SERGEANT CHARLES LAMP. Enlisted from Rutland, August
9, 1862; was at Hartsville, Elk River, Davis Cross Roads; in the
battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge;
promoted Sergeant for meritorious services. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, the battles around Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek.
Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas; at Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at
Bloomington, 111. Did not lose any shots when occasion offered,
and never knew what fear was.

CORPORAL ELBRIDGE CHAPMAN. Enlisted from Groveland.
August 9, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and in the battle of
Hartsville, where he was wounded in the side. Took part in the Tul-
lahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, being present at Elk River.
Davis Cross Roads and the first day's battle of Chickamauga. The
One Hundred and Fourth was supporting Bridge's Battery at a ford
of the Chickamauga and was under a terrific fire from the rebel bat-
teries when his right leg was shot away and his right elbow shattered
by a rebel shell. He lived but a few hours.

CORPORAL CHARLES L. BANGS. Enlisted from Groveland,
August 9, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; the actions of EV.s.
River and Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout
Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign and

4M THE ONE HUNDHED AND FOURTH

battleii. the purtiult of Hood, the march to the sea and through the
<';u<ilin;i»* .MiiKtt>ri*d out June 6, IS6'k

• •••l;r()UAl. NKUSON H. COOPER. Enlisted from Groveland.
AiiKtisi ".'. ls»;j; w.'iK in the Kentucky caniimlgn. Discharged for
dlsaliiliiy .lantiary h, 18(>3.

I'dUroUAL AHUAM A. VKRMII.YEA. Enlihtod from Grove-
land. AuKust 11, ]S{,2. Was at HartHville. l)««Berti'(i Aiirll 17. 1SG3.

COKI'OUAL U. I'KIIUY HOtJE. EuliHted from Groveland.
AuguMt !>, 1K62: a|>|»oint«-il Corporal, also appointed n-glmental
wai;on master; was In the Kentucky i-ampaign rnd at HarlHviUe.
Discharged May 29. 1SG3: dItMibllity.

COitlHUlAL WILLIAM CAUY. EnliHted from Groveland,
Aegiisi !• 1KG2; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
HariHville: In the Tullahoma campaign; at Elk Ui\( r. Chlckamauga,
lA>ok(>ut Mounlnin nnd Mission Kidge; in tin* Atlanta cain|taign
and its battler, the m:u«-h Jo the 8»-a and the ctmpiiign of the
Carollnas lo Hfutonvllie. Mustered ou' .lune i;, ISO'i.

COIM'OKAL ClIAHLKS L. SYMONhS. Enlist«<l from Groveland,
AugiiKi :•. is»;j: man bed with thf U* gini<-nt to Howling Green;
taken sick at Tompkinsvllle, Ky.; die<l there November 21. 1S02.

COKI'OKAI, WILLIAM E. IKINK. Age 20; born in New York;
farmer: enlisted from Uulland August 9. 1SC2; was in the Kentucky
cam|>aign and the battle of Hartsville; slightly wounded; in the
TullalxjUia campiii^n. was jin'sent at Elk Hi\er. Was in the battles
of I^ookout Mountain and Mission Ridge; promoted Corporal for mer-
itorious services. In the .Atlanta camijaign he was pres«'nt at Huz-
zanl Roost, Resaca. New Hope Cliur«h. the battles around Kk-nesiiw
Mountain. Peach Tree Creek. I'toy Creek. Jonesboro; was again
slightly wounded. Took part in the pursuit of Hood and the march
to Sa\aniuih. and at the latt«*r |)lace performed som«* important recon-
noitering services. Corporal Friuk was also in the campaign of the
Carollnas; at Hentonvllle. Ho was distinguished for courage. Mus-
tere<| out June •;. lsi;,"». Now lives at Minnie Falls, Lincoln County,
'Washington. Is a farmer and stock raiser.

CORPORAL ARTEMIS C. QIINN. Enlisted from Groveland,
August y, 1SG2; was in the Kentucky campaign and baiile of
Hartsvilli'. wounded slightly in the breast. In the Tullaiionui and
^Mii'-kaniauga campaigns; at Elk Riv<*r. Davis Cross Roads. :in«l the
battle of Chickaniau^a. Was at Lookout .Mountain and Mission
Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign was present at Huzzard Roost,
Rewiia, New Ho|ie Church. Ken« saw Mountain, Peach Trt»e and Ctoy
Creeks. JoneslKuo. Was in the purstiit of Hood, on the march to the
Ben. the campai(;n of thf Carollnas, and at Hentonvllle. Mustered
out Jun<* G isi:r>.

CORPORAL LEWIS. WHITMAN. Enllster from Groveland
August !». 1SG2; was In the battle of Hartsville; the Tullahoma and
<*liicl<aniaii;;a ciuupalgiis. and 'n the actions of Elk River and DavU
CroHS Rna<li-: also in the iialtle of ChlckanutUKa where he was
captuied and seat lo Andersonville prison |M>n. Died there June 7.
1KG4. Nuinlwr of gnne. Iti'j'j.

HARTHOLO.MEW ANDREWS. Enlisted from Groveland.
AugUKt II. I.^<i2: was wi.unibd slightly at Hnrtsville. Was a
prlitoner for a long lln>e. Transferred to I. C, June :<o, lsr»4.

DAVID ALLEN. EPllslid from Groveland, August 14, 1802;
<llitrharged August 17. 1K(>3, for «llH;ibillty.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.

487

FRANK W. BURNS Ao-o ic k
enlLsted from Grovelancl Aifgust '9 ?8?.'" ''''""'•"• ^- "- ^•'^'-^:
Hartsville and s.vorely'woSd in tSe^lT'oat'\v" '"'^'^^ "'
Postmaster of the Re-impnf in fuJ ■ . '"'^O'lt- ^Vas apjiointfU

When General cJ^"'Z.'\^rZ^'''' ^^^'^^^'^^ ^^^ --'^-^^
Postmaster of the division until 111^0^ nf h «"hser,„enMy

-June 6, 1865. Lives in Le Ma,i inv!. . •^'^ ''""■■ ^^^i'«teiod out
See "Incidents " ^' ^*''^''' '^'^'^ '^ '" ^he milling busine.^s.

remove the wou,„lM ,om the rZ i^L r^K'"""™ """ '"^'"">
Kentucky campaign and the h;,ftL "f Vf /^'.,/^''^' ^^'^s m the

was shot away and he was hadl.- wo 2 n t^e loft foot' 'lu^'u"''
was the tallest, man in the ReRiment and wpTi .?,;./ ^'- ^'^"''

He served his conntrv with a 1i S tv d ,".- h'".^''"'^' '''^^•
be repaid Discharged for wo^rnds Ip^il 2 '1 "4 He 1 v'e in OtJaXT

S^BA^ltpY T''^lf f""^"^' 2^' 1^^2. Rejected.

^lifn-r^^^eia^r^gn^riv/'isr^o^f'S^^mJ^iT^o

S- Sr-aflr^hr^:^^,---- cS:SaI~ B
was at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the bat^S ofchicka fau^ '
Served most of the time as a teamster and was n all the campa g^^s
If^rlSr^''^ ■ ?^"^^«'-^^l «"t June 6. 1865. Lives at Danrfn.^":
ANDREW J. BAILEY. Age 19; born in Ross County Ohio-

SS'aKsvn f 'fn'thT ^'V'T'"''- ^"^"^^ ''' ''''■' was in^t'lJe batUe
S^iirSi J ^' ^^ TiUlahoma and Chickamauga campaigns- at

Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga In

t fin'l"" ^\'^ "^\^' ^" '^"^^^^ separated from his Regime fwh^n
It fell back before the rebel charge on the left, and joining an OhiS
regiment then coming up, fought with it until it. 00, wis driven
back with the loss of the color bearer and flag. The Colonel mi J
the men to recover the flag, but the fire was so severe, none wo?Id
go; then it was that Bailey volunteered to attempt the dangerous
mission. He rushed for the flag amidst a shower of bullets sfcired
It and leturnexi in safety: delivered the colors to the Colonel and
received his thanks. That was a brave act, but not the onlv one
He captured that day the flag of a Texas regiment. Bailev was at
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, Buzzard Roost, Resaca New
Hope .Church, Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree and Utov Creeks
Jonesboro Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and'
through the Carolinas to Bentonville, there finishing up his honorable

4« THE ONE HI' NDRED AND FOURTH

carper as a soldier. MuBtered out Juiu< G, 1865. He llveg ui
Aiuiubon. Iowa.*

DAVID HEAGLE. Enlisted from llroveland, AiigUHt 13, 1862.
desertiMl April 5. 1863.

JOHN t'OOl'EU EnliHted from Groveland. AuRUSt 9, 1K62; was
in the biiiile of Hartuville; in the Tullahonia and C'ljickaniauna
campaiKnt*: at Elk Uiver. DavlK CVokh KoadK and the battle of
rhlrknniniiKn. \Va« in the Atlanta campaign an«l battleH. in the
purNult of Hood, on the march to the t(ea and through the Carolinaii
to Ik'ntonvllle. MuHtered out June G, 1865.

ANDREW COLLINS. Enlisted from (Jroveland, August 9. 1862.
DischarRed for dlBability November 7, 18G3.

JOHN COYNE Enlisted from Oroveland. August 11. 18G2; was
in the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahonia ami ChickamauKa
campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Koads. the battles of ChU'ka-
maiiga. lx>okout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was wounded in the
breast in the latter battle. Took part in the Atlanta campaign, the
pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea and through the Caiolinas;
wounded again at lientonville. March 19. 1865. Mustered out July
6, 1S65.

ANTHONY CALLACJHAN. Enlisted from Groveland. August 9.
1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; In the Tullahonia and
Chiokamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, and the
battle of Chlckamauga. In the Atlanta campaign an<l battles; the
pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea. and through the Carolinas
to Rentonvllle. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives in Minnesota. Is
a farmer.

ELISHA M. DAVIS. Enlisted from Grovelan«l. August 9. 1862;
was in the battle of liartsville; In the Tiillahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and Chickamauga.
Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas to IJentonvllJe. Mustered out June 6. 1865.

HENRY C. lK)rc.LAS. Enlisted from Groveland. August 12.
1R62 was at the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahonia ajul
Chickamauun campaigns; in the actions of Elk River and Davis
Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga. Ixiokout .Mountain and
Mission Ri«lge. Killed in th«' latter battle November 2'.. 1SG3.

RICHARD EVERITT. Enlisted from Groveland. August 9. 1862;
was in th" Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahonia and Chickamauga < ampalKi's: at Elk River. Davis Cross
Roads. Chickamauga. 1/Ookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In
the .\tlanta camp.iign at Buzzard Roost. Resaca. New Hope i'hurc'i,
Kenesiiw Mountain. Peach Tn'e Creek. Itoy Creek, Jonesboro. Wa«
In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas to lU-ntonville. .Mustered out June G. 18G5.

NICHOLAS ELLENMO(M\ER. Enlisted from (Jroveland, August
9. J862; was in the Kentucky campaign; mortally wounded in the
battle of Hartsville. December 7, 1862. Died at (!allatin. Tenn.,
June 19. ISG.J.

JOHN ERIE Enlisted from (Jroveland. August l.l. 1862; he
was in the Kentucky campalKii and tin- battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma campalKl) '•<"< '■"■ Uiv. r n.h .nn .■ I (i.-l ;it ('..wan 'I<iiii
August 24. 1863.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 4Si<>

SAMUEL FOSTER. Enlisted from Groveland. August 9, 1802;
was in the battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahonia and ChickamauKa
campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads. Chickamauga. Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta (•am|)aign
at Huzzaid Roo,st, Resaca. New Hoi)e Church. Kenesaw .Mounlain.
Peat-h Tree and Utoy Creeks. .lonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood,
on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville,
always on hand. Mustered out June G. 1865.

PORTER HARKNESS. Age 31; born in Bradford County. Pa.;
farmer; enlisted from Groveland. August 9, 18()2; was in the battle
of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; in
the battle of Chickamauga. where he was wounded in the left hand.
Was in the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas. Mustered out .June (;. 1865. No fly-specks on the record.
Lives at Yankeetown, Woodford County, 111. Is a farmer.

GEORGE E. LEWIS. Age 17; born in Peru, 111.; farmer;
enlisted September 6. 1862. as a musician; was in the battle of
Hartsville, where he beat the long roll to "fall in," for the first time; in
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis
Cross Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. In the Atlanta
campaign, was present at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, Kenesaw
Mountain. Peach Tree Creek. Was on the march to the sea aiid
through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865.
Lives at Ottawa. 111. Is a farmer.

JOHN LAKIN. Age 22; born in England: farmer; enlisted from
Groveland. August 9. 1S62; marched with the Regiment to Frankfort,
Ky.. while there he disabled his right hand by an accideniai
discharge of his gun; sent to hospital at Louisville; taken witli
diphtheria; discharged for disability November 16. 1862; died a few
days after.

WILLIAM LAKIN. Age 18; born in England; farmer; enlisted
from Groveland. August 13. 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville
and in the Tullahoma campaign at Elk River; was in the battles of
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign
v.-as present at Buzzard Roost. Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the siege of Atlanta, Utoy Creek.
Jonesboro; in the pursuit of Hood; on the march to Savannah.
Was captured with Captain Ross at Stroud's Mill, S. C, February 26,
1865; sent to Libby; exchanged soon after. Mustered out June 6,
1865. Lives at Dorchester, Neb. Is a farmer.

ISAAC B. MULLIN. Enlisted from Groveland, August 9. 18b2;
discharged for disal)ility. June 16, 1863.

JOHN MARLBY. Enlisted from Groveland, August 9, 1862;
discharged for disability April 22, 1864.

WILLIAM M. McDonald. Enlisted from Groveland. August
9, 1862; discharged for disal)ility. June 23, 1863.

THOMAS MAHAN. Enlisted from Groveland. August 9. 1S62:
deserted May 1. 1863.

CHRISTIAN MILLER. Enlisted from Groveland. August 9. 1862;
was in the march to Bowling Green. Ky. Taken sick and die(i there
November 16. 1862.

ERASTl'S F. MAI>L0RY. Age 29; born in Rome, N. Y.; farmer;
enlisted from Groveland. August 9. 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and the battle of Hartsville. When the Regiment left
Chicago for the front in 18763, he was too sick to go and did not, on

4M THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOrRTH

account of continued and severe Bickness, again Join the RoKimeut
until DtH-t'oibtT ISC?. In the Atlanta runipiilKii )i<> was present at
liiitxiird KtMtHt and KeKJiia. At the latter place he was wounded In
'' " ! May H, 1SC4. the deltoid muKtle being severed;

f«»r further active wrvlce, but he retovero<l
i>';.:<i> Ml n^ .•.. t as nur»e in hospitals until musten-d out May 'J,
1S«'.5. He has lost one eye and otherwise sufTered ever sinee as tho
c(>i;S4>«|Uent-e of his ^^ound. Lives at liumillon, Iowa.

JOHN MOnuiC. Knllsteci from Uroveland. August 9, 1S62 Died
at I.,ouisville. N«iveinlM>r H, \siV2.

FKRNAMK) D. MrFADDKN. Age 2.'.; born In Fayette County.
Pn : »-rilisted from (;rove|iin«l. Aui;ust 9. lhiC2; was in the battle of
> • Hn<l in the Tullahoma eaniiuiltcn at KIk River. In the

< tiiia campalKn at Das is (.'ri*ss Hujids and the battle of

1 where he was wounded in the right foot. In the

linn he was present at Muzzard Roost. Resjica, New
)!■.■. « uui.u. Kenesaw Mountain. IVach Tree Creek, the siege of
.Xtl'inta. I'toy Creek, Joneshoro; was on the marth to the sea and*
throuRh the Carolinas; at Heniouville. Mustered out June G, IM'k
The roeor«l sjeaks for itself. Lives at l,Jiramle City, Wyoming. Iv
a farni'^r ami Ktoek raiser.

SAMl'KL B. MA LONE. Enlisted August 9, 1802; deserted
Dec.'niher 20, lS»i2.

HENRY T. MAItSH. Enlisted from Croveland. August 11, \isC2:
was in the battle of llartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamau|;u
campaigns- at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads. Killed in the
battle of Chiikamauga September 2<>. lHt>.'}.

.MERRITT .MALI.ORV. Enlisted from Groveland, August 12.
18H2: was In thv battle of Hnrtsville. I)ls«'harged for disability May
15. is».:j.

WISE A. MACKEY Enlisleu from Groveland, August 13. 1862;
de.««>rted D<Tenili''r 2't, 1SC2.

N. H. MTLLEN. Enlisted from Groveland. August 9, 18r.2; was
In the Kfntucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; wounded
sllghtiv In the leg: ilischarged March V). 1SG4. Lives In Calilornln.

ANGELO A. NEWTON. Enlisted from (Jroxeland. August 9.
ls»;2: was In the battle of Hartsville. Died at Cincinnati, December
2J, isr.2.

JOHN H. OVERMAN. Enlisted from C.ioveland. August 9, 1S62.
Die<l al l.oMirivill«' September 21, 1st;.!.

JAMES C. roWEI.L. Enlisted from Groveland. August 9. 1S62.
Dituharged f«ir ilisability December 3o, 1862.

ANDREW I'ONTS. Enliste.i from Groveland. August 9. 1862;
was in the Kentucky iani|>aign and battle of Hartsville; slightly
grounded In the thigh; In the Tullahoma and Chi(*kamaiiga
campaigns- at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads. Chlckamauga. Ix>ok-
out .Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign
and battles; in the ptirsuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas to lientonville. Mustered out June «;, I8tir>.

.M.XRK IMRVIANCE. Age 20; born In JefTerson C..unty. Ohio;
farni'T ••nllNted .\tigusl 12. IM'i2; was in the Kentiuky campnign;
woumleit through the neck at Hartsville. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Ibizzxird Roost. Resnca. New Ho|m' Church. Kene-
luiw Mountain. l*ea< h Tree Cn»ek. I'toy Creek. Jonesboni; on the
march to the H4>a nn<l through the Cnrolinas; at Hentonvlile. Mus-

I REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS, „,

OSCAR L. Robinson' a^p T^ ' •

farmer; enlisted from GrovelamrAutusri" ix.". J^<^"°»ngton. Vt.;
of Hartsville; in the Tulla1"oL fnf rhiL^ ''*''"'" ^^
present at Elk River, Dav s C^oL Ro.r.J n^7''''t' '■^'"il«'ig»s:
niauga. Lookout Mounain and Mission RdUi ''''''^" ""^ <'''"-•'^^-
paign at Buzzard Roost Resa a lieu u^ !?u ^" ^''^ ^^'^^''^'^ '^^ni-
tain. Peach Tree Creek Utov Ci'eek i^n ''1 ^'''''^' ^^"««^^^v Moun-
of Hood, on the march to the sea anS Jf'"' .'!f' *" ^'''^ '^'"^'''t
BentonviUe. Mustered out jZ\ t\^' ^^S i^:n^-';ri:l

18«2;'r?n^,?ehaTJ5^Lrtl"it*^1n^;•^^ ^"^-^ ^.

mauga campaigns; at EkRiv;rJ)a4^ '''''' ^''^"-■'^^-

mauga. In the Atlanta canipltgn and hJtHp! '^^ '^"^^ ^''^'"■'^^-

to the sea and through the Ca -ol^n^i m V ^'"'''^ ''" ^'^^ ™''^''^"
Resides in Nebraska Ca.olinas. Mustered out June 12. 1805.

Augus'J^t.''^s'^2.'^.l^s''-in the' KentuJT '"^ ""^^^"^-^ ^^''"^^••^ -'-^ed

In the battles of h^A hmta c-^^^ai^^^^^^^^ '"'"' ^^i'''^'^" ^''^S^-

SAMUEL READ. Enlisted Aup-n<3t q isco. i • ,^

Deserted April 1 1S63 ^^^^ August 9, 1862; born in England.

of Hartsville the actions of Fli Ri i i ' ^'^^ '" ^^^^ '^^^tle

17, S^ ^'^^'^"- ''^"'*"^ ^"^"^' 1- 1S62; deserted December

iq1o^°^^^^^^'^ SNYDER. Enlisted from Groveland August 11
1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; wounded; in thtactions of Elk
River Davis Cross Roads, the battles of Chickanlaugr Looko
Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta camjiTgn was prese
Pea^rTrS CiS ^T'^', '','}' Hope Church. Kenelaw Soiriur.

7';T8t.^M:ist:r:cVour.?ri6' Ss^'^ '^'^^^' ^^ "'^«^' ^••^^'^- ^^^-^

ABRAHAM SMOCK. Enlisted August 9, 1862; was in the Ken-
for disaS:^" ''"'' ''^"'' "' H^^^«^'^"^- Discharged June 16, 1863.

i8«9^^^^^-^^.u^^'S^^^^^^- ^°"«t^d f'-^'^ Groveland, August 12
1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsv'ilTe; in

4M THE ONK rtl'NDREl' AN1» KoritTH

the Tullahoiua and Cbickamauga eampaiKns and battles. Trans-
ferred to Invalid Corps. Junt* L'l. 1864.

JOHNSON THAVKK. KnllKifd from (iroveland, AuRUst 9, 1862;
was in thf K«-ntiuk> cunipalKn and battle of llartsvilU*; wounded In
the hand Oied at Culunibiis. ()., iHM-eniber :i6. 186:;.

JKHUV TMOMl'SON Kniisted from Groveland. August 9. 1862.
DiM-harKed for disability IVrember Ih. 1862.

HAKTON W. TAVhOK. Enlisted from Groveland, August d,
1862. Transferred to New York regiment and honorably dis-
charged Adjutant CJeneral's report is Mrong.

HAKVEY W. THAVER. Enlisted from CJroveland. August 9,
1862: farmer: was in tiie Kentucky campaign. .Mortally wounded at
Hartsville. December 7. 1802. Died December lu. 1862.

DAKIIS F. TKASK. Age 29; born in Cortland County. N. Y.;
farnn-r: enlisted from Uroveland. August 9. 18G2; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. In the Tullahoma and
Chickanuiuga campaigns; at Elk l^iver. Davis Cross Koads. the
battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Kidge. In
the Atlanta eatnpaign was at Huzzard Uoost, Uesitca and New Hope
Church. Wounded in the arm at the hitter place, June 6. 1864; laid
up six we«-ks, but rwovered and was at I'each Tree Creek, the dally
sklrnilshes around and siege of Atlanta. I'toy I'reek. Jonesboro.
Was in the i)ursuit of Hood, on tin- march to the sea and through
the Carolinas; at lientonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Is a
farmer at Cimarron. Kan.

JAMES J. TUAVEU. Enlisted from (Iroveland. August 9. 1862;
farmer; wounde<l severely In the face at the battle of Hartsville.
In the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; was at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads; the battles of (Miickamauga. Ix)okout .Mountain
and Mission Ridge. Was wounded in the arm in the latter battle.
Took part In the Atlanta camiiainn at liuzzard Roost. Resaca. New
HojM- Church. Kenesaw .Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks,
Jonesboro. In iIk- pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and
through the Carolinas to Meiuonvllle. .Mustered out June 6. l.sO.'i.

ROHERT niUCE WINA.NS. Enlisted from (Iroveland. .\ug»ist
9. 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville.
where he was slightly wounded. In the Tullahoma. an«l Chicka-
mauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roails and the battle
of Chickamauga. At Ix)okout Mountain and .Mission Ridge, the
skirmishes following; at Huzzard Roost. Rewica, New Hope Church,-
Kenesjiw .Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro. Was
In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea ami the campaign
of the Carolinas. also the battle of lientonville. .No better soldi, i
ever shouldered a musket or found n chicken. Mustered out June
6. 186.%. hives at Dana, III.

JOHN K WILLIA.MS. Enlisted from tJroveland. August 9.
1862: diKcliarged January 7, 18«h5.

KEWIri WI.N.XNS. Age 24; born in Cireene (^ounty, N. Y.:
fatnwr. enlisted from (iroveland, August 9. 1862; was in the battle of
Hartsville, in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campniRnR: •>< I<lk
River. Davis Cross Roads, the battle of Chickamauga. Was at Muz-
card Roost. Resaca. New Hope Chunh, Kenesaw .Mountain. I'each
Thh* and Cloy Creeks. Jonesboro; In the pursuit of Hoo<l, on the
march lo the tM-a and through the Carolinas; at Hentonville. .Mus-
tered out June 6, 1H6.^. Is a farmer at Flanagan. 111.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 493

STATISTICS OF COMPANY I.

Total enlistment 82

Killed and mortally wounded « G

Wounded 19

Discharged for wounds 1

Discharged for disability 17

Died of disease 7

Died in prison 1

Resigned 2

Mustered out June 6, 18G5 30

Mustered out at other dates 5

Transferred to Invalid Corps 2

Transferred to New York regiment 1

Rejected 1

Deserted 8

Known to be living (December, 1894) 24

< IIAI'TKli XXXUl.

• 'ompiiiiy K H..SS aiKi Where Organlxed— Roster and Hlogra-

SKETCH OF COMPANY K.
This ri»iii|i:iii\ \\;is imiiii cd in I'ciii Mini \itiiii(y l»y
.1. NN'. I'liliiHT :iii<l .loscpli r. I'iizsiiiiiiiuiis. Tlif iimmi
w«M«* liar»l\ :nnl insiily all ninlrr t hiriy vimts of ai:<-. A
lar;i«' majority \\«m<' native Ihuii aii<l many of (icrmaii
ami Irish |»an'nla;;c. Tln-y urrr w ell til t«*<| to <'n«lur<' t he
hai<lshi|is of a sohlirf's lif«'. ri»'foi«» ;:oiii^ to tin* < ani|>
a I < >t taw a, .1 Mst ns W. I'aiim'i-, w ho hail I mm mi a im-mlMT
of th«* l^llswoiih /onivi's in ('hi(aj;o, tln'ii liviiiLT in
IN-ni. was rlcrtcd < 'apiain. Itrftuv leavinj;, I In- la<li<'s of
I'oi M. throii^ih Miss .Minnio I'anl. ]H-«*s<*nt«M| a iM-aniifiil
silk tla^^ to tin* roini»any. At (Mtawa. Joseph I*. Titz-
simmoiis was ehMted IMrsi Lieutenant ami (Mis S.
l'a\or SeromI Lieutenant. A<loi|ili Spiitstosser was a]i-
pointeU Kiist Serjeant, ami I'laiiU M, Sajtp, William
W'inslow. riiailes (J. Iliii ierwe«-U, ami Atlolph Slin;;;-
man, Sei-;ieanls. The follow in;;: w<'re appointed ( 'or-
poials: (Jeoi'^je Alexander, William II. Trai;::, H«'nj.
SntelilT. Cieorp' Wine, I'rederiiU <i. McLaiii. William
Wilmarih. I'ramis M. Wood, i:ii \:. .\l<.lVni. .Many
ehan^es s(Min omirred anion;; t he *iion »oniinissione«l
oHirers and esperially after the hatth* of llarts\ille.
Thus or«;anized Comjiany K had the ad\anta;;«' at lirst
of Itein;; olVneied hy nn'ii of experiem e, one of whom,
Lieiitemint I'it/simmons. had seen active servic** in the
I'irst Illinois ( 'aN airy. I leme, ( 'oinpany K berame one
of the JM-st drilled in the Ke^imeiit and was assi;:ned
to the left tlank as a sUirmish company, in the liattle
of llartsville, Teiin., it receixed the lirst lire of the
enemy and fon;;hl bravely until pr«ssed lia«k b\ the
overwhejmiiij; iiiasses of the rebels. .losejdi r. .\inold
wa»i moriallv wounded and a number wcuinded. >ome

Caotain Joseph P. F asmmons. Ccmpany K

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. ,,5

severely. Captain I'ain,,.,- i-.-si^ni,," i,, n,i.. , ■

with cax.dit'i„ ev.in bX ; , M « s'luv"'"'""''' ""•"■
on the ski,-„,ish Mm. a. I <■ i ,' I •? V'"""""'"

ROSTER OP THE COMPANY
CAPTAIN JUSTUS W PAI MFR a^^ o<
rapher; was a member of' the Elkwnrth^y ^^^ "^^•V"''^^'«"- Ph«tog-
helped recruit Company K with Jose^J P °ph?' '"'°'"" ^^'^ ^^■^'•••
elected and commissionecl CaDt-iin pWt. f'.. ^^^*''"'™''"^- ^"'^ ^^'^s
but not commissioned taken nr^nnJrl^^^^' ^'^^ "^^ Regiment,
pany at Columbus and S cai Te 'vnln^r.'''^'''^ ^^'"» ^'^^ ^•«'"-
heard of in Kansas. '-'^'^^S^^- R^'signed February 28, 1863. Last

CAPTAIN JOSEPH P FITZSTMlunNr<3 x,^ . „.
Ohio, Mav 5, 1835 When he It. \ ^*"'" '" S*^'"'^ Countv,

life while rescuing J d: owni g n "n 'TaL°"' '*' ''^''''' '«^^ '^'"^
learned the trade of a nrtTern ,nfu °- ^f^^''' 7°""^ Fitzsimmons
and Bloomington H^ enl sted i^tt^ f 'I n?'^^'^ '" ^'''''' ^''''>"^
1861, as chief bug er of Comn^^^^ l"'"«*^ Cavalry July 31.

having been taken pnsrjr at levin t^'^'tr^^^ ^"^°^^^^
parole. Re-enlisted the Ln!A ^^^"' ^^''- ^"^' released on

non-commissioneTL"«^^a^;l^:™ dt?rS '^8^^ ^^ '""^

sisted ,n the organization of Company k"^ in iugust IsA \n^i^ ^''
elected First Lieutenant and commissioned hvr'T' !; ^^^ "^^^

ticfpated in ,he Atlanta campalg^ arBtizzaS RoL, oT'^'u "\-''''''"

Cer"tT„rnr?„-?ns'?S^

Kenesaw Mountain and the batUe ot prach T?ee Creekf thl/ngagj-

4« THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

menu befor* Atlanta and at Uloy Crwk. At Iho latter place he was
killed by :i rebel sharpHhooter while In the art of puttinK a rail on
the wirlhworkH thrown up by our men In front of the tMu-iiiy. In ;i
Ifller lonv.yinK InteiliKiMne home of his death. Colonel llapenum
Hald of him "He wan brave and Keni-rouK. and beloved by ortlefrs and
men." Although a rigid dlH«lpllniirlan an<l hlrlcl In the ••nforeemeni
of military rulea. he wum most fompinil<»u"lde and always ready to
IMirth'lpate with hl« mi-n in the amuwmentK of tamp life. He wa«
c-onHtltutlonally fearlesu and always ready to volunteer for the most
rl»ky wrvlee. or to lead In a ilangerous anil doubtful eneounler.
He posHi'Ssed a vlRorous physique, aitive t«-mperan«ent and keen
Intellect, and won anti deserveil the appellation of tin' bravest of
the brave." At the ihne of his death he was the senior captain
with the KeRlment. His body was burled with that of SerReant Craig,
who fell a few moments after him at the same place.

CAKrAIN FRANK M. SAIM'. Age 24; born in Hureau County.
III.; was ptiblisher and editor of the Peru lleralil when he enlisted
In August. iSfiL'. He took a prominent part in the organization of the
Regiment and Company; was appointe«l and mustered as Second
Sergeant and served with his command in the Kentucky and Ten-
ne8s«'e campaigns, and the battle of Hartsvllle. Was promoted Sec-
ond Lieutenant February JS. \SlVA. He was In the Tullahoma and
Chlckamauga campaigns; at KIk River. Davis Cross Roads and the
battle of Chlckanuiuga. In the latter he was badly wounded in the
right shoulder, from which lie has never recovered. He was pro-
moted First Lieutenant. July 23. lStJ4. and Captain August 7. 18tt4,
but did not muster in the two latter grades because unable to rejoin
the Regiment. While disabled he conimandeil a company In Nabh-
vllle for two months. He re^Jgnod September 23. 1H«4. on account
of wounds and chronic diarrhea. Captain Sapp was able, efllclent
and brave, and left the seivice with regret. He has Ihmmi for many
years editor and part owner of the Ottawa Republiian. one of the
most Inlluentlal newspapers in the state. He lives at Ottawa. 111.

CAI'TAIN CIIARLKS C.. HI TTKRWKCK. Age i;»; born In tier-
many; <lerk; eiilislerl from I'eru, July. lSt;2; electeil Sergeant. He
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsvllle. Appointed
First Sergeant in March. lSf.3. He took part in the Chlckamauga
campaign at Davis Cross Roads and the first day's battle of Chlcka-
mauga. where he was wounded by a piece of shell; was not again
with the Regiment until the latter part of November, isti.l. In the
Atlanta campaign he was at Resaca and wouikUmI in the right hand;
absent until tlu- latter part of July. lKt!4. Commissioned First Lieu-
tenant, also Captain. Augtist 7. lSf.4. He was on the march to the
wa; left sbk with typhoid fever In Savannah and was In the hos-
pital there and at Raleigh and Washington. Discharged May 15.
1865. Is now a farmer near Uicon. III.

FIRST LIFITKNANT OTIS S. FAVOR. Age 22; born in Bos-
ton. Mass.; bookki-eper. Knilsted In June. 1X02; was engaged In
recruiting men for the Kighty-ninth Illinois; subseciuently joined
Company K, of which, on the organization, he was elected Second
Lieutenant. He took part in the Kentucky campaign and battle of
llJirtsvllle. Was promoted First Lietitenant F«'bruary 2S. ISC..?. Was
In the Tullahoma and a pJirt of the Chlckanuiuga campaign. In the
Atlauta campaign at Huzzanl R«M»st. Resaca. and New Hope Church.

Sergt. W. H. Craig, Co. K.
Jos. Burkart. Co. K.
Capt. F. M. Sapp, Co. K.

Corp. A. L. Mason, Co. F.
Lieut. W. Winslow, Co. K.
Sergt. E. R. Moffitt, Co. K.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTKER«. 497

Resigned near Dallas, Ga., July 23, 1S64. Lives in Chicago an.l is
engaged in the mercantile business.

FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM WINSLOW. Age 19; born in
Niles, Mich.; enlisted from Peru, August 14. 1862; appointed Ser-
geant; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Harlsville. In
the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis
Cross Roads and the battle of Chickmauga. In the battles of Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge. He was present in the Atlanta
campaign at Buzzard Roost, of Rocky Face, the battles around
Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy
Creeks, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to
the sea and through the Carolinas; at Benton ville. Commissioned
First Lieutenant October 28, 1864, and took command of the com-
pany. Was mustered out June 6. 1865; was the only commissioned
officer in the company. Is a merchant at Freeport, lil.

SERGEANT ADOLPH SPLITSTOSSER. Enlisted from Peru,
August 8. 1862; appointed Sergeant. He was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville, where he was wounded. Discharged
for wound and disability April 27, 1863.

SERGEANT ADOLPH SLINGMAN. Enlisted from Peru, Au-
gust 9, 1862; appointed Sergeant. He was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battles of
Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was taken
sick and discharged for disability, January 24, 1864. He died soon
after the close of the war. He was a brave and dutiful soldier.

SERGEANT WILLIAM H. CRAIG. Enlisted at Peru, August
9, 1862; appointed Corporal; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads and the battle of Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge. Present in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard
Roost, of Rocky Face, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Moun-
tain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks. On August 7, 1864, while the
Regiment was in line of battle, a part engaged in throwing up
works, and a part firing on the enemy, the brave Sergeant was killed
by a rebel sharpshooter, the ball passing through his head from one
ear to the other. In his death the company lost a gallant soldier
and one who was loved by all.

SERGEANT FREDERICK G. McLAIN. Enlisted at Peru, August
8, 1862; appointed Corporal; was in the battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River and Davis
Cross Roads: in the the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ridge; in the Atlanta campaign he was at Buzzard
Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree
and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro; on the march to the sea and through
the Carolinas to Bentonville. He was a brave and true soldier and
also a writer of ability, as shown by his letters written from the front
and published at the time. He is quoted elsewhere in this history.
Was mustered out as First Sergeant, June 6, 1865. When last heard
from lived at DuQuoin, 111.

SERGEANT FRANCIS M. WOOD. Enlisted at Peru, August 5,
1862; appointed Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville. Promoted Sergeant. Discharged April 27, 1863; dis-
ability.

i» THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

SEKU.EANT Ehl K. MOFFITT. Age 25; boru In Pennsylvania;
«-;:M-t«-(l at IVrii. AiiRtist U, lSii'2; appointed Coriionil; in the Tulla-
i ruiiipaiKii and at Klk Ulver. also in the battles of Lookout
M .:.iaiii and Mission UldKe: present in the Atlanta campaign at
Kiizzard Koost, UeKiica. New Ho|k' C'hureh. Kenesaw Mountain,
I'eaih Tn-e and I'toy Ureeks. Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of
Hooil. on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Uen-
tonvllle. Promoted Sergeant for meritorious services. Mustered out
June G. 18(>5. He had previous to enlisting in One Hundred and
Fourth, served in I'ompany A, Finjt Illinois Cavalry. Now lives at
Adrian. Mich.

SEKCIKANT HAHIUSON HOLCOMH. Enlisted at Peru. August
14, IsOl*; was at Hartsville; in the Tullahonia and Uhickaniauga
campiiigns; at Klk Kiver. Davis Cross Uoads. Chickamauga. I>ook-
out .Mountain and Mission Hidge. Was at Muzsutrd Koost , Resaca.
New Ho(>e Church. Kenesiiw Mountain. Was on the march to the
sea and through the Carolinas to Hentonville. Promoted Sergeant
for meritorious services. Mustrred out June G. 1805.

CORPOUAL C,p:oRC.E ALEXANDER. Age 31; born in Roches-
ter. N. Y.: enlisted at Peru. August 11, 18G2; api>oinled Corporal;
discharged October 11, 1802; disability. He had served previously
in Companv A, First IlllnoiK Cavalrv. Lives in Dubuque, la.

CORPORAL HENJAMIN SITCLIFF. Enlisted from Hennepin.
Aug\ist 14, 1S02; appointed Corporal; was in the Kentucky campaign
and ba(tl)- of Hartsville. Discharged in January. 1SG3; disitbility.

CORKiRAL CEORC.E WINE. Enlisted from Peru. August 14.
1SG2; appointed Corporal; was In the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville; In the Tullahonia campaign at Elk River, where he
was killed by a solid shot from the rebel battery. Sergeant .Motflt
dodging the same ball Just In time. Corporal Wine was a brave
soldier.

CORPORAL WH^LIAM WILMARTH. Enlisted from Peru, Au-
gust 14. ls»".2: was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Harts-
ville. I)i!?iharg<'d April 27. IStUJ; disjibiiity.

CORPORAL WILLIAM HARTO.V. Enlisted from Peru. August
18, 1862; was in the battle of Hartsville; at Elk River, the action of
Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain
and Mission Ri<lge. Present In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard
Roost. Resaca, New Hope Church, and the battles of the Regiment
around Kenesaw Mountain. Taken sick and transferred to the
Invalid Corps. January 31. 18G4. When last heard from was a resi-
dent of Kansas.

CORI'OR.AL THO.MAS S. CONLEY. Enlisted from Peru. Au-
gust i:!, l.st;2; was in the* battle of Hartsville; the actions of Elk
River and Davis Cross Roads; the battles of Chickamauga. Lookout
.Mountain an<l Mission Ridge. Captured In the S«*(iiiatchle N'alley,
but escapi'd: was at liuzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hojk' Church.
Kenesaw .Mountain. Peach Tree Cn^'k. Again captured and sent to
.\ndersonvllle. again escaped and was In the Carolina campniKn.
Mustered out as Cor|Kjral for meritorious services, June 6, 1865.
Lived in P\iUwim Coilnty after the war.

CORpOR.\L JO.SEPH DIEIEY. Age 18; born In Pennsylvania;
fariiicr; enllMted from Lii .Salle. August S. 1862; was in the Kentucky
> •"ii,;iij»n and Imttlc of HartHvllb'; in the Tullahonia i-ampaign at
I'.lk RIviT \S"^ \" '•"■ iiattle of Chickamauga. where he wa«

Lieut. Otis S. Favor, Company K.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.

499

wounded in the right hip September 20, 1863; promoted Corporal
Discharged February 24, 1865; disability. He also served in Com
pany A, First Illinois Cavalry. Lives in La Salle Is a masoi

CORPORAL FREDERICK FIENHOLD Age LI born in Ger-
many; farmer; enlisted August 14, 1862; was in the Kentuckv rin-
paign and battle ot-^Hartsville; in the TuUahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads. In the batUes of
Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge Was present
in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church
Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro Took
part m the pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea and through the
Carolinas to Bentonville. Promoted Corporal for meritorious
services. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Is now a prosperous farmer
at Kenwood, la., and smiles with satisfaction at the thought of his
continuous career of army service in the cause of the Union

CORPORAL JAMES F. ALLEN. Enlisted from Hennepin Au-
gust 16, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Harts-
ville; promoted Corporal; in the TuUahoma campaign at Elk River;
in the battle of Chickamauga. Was taken sick during the siege of
Chattanooga and died March 25. 1864; much regretted. His father
will be remembered by the company for bringing them provisions
at Elk River, and his presence in the fighting there

GEORGE PITZER. Age 25; born in Rutland, La Salle Countv;
enlisted August 15, 1862, as musician; was in the Kentucky cam-
paign and battle of Hartsville; in the TuUahoma and Chickamauga
campaigns; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mis-
sion Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign and battles. Mustered
out June 6, 1865. Is a farmer iti Rutland.

ALBERT ALLMAN. Enlisted from Peru, August 28, 1862; dis-
charged October 11, 1862; disability.

JOSEPH P. ARNOLD. Enlisted from Granville, Putnam
County, August 13, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of Hartsville, where he was mortally wounded while on the skirmish
line, December 8, 1862. He was the first man to fall in that battle.

CHARLES N. BROWN. Age 24; born in Bureau County, 111.;
enlisted from Peru, August 5, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign
and battle of Hartsville, where he was severely wounded. Dis-
charged for wound, December 26, 1862, and died in 1863 from the
effects. •

JOSEPH BURKART. Age 24; born in Baden. Germany;
laborer; enlisted from Peru, August 11, 1862; was in the Kentucky
campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the TuUahoma and Chicka-
mauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga,
Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. In the Atlanta campaign
was present at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church. Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek; the skirmishes in front of Atlanta and
at Utoy Creek, where, August 13, 1864, he was wounded in the hip
and the wound dressed on the field by Surgeon Dyer. He was sent
to hospital, but rejoined the Regiment at Kingston, Ga.. and was
on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville.
Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at La Salle, 111.; prosperous in
business and a member of the Board of Supervisors of La Salle
County.

ROBERT BELL. Age 19; born in Ireland; enlisted from Peru,
August 14, 1862; he was in the Kentucky campaign and the battle

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

Of Hartsville, where he was severely wounded in the left thigh.
Discharged for wound, April 27, 18G3. Resides at Chntsworth. 111.

.Mll/ruN H. m SUNKLL. Age 19; born in Princeton, 111.; con-
irartor and buihh-r; i-nlistcd at I'eru. August 14. \M2: was in the
Kt'iiiucky raniimlgn and battle of IlartHville; in the Tullahoma and
Chltkamauga rani|>aignK; at Elk Kiver, tin* action of DaviB Cross
Roads anil the baltU- of Chirkamauga. lie was in the battles of
Lookout Mountain and Mission Kidge. He took part in the skirmishes
of th<> Heglnicnt following that battl«>, and was present at Buzzard
Roost, of Uwky Fare, the battb-s aroun<l Hesaca, New Hoik? Church;
the battles around Kenesaw Mountain; was at Peach Tree and Utoy
Creeks, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to
(he Kelt and through a |>art of the Carolina campaign. On the 2Gth
of February, 1KG'». was one of a party of foragers commanded by
Captain Ross, sent out while the Regiment lay near the Catawba
River. S. C. The party was surrounded by rebel cavalry at Stroud's
Mill on Fishing Cre<»k, and after killing five or six rebels, was
obliged to surrender, none escaping except McCorniick anti Merrilt.
Hushnell was sent to Libby Prison, but soon exchanged, and was
mustered out May 29, 1865. at Springfleld. III. He lives in Chicago
and is a contractor.

THOMAS HIRROWS. Enlisted August 12. 1862; was in the
Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville: in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga ranipaigns at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the
battle of Chickaniauga. Died at Chattanooga. October 24, 1863. The
Company and Regiment lost a good soldier.

JA.MES lUR.MI.NC.HA.M. Enlisted August 14. 1802; was in the
battle of Hartsville, Disiharged April 27. isO;}; disability.

CHARLES HIRK. Enlisted from Peru. August ir>, 1862; was In
the battle of Hartsville. the actions of Davis Cross Roads; the battle
of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and .Mission Ridge. In the At-
lanta cami>aigns and battles. In the pursuit of Hood, on the march
to the sea and through the Carolinas to Rentonville. Mustered out
June 6. 1865. He was always on hand.

JACOB BCRKART. Enlisted August 11, 1S62; was apiwinted
Sergeant, but was reduced to the ranks at his own request. He
WHS in the battle of Hartsville, the actions of Elk River and Davis
Cros.x Roads: the battles of Chickamauga. I.,ookout .Mountain and
.Mtssloif Ridge. Was In the pursuit of Hood; on the march to the
sea. Mustered out June 6, 1865.

JOSEPH CARNEY. Age 26; enlisted August 11. 1862; was in
the battle of Hartsville. the actions of Elk River. Davis Cross Roads,
and the battle of Chickamatiga. where he was captured; was in An-
dersonvllle; ex<hanged in April. 1865. Mustered out June 28. 1865.
Lives in l>*e County. 111.; is a farmer.

HENRY A. CHAPIN. Enlisted from Iji Salle, August 20. 1862;
was at Hartsville. Discharged April 30, 1864; disability. Lives In
Chicago.

Jf)HN P. DOWLINC.. Enlisted from Peru, August 8. 1862; de-
M'rted Febriiary 17. 1S63.

FREDERICK IK)RI. Enlisted Atigust 9. 1862; was In the battle
of Hartsville. the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; the
battles of Chickanuiuga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ri<lge. Buz-
zard Roost, Resaca, S'ew Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain, Peach

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 501

Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Mustered out June G. 1865. Died
soon after the war.

SAMUEL DIEFENBAUGH. Enlisted August 14. 1862; dishonor-
ably- discharged. See Adjutant General's report.

LOUIS ENGEL. Enlisted August 11, 1862; was in the battle of
HartsviUe, the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads the
battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was
at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain,
in front of which he was wounded June 21, 1864; was in the pur.suit
of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Ben-
ton ville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Ladd Bureau
County, 111.

JOHN ENZMINGER. Enlisted August 14, 1862; was In the
battle of HartsviUe; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns.
Discharged Janury 19, 1864; disability. Lives in Chicago.

GEORGE FIFE. Enlisted August 14, 1862; was in the battle of
HartsviUe and in the Tullahoma campaign. Deserted Januarv 14
1864.

VALENTINE FEIST. Enlisted August 14, 1862; deserted Mav
1, 1863.

JAMES GATTY. Enlisted from Hennepin, August 14, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of HartsviUe; in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads;
the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge.
Transferred to Invalid Corps, January 20, 1864.

ERNEST GERBER. Enlisted from Hennepin, August 9, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign. Discharged February 4, 1863; dis-
ability.

ANDREW A. HART. Enlisted from Hennepin, August 12, 1S62;
was in the battle of HartsviUe, and wounded severely there. Took
part in all the campaigns and in several battles; was teamster. Mus-
tered out June 6, 1865.

GEORGE HALL. Enlisted from Hennepin, August 12, 1862;
deserted May 20, 1863.

GEORGE W. HOSS. Age 22; born in Ohio; enlisted from Peru.
August 5, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Harts-
viUe; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River,
Davis Cross Roads, Chickamauga; at Lookout Mountain and Mis-
sion Ridge. Present in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost.
Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree Creek
and Utoy Creek, Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on the march to
the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Mustered out
June 6, 1865. Lives near Lincoln, Neb.

MARTIN HAYDEN. Enlisted from Peru, August 5, 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and battle of HartsviUe. Discharged
January 3, 1864; disability.

GEORGE HAHN. Age 20; born in Germany: farmer; enlisted
from Peru, August 9, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle
of HartsviUe; in the Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at
Elk River, Davis Cross Roads, and the battle of Chickamauga.
where he was wounded, September 20, 1863. while on the skirmish
line. He was in the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost, Resaca,
New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks,
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, and on the march to the

iO-' THE ONE HL'NDRED AND FOURTH

tea and northwurdB to BenlonvlIU*. MuHiered out June 6. 1865. Ltves
in Hun'uu Couniy.

MOHITZ HOYEU. EnllBled from IVru. August 16. 1862; was in
the biittlf of HurtHvill(> uiid the TullHtiunm canipuiKn. Taken sielc
and died lit I>»Hherd. Tenn., October 11, l»>ti3.

UKUMAN JINE. KnIiBted from IVru. AurubI H. 1862; de-
serted lKM«'iiiber L'O, 1S62.

fHAKI.KS KNAPI*. Knlinted from Peru. AuRUHt I», 1802; was
in the buttle of HartKvllle. tlie artloiiH of Klk Hlver and Davis Cross
Koads; the battles of Chii-kamauKa. Lootiout Mountain and Mission
Hidfce. Was in the Atlanta oampaiKn and battles. In the pursuit of
Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Ben-
tonvllle. .Mustered out June 6, 18G5.

JOHN H. KOHK. Age 17; born In Peru; laborer; was in the
battle of Hartsville; the actions of Klk River and Davis Cross Roads;
the battles of Chickanuiuga. lx>okout Mountain and Mission Rid^e.
Huzsard Roost. Rewica. New Hope Chun-h. Kenesiiw Mountain.
Peach Tree and I'toy Creeks. Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on
the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. John
took It all in. .Mustered out June t;, 1st;.".. Lives in I'eru.

JOHN IJNDE.MKYER. Enlisted August 12, 1862; was In the
Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and
Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross Roads and
Chlckamauga; wounded in the latter battle. Was at lx>okout Moun-
tain and .Mission Ridge; in the Atlanta campaign and battles; the
pursuit of Hood, the march to the sea and through the Carolinas.
Mustered out June 6. lSt;r>. Lives at Troy Grove.

FREDERICK LANC.E. Enlisted from I^ Salle, Atigust 14. 18G2;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tulla-
homa and Chickamauga <ampaigns: at Elk River. Davis Cross
Roads. Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was
in all the battles of the .Atlanta cami)aign: the pursuit of Hood, the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Uentonvllle. Mus-
tered out June G. 180.'.. Nit living.

JOHN LE.MHKE. Enlist«'<l from Hennepin. August 10. 1S02; was
at Hartsville, Davis Cross Roads. Chickamauga. Ix)okout Mountain
ami Mission Ridge. In all the battles of the Atlanta campaign: at
I{U7.7ard Roost. Resaca. New Hope Church. Kenewiw Mountain. Peacli
Tree and I'toy Creeks. Was in the ixirsult of Hood, on the march to
the sea end through the Carolinas to Uentonvllle. Mustered out June
6. 180r>. He saw it all.

HENRY LIKE. Enlisted from Peru. August 11, 1802; had
previously served In Company A. First Illinois Cavalry: was In the
battle of Hartsville. the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross Roads;
the battles of Chickamauga. l^)okout .Mountain and .Mission Ridge.
Was in the battles of the Atlanta cam|>i.ign. in the pursuit of Hood,
on th" njnrch to the sea anci through the Carolinas to HentonvilU'.
Mustered out June 0. 180.'».

FRANK .MACRER. Age 18; born in dermany; enlisted Augtist
14. 1802; was in the Chickamauga campaign and battle of Chicka-
mauga: at lookout .Mountain an<l Mission Ridge; was a faithful and
brave soldier. DiB<harged Janiuiry lH, 1804; disability. Lives in
pent. Ill

MICHAEL MILLER. Enlisted from Im Salle, August 14, 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; nccldentally

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.

50:1

drowned in the Ohio River, December, 18(J2, while on the way to
Camp Lew Wallace.

THOMAS MULCAY. Enlisted from Troy Grove, August 11. 1862;
was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville. where he
was wounded severely: discharged for wound, May 29 isr,3

HENRY MERKEL. Age 24; born in Germany; ' enlisted from
Troy Grove, August 11, 1862; was in the battles of ilartsville, Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge. He was in the Atlanta campaign
at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain
Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of
Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Ben-
tonville. Was wounded at Resaca, May 14, 1864. Mustered out June
6, 1865. Lives at Peru, 111.

THOMAS McGRAW. Enlisted August 18. 1862; deserted Septem-
ber 30, 1862.

MICHAEL McDERMOTT. Enlisted August 18, 1862; was in the
battle of Hartsville. The Adjutant Generals report says: "Deserted
January 14, 1863, returned." He did return and served through the
war with credit.

MICHAEL McNOON. Enlisted August 15, 1862. Deserted January
14, 1863.

JOHN McCONNELL. Age 32; born in Ohio; farmer; enlisted Au-
gust 16, 1862; was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Harts-
ville; at Elk River and Davis Cross Roads; in the battles of Chicka-
mauga. Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. Was in the Atlanta
campaign; at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks, Jonesboro. Was in the
pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas
to Bentonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Lives at Meriden, la.
Is a farmer and as successful as he was in fighting for his country.

CHARLES M. McKEON. Enljsted from Peru, August 11, 1862;
deserted December 1. 1862.

MARTIN MELECK. Enlisted from Peru, August 9, 1862; was
in the battle of Hartsville; the actions of Elk River and Davis Cross
Roads; the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission
Ridge. Was in the Atlanta campaign and battles; in the pursuit
of Hood, on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Ben-
tonville. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Died in 1893.

JOHN H. MOORE. Enlisted from Peru, August 22, 1862. Dis-
charged in October. 1862; disability.

OTTO L. M'LAIN. Enlisted August 5, 1862; was in the battle
of Hartsville, Tenn., and there fought bravely and after being cap-
tured escaped and carried the first news of the surrender to Galla-
tin. Deserted February 11, 1863.

MICHAEL O'LAUGHLIN. Enlisted August 12, 1862; was in
the battle of Hartsville and the Tullahoma campaign. Discharged
December 2, 1863; disability. Lives at Emington, 111.

HENRY PUST. Enlisted August 22, 1862; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign and battle of Hartsville, where he was severely
wounded and had his leg amputated in consequence. Discharged
March 4. 1863.

LEWIS PFENTZ. Enlisted August 15^1862; from Peru; was in
the battle of Hartsville. Discharged February 2. 1863; disability.

AARON PACKARD. Enlisted August 13, 1862; deserted January
11, 1863.

WM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

CHARLES F. TETERSON. Born in Sweden; enlisted AuRUSt
12. ISCl'. from Peru; whs in tl>e Keuiiu-ky cainimiKu iuu\ buttle of
liurtsville: in tlie Tullaliunia and C'liickaniaiiKa cainpaigns: at KIk
River. Davis Cross Roads and the battle of ChirkainauK'* . was s<'v»'ie-
ly wounded al iiarisvili*-. In the Atlanta caniitaiKn and liatdes
until wounded usain before Atlanta. July IM. 1SG4. but partially re-
coveriUK. was on the niareh to the sea. Roing to Savannah on u
rrutrh. thus showing the stuff he was made of. Mustered out June
6. ISGo.

FRANK ROEDLE. Enlisted from Ottawa. August 22. 1862; was
in the Kentucky campaign and buttle of Hartsville. Was on the
niareh to th«' st-a. Mustfred out June G. 18»t5.

JOHN HOHINSON. Enlisted from l^i Salle. August 5. 1862; was
in the KfUtutky campaign and battle of Hartsville. Died in Nash-
ville. March I'S, 1S<M.

NATHAN RHAM. Enlisted August 11. lSt;2. from Peru; was In
the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville: in the Tullahoma
and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross Roads, and
the buttle of Chickamauga; at Lookout Mountain and Mission Rl<ige.
Uuzuird Roost. Resaca. New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain,
Peaih Tree and I'toy Creeks, where he was wounded. August 13.
1864; disabled for further service by wound. Mustered out June.
1865; always ready for duty.

Al'tHSTlS RISNER. Enlisted from Peru. August 13. 1862;
was at Hartsville. Elk Kivcr. Davis Cross Roads; the battles of
Chickamauga. I^ookout Mountain ami Mission Ridge. In the At-
lanta camp"igii »l Huzzard Roost. Resaca, New Hojn' Church. Peach
Tree Creek. Wounded at Itoy Cre«'k. August 13. 1S04. Mustered
out June 6, ISG.'k

ANDREW REEDER. Enlisted from Ottawa. August 16. 1862;
deserted January 14. l,st;3.

Ll'THER S. SLYDER. Enllsteil from Ottawa. August 16. 1S62;
promotiMJ Hospital Steward. See N. C. Staff.

(H:(>R(H<: SCHWEIGART. Enlisted from Peru. August 11. 1862;
was in the Kf-ntucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; In the TuIIp-
homa and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River. Davis Cross
Roads, and the battle of Chickan)auga. Was at lx)okout Mountain
and .Mission Ridge. In tbu .\tlanta campaign at Buzzard Roost.
Resiica. New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain. Peach Tree and I'toy
Cre«ks. Killed at the latter place. August 13. 1864. The Regiment
lost a brav«> and true soldier.

SOLON K. SAPP. .\ge lH; born In Bureau County: enlisted from
Peru. August 13. isr,2; was in the Kentucky campaign. Was taken
Hick at Frankfort. Ky.: rejoined the Regiment al Camp Douglas an<i
went with It lo the front In 1S63. but was again stricken down and
fllHcharged for dlsjiblllty. A\igust 24. 1S"'.3. He i)ra«tlce(| law in St.
Ixiuls fr<»m IHTu t(» IMC: die<l in September. 1SH2. in Colora<lo.

ALONZO D. SCRIHNER. Enlisted August 14. 1S62; was in the
battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma campaign at Elk River.
Transferred to V. R. ('.. April 22. 1864.

(HCORtH-: STROUI.E. Enlisted August 1.'.. 1862; deserted March
20. 1863.

PETER SHCLTES. Enllste«| from Ottawa. Augtist 14. 1S62: was
in the Keniiuky <ampuign and battle of Hartsville: in the Tulla-
homa campaign. Transferred to V R C. In 1><64. Not living

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 505

JOSEPH A. STEIGER. Enlisted from Ottawa, August 28 1862-
was m the battle of Hartsville and in the Atlanta campaign and
the march to the sea. Mustered out June C 1865

MICHAEL TOBACCO. Enlisted August 9. "1862; deserted Jan-
uary 14, 1863.

JOHN ULRICH. Enlisted August 14, 1862; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign. Discharged April 29, 1863; disability.

JOHN WILLIAMS. Enlisted August 25. 1862; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the Tullahoma and
part of the Atlanta campaign. Transferred to V. R. C January 1
1865. Died in Cayuga, 111., in 1868.

MATTHEW WINZEL. Enlisted August 15, 1862; deserted
January 14, 1863.

FRANK TROMPETER. Enlisted August 9, 1862; deserted the
second time, July 1, 1864.

JOHN TROMPETER. Enlisted August 9, 1862; was in the Ken-
tucky campaign. Discharged February 18, 1863; disability. Lives
in Kansas.

CHARLES TRENT. Enlisted from Hennepin, August 14, 1862;
he was in the Kentucky campaign and battle of Hartsville; in the
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaigns; at Elk River, Davis Cross
Roads, Chickamauga. Was at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge,
Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach
Tree and I'toy Creeks, Jonesboro. In the pursuit of Hood, on the
march to the sea and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Mus-
tered out June 6, I860.

RECRUITS.

JAMES BELL. Enlisted March 3, 1865. His term of service was
short but efficient. Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.
Lives at Kempton, 111.

HENRY COX. Enlisted February 5, 1864; was in the Atlanta
campaign at Buzzard Roost and Resaca. Wounded in the latter
battle, May 14, 1864; was transferred to the V. R. C. Lives in St.
Paul, Minn.

JOSEPH FROELICH. Enlisted from Joliet, January 29, 1864.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

EDWARD HOSS. Age 20; enlisted .lanuary 29, 1864; joined the
Regiment at Graysville, Ga. He was at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, New
Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree and Utoy Creeks,
Jonesboro. Was in the pursuit of Hood, on the march to the sea
and through the Carolinas to Bentonville. Transferred at Washing-
ton to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry, and discharged July 12, 1865.
Lives at Cabery, 111., and is a farmer.

DANIEL McHARRIE. Enlisted . Killed at Winslow, S. C,

February 20, 1864, by guerrillas.

ALFRED G. PARKER. Enlisted from Rutland, October 3, 1864.
Transferred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry.

DAVID SHAFFER. Age 23; born in Peru; enlisted September
17, 1864; was in the battle of Bentonville. Mustered out June 6,
1865. Lives in Peru, 111. Is a machinist.

MM THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOl'RTH

STATISTICS OF COMPANY K

Total enliKimt'iii . IMO

Killed and mortally wounded 7

Wounded 1«

HeKifcned for wound8 1

KeMlgned 2

!>l»charge«I for disability 20

nischarged for wounds J>

Died of «l l8eu»e 4

IViwrted r 15

MiiKtered out June 6. 1865 31

Mustered out at other dates 3

Trttn8ferre<l to V. R. C 4

Traiisferre«l to Invalid Corps 2

TraiiKf«'rred to Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry 4

Dishonontbiy diKi^hnrged 1

Accidentally drowne<l 1

Promoted HoKpltal Steward 1

Known to be living (December. 1894) 33

Lieut. W. W. Calkins, Co. E.
J. G. Newell, Co. E.
Col. A. B. Moore.

Corp. J Shapland, Co. D.
Sergt. C. B. Cook, Co. G.
E. C. Russell, Co. E.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Narrative of the Imprisonment of Hapeman and WIdmer by Ool-
onel Douglas Hapeman-Reminlscence of Utoy Creek by Ma-
jor John H. Widmer-William M. Wilson of Company K In
Regard to Colonel Hapeman at Peach Tree Creek-Reminis-
cence of Peach Tree Creek, by Corporal John Shapland. Com-
pand D-How a Rebel Lady Got Even with the Major, by Cor-
poral John Shapland. Company D-Concluding Remarks by
the Historian.

NARRATIVE OF THE IMPRISONMENT OF HAPEMAN AND
WIDMER. BY COLONEL DOUGLAS HAPEMAN.

The battle of Hartsville had boeu fought and we
were prisoners! For one hour and twentv-hve min-
utes our little Regiment, less than 400 strong (two cnm-
panies had been sent to Gallatin and one ((mipaiiv was
in the village of Hartsville), had resisted the attack ..f
Hanson's veteran brigade of Kentucky infaiitrv and
Morgan's cavalry, over 4,000 strong, and sui»i.ort<Ml also
by twelve pieces of artillery, losing ni killcMl and Hi.-;
wounded. The One Hundred and Sixth and One Ihiii-
dred and Eighth Ohio, on our right, had th-d at the
first fire, leaving our fiank exposed, and while we wer<^
resisting the attack of the infantry in our frtmi, wiih
good prospect of repulsing them, the dismounted cav-
alry made an attack on our right flank, alinoi^r sur-
rounding us, making it necessary to fall back, and soon
compelling us to surrender. The Regiment never did
better fighting, was never more des(M-ving of victory
As soon as the firing ceased the rebels took ]»ossession
of our camp, destroying everything that they conhl not
carry away. While we were fighting, our cook, Char-
ley Clark, got behind some rocks, and cooked our
breakfast, and soon after the surrender caUed out,
"Colonel, breakfast is ready,'' but I Avas in no mood for
eating, and told him I did not wish any breakfast. I
wished many times before night that I had accepted
Charley's invitation. As soon as possil)le yvo were

SOS THE ONE UrSMJUKD ANT» FmFRTH

f«»rinCHl ill lilH- :Uiil HuiItImmI Iu iIh- llal Is\ illc liiTN,

over llu* CuiulMTlan.l Ki\«T, almiii half a mil*' «lisiaiit,
ami iinss«Ml ovt*r «>n Imrsfs, iimlfs ami wagons. Major
\N idiiKT ami thr wriitT were assi^jiietl t<» «»iie li(»rse, and
when about half way over thi» liorse fell down, eom-
ph'ti'ly iiiiiinMsiii<j: us ill ilie water, wliirh was any-
tliiiii; hut itleasani. as the t hfriiioiiieter was only 10
above zi*ro. On «;aiiiiu;;: the south hank of tlie river
we passed tJie eavalry «lrawu up in line alonjj ihe road.
They were pariiriilarly anxious to «;et luy spurs, and
kept eallin*;, •*\"auk. uivr iiie those sjmis," until I an-
swered one of tliciii rather plainly, when he raised his
carbine, saving:, "I'll show you." I shut my eyes,
expettini: to be shot, but he thou<::lit better and let inc
j»ass on. W'f were now fairly start«*d for IMxie, and
as tin* artillery of llMilaii's l>riy:ade north of the river
had opem-d on the rebtls, wr iiiad** pretty <|uirk time.
The march was severe; ihf wealln'i- was \»'iy i old with
snow <»n tin- ground, and my clothes beinj; frozen it
was hard for me to keep up. W'e mar»li<Ml over twenty-
five miles bi'fore we went into camit that niyhl. We
I»asstMl throu;:h Lebanon about seven o'cloek in tin* even-
in;:, t he blazinj: files in i In- lar;:*' lire|(hues lo(d<in^ very
inviting;. We Wfiit into <auii» about liM* miles beyoml
in a redar thicket. Ilaviii;.: had uoihiun^ to eat through
the day we suffered from inui^er, wliile the ctdd was
intense, with no blankets. ( Mie of tin* j,Miards divided
his scanty rations with me. for which 1 was very thank-
ful. The ue.\t nioriiiuj^ we startt'd early, marchiui; to
1.^'baiion doss Koads, about live miles fnuu Murfrees-
boro. Here we halted and went into eam|) iu a liehl.
About noun .Majoi- Widmer and myself were invited ti>
Morgan's headipiarteis, and this was tin* last we saw
of the Ke^inieiit until we were exchanp-d, and Jtiiiied
it at Hreiit wood, Tennessee, in i he follow in;: Miiy. < Je>i-
ei*al Miu'i^an imited us to take dinner with him, he
bavin;: his liead<|uaiters at the house of a .Mr. Hlack.
i!M'Veral hulies of the familN were at dinner with u>. and
were very severe and cuttinjj: in ilieji- remaiks about

the ^'allkees. III tin- «-\eiiiiii: \\ c Were lalvll iMIl |o ihe

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.

G09

house of a farmer, a short distaiin. tn„„ M<.i-;i,rs In-ad-

battle of llartsville I gave my sw.nd i„ Li,Mii,.,.;,nt
Buchanan, of a Kentucky regiment, but mv pist.,! Immi...
m my overcoat pocket, 1 neoK-rtr,! to giV,. ii ,„ u\u7
^hen we retired that night J earelesslv exp„se<l my
pistol, so the farmer saw it, and he took the ..ttic-r to
task lor bringing enemies to his house with arms The
officer told him he was resp(»usibh' f.u- his i.ris.Micrs
and did not care for any interference on his p;ni ;im.| it
seemed for awhih^ tluit blood woiihl be sh.-d ' \(t,.r
they quieted down I told the officer that I h;i.l :i pisml
and would give it to him if he (h^sired it. iiut he told'
me to keep it, and I did so until we reached i.ibbv
Prison, three months biter, when they searched me anil
discovered the pistol and took it awav. The next day
(the 9th of December) we were taken to Mtiifreesixuo,
where we remained a week under close guard, wlieil
we were sent to Chattanooga. The i)arty now coi'isisted
of Major AVidmer and myself and eleven other officers.
We were sent by the Nashville and Chattanooiia Kail-
road, and had to cross the Tennessee River at'liiidge-
port on pontoons, as the bridge liad been destroyed.
We were (jiiartered in a hcuise at the foot of Caiiierou
Hill, in rhattauooga, and marched to a hotel (»ii Mar-
ket !;?treet for our meals, which were pretty -(m.iI tor
prisoners. After remaining six days in tliat town we
were sent to Atlanta and (niartered'in a brick buildiiiu
on the corner of \Vliit(^liall and Peach Tre<' streets!
We were the first prisoners in this building, and it was
quite clean and not crowded. Rut soon the officeis
taken prisoners at Stone's River arriving the building
was overcrowded and we AAcn-e not able to take good
care care of ourselves, while our food was i)oor and
insufficient. Among the prisoners from Stone's River
I remember (reneral Willich and the gallant Tolonel
Miller, of the Thirty-sixth Illinois, who was afterwards
killed at Kenesaw Mountain. Soon after reach i no-
Atlanta we were notified that we were held as host-
ages for General McNeil, who lia<l ordered tliirteen

610 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

^iiiTrilliiH killtil ai l':(liiiM-a. .M<i., nutl ihrv wouM Iml*!
lhiri«fii fifltl «»ttirrrs as linsiaj^rs iiiiiil <J«*iicral M« N«*il
wjis «lfIiv«T«Ml iM I he ii'Im'I aut lioiit its. Tlir itiilcr fruin
<JrinMal Hia;:;; was to ImiI«I lis in sMiitarv rMiiliiiciiKMit.
This was not a plcasaiii aiiiiuiincciiK'iii, as w»' kin*w our
(ioviTiiniciil w«Mil«l iioi (h'livrr (iciit'ial MfNi'il. ami
w«' woiiM pi-oltalilv 1m' licM mil 11 tin* war was <»\('r, or
jM-rhaps In- shot, wliirli would |»c lu-ih-r. \\ »• passiMl
tin* liiiH' as |»l(*aHaiitlv as possihic, playiiij^: canis, sin;;-
iiiji, fir. Oiu* of our {guards was a wliislirr (tin- irluds
ii«>v«*r sail;:!, and wtnild whist Ic the *'Uonui«' Khu* Fla;r"
<-oniinuousl V «lurinji tin* two. hours In- was on ;:uar<l.
Al ni;iht. lM';;inniii^ at ten o'chirk, thf wat«hiuan would
i-all out ihf hour, and "All's w-cl 1.** The (iror;iia
**ria<k<'rs" would l>rin«; in their piodurc to si-ll to tin*
Vankrfs at fahuhnis prires, rhar^iii;; lili v rents in Con-
ftMlerate inoin*v f«>r a small onion. ( Mie day Major W'id-
nier aske<l «)ne of them for some peanuts. 'I'he naeker
hntked at him with disgust, sayill^^ "Vou-uns doii'i
know anything: them's ^xonliers." We liad t<t ;:o after
water wiih a .lohmiy hehiml carryin;; a ;::iin. ( Mie day
the .Majoi- was in the deiajl, and while on the sire<'t
some of the jireity jj^irls of Ailanta passed, and made
fun of him. The .Major did not aii|»reriale their jokes
and said he wcmld yet even with them. Me ditj. for he
was with Sherman when Atlaula was rapiuied and
destrctyt'd in I he fall of jM",!. \\c had a *^om\ deal of
tidiilde fi^rhtiny "those heasts," as (Jeiieral \Nilli»h
railed them, liest known to soldiers ;^enerally as "yray-
hacks." The literature wf were aide to «ret »«nisisted
of <;. I{. I*, .lames' paper-covered novels, and the rehel
papei-s, printed on wrapping; l»apei-, containin^^ their
version of all the battles fou;:hl, and a small amount
of for«*iM^ii m*ws, as that from the I'uited States was
styled. While in Atlanta we had the ]>leas\iiv of a
visit from .\u;;usta I-^.vans, the novelist. The Hishop
of Nashville also railed <»n us while he was visit in;:
tho eity. (hir priscm was rlose to the ear shed and we
roiild see troops niovin;i by rail almost every day; also
supplies and ammunition beiiiy: sent to the from. \\ r

REGIMENT IJL LIXOIS VOLUNTEERS. 511

were frequently short of nil ions, but Ww icIm-Is wonl.l
stiy it was caused by raids tbe Yankees ha<l iiia<b' on
their lines of communication. The prisoucis wen*
gradually sent away to Kichniond and other phucs, but
those held as hostages were kept in Atbinta. At bist
they began to send the lioslagvs away, but we did not
know where, until but live of us were left. Finally
orders were received to remove us, and we were started
north on the railroad, but did not kn(>w where we were
going. Passing through KuoxviHe and i.yu(lil)urg we
finally reached Kiclimond, just before daylight <tn the
morning of April 13th, 1863. After being marched
around Richmond for some hours we were taken to
Libby l*rison, and after registering, became the guests
of Major Turner, the commamiant of that famous bas-
tile. We were turned in with the rest of the i)risoners,
and our treatment was the same as theirs. However,
the hostages were gradually taken away, until Major
Widmer and myself were the only ones left. A Ik Mil
ten o'clock on the night of the 22d of A]>ril the Ser-
geant called ^^'idmer and myself up and took us down
into the dungeon of Libby Prison. Why he did so we
were not informed; we had not violated any prison ruh's
that Ave knew of, and the thought that we were host-
ages, and not prisoners of war, also the disa]>pearance
of all the other hostages, made us think thai perhaps
the rebels intended to make way with ns. Tlie hor-
rors of that night I cannot describe. The dmigeoii
of Libby was in the dam]) cellar, into which no liglii
ever shone, and it was full of rats, vermin and all man-
ner of filth. None but the worst offenders were put in
there. Well might it be written, "Let him who enters
here leave hope behind." Amid such horrors, tortured
with conflicting emotions, and luaiiUaining a night con-
flict with the natural inhabitants of this vile hole, our
long vigil ended at last, and in the morning we were
taken out, marched to the depot and sent by rail to
Petersburg, thence to City Point, whei'e we Mere
exchanged and ])uf on the flag of truce boat State of
Maine. We were once more under the glorious Stars
and Stripes, and our joy can be imagined, not described.

UK ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

In gniii^j ilowii the James Hiver a iiiniibi*i- «»f r^bel L»ai
terifs on ilu* banks weie passinl, and wo stranietl bv
the spot in ilamplon lioatls where ihe Cumberland and
Merrimae had their famous battle. The Ihi;; was still
living from tin* masthead <»f the < 'umln'ilaud. h«ie
sunken. We rraih«*d Annaptdis, Md., (he nrxt ui«nn-
ing and were assigned to duty, but were sent a few
days hiler to Camp Chase, at C«dumbus, (Uii«». On
arriving and reporting we were ordered to rejoin our
IvegitiM'Ut, u hi«h u e did as soon as possible, and wrre
cnalded to ftdlow the «tld llag to tin* rlose (d the war,
from Nashville ttt Tullalioma, Chitkamauga, Cliatta-
nooga, Lookout Mountain and .Mission itidgt'; in tlu'
Atlanta «anipaign; after Hood and to tin* sea; ending
with the campaign (»f the two Carolinas, IJeiitonville,
ami tlie surrender of the rebel army under <;.n(.ial
Josepli 10. Johnst<»n near Kaleigli.

REMINISCENCK OF ITOY CHEEK. 15V MAJOlt JOHN H.

WID.MEH.

Tile fttllow ii|M account of an event occui ring at I'toy
Cicck, Ca., was giv<*n to the liistorian by Major .bdin
II. W'idinef. lie being the main actor, with his usual
iiiiceiice, was disiinlined to give it any lUMuuinence
or publicity, but the writer thinks dilTereiitly. It is
not only an interesting part <d" ilie histoiy of the Regi-
ment, but rellecis the highest credit mi tlie uJiHaiit
Major. 1 le relates as follows:

"After the action of August Tlli, iMil. ili<- iM»siii.tn
of the One lliiiidred and l'<»urtli al Cloy Creek w.is a
peculiarly annoying (»ne. Onr main lim* was within
point blank ritle range of the.rebel skirmish line, wliicli,
too, was hidden in a dense growth of jiiin-s, the same
gr<»und where the sliaipsliooter who killed rit/.sini-
mons, Ci"aig and (Jraves was concealed. ()ur skirniisli
line was but a slnuM distance from our main liu<'; wliib*
the main line of the rebels was a ccmsiderabie disiain e
bacl< of tlieir skirmish line, ami was out of reach of onr
skirmishers. The result being, as 1 judge, a '•butcher
bill" considerablv in i heir fa\oi-. (Mir men in the main
line had to keep \ir\ dose behind the works, but still

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTKKRS.

Do.^s not to fiiv any „hmo at tlu- ^lolninios' llni ni..|

vards nst 1 WW • ^^••l--'"'"i<, MiM.M, r.„.,v

ot the (Inck pines. lietweon these two pifs tin. ..,,,„,„|
was perfectly clear. About three o'<-lo -k in ImT •
ing I went to this left pit of .„n-s and as soon s I

light enongh to c.l(.u-ly s.. iUo r.bH pU I s(.pp,.,| .,
in front of ours and called ont: 'Ilelh>, Johnnv" In
about t^vo seconds a livinj. f(dl(»w in -rav eh.th.'s rose
up in the other pit and rcpli.Ml, 'Hello, Vank.' I said-
Im ronimo- ov.m- there to make von a visii.' •Ml"
nght, he replied. I started at once; i„. h.-sitah-d a
little and then started, meeting- me about llfte.Mi .tens
from his pit. We shook hands, ami tlx-n I ..„ve hin.
my name and rank, and informed hini that I Iiad eliar-c
ot the skirmish line opposing his, and desired lo meet
the o(ti((M- in char-e ef j.js line. The man 1 was talk-
ing to Avas a Lieutenant in, I think, the Fortv-second
Georoia. ITe informed me that Captain Howell, of h\^
regiment, had (•hai-c of tiicir lino. I incpiirod where
the Taptain was. He i)ointed <|own the line «»f pits as
It ran into the pines, and said lhe('a])tain Svas in there.'
I asked him to accom]iany nn^, and we started off to
And the(^a])tain. As we went down the lineof rilh' pits
in those pines it may be believed that I kept my ey<-s
wide oi)en to see how the Johnnies were tixed in them.
We soon met (Vi])tain Howell, to whom I was intro-
duced by the Lieutenant, and I at once |)i-oceeded to

111!; .'NK U'-N-pUKt' .\N1> PnlMtTH

I . . 1 HiM \ he < 'auiMiii I I liolll^lll

:;.«..,■.. .■..n.lM.r,,,^ a -,l..,lKn^.r...s vvarar......

„„, ,„„., „f ,!,.• lin,-. Il,;>, w- «,■,-,■ >,..« I '"""■,';,

i,,;: ,1, Ml-.,, ...■ a !.•«. "I- killi,,;; s,„„.; r f.- ■ «•

«;«.•.-.• ,l.Mi.li..« nnlliin!:. ....l.v .aus.nj; sntT.r.n^ .m

1 ,„. s,.,l a t..>,„...n>rv tr,>,-. ... U< 1 - I"'." ■■■•■■'

s, l.-s,av.. a .l.a.,.- ... sl.ak.- l.an.U ami «.-t ^"M;" ;

•,•„ .,11 ,l,iK Ih.- lai.lain, «li.. s.M.|n-.l 1.. !..■ u-i'J ""- "

lis.' an.ii,,, ..ni.vr >" .-sun,.. "->";'":•''";

,„Tan.i«h.....Min.. <..■..." '•"■""'"-',";','"";:,;;;;':

I,;, ^,„ „|,,„„„.,„ f..r llM- IMS. .».. '•'■,"'", """i^

|,i' ,., ..,,a'l- .-v.-.v s..l.li.-.- ... p;. sat.-lv l.a, .. .s
l!.-f...-.- s.a.-.i..s; ...I. I I'^.'l l"l'' •"> '"■>'' ".'^" '^

.1.,., a ..n... 1 «:..,i.i si,„ai ... .1.-.,. '•.;"•;.;;;■;;,■;,

I,„ Vss.,...,as,l,.'ai-.a..^'.'.M.M.i was .-...ai.l. . M 1 >'
, ,„ ,1,.. ti.s. ,n.-...i.....-.l litl.- I'i. ^.."1 s;^'^'' '".■'■'f. :

::,:;';,::;r'i.;t:v.i,:.n-:;-H-;o::--,-
;;:,:':::?•■. :r;:'i:;r,:r'a;:;;:ts'"f-f..:

ii:';,;;;r;ri::ir;ir;::;r,,:;;-j;::;i^;^^
v\''n;.: n;M:^s;;;:.'a;::un'.t;v asu,..,

„„■„. ,l,a„.l.al..f...-.n..a.M..-.s s ..f «a. . aa.l . I.a.

KROTMKNT ILLINOIS \mi,i\tkkus. :,\;

I lll<>ll<;llt il hjulllv l.lol.;|l)l.' Ili:il tlirv W.HlId 1m- sriil

North iiiid scl mI liltci-lv ii|m>ii hikiiiu iIm- ..atli ..f nil.-
jii;iiH-«' to tli(* I'liilcMl Sliilrs. AlxMii niiir o'do.U in llir
foivnoon Cjiplaiii llowcll iioiili('<l me iIimI lie Ii:hI ..nlcis
to r<'siiiii(' host i lilies. This |)iit :iii cikI h. (mii- ini.r, hiii
it boiv li-iiits well wui-th lh<* lit lie risk I r;iii. A iii-hi
or two after some t wciil y live »»i- i hiri y mT i he .lolninics
laid down tlicir liiiiis an<l caiiic into oin- lines, ami I
do not rcnicnihrr tlial we al'lenvards had a siii«il<' man
hurt by their tire at Ttoy Creek. 1 iievei- made any
wi'itten report of this lrii<-e, but learned, Iiowcmm-, that
onr division (•(»mniamler was noi dis|)leased."

WILLIAM M. WILSON, OF COMPANY E. IN REGAKb TO
COLONEL HAPEMAN AT PEACH TREE CREEK.

The bdlowini;- passages contained in a h'tter to (In*
liisloiian des<M\'es insertion in the History. \\'ils(»n
says: "Von sp<dve abont a pictnre (d" some battle that
y«)n (h'sired to ])ut in tlie book. 1 have in mind some-
thing tliat \\(>nl(l be nice, a picture of our (Johjnel in
front of onr color guard the morning of May lU], 1S(>4,
just before starting on Sherman's march to Buzzard's
Koost, when heaihlressed us with earnestness in regard
to carrying and defemling the flag in time oi batth';
or a picture of tlie (Ndonel at Peach Tree Creek, back
of the Keginient, in full view of and in range ()f the
storm of lead that rained on us that day. 1 can m'V«M-
forget the sight. After being wounded I made tm- the
rear, a very dangerous move, and it was then thai 1
saw the Colonel. He halted me and 1 showed him my
shoulder, ui>on which he let me ])ass on. He stood up
straight with his sword drawn aiid revidver in hand,
urging the men to stand tirm, every inch the s(ddiei- he
was, and I think yet it was a wonder he escaped alive;
he seemed to be alone on top of a knoll some thirty feet
in rear of Coin])any E, where bullets wer»^ flying lively;
his conduct on that day showed him to be 'the bravest
of the brave.' I wish I could describe that battle in
fitting language, but I have written hastily, thinking
our Colonel should be i-emembered."

THE ONE Hl'NDRED AND FOl'HTH

#
HK.MfVISrKNCK OF PEACH TREE CREEK. BY CORl'OUAL
JOHN SHAPhANl), OF COMPANY I).

I I .(11 lu-vrr fni-M^fi May '.U\, lSt»4, wluMi wf Irfr
( ini\ svillc, < la., and SlMTiiiaiiiV army lH'«;aii I lie At laiila
« aiiijiai;:!!, iior iliat litllt- s|i«m-(-Ii iiukIc iIm-ii liy ('oloiicl
ilaiM'iiiaii, iti whirl) ht* sai<l wc \\cr«- ;:*)ill^ in laUf up
(Ik* last ;^i'aihl iiiairli, ami woiilij mmI stDji iiinii w (*
I'cacliiMl the filial rml, ami Iimu inif it was! Iliii 1 will
omit the <-niitli(is ami Ualllcs lliat were ftiii;:lii in iliai
<-ampai;:ii and irlalc my lasl rxpiMirmr at IN-arii Tijm*
CuM'k, .Inly LMMli, ls»»l. Tin' rx|M'ii«'mc of that day is
still as ficsli in my nn-muiy as tliun^ili it was l>nt y«*s-
tt'iday. I was (Imw n in tin* laNim* roukin;; meat with
.lolin .M(^ nlhuijili. nf runipany 1-^ w In-n tlir liiinu
l)(';;an. i.<-a\iii;: my iin-al I ran for lli*- hill lop ami
saw 1 he < 'oloih'l swin^iin;; his switnl ami sa^in^^ "I'all
in. nn'n; fall inl" It was tin* lasi rail for many. I
irmiMiilM'i- Will <'oyl«' ami (>lho lloliail, lioth shot
t liioii;;h t In* ln*a«l. ami l»y my side. \\ hen I w as w onmh'd
I Wits iM-himI a lo;; kiH'rlin^ on om- knee, and loading
m\ jiiin. The hall sirmk im- under i he ri;:hi car and
I fell: how Ion;: I l:iy I *°aiinoi say. Inn <-oniin;: to I
ri*«'|>t away, and as I |iassrd ('oinpany 1', I nn-i lh«-
friiMidly lo(d< of ('a|ilain I )oi \ , who was s»t<in afh-r
kilh'tl. I can m-scr for;^ri ii. I'inally lMMoinin«; lost
from my ilf^iimni I lnoii;iht up at t In* 'I'w cni i«'t h < 'or|(s
ilosjiital and was caird for in tin* very hcsi manm'r,
ami Itciii;: iinlil for duly, linally dischar^t-d.

HOW A REHKL LADY COT KVHN WITH THIC .MA.IOH. HK.Ml.N"
ISCKNCK. HY COlH'OltAL .JOHN SHAIM.ANI). OF ('().\i
PANY D.

NN'Iu'ii thi' hattic of I larlsN illc was foii^lii | wns on
detail at <)allatin and reiiiaim'<l there iiniil ordn-ed to
rejoin the Ke;:iinent at ('hiea^o. While at <iallatin I
arted as orderly for the pro\osi marshal of i he town.
Ills iiaiiie was lOstarioi. i>r Scarioi. ami he was Major
of the Tenth .Mi«-hi;:an. The rehel women called him
• liidas jstarioi. lit- was \ery severe, stern, ami lieice
as a lion. His lar^e Idark eyes would pierce through
hi^ eiieiiiii-x. The Major issued an order lo all ciii/ciis

REGIMENT IT.T.INolS V<>M'\TKKUS. r.lT

having soldier's dollies (lin- hliir) lu luiiii; ilicm t.. his
office. Tliei-e was one icIm-I la«lv who w.is \crv hiiin-
aj>ainst the Union men ami es|»e(iall,v ihe Majoi-. This
lady liuiited all over liie lown and <;('Minn the ra^-
i^-edest old ]»air of Idne |»anls she conhi lind sent ihrni

to the Major by a little ne_<;i-o oii|. 'p| nj,.," wns in

the Court Mouse, and when she ram*- no one was in
but the Majoi- and myself. The ^irl eann- in, shntiin^
the door behind her, ami stood with her batdc a-iainsi
it. The Majoi- {^yi'(\ hei- a nntment, tlicii said: "What
do you want, <;irl?" She replied: "I cMnic to bi-inji
you a pair of pants my missus sent yon.' Thi- Major
said: "ITold them u])," and she <lid. I don't kmtw
when I wanted to laujj;h as bad as then; there was
nothing- of them but the front ])art and the seat; the
color could hardly be seen. The ^lajor in<iuired, "Who
is your missus?" On j;;ettini; her name the ix'w] was
sent away, and the Major, calling a Serjeant, ordered
him to <;() and brinj; the lady to his othce. She came,
but memory fails to recall the discourse that followed,
but it was rich and spicy, and the lady was equal to
the emergency. The oidy way the Major got even was
to order the Serg(^ant to take her to her house, let her
pack nj), and she was then ordered to be put outside
our lines. On hearing this the lad.y backed out of the
door with a disdainful look I can never forget. IJui
she did not go far until she repented and entreated
the Sergeant to i-eturn and tell tlu' ^fajor she was sorry
for what she had done and begged his pardon. When
the Sergeant returned and presented her request the
Major looked u]) with an air of triumph and after using
some harsh language, said she could remain, as all
lie wanted Avas an apology. The lesson was not lost
on others who had more valor than discretion.

CONCLUDING REMARKS. BY THE HISTORIAN.

The total number of olticers and men in th(^ One
Hundred and Fourth, including recruits, was nine hun-
dred and ninety-nine. The Adjutant-General's re])ort
contains many errors, es])ecially as to names, an<l som<*
reporte<l discharged for disability were really tlis-

Ah

N I iltlM I AMI K( >l l: IH

fli;iri;«*i| ii<r \\«miihi>,. | in- Kf;^iiiM'iii lusi l»\ lu-iiij^
killcil ill l>;iiilt\ III- iii(iriall\ whiiihIimI, tuir lniii«ln'<| mimI
l\\rlll\ liM'll. Two IiIIIIiI|-«m| aihi tM;:lil \ scxni \\<ic
woiiiitltMl : III** iMiiil ( :isii:il(ics wm- fniir Iiiiii<||-rt| ;iii*|
li\i'. Il is a iiiMiirf of r«'};i'«M iIimi iln* liisioiiaii was
iiiialilr l)» (Diisiili ili<- mIVh i:il i-t|tM|-ts on tile in Wash
in;;ioii, of afirr llir iiiosi ilili^nii con-csitontlfiirt' lo
p*l Mir iiaiiH'S of all who \\«'|m* w «iiiii(I«mI. On tins
arriiiiiil tin* rosl«M-s <lo iio| ^i\«' all (in* rasnall i«'s. It
iiiiisi Im- rfiiiciiilMM-cd also that (|iiit(' a iiiiiiiImt \\t'r«*
woiiiiih'il si'M-ial liiiM's ami in <lilTi'r<-nl hallh's, aii«l
♦ •aril sinh rase sIiomM JiisIIv Im* ronilh*<l a new rasii

mIIN.ImiI lia\i-lliil licrll so rolisiilrri-il.

(MIAPTKK XXX \'. ^

THE NARRATIVE OF MY ESCAPE FROM THE CONFEDEllATE
MILITARY PRISON AT COLUMBIA. SOUTH CAROLINA.
NOVEMBER 28. 1864. AFTER FOURTEEN MONTHS' IM-
PRISONMENT. BY LIEUT. WILLIAM W. CALKINS. COM-
PANY E.

Mam' books have been written bv those w Iim were
uufortiinately the guests of the h\te Coufedenih- States
as prisoners of war. I have read a niiinbci- of these
and desire to say, that however true tliey ;ife, the
reality as exi)erieneed by our men, was far worse ih m
it is possibk? for the most vivid hniiiua^c lo e\|H(ss.
The story of my long imprisonment in Libby, h;iii\ ille,
Macon, Charh^ston and Coltimbia, it is not my juiiiiose
to relate now. My exi)erience was miicli I lie s;iiiie as
that of thousands of others. The many narralives al-
ready published will cover substantially my own case.
But mv escape from prison affords incidents that will
be of interest to the <dd soldiers; to my personal
friends; and in fact to all who have not forgotten the
war for the union of the states in one indivisible
nationality.

The great battle of (Miickamaiiga fought on the V.)\\\
and 2(ltli of Se])tember, !."<«;;>, was over. Serving at
that time on the staff of General John lieatty, com-
manding the First Brigade, Second Division, Four-
teenth Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, I was
in both days' combat and ]>articipated in the last
fighting on ^'llorse Shoe Kidge," or the "Snodgrass
farm," as it is known. It was there that Creneral
George H. Thomas won immortal renown and his well-
earned title, the ^'Kock of (Miickamaugal" There I was
wounded and cai)tured. Darkness clo.sed down on the
bloody scene with nearly .S8,000 men killed, wounded
and missing. That night I spent on the battlelield
among the dead and dying.

THE ONE HI'NDRED AND FOURTH

Tin- iirxi <Imv ;il«tii;i with A i:it';ii miiiilM-r nf other
|iiis«»ii«Ms whii unr <-:i|>l ihimI, I was staiitMl for Kuh-
iiioihI, aii<l nil arrival |»iii in ihe iiifaiiioiis "LiMty."
Miiy 7, 1S(14, wo wt'i'i* all riMiioVfil to hanvilh*. \ a.:
tlirmc to .Ma«'oii. (Ja.: finm iIuto in .luly to Chaiifs-
l«>ii, S, r„ tin* birt h|ila<-«' of KtM-»*ssi«ni, ulnic wc wfiv
4-«>iitiii«Ml ill what was known as ihc "workhouse," for
iiu-rlv a iie^iin prison.

Niiilit and «lav wr listened to the scream and roar
i»f the shtdls from (iilinore's liatteiies as thev rame on
errands of death and destriirtion over our heads. We
listened with pleasure to these reminders that "our
Ilai;; was still there." The shells Im iiii; mostly percus-
sion, did not explode lill i hev struck soimMhinj;. (U-
easiunally, ln>w«-\«'r, a fuse shell hurst o\er us, some of
the pieces strikiii^^ the prisiui.

\\ hiie iu this, the worst j»ris«ni hell I had yet seen,
the \el|ow fever liioke out and carried olT numbers of
our men. I can ne\cr forget the scenes ami horrors of
those days. I had bei-n sick all summer and had lie-
come r«'iluced in wcij^ht fioiu »»ne hundred and sexeiity
to one hundred and twi-nty pounds. The yellow feVer
I le^^arded with indilVereiice, haviiiii reached a ciuuli-
tioii where with disease and d«'alh all around, 1 could
look unmoved upon it all. .\mid t hese scenes the music
o\»-rhead day and ni;4ht, was a positive relief, and our
sleep undist urhed l»y the uproar.

lOaily in (Mtolier ainuit twilve hundred of us wen-
transferred to t\dumlda, S. ( '. We were corralled in a
vacant |t»i mar the depot and k«'pi there t w »'iity-four
hours in tin* luidst of a drixinj: rain. .Many were hat-
less and shoeless, while others weie sick. No rations
Were issued and all we had to eat was the remnant of
corn pone and meal we had hrouuht with lis. IMnally
we were marched out to a |il;Mitaiion near (\dunihia,
which it was announced w oiild -he our <|uarters for t In*
pieseiil. Ntt shelter of aiiy kind was provided. Hut
there was a ^Mowih of younj; pines in the canii*. and
the iii;:eiiuity of the prisom-rs <'nald«'d them to liuild
lints, and construct hiirrows partly under ;;rouiid.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUXTEEKS. 5,^

Which, covered with limbs and djH ..(r.n-.l.wi

some deo-ree of comfort a i , V ' '^""i'''*'' <-<'vei- and

self con^rnctS^X'oniH^ 1^11^^^^ ='"' "'^•■
week when I escaped I . ,i ''';.''^" '*"J".^'*'l «^

seheine for son.jThm- and^ .' h^ ''^^^T^^'' '!''
put It into execution hy .Mnnino h,;^ 1^^^

neet.eut Infantry; Captain KI,!,.,- an, .,m. , , \.Z
in-s rmte,l States ArtiUcM-v; CaiMaiu , ' .' ! iTj' ' '
Khode [slan,l Artillery; Cap.ain l!an,l„l„l,, T , ,'. | ;,

of:'cii!ant-t;:i;^:' " '"'-".y,ai.,rM..,„i:.:x

Ihe plan was to march to the Conoan.- rivn- -.Ih.,,,

the Conoaree and Santee rivers to th •,.,,! wIhmv

^hich AAe knew was Mockading- the mouth of tho San-
tee river and Georgetown, situated near l»v Mean-
time, the darkness had become more intense, mm-h to
W Jw ' ''f:^,'^''^!^^^^^ «"t to find the turnpike lea.l-
hfp 7"' ^^l^""l^!'^ t« Charleston, as this was on our
Ime of march. A\ e' were n.»w a half mile or more from
prison and moved very slowly and cautiouslv throunli
the woods, not knowing what moment we knight be
challenged by conceale.l pickets. Whilst sto,M,h,.. for
a while to take our bearings, we'heard a rnsilin'^. in
the bushes near by. We at once lay flat an.l motion-
less, ^o doubt our hearts beat faster as we saw coni-
mg to^^•ard us a file of eight rebel soldiers. On thev
came, nearer and nearer, passing bv onlv a few feet
distant. I could have touched theni bv reachino- out
my hand. For a few moments it looked dubiou's f„r
us. Ihey Avere in single file and had been out in inir-
suit of us, but were now on their wav to camp ^A'hen
the danger was over we felt much reliev^^l and as
though Providence was with us. ^Ve now moved on as

5i2 THE O^E HUNDRED AND FOURTH

fast as iMissiltIr ruiisisiriit with raiitiuu, luit lia<l not
jjoiie far wlu*u we aliiu»Kt ran int«» a pickrt post. The*
I»irk«*ts, li«>wi*vt*r, «li«l not kim* us, n<»r hrar thi* ominous
( ra«klin;: of thr h-avi*s tinth'r our ftM-t. \\\' mn-atiMl
for souM* <listani-(' on oui* hands and knees, ami then
llanketl our enemies \vith«»ui «list»»ver.v. In a slioii
time we r»*aehe«l the di'siriMl i»iU<- ami walked rai»i«lly
tin eoiiveisinjj: onlv in whispers and srannin^ every «d»-
jeet, half «*.\j>e«t in}X every moment to see a rebel sol-
dier sprin;; \\\t and halt iis. W <• had jierhaps ;;one a
mile when suddenly there stt»od before us in the road
the figure uf a man perfeetly motionless. This pro-
duced a panic at one**. Soim* ran one way, sonie an-
other. Hut we so«»n recovered our wits. Knowiii;;
that he must ha\e seen us, we walked boldly u|) and
asked him who he was. To this he n-jdied by a similar
iutpiiry, and we knew at once that he co»ild not be an
eiieuiy. We soiui recuguizt'd on«* of our felhtw juison-
ers, w ho had escapecl a few days before, and had been
eon«eale<l by a Tniou man in (olumbia. lie was pro-
vided with a i»ass repr«'sentin^ that he was a (Quarter-
master in the rebtd service. Arme«l with this, souie
provisions, and a boiile i»f whisky, he was now on his
way to take ihe cars at a way statiou for rharlesiou.
( )nce ilieic lie |irn]Mised lo ;^ei a boat auil reach mir
Idockadeis, (III our lines ueai- the city. We bade him
an earnest <iodsp<'ed and again resuuied the uiarch
toward fnMMlniii. It uiusi ha\e been uearly 1 I (•'( inck
then and we quickem-d our i>ace, feeling every UlouieUt
in better spirits. .\ltli(»ugh in the v«*ry heart of the
eiieuiy's cttuntry we w^-re again free, a somewhat no\el
but exipiisite sensation after our long coutiiiement
and suffei'ings. Thus we continued on all iiii^iii. mdy
slopping (Mcasionally to rest. The turnpike atl'orded
good walking and we could see a long distance ahead.
Oidy one mole incident of importance tM-curred this
first night out. \\'e had g«ine some ten miles, w hen we
ol>Kei-ved a lire by tlu' roadside. Not knowing what
danger might Im* there, we llaidvcd it by going some
distance around and through a swamp. .Vfler this we

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUXTEKR.^

523

agam Struck the piko and travol<Ml ,,„, niirc,„s.i<„,s of
the liioht of time, until luvakinu <lavwMni.Ml u^ ihit
we must eonmil ourselves, ruronuuat.-h we wnv
near a little village, but we hastened i„io":, ..j,.,-.. of
woods, and weary with the j(Mirnev, lav dou n W ,.
were hungry, too, having brought veiv linlr wiil, ms
m our hasty exit from ('aui]t Sorolmni.

When full daylight on the l.»!)t I, ,:niie, u.-saw looiir
dismay that outside of the little paidi of woods iu
which we lay, were houses in everv dire.iioi, j,
seemed that nothing but the utmost" caution on our
part, and good fortune, couhl save us from bein.- dis-
covered before night. As the day advanced we 7-ould
both hear and see the children at plav onlv a few 1(m1s
distant. We lay very quiet, not daring to" stand up <»r
moA'e about. Hour after hour wore away in painful
anxiety, while our hunger increased. After what
seemed an eternity to ns, night cast its welcome shades
about us and we were again saved by that uracious
Providence watching over all. Duriiig the day we
had, by consulting our maj), come to the comliisiou
that we must have traveled twenty miles the previous
night, and ten miles further than was intended or de-
sirable, on account of obtaining a boat on the river. It
was decided to march back over the road we hail come,
and Avith the stealthy tread of a cat we left the wood
when it was quite dark, regained the turninke and
toiled wearily along. The cause of this was intense
hunger. We also became sleepy and finally the column
extended along the road for some distance. At last
those ahead halted until all came up. After a con-
sultation and rest we marched on in single file, keeping
on the shaded side of the road. Soon we met a man on
horseback and expected trouble, but much to our sat-
isfaction he did not attempt to interview us, Hy this
time we were all becoming very weak, and realized
that food must be had. This could only come from the
black man, and I volunteered to find it, the party
agreeing to wait a reasonable time for me t(> return, it

524 Till- .iN'K HrNr)HED AND FOl'RTH

lu-iii;; uinii liiiii wlifiln-r I \s<mi1«| mh < <<<|. op wliat
fair iiii^lit lu'fall iin'.

1 ihrii Irfi tlu' party ami liavflctl al<m^' iiniil I iain«'
io a private n»a(l, w lii«li 1 kin*\v would lra«l to a planta-
tion. rioituMlin;; down this a quarter of a niiU* or
so, 1 saw s«>nu' li«,'lits to tin* rijjht, also a lar;:;«' lious«*
and tin- iisnal in*;;ro (juartors. Oiu* of tin* latter was
lU'iw theft'iUM', and si-alinj; this cautiously, fortunately
wo doy:s disturlMMl me, I reconnoitered the insiile
throu«:h the openin^^*< hetweeii the lo«;s, which were
ph-nty enttu^di, antl t»» my tjeli^^ht I saw sitting' In-fore
the rud«' lireplace a lary;e Mack woinan who, with her
hands on her knees, seemed to he watchinj; intently a
pot hoilin^' over the tire. Was ever si;,dit lutue wel-
comel I knew hy the savory od(Us that meat was in
that pot, I'orj^ett in^' all els«* I hurried around to the
door and walked in. For a monn-nt the surprise of my
sable friend was somethiiijy: wonderful, then as I ex-
l)lained matters and for ]u-oof jitiinted to the "^litti-ring
l)Uttons on my threa«ll>are coat, she let me know that
I was weli'ome. .Meantime, with hun^^er ^Miawinj.; at
my vitals, reminding; me of my errand, 1 approached
the lireplace and took a piec<» of meat from the ])«>t
without ceremony, but made hurried ai>oloM;i,.s. My
friend removed some ashes from the liearili and re-
veah'<l a beaiiiiful c<u-u jMUie. \\ hile eat in;:: ravenous-
ly, I informed the hostess aboiii luy party and ar-
ran;;ed with her to feed them, which she a^re«Ml to
do after ;;oin^ (Uit and briuuin^ in her "old man," as
she called him, to see me. They diiectetl me to brill;;
the parly to the woods near by, as it was very unsafe
f(U- I'Veii myself to be in the house. I then returned
with a li;:lil heart and rai>id stejis to my fellow fu^d-
tives, who wer«* imi»ati<*nt ly await iny: my arrival. We
were not lon;^ in ;roin;; «lown the lane ami to tin' ap-
)H»inted place. Our black friends soon after appeared
and set bef(tie us three dishes, which contained about a
]»eck of boiled sweet potatoes, two ;:allons of rice, and
a few KlircH of fried Jia.uM. We had m»ne of those
luxuries knives, forks and jilaies, but with our hands

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. i;.,^

and liiioors in vio„i.ons operation, pr.M-.'.Ml.'.l t.» siiiisfv
iiatnres (lemamls. In ten niinntcs n<.i m ihj,,.. n-
mained and all folt l,n,»,,y a^iain. (),,.• ..f ,1... ,m,.,v
gave mil- kind friends a S20 ('.mr,-.l,.,at.- „.„,. i„ ,„;.
ment for their hospitality, which i.l.asr.l ,1,..,., I.-.^
miich. ihe woman said that she km-u- as sou,, as I
entered the honse that [ was -One .,h dm, Vank.vs"
by my bnttons. We tohl tli.Mii that "Massa Shmnan"
would soon come alon- and make them all hv.. Th.-v
had heard of him and were looking for |,i„, w,. ,|„.„
bade a hearty ooodd)y to these, our only li-j.-mls ami
again resnmed the march, but in far b.-tti-r spinis't I. an
lor many honrs previous.

We iiad ooiie seyeral miles \yli..n a imisc in i|„.
brush by the side of the road starilcd ns. Wwv mu.ji
reconnoitering, on both sides, wc adyanr.'.l, xvImmi on,-
imaginary foes turned out to be a Lientcmini of the
.Seventy-ninth New York and Lieutenant Wats.m ..f
the Twenty-tirst Wisconsin. Thev had <'s.-ap,-d also
and were going down the river in a canoe. We N-ri'
them and soon after came to a road, wlii.h fnnn the
description we had of it from our n^lored friends, we
believed led to the river. Yet another sur])rise \ya's in
store for ns, when there suddenly appeared from amon--
the trees, two more of onr fellow prisoners, Captaii"
Nichols and Captain TTart. Thus reinfor,-,.,! we
marched on nntil near the river.

The night was now far spent and in order to uuai:!
as much as possible against discovery, we waded for a
long distance thronoh a dense swamp of cy]n-ess,
briars and water, where the travelin-^- was necessarily
slow, and" was the occasion of much comi)liinentary
language and of merriment also, as we thought of the
ludicrous appearance we would have made couhl onr
friends at home have seen ns. Comino- at last to a dry
place Ave halted and lay down, but were cold, wet anil
in every way nncomfortable. 81eep was impossible
and we longed for the morning. While it was yet dark
on the 30th, Captain Dennis set out to explore the land
and find a friendly negro, who would feed and assist

5» THR ONK Hl'NDRED AND FOURTH

u.H. SiiiiH' liiiM- afirr «hivli;:lit apiirariMl rapiain I>i'ii-
iiis rcniiiiiMl siui-fKsfiil, jiml ivjHU-ttMl that \v«* w«'r»* on
A«laiii KtM««„'«'i's plaiilalioij, it-n iiiilrs from rulmiiliia.
lit- had foiiiiil a fi-ii-ii*ll\ hhirk man iiamiMl .loc, who
a«^r«tM| In frnl ainl assist lis. .Ii h- i hoii^hl \v»' rouhl }ii*t.
a boat wiihoiii mu« h iroiihli-. Ahoiii an hour afi«*r-
N\ai«l .For a|i|M'ar»Ml l>iiii;;iii'^ wiih him some roin |>oii«'.
Trlliii;,' lis lo iciiiaiii i|iiiiM he wnii awav. hi aiioihor
hour hi' raiiir hai U aiitl sai<l thai his mastci' ami others
were p»in;r to imi thr honmis aftri- Vaiikr«'s and tW-
Kj'itris, w hos«- t larks had h«M'n found on th«* hi;zh\vay.
This hiokrd dark foi- us. I>ul .lor said ht* woiihl lakr
rarr of ihr paiix , and as it was not safr >\ hrrc w »• wcic,
tohl us to foUow him in sin;;h' lih* and so as to sh«i\v
hut om- tiack. This \\r did with some mis;::iviii;i:s, as
is was now hi-oad day. Ilr h'd us out of the swamp
and thiiMijih a tanjih'd undcf^^iow t h of bushes and
hi'iars to am ohl bai'ii about mir hiiiidicd i-ods otY. Ilci'c
Wo found a voiv tonibnMaldo idaco in the hay niow" and
hiy down to await d«'Vrh»pimMits. Not h»ii^ did w«*
ha\'<- to wait bofoic tho \('l|i of bhiodhoiiuds in tho dis-
tan<«* annoiiiiccd that oiif fate wt»uhl sotm be dftidcd.
Thru thr hojiisc bay of tht- jiark diod away oi- was
fainll\ bofiic to us ill distant (mIiocs. Soon all
was still and after a while, the dark fare of .l«»e. ouf

pI-esciN If. appealed ill the baill. I I is fare WJIS now

li;:lileil iijt. and we knew that wi- w eie ai:ain saved.
.b>e said that the hounds had lost the scent in the
swamp and I he |iiiisueis had draw n t hem (dT and ;:iven
U|i the ehase. Wr UoW felt mu*-li relieved aiid bein^
hun;:r\ hel|ted uinsehes to a basket of |iersiininons
whirh .b)e had ill the barn. We le:irned from him that
there was a boat on the river not far off. and
he a;;re«'d to condiiet us to it after dark. N\'e
|>assed the day in lelliuM stories, ealiiiir persimmons
and sleeping, now ipiite certain that no one wnuld dis-
t iirb us.

Ill the afterinMiii ('<doii»'| Saiifoid and myself went
onlsi«le to take a smoke ami ^et a little fresh air, there-
by lia\ in<; a narrow escape from bein^ tliscovt-ied. We

REGIMENT ILLIXOIS VOLUXTKERS.

:-.n

were sitting by tli<^ ban, nrar whi.l, n... a litil,. cv.-k
wheii a white man— a brother of K.m-<m-'s— was ,lis-
coveied by the watoliful and faithful Juo, ai.pn.a.l.in..
the creek to water his liors... W<. hunicMllv nM.nt.Mvd
the barn and stay.Ml tlu-r,'. .Too said that "k^M-vr was
an ohl man and partially blind, liad it not Immmi f..,- this
he mioht have seen ns. Thns the long dav w..iv ;.wav
and the welcome sliades of iiight approach. •,! \\v
were impatient to be off when Joe ram.- in and lohl ,is
that he had been to the river and found the b..at gone
He said It was owned by two white men, who m;ule a
living by carrying wood to Columbia, that thev had
gone there and would not be back until t.-mun-ow
therefore the best thing that we could do would i)e t<i
wait. This was a great disap])ointment. Seine of the
party thought that Joe was getting ready to betray
us. Others were afraid we might be discovered bV
staying. But as none of us were in anv condition to
travel on foot, some being nearly barefooted, it was
deci«h-d to wait another day. .Toe brought ns a little
food, but not enough to satisfy our appetites. Most
of us had no overcoats or blankets, and our nearly
threadbare uniforms were a ]»oor protection against
the cold of night at this season of the year ili the
southern swami)s. lint Ave were free, this warmed our
blood and nerved us for all trials. So we went to bed in
the barn, crawling under the hay, with many jokes
and in good spirits, and withal, tliankful to ("loil for
the mercies shown ns.

The morning of December 1st we were aroused long
before daylight by the voice of .Joe, who wanted us to
leave at once. Tt did not take long to make our toih'ts.
We did not stoj) to brush off the hayseed, but marched
out and followed our guide, who conducted us for some
distance into a swamp to a A'ery nice hiding place,
where as .Joe said, "De debbil hisself" could not find us.
Many a runaAvay slave had hidden there. It was very
cold on this December morning and as .Joe said it
would be safe, we built a fire. Later when the sun
had risen high enough we did not need it. This day

us THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

was ii Imii^ Miic for us, l»ii( iiij^lil raiiic al last an<l w idi
it our frifiHl .jik% who tohl us the jovful news that the
boat was all ri^ht and ehaine<l up to a tree aii<l he
wouhl take us to it. ,Ioe then went awav for a while.
Almut eiyht tt'eloek he leiufuiMl this time on a mule.
.joe liirtTled us to luaivh on his left about a io»l, so
that no one eouhl connect us in anv way with the mule
ti-arks. His ridinj^ ju-eventejl any ]M»ssibility of the
lioumis st-eutiu;: him. Thus \\»* maicluMl foi- souu- two
miles in a /.i;;-/a;j: course and anoss anoi her planiat ion,
to I'earli the boat, u liirh in a direct < oursc was only one
mile fi'oni where we left the swamp. In this as in all
of .I«>e's o|)rratioiis lie acted with ^leat cuiiuiui:, and
as a stratej^dst would outrank some of our ^^eucials.
At last after many tiirnin;;s :ind mmh weariness we
eanu' suddenly to the river we had so loni^etl to see —
the ron;,Mr«*e llowin;,^ alonj:, ;;loomy and sullen, broad
and tieep, lo<d;iii^ in the darkness like another Styx,
over whos«' bostuu \N e must travel many a day before
reachin;; ilie happy Klysian titdds beyond. < >h, free-
tbunl who but those wh«» have been de]uiv«M| of it know
the swe«'tness of thy name! There lay the boat at
anchor.

N\ e bach' .](((* ^ood by with boiji soriow ami joy. for
he had been a pMul ami true friend to us. and we kn«\\
not N\ here we shoidd lind another. We uidoosed the
(ha in that held the boat and with beating hearts sailed
out on the unknown river. The boat which was thus im-
]»ressed to carry us and our fortunes, was aboiit fifty
^•et lon^and si.xteen wide, stron;ily built of hewed ]»ine
lo^s, and made for carrying uood. it had no deck and
was clumsy and unwieldy. We found two lar^^e rou;:h
made oars in it. These we use«l to ju'opej the boat ami
also to keep warm, for the id^hts were Ncry cold. W'e
found t he river swift, and knowin;.! it was full of sua;;s,
one of the party served as a lookout for these. Inder
the ciuiddued intliu'iice of the oars and the cuiieiit we
s|»ed sw ift ly alon;j; durin;;: the whole id «ilit. < »iil\ ou. e
did we meet with any trouble. This was caus«'d by a
sna;j and delaved us tw<» hours. Finallv we released

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 529

the boat and after that sailed on uiiiil (la\ii;;lii ..i'
the 2n(l. Findino- no creek to run into we were (>hli;;vd
to tie lip by the bank, where we were lialde to b<* scni
shouhl any one pass ah)ng-. The rest of tlie i)arty hid
in a ravine near by wliilc I acted as sentinel, Un- this
purpose posting myself on the bank out of si-ilif. I'rei ty
soon 1 saw a dog- running- down toward the rivei- anil
a bhick man following after. Knowing that if no ex-
planation was made he would probably rejM.it what he
had found, I railed to him and soon discovered that he
couhl be depended upon. 1 then conducted him to the
ravine and he had a chance to see some live Yank«'es,
which seemed to please him very much. He informed
us that we were upon the i)lantation of (lem-i-al Pierce
Butler. His house could be seen from the blulf m-ar by.
He also told us that his own name was Tucle Casey,
and he was eighty years old. After some further talk
he left agreeing to come back after dark with ]>rovi-
sions. We were hungry, but it would not be safe for
him to visit ns in daylight. Nothing of an exciting
character occurred after this during our stay on
Butler's plantation. With night came Casey ami his
"ole woman" each bringing corn pone and bacon,
which answered for our supper. The old people were
very glad to serve us and no doubt cleancMl out their
ow'n larder in doing so. They informed us that six
miles below was a railroad bridge which was guar<led
by soldiers and atlvised us to be careful au<l not to start
early, as the new moon would make it too light. How-
ever, we were anxious to be off, and bidding our age<l
friends good-by, went aboard the boat and floated
down the river some three miles. We then pulled
ashore and tied up to a tree, resolved to wait until
later before attempting to pass through the bridge.
While thus waiting a light was discovered in a cane
brake near by. A closer survey made by some of the
party resulted in finding that it proceeded from a negro
hut. Inside were two men and a woman, and a fresh
killed beef lay in one corner. The occupants of this
dismal abode were fugitive slaves who said they had

5» THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

l)«M'ii iln'iv I w<> Vfjirs uiiiiiolfsiiMl an«l Ihcd liy liui»tinj>;,
whirh iiiijjlit \h' viiWviX straliiij;: by soiin*. In this Mfiise
suMiiip ihf rliaiHrs «»f tlisinvrrrv ami <aptiin* wtTc
sli;;lii ill ilifsr WAV tiiiu's. OiiT visit was a siirnrisc to
llu'iii, Imt tlw'V wt'iv ;;Ia<l to k«h» a ival VaiikiM* and «:avi'
iinnli iiifurinatioii <»f valut' to us. For live tlollars in
( "oiif«'tl«'iatt' iiioiu'V, a <]iiai'h*r of iMM'f was s«Mn!»*<l and
tak«*n aboard our boat.

It was now niiio o'j-lork or lairr, and bavin;: tbc
fuiu* brak«* and iln* <bu-ki<'s, wr ay:ain n*suiiHMl onr
joiiriH'\', and so.ni after a|i|iroa(dicd tbo l»rid;;»*, wh<*r«*
oiHf inurr ibo cliain-cs of rst-apo and dlscovci'V
so«Miird about rvi'ii. As wi- drew in-ar all lay down
alon;r t bo {4:Mnwab*s »-\<t'|»i Taptain Nirlnds, wlio actod
as ludnisnian and pilot. 'I'Im* rurroiit laii near tin*
ri;:lit bank so iliat we luid to f<dlow it. It was not
voiy dark and w«* roiild so** a sciitiiiol walking; bis b«*at
on llio bridy:«* wliib* a party of soldiors were sittinj;
arouml a <aiiip tiro on tin* bank, oviilmtly <Mi;ra;:od in
soino y:anio, probably raids. ()iir boat inipcllod by tlic
swift (uri-oiit rusliod tliroii;:li and so iioar tlic jdor of
tlio brid;;o that notliin;^ but tin- skill and str«'n;;tli of
Nicliols saved Iut from sliikiiii:. \\ litii ilir<Miy;li tin*
i'aptain stoojicd down and lot lior lloat. Not a word
was sj»(d<on nor a iiiovo made for soiiio nioiiioiits, wlioii
bavin;: ;:<tno quite a distainc wo rj'sunicd the oars and
a bond in tlio river hid us fi-oiii our enemies. Aiiotlior
preat peril was passed and we a;;ain liad reason to be
thankful to i he ;:reMt Preserver nf all. ( )ur remarkable
smress thus far auj^ured wi-ll bu- the future and we
were happy. For the next two or three miles (Uir
j>assa;;e was smooth, luil by some means we now i^ot
into t he w roll;: <-liaiiiie|, one niad<' by t he river break in;:
ovei" a bend. Our boat bein;: hea\y and unwieldy \\^^'
could iioi return and so had to ;:o on. I'oi- several miles
\v<* ran from snajL: <•» siiajjf and i'i\t\\ to eddy with li;:ht-
nin^ like velocity i-xperlin;: often to be dashed to
pieres or becoim* lixiil on a sua;: so we could not ;:<«t
<»(T. Hut at last we eiuer;:e<l from these <lan;:ers and

fi.iili.j oiir^e|\«-s at the conlluelice of the ("oil'MI-ee :i!l<l

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. S31

Wateree rivers, Avhidi lici-c Im-in ||,,. SiiiihM- ;i l.i-..;i.l
and noble river. We then lloatcMl on all iii;:ln wiiliuin
any more startlinjj^ adventures, ^lad eiioii-'li to have a
little rest after the excitement of the day. At dayli^dit
of the 3rd, we anchored in a cane hrakc '

We spent the day in sleejtiiio- and eating l»v nuns.
Our only food was the beef, for which w«' lia«l no salt,
but the tierceness of our appetites served in jjlacc of
condiments. One of the party did some reconiioitcrinic,
but failed to lind any siiius of civilizat iou in si^ht.
However, we were contented, as all we \vant«'(l was to
be let alone. Around us in every direction wcr;- im-
mense cane brakes, which orew wry thick an«l tall,
and were well calculated to hide us t'lom unwrlcoinc
visitors. The only danger was that sonic stray boat
might come along the river. But tln^ day i»ass(Mi (juiet-
l\ and at dark we again set out on our voyag<*. We
made probably forty miles that night. No ('x«iting
incidents occurred to vary the monotony. The night
was cold and we rowed by turns, by which means we
managed to kt^ep warm. During the night a Hat boat
manned by negroes passed us. We gave them plenty
of sea room, as we did not Avish to talk. Between r(»w-
ing the boat, watching for snags, and other })ossib]e
dangers, daylight came sooner than we expectcMl.
From our calculations we were now not more than one
hundred miles from the sea, and as we approached the
goal of freedom our anxiety became more intense to
reach it. To fail now woidd be almost tmbearable, so
we nerved ourselves for the last struggle.

At daybreak of the 4th we tied up in a canebiake,
which seemed to extend for miles in all directions.
The last of our beef disapixvired at breakfast, and still
we were hungry and must remain so until night at
least, as to venture out in daylight for food would im-
peril the safety and success of the whole party. The
day passed quietly and at dark Sanford aiul Kan<lol]>h
started on ahead in a little "dug out" that we had con-
fiscated, for the purpose of tinding some friendly
blacks who woiild feed us and give informati(»n as to

ess THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

our rtniu* ami ili«- distuiut* fitun iln- inuutli of i In- San-
tee. Wf followtnl soiiu* tiiiii* ntxrv in tin* llai and liail
inadr a niilf or nnuv whm \vr hraid tin* Colonel's siy;-
nal from shore and liaulid in. Tlic \nmi was ihaiiUMl
lo a tonNfnifnt u«'»*. 'I'liis dunr, \\ liai was onr sMrprist*
lo sei* aboni twentv m*yi<K's nn-n and womrn, t*atli
haviu^ in hand provisions for ns. I'lu'se were put on
board, Sanford and I{aml(»lj>li had cvifh-ntly struck
the riy;hl phirr.

Our inv«*nt<M-v of siori*s i-iMrivfd from tlu'si* i;ind
frifUiis foote«l up about live bushels (»f sweet potatoes,
eijjht chickens, two (juarts of boiled rice, and a small
piec«' of baron, euouj^rh we believe<l to last us throujih.
We spent s«uue moments in ctuixersalion. li seemed
like meeting: old and tried friemls. The blacks were
overjove«l to s«'e us and «-ould hardl\ keep quiet. 'I'hev
told us that (oMieral Sherman was repiuted marching;
throu;:h the country and thcv expected to see him any
day. All were anxious to have tis take them ahuij;, but
of course we couM mn think of such a thinj;, so we con-
soUmI them with assurances that they w«Mild soon be
free. (Mie of the party, who was a body servant to his
mast<'r, said he could rj-ad an<l wiile. This he had
secr«'tlN learned to do. He was well ]iosled and j;ave
us much vahuible news wliicli he had either hear<l or
lead. There was n<)\\ no tloubt in our minds that our
armies wj-re <mi the march, we knew not exactly where,
but the llHMi<j:ht that they were triuiu]diant was suHi-
cii'Ut for us to know, iu orcler to raise our spirits ami
determination lu ili*- lii;:li*-st pitch.

We bade our friends a heartfelt farewell at last,
unloosed the chain which held our boat ami tloated off
in the darkness, followed by tlu' juayers ami louLjin^s
of our «lusky su<«cu"ers. \N'e wiie ravenous for food
and it had been ju-ovided. llcforc our huu;:er was
satisticd a ;ioodly portion disappeai •«!. ItuI with a bi^
stock of potatoes we felt safe frtUM further absolute
want. We had made about one fourth of a mile when

We passed the residence of the ow Uef of t lie sla\ es W ho

had fjil us. This was a lar;ie tine lookiii;: hous*-. staml-

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 633

ing near tlu* river. The ])n.i»ri.M..r u;is a Majoi- in il,,-
rebel army and then at home on aeeoiiiit ..I" a wumid he
had received. We concluded not to call on iiiiii and kej)!
ou down the river, the broad Santee bearin^^ iis sh>wly
but surely toward the niiy,hty ocean— and fr('c<h.in.
During the night we ran ninU'r another In-idgc, which
was closely guarded, but no one saw us, at h-asl did
not hail us. The river was now becoming broader and
the cauebrakes with their hooting owls and barUing
alligators, had given place to rice fields, which e.\-
tend(Hl back fartlier than the eye could reach on either
side.

The morning of the Titii we heard liu- i he lirsl liine
the welcome sound of a cannon, the n.iorning gun of a
blockader. This indeed was swe<4 to us, announcing
that we were not many miles from saf«*ty. >\'e lia<l
made forty miles during the night and tliis morning
tied up in a canebrake, back of which were rice fields.
The canebrake had formerly been a rice held and the
dikes, still intact, were grown up to cane. There was
no sign of man or house anywhere. We built a fire and
cooked our chickens and potatoes over the coals. The
day was spent in eating, sleeping and speculating as to
the prospects of our reaching the gunboat in the morn-
ing, we supposing tliat she lay immediately off the
mouth of the Santee. At dark we resumed the voyage
in high spirits and continuing on all night without any
interruption at daylight found that we were in an
open country of rice holds, with nt» cane and no woods
to be seen anywhere. We could not hide the boat, but
had to tie her up to the bank in plain sight. The day
of the Gtli was cold and the sky cloudy, but it was
deemed hazardous to build a fire, so we ate our pota-
toes, the only commissary stores left, raw. In this
state we found them palatable and far better than no
food at alh It soon began to rain, a favorable circum-
stance however, as the chances of our being discovere<l
were less, and we were rea<ly to endure anything rather
than be recaptured. The rice fields were filled with
immense flocks of geese, brant, ducks and sea fowls,

&M THE ONE HVNDRED AND FOURTH

whirh kfpt up a nnisclfSK clattor, but h was iiui an
n<»>in^ an«l affnnhMl us souh' ainusciiicnt. AImum i«*n
o'rlink a lutai was s«mmi rumiii;; dtiwn tin* rivi*r aii*l as
It VNas lilh'd with iihmi raus»'<l us souu* auxirtv. « Mi a
ut-aiHT appmacli lUr nvw piuviMl to Im* Uf^itHs. As
they rjiiuf near < 'aptaiu Nichols went out in tin* canjje
aud liailrd tlimi. Mr lohi tliciu uli*> an<l what we
wrrr aii*l ina«h* iu«|uiii('s as to thr tlistancr fioni the
Ininn lines. Tln-v said that thn**' inih's Im-Imw on tin*
Iffl bauk was Mr( 'hdlansvilh*, wh«M«' then* wrn* i«*Im*I
batterifs aud soldii*i*s, ami thai wt- would hav»* to he
can-fnl if we ^^ot safdv bv. Tln-v also said thai an-
other ni;4;ht's Nttva;;t' slionid |»nl us at tin* inonlh of i In*
Sant«*«*. Tln-v pioniiscd iioi io i)-\cal onr pi-csi-nr»- lo
au\ out* and \\«-nt on. W i- had sonn- donbis as to tin*
oui«oin«-. and kt*pl a siiaiji watch all da\ aud onrs«.Ivt*s
well conc«-ah'd.

\N'ln-n ni;::hl caint- we felt i<-lic\cd and sri oiii on
tin* vova;i«', fondiv ln>|»ini:: 'h«* uioirow would witness
our rch-asc from i-cbcldom and arrival under the old
I'la;:. We proceeded vi-rv slowly and cautiously foi-
aboni three miles, w ln*u we cann- in sii^hi of Me-
( "h'llausville aud its bu'titicat ions. We (oiild see a
sentluel walkiu;; back aud forth on llie paiajtei. Thi-
ni;:ht was so still we ctuild hear him hnnimin;^ a Mine
as we <rept alon;; the rij,di( bank of the ri\(r on tin*
opp(»site side, <)ur boat uunle s«uue noise as it ^rrated
a;:aiust the rice overhan;;in;r the bauks, w liich s<-enn-d
\ery lond, ami we (-.\|»ect(-d the seutiui-l W(»\ihl see ami
halt us, then tire his ;,nin ami alarm tin- ^Mrrison, when
«-annon wonld no doubt hav<- been iraim-il tui us. but
Koinewhat to onr sur]U-is«- as well as joy, this did not
ocriir. We soon jtassed out of si^ht ami sailed on with
ll^ihter hearts. i>u\\ (tin* more peril then remaim-d to
be i»verc<une bebire r«'a( hiu;; otir lines, the r«'bel ]>i«kei
boats at I he nnuith of t In- ri\ er. Tin- ni^iht passed away
without further adveiitures, ami al dayli;;hl w«- found
onrsehes m-ar the nnnith of ihc Saiiiee, here twn miles
brond.

The Ttli of he.endii-r was cold ami rain falling.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. 535

While lookiiio- around t(.i- a siiitahh- liidin- pla.c, to
our dismay tin* tide went otit, Icavin;; uui-^hoat li'i«;li
and dry thirty yards from shore. Here was a dilciiiiiu,
but wo all lay low, oe('ui>yinotli(' time in rlicwin- swc-i'
potatoes and grumblin";-. Meantime ii conliimed ((►
rain, which was fortunate as we lay in full view of the
M'hole country round, and could see the viUa^c of
Georo-etowu a few mih-s away. At eleven o'clock the
tide returned, and we soon put the boat inshore under
the lee of a rice field, and at the uKMith of the <dd San-
tee canal, Mhich runs to Georgetown, connecting; it
w^th the river. This had not been used for some li'ine.
Here we lay all day, much disappointed thai ilieie
were no si^ns of our blockader anywhere. A more
rainy, dismal day would be hard to' imagine, and yet
the conditions were all in our favor. Had it been
pleasant, peoi)le wouhl hav<' iM'en out and our j>res-
ence nii<;ht have become known to our enemies, who
would have attempted our capture. The (hiy wore
slowly away in discussino- the situation and phinniui;
for reachino- our lines. There was only one feasihh'
scheme, which was to run out to sea after dark and
take our chances of tiudinji the blockader, which we
knew must lie in the vicinity. While thus waitin*; we
had occasional visits from sharks, which came in from
sea in search of their ]>rey. They at least furnished
us food for reflection. But at last the lonj;- day ended in
darkness, inky black clouds huno- low in the horizon,
whilst the billows of an, ocean I had never seen before,
roared in our ears. Our time had come, and we sailed
out on the now troubled waters with souu' mis<;ivinj;s,
unexpressed however, but we were fully determined to
succeed or die in the attemi)t. Our progress was slow,
the wind and tide beinji' a«.>ainst us, and the huj^e
wave's rolling in, tossinii' our boat here and thei-e, but
with two men at each oar we finally reached tiie mouth.
We knew that picket boats should be in this vicinity,
and were congratulating ourselves on having eluded
them, when loud and clear, there broke upon <uir ears
through the dakness, the inquiry and command from

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH

a liilh* »lis(:iiii«' lu ilii' ri^lii. "IJoai alio\ ! \\ In. ai<-
vou? ('«niu' lol" Aiu\ \\v dill cxiih' !•» the oais with a
\«'n;;«*aiirr, aiul inillrM f«»r our livrs. ('apiaiii Wall of
tlif Sixi v-iiiiii li Nrw York vcIIimI bark inon* foiM-ihlv
«tliaii »*l«*;;aiill,v lo tin* fiiniiv, "<io to li -II!" TImv
(lid not scciii to like this and lM';;an tirin;:, tlir hiillcis
whist I in;: jii-oimd livrly, Inii liittin^r onlv iIh- huai.
Mrantinii' wr wn-r pushing; as fast as jiossildf willi tMii-
rhinis\ boat up tin* <oasi. hi oui- liasir we i-an a;j:iouud
on a bar and St urk fast. Tiu' pirkn lioat lM';:an i»ullin;:
for us. S«'«'in;; this, rojoufl Sanfoid said, "Hovs, w r
rjin'l ;:»'t olT, rvcry man look out foi- liiiusclf." So \v«'
juiupod into tin* watri- and uiadi* fop tin* low coast
w hirh w as not far <»1T, hut wcic well wet lM'fof<* wr j:ot
t In-n-, sonu'liiucs si id; in;: in t lu' sainl to our kiUM'S. .Ml.
how«'\ rr. safr|\ iraclH'd thosln»io. Sujtposin;; t hal \\r
woidil lit' iMiisucd. Wo iiavrlcd up the hrach vny fast
fof a uiih* of nuu«'. w lieu utlt'ily rxhausted wi* paused.
No pufsuei's hi'in;: in si;:lit, we ioinludcd to stay wlu-if
Wf wriT fo|- the ni;:ht. \\'»' lln-u know that wc welt-
on South Island, a low sand hank roveiod with a small
shfuhhy ;ii-o\\ t h of vo;i;«'tat ion. in the s<anty sholtn-
of this wo spoilt the iii;:hl, hut not in sleep. We Wele
«<>Id, wet. and hun^iiy, while aho\e all, wei^heil on our
minds 1 he question, what of the mon-ow ? Shall we
esriipe liiially? Some lia<l (loiihis. Sanfoid and my-
stdf were hopeful, and he leiiiaiked, "We will eat break-
fast in t he iijorniii;: on boaid t he ;:unboat." That I was
not in despair is evidem-ed by the fact that while in
this apparently desperate siiail on South Island. I
picked up and put in my pocket two slitdls as luemeii
toes of the place. Uut above all I seemed to hear from

above the Wofds, "I will delixer thee.*' Ill Sllcji lii«t
mellts and when coiueleil. Mile appeals III and (liinUs
of ( lod.

On December Mil, at the tirst ;jray streak of daun
lookin;: upon us from a leaden sky, «-old ami cheerh'ss.
\v«' saw the li;:lit house, and oiitsidi' the harbor we be
held a mole welcome si;:lit, the spars and tall masts
of a ship. This could be no other than rncle Sam's.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS. -.17

We at om;e rais,Ml a signal ..f .listivss, n,,.. of ,1,,- ,.,,1 v
contiibutiiio' his only and last sl.irt f..,- ih,. m,,.,...;.'
^^e also rail up and down tlio l„.a<h in ^.,,,1 i„v'
bopmo- to be obs<.rv(Ml and ivs<-,mm1 befoiv the Mu-niv at'
(Teor-etown or elsewhere shonhl see us. TIm' sl.ii,' liv
several nides out and it was some time b.-Con- w saw

boat hlled with nn^n hove in si-ht. At tirst we fear<Ml
they mioht be enemies, but as the boat eame neaivr
we reci^iiiiized— ol,,ri(,us sioht! the 'M)ld Fhi"- " Whru
within speakiiio distance, an officer hailed irs thi.uedi
a trumpet, "Who are you?" We repliiMl, -Ks.ai.r.d
prisoners of war, Fe.leral officrrs!" Soon alter, n..t
tully satisfied that it was not some rebel ruse, ji,. hailed
aoam. This time fully convinced, the boat was pulled
rapidly m, and as it ai>])roached, we waded out. ;iiid
seizing- hold of the oumvales, crawled on boar.l. Our
emotions were of course intense. No lanuua-c or elo-
quence could at that moment have expressed'lullv our
joy and ••ratitude. Some cried, others laujihed. It
seemed too j-ood to be true. Above us waved the Starry
Banner— the emblem of the free. Arouml us were
the gallant tars of the American navy. We so(.n be-
came acipiainted with Ensi<;n Thomas, the (.Hirer in
command, and also with the crew.

The first excitement bein^' over, our hun;.:('r next
claimed attention. 1 la vino lived for the last few days
on raw potatoes, we were ready for siuuethlnu better.
The Ensign brou<;ht out the bread ba«i, and wliile some
ate, others asked for tobacco. Meantime the boat with
sail and oar was rapidly making for the shi]). Hut the
tide was low and she .urounded several times. We
then lightened her by s])rin<>iug out, hanging to her
side, and soon reached dee]) water, when Ave had ii<>
further trouble. This was a regular picket boat, her
crew armed with rifles and revolvers, while a small
howitzer jxdnted from her bow, shotted and ready
for acticai. We now sailed gaily over the sea and sooii
reached the Xipsic. 1 never saw anything half so
big or noble as the gallant shij) appeared t<» me then.

&is THKitNi: HI \iii:ll« aM> FtU'RTH

J^xiii;: 'H :iinln'r iiinifi- riii>»' ii-i-iftl sails, lirr di'cks
rovrHMl Willi MniriTs ami iiu*u waitiii^^ lo n'crivr lis.
Thfv ;,'avi' a «lnM'r as \vt* «liinlnMl u|) llii* siilrs aii«l stood
on iliM-k iimlrr ilu* Siars and Sniins oin»« iiiorr. The
oftii'erH, thirteen in iimimImt, hurried us into the rahiii,
\vlnTe We fuuml a ;:iMid lilt*, 'i'he sliip's (2"'l'''''I''"!»^'«*'"«
Lieiiieiiaiil .MaiisljeM, piuvideii each of us wiih a new-
suit of soaiuairs tloihinj:, and in a few inomenis we
iiad disearded ourohl and lilthv ra^^s with a |>rnniisin;^
« lop of "{^raN harks." and rasi them into the sea. Most
of us were nearly naked, i.ieuieuani rhmcv. Sixty-
ninth New York, had no uiiisith' tlotliiii;: at all, not
even a hat. .Ml of us were romph'tely ehilled thr<ni}jli
when we arrived. Ion under the intlu«*me of our warm
reiepiion; our new rhuln-s; a hot lire; the jirospeei of
lueakfasi: and our iMeianioiphosis generally, we soon
l»e;;an to I haw out and to feel like new men. The
Nipsii- had lieeii there »'iy:ht«M'n inoiillis on hlorkadin^
duly, and anylhinir to vary the momuony was wel-
etmied. At ei;:hi o'clock We sat down to I he tirst s<|uare
meal soim* of us had tasted in o\cr a y«'ar, which was
duly appre<iated. These old sea do^s w«*re not in the
ha hit of doinji: thin;^ hy halves, and we found the table
supplied with all the necessaries and many of the lux-
uries of lift', livery few weeks a sujtiily ship ^oes
aroiiml lo the l»lo(ka<lers with fresh siipjilies and mail.
< Mie was now ilaily expected aiitl on this we could re-
sume ttur journey.

The day was mt»si a;:reealtly spent in ^eltinj; ae-
<|uaimiMl wiih our new friemis, relating «)ur expe-
riences, ami in ualkin;; the deck, tryin;^ t«» look at ease
in our new cloiiies, while siuilyiiii: al the same lime
ht»w to preserve the pittper etpiilihrium of step ami
<arria;;e, a stunewhal tlilVicull task in a clmppy sea.
\N hell iii;;ht came the idlicers ;;ave up i lieir siaii roiuus
tt» the parly. There md heinj^; entMi;:li, iwt» of us sle|it
in JiamnitM-ks swiin<4; >■> the cahin. .MmuiI ten tt'clock a
;:ale sprunj^ up ami the Nijisic |iul to sea to a\ttitl any
|Hissihility of heiny: driven ash«»re. Tin- in\i nioiiiini^
she leiurneil to her «»hl jHisiiion.

REGIMENT ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.

539

On the third day, the supply ship iio( liaviii^ ar-
rived, and being anxious to proceed, Captain SdlHdMv
put us on a small sailboat manned by an Ensi<;n and
two men. At two o'clock in the afternoon we bade a
heartfelt farewell to the officers and men of the Nipsic,
and with three cheers for them and the flay, sailed'
away for Charleston, fifty-four miles distant. Our
course was down the coast, but the wind was so lijrht
that we did not arrive at our destination until the
next morning-, when we reported to the ship .bdin
Adams and were given breakfast. There were no
hostilities on account of a flag of truce. A dozen
monitors and numerous other war vessels lay near bv
all of which were exceedingly interesting to us. fn
the afternoon we were transferred to the steam.i-
James Adger. The next morning we reached Ililtnu
Head. Here we succeeded in drawing some money from
Uncle Sam's paymaster. After waiting several days
we embarked on the steamer Fulton and upon our ar-
rival at New York received orders to report at ^^'ash-
ington, where we were interviewed by Secretary Stan-
ton, paid more money due us, and g'iven leave of ab-
sence for thirty days. I had been one month on the
journey from Columbia when I finally reached mv old
home in Illinois.

My return to the army and participation in the
closing scenes of the Great'Rebellion are not pertinent
to this narrative.

M 9U

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

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